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The generalized magnetizing curve series for the nonlinear magnetic circuit is proposed. Subsequently, three definitions of selfinductance for the nonlinear magnetic circuit are compared. The passivity of the magnetic circuit is reconsidered. Three theorems that describe features of Fourier harmonics of distorted waveforms have been proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

String stability is a vital property of vehicle platoons which ensures that the system states are not amplified downstream along the string of vehicles. In this paper, a passivity-based approach to stability analysis of vehicle platoons is presented. This is motivated by a case study of an adaptive cruise-controlled platoon. We link the string stability of the platoon to the output strict passivity of each subsystem (vehicle) in the string. We show that a sufficient condition for the platoon to be string stable is that the output strict passivity index of each vehicle in the string be lower bounded by one. For a linear time-invariant (LTI) system, this means the Nyquist plot of the transfer function of each subsystem is within the unit circle. Modeling the platoon as a cascade of LTI subsystems, we present a visual tool to assess string stability. By constraining the output strict passivity index of each subsystem in a string to unity through a two-stage control strategy, the condition for string stability is met. The proposed string stability control strategy, accounting for uncertainties and delays in the drive and sensory systems, is validated using numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a retrieval procedure for extraction of electromagnetic properties of bianisotropic metamaterial (MM) slabs involving no sign-ambiguity. Toward this end, as different from the studies in the literature, we derive a closed-form expression for the intermediate variable T (propagation factor) and use it to obtain sign-ambiguity-free electromagnetic properties of bianisotropic MM slabs. We utilized 3D CST Microwave Studio to simulate scattering parameters of a bianisotropic MM slab composed of circular split-ring-resonators and to validate the derived closed-form expressions. The effects of substrate loss, geometrical parameters, and noise in S-parameters were examined to assess the capability of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Illumination affects corrosion of oxide‐covered metals via photoinitiated dissolution processes. Herein, anodized titanium with n‐type semiconducting anatase TiO2 and anodized copper with p‐type semiconducting cuprite Cu2O of thicknesses up to ≈90 nm are prepared, and investigated under controlled convection in photoelectrochemical experiments illuminated at grazing incidence. Illumination with photon energies above the bandgap triggers anodic photocurrents for titanium above the flat band potential, and cathodic photocurrents for copper below the flat band potential. Increased corrosion rates are evidenced via measurements of polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and concentration determination via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The increase in corrosion current with illumination is slightly lower than photocurrents, and scales linearly with intensity as expected if triggered by linear absorption. Following the Gerischer model, for titanium, electron‐hole pairs cause oxide dissolution by hole annihilation through cation dissolution. For copper, increased corrosion rates are caused by increased cathodic reaction rate through photoexcitation. The maximum nonthermal increase in corrosion rate is ≈1 μA cm−2 for copper, and ≈7 μA cm−2 for titanium, few micrometers per year and negligible for structural materials. Photocorrosion may affect localized corrosion, and nanostructures, for example, if morphology is crucial for a functional surface, as in catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical corrosion thermodynamics of an X52 pipeline steel under plastic stresses was studied by measurements of corrosion potential and Volta potential with a scanning Kelvin probe in an anaerobic near-neutral pH and an aerobic high pH corrosive environments, where the steel was under active dissolution and passivity, respectively. The stress-corrosion thermodynamics of the stressed steel in both environments was studied by Volta potential measurements. While the corrosion potential shifts negatively due to a stress-enhanced corrosion activity in both solutions, the shift of Volta potential is more indicative of the corrosion thermodynamics under identical stresses. Volta potential measurements provide a more promising method than corrosion potential to indicate the stress corrosion thermodynamics of the steel. The relationships between Volta potential and corrosion potential in both active and passive solutions deviate from linearity in the presence of stress. However, the difference between the two potentials increases linearly with stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reconfigures Merleau-Ponty’s “Problem of Passivity” into the potential of passivity. It contributes to Claude Lefort’s strong claims that Merleau-Ponty’s Passivity course from 1954-1955 published in the volume of course notes Institution and Passivity (2010) provides an «attack against the root of modern ontology», and that the phenomenon of passivity has largely been «neglected by most philosophers». Reflected in these assertions is a 21st century perspective on Merleau-Ponty’s work, with relevance to current performative, corporeal and political reworkings of phenomenology. The article's aim is to chart how Merleau-Ponty’s work on passivity, sleep and the unconscious represents a powerful critique of the Husserlian intentional model and the phenomenological concept of constitution, at the same time as opening potential for viewing consciousness as plural, culturally situated and diffracted.

This paper extends the concept of dissipativity to a new class of dynamical systems known as negative imaginary systems. The paper also introduce a new definition for nonlinear negative imaginary systems to extend the existent definition. Two different quadratic dynamic supply rates are introduced to allow for extending the dissipativity concept to cover the negative imaginary systems. One of which is a differential operator and the other is an integral operator. Both supply rates are used in order to formulate the class of negative imaginary systems as dissipative systems. This extension allows for wider class of dynamical systems to be considered in the negative imaginary framework. We also show how the new definition extends the negative imaginary system to analyze a class of higher order evolutionary dynamics. In particular, we show that the second order replicator dynamics satisfy the negative imaginary property and hence we can conclude convergence with certain class of games. Also, a nonlinear negative imaginary lemma based on the above definitions is derived.

To improve both the stability and the disturbance suppression ability of single-phase grid-connected inverters through LCL filters, this paper proposes an inverter output impedance enhancing control mechanism. The impedance enhancing control mechanism employs a virtual impedance control and a node-voltage feedforward control to ensure sufficient passivity and high amplitude of inverter output impedance over wide frequency range of interest. The proposed control mechanism is realized through combination control of a low-voltage bidirectional voltage-source-converter (B-VSC) connected at the filter capacitor branch and the main inverter. The B-VSC sustains an extra low power without sacrificing the efficiency of the inverter. Both the simulation and experimental results are finally given to verify the validity of the proposed method, which shows the performance improvement of the proposed radial-line inverter system working under variable grid conditions.

In this paper, we propose an observer-based visual pursuit control integrating three-dimensional target motion learning by Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). We consider a situation where a visual sensor equipped rigid body pursuits a target rigid body whose velocity is unknown but dependent on the target's pose. We estimate the pose from visual information and propose a Gaussian Process (GP) model to predict the target velocity from the pose estimate. We analyse stability of the proposed control by showing that estimation and control errors are ultimately bounded with high probability. Finally, simulations illustrate the performance of the proposed control schemes even if the visual measurement is corrupted by noise.

Real‐time hybrid testing involves the separation of a system into an experimental component and a numerically simulated substructure which are coupled and run together. The coupling between substructures is achieved using actuators and force sensors which comprise the transfer system. Close synchronization is required between substructures for reliable hybrid testing. However, actuator lag may cause tracking errors and instability in hybrid tests. Existing lag compensation schemes require identification of the coupled dynamics of the transfer system and experimental component and can be sensitive to changes in these components. Passivity control is a technique intended to maintain stability without the need for system identification or assumptions about the actuators or test specimens. Yet, the tuning of existing passivity controllers is sensitive to both the system being tested and the amplitude and frequency range excited. This paper presents a new, normalized passivity controller which behaves well across a much broader range of operating conditions once tuned for a single‐test scenario. The proposed approach uses a virtual damping element on the numerical substructure to dissipate spurious power injected by the actuator into the system, based on the ratio of net power output to mean power throughput. The scheme has been shown to result in identical performance for a linear hybrid test with a range of step excitations from 0.5 mm up to 500 mm. The proposed method can be used to improve test stability and fidelity in isolation or alongside other compensation schemes to further improve performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to model order reduction of linear time-invariant passive systems, i.e., positive real (PR) systems, based on the balanced truncation (BT) concept. The main feature of this article is that we have used the phase angle of the transfer function, $G(s)$ , in model order reduction for the first time in the proposed method, which results in more accurate reduced-order models. It is worth noting that this hypothesis has been never made before in any other model order reduction techniques. Furthermore, new gramians are calculated corresponding to their associated new Riccati equations and Lur’e equations, which are in turn achieved by using Kalman–Yakubovic–Popov (KYP) lemma and linear matrix inequalities (LMI). Thereafter, a novel passivity preserving model order reduction algorithm, which takes the phase angle of the transfer function, $G(s)$ , into account, is presented. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is a generalization of the positive real balanced truncation (PRBT) method, and it is perfectly capable of providing more accurate approximation error compared to PRBT. Finally, numerical examples are included to figure out the effectiveness of the presented method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the problem of passivity and dissipativity analysis is investigated for a class of fractional-order quaternion-valued fuzzy memristive neural networks. Based on the famous nonlinear scalarizing function, a nonlinear scalarization method is developed, which can be employed to compare the “size” of two different quaternions. In this way, the convex closure proposed by the quaternion-valued connection weights is meaningful. By constructing proper Lyapunov functional, several improved passivity criteria and dissipativity conclusions are established, which can be checked efficiently by utilizing some standard mathematical calculations. Finally, the obtained results are validated by simulation examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the output synchronization problem of passive multiagent systems (MASs) with transmission delays and switching graphs is addressed by a novel logic-based distributed switching mechanism. Our result shows that synchronization is reached for arbitrarily large and bounded constant, time varying, or distributed delays, which, compared with the existing results for passive MASs, has an obvious advantage. This delay robustness holds under the very weak connectivity assumptions on the underlying graph, that is, as long as the graph is uniformly jointly strongly connected and switches with a dwell time. The proposed algorithm is applied to the position synchronization problem of multiple robotic manipulators to show its applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a high-gain observer with nonlinear output is designed. The scaled estimation error system is constructed with a passive function based on the nonlinear output function and a strictly positive real transfer function of boundary-layer system. The ultimate boundedness and exponential stability of the estimation error for the global and regional two cases are demonstrated, as long as high-gain observer's decay rate is fast enough. The extended results under passivity of the output function and strictly positive realness of the transfer function are presented. The performance recovery property of the output feedback using high-gain observer with nonlinear output is validated. Some examples are applied in the simulation to illustrate the proposed results in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retired spacecraft attitude takeover control using two types of cellular space modules, namely orientation cellular space module (OCSM) and rate cellular space module (RCSM), is considered in this paper. Both the OCSM and the RCSM are endowed with identical mechanical actuators for providing 3-axis torques for attitude regulation. The difference is: the OCSM is equipped with orientation sensors which provide unit-length vector measurements to determine attitude, while the RCSM is mounted with rate sensors which measure angular velocities. Correspondingly, the attitude takeover controller is composed of a pre-wrap proportional control part and an output (angular velocity) feedback control part, which are executed by the OCSM and the RCSM respectively. A gain-scheduled control framework is adopted in order to formulate the rate feedback control part as subcontrollers for RCSMs. Two kinds of output feedback subcontrollers are proposed: a static output feedback control scheme with constant gains which are yielded from the linear–differential-game-based output feedback control; and a dynamic output feedback control scheme which is developed using the Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov Lemma and the linear–differential-game-based state feedback control. Both output feedback control schemes possess robustness to modeling errors, since the stability of the closed-loop systems hinge on the passivity theorem rather than the inertia properties of the retired spacecraft. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controllers for attitude takeover control of a retired spacecraft fixed with the OCSM and the RCSM. A comparison between the proposed methods and an existing method is carried out to show the benefits of the proposed controllers. • Retired spacecraft with inoperable control systems is reused by installing multiple space cellular modules to provide control torques. • The control torques which need to be provided by each space cellular module are calculated from the linear–differential-game-based output feedback control theory and the gain-scheduled passive control framework. • The proposed control schemes possess robustness to modeling errors since the stability of the closed-loop systems hinge on the passivity theorem rather than the inertia properties of the retired spacecraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the effects of temperature, H2S, and Cl− concentration on the onset of localized corrosion, in UNS S31603 stainless steel by evaluating the changes in the behavior of the passive layer. This is accomplished experimentally by using direct current electrochemical methods to study the passive layer formed by the stainless steel, in equilibrium with a gas phase at 2.8 MPa (400 psi) containing up to 60% mol of H2S (bal. CO2) at temperatures up to 150°C. The results indicate that the increase in the likelihood of both metastable and stable pitting on the stainless steel is consistent with the increase in the metal cation diffusivity as postulated by the point defect theory. In this context, the solution temperature was found to exert a larger effect than the H2S activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the passivity analysis problem of a class of fractional-order neural networks with interval parameter uncertainties (FONNs-IPUs). The previous IPU processing methods are mainly divided into three categories, i.e., directly using the maximum upper bound matrix or the minimum lower bound matrix, using the combination of these two matrices, and using the maximum norm bound matrix. These methods have some shortcomings, for example, the coupling of information between different intervals and the effect of the negative sign of connection weight are not considered. In order to better analyze the passivity of FONNs-IPUs, firstly, a novel treatment approach of IPUs called interval matrix polytope is proposed, which considers all possible boundary information matrices and the sign of IPUs. Secondly, based on the interval matrix polytope approach, the passivity criteria of FONNs-IPUs are established in linear matrix inequality forms. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical results is illustrated by simulation example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a novel strategy that exploits the properties presented by the nonlinear model of direct current motors, to obtain simultaneously the required control voltages in the armature and in the field windings when velocity and magnetic flux are considered as reference inputs. In this scheme, it is considered that the current signals for both windings are available, as well as the signal of the angular position. So by means of a second order filter, the signal that takes the place of the angular velocity is obtained. By using the Lyapunov stability theory, stability of the closed-loop system, global convergence of angular velocity and field flux is concluded, moreover all the states variables are bounded for all initial conditions. Experimental tests confirm the theoretical proposal; i.e., global asymptotic tracking of the angular velocity and field flux is ensured. The equations of this proposal are physically implementable and due to the structure of the control scheme, the voltages of both windings can be tuned in such a way that less current dissipates, resulting in energy saving and having the same response of velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequency-domain passivity theory offers an effective way to assess the stability of inverters in a complex grid. In this article, a unified impedance model, suitable for either inverter current control (ICC) or grid current control (GCC) of LCL-type grid-connected inverters with observer-based capacitor current feedback active damping, is built to facilitate the passivity-based stability assessment and controller parameter design. With the passivity analysis, it is found that when the antiresonant frequency of LCL filter is in certain ranges, i.e., (0.056 $\omega _s$ , 0.20 $\omega _s$) for ICC and (0.046 $\omega _s$ , 0.23 $\omega _s$) for GCC, all frequencies’ passive output admittance of the inverter can be achieved via proposed parameter design guidelines. Due to the utilization of the observer and all frequencies’ passive output admittance property, not only extra current sensors for active damping can be saved, but also the inverter can be connected and stably operated in a grid regardless of the grid impedance. The validity of the theoretical analysis and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by using experimental results on a laboratory prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies confirm that attachment representations are very stable and are rooted in semantic and episodic autobiographic memory systems. The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) provides a means to assess secure, insecure, and disorganized (U) states of mind; it incorporates a fine-grained analysis of attachment-related memories. The AAI is not a measure to determine false versus true memories or to claim it can identify veridical truth; however, longitudinal research studies demonstrate that the AAI is highly stable in how (degree of coherence) the speaker discusses past events. This IRB approved study (n = 130) examined a non-clinical sample of active individuals. The results indicated that passive states of mind was a predictor variable for unresolved loss and unresolved childhood abuse and both passive states of mind and more Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) predicted overall lack of resolution (U). Lack of memory and dissociative amnesia were not significant predictors. This study and previous studies demonstrate that retrospective reporting of ACEs remain stable over time. These findings suggest that clinical focus should follow the attachment protocol of examining the state of mind of the speaker. Autobiographical memory systems reveal enduring Internal Working Models (IWMs) that influence how memories are stored and recounted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new passivity-preserving order reduction method for linear time-invariant passive systems, which are also called positive real (PR) systems, with the aid of the balanced truncation (BT) method. The proposed method stems from the conic positive real balanced truncation (CPRBT) method, which is a modification of the BT method for PR systems. CPRBT presents an algorithm in which the reduced models are obtained from some Riccati equations in which the phase angle of the transfer function has been taken into consideration. Although CPRBT is a powerful algorithm for obtaining accurate PR reduced-order models, it cannot guarantee that the phase diagram of the reduced model remains inside the same interval as that of the original full-order system. We aim to address such a problem by modifying CPRBT in the way that the phase angle of the reduced transfer function always remains inside the conic and homolographic phase interval of the original system. This is proven through some matrix manipulations, which has added mathematical value to the paper. Finally, in order to assess the efficacy of the proposed method, two numerical examples are simulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this brief, we consider the port-Hamiltonian (PH) modeling of general RLC circuits, then explore the model order reduction (MOR) of corresponding port-Hamiltonian differential algebra equation (PH-DAE) systems. Specifically, by directed graphs, the general RLC circuits are firstly modeled as PH-DAE systems which imply the important passivity property. Based on $\varepsilon $ -embedding and parametric moment matching techniques, MOR is implemented to the PH-DAE system, and the corresponding reduced system preserves PH-DAE structure and then preserves the passivity property. In addition, we prove that the reduced parametric PH system obtained by only one-side projection can preserve three times moments which indicates better accuracy in theory, and the error estimation between PH-DAE system and parametric PH system is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses specific aspects of medical research texts. The author argues that academicity is one of the basic properties of research medical texts and analyses the way it is manifested in Russian research papers of the medical corpus. The study involves full-text medical articles published in the peer-reviewed scientific and practical journal “Bulletin of Siberian Medicine”, which is included in international databases. The coefficient of lexical diversity, lexical, grammatical and stylistic means of academicity manifestation are the main parameters for the study. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that Russian-language texts are characterized by a higher coefficient of lexical diversity and contain more unique lexemes than texts of the English-language corpus. Special attention is paid to the use of first-person pronouns: their number is relatively low, which indicates that the researchers’ position is not actively expressed in the papers. Other aspects that are considered to be manifestations of the academic style in the texts of the Russian-speaking authors are as follows: the use of a significant number of adjectives and international character of the texts, which is due to the presence of a large number of cognate words. In general, it is noted that academic style is manifested at all levels of text organization. The study has important applied value, since the knowledge of the properties of the academic style will help healthcare professionals to create high-quality articles for presentation of the results of their research.

The notions of negative refraction and negative index, introduced by V. Veselago more than 50 years ago, have appeared beyond the frontiers of macroscopic electromagnetism and purely formal during 30 years, until the work of J. Pendry in the late 1990s. Since then, the negative index materials and the metamaterials displayed extraordinary properties and spectacular effects which have tested the domain of validity of macroscopic electromagnetism. In this article, several of these properties and phenomena are reviewed. First, mechanisms underlying the negative index and negative refraction are briefly presented. Then, it is shown that the frame of the time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations cannot describe the behavior of electromagnetic waves in the situations of the perfect flat lens and corner reflector due to the presence of essential spectrum at the perfect $-1$ index frequency. More generally, it is shown that simple corner structures filled with frequency dispersive permittivity have a whole interval of essential spectrum associated with an analog of “black hole” phenomenon. Finally, arguments are provided to support that, in passive media, the imaginary part of the magnetic permeability can take positive and negative values. These arguments are notably based on the exact expression, for all frequency and wave vector, of the spatially-dispersive effective permittivity tensor of a multilayered structure.

Drawing on the insights offered in Dipesh Chakrabarty’s Provincializing Europe, this essay seeks to inquire into both the possibilities and limits of using modern categories of thought, which have emerged out of a specifically Western tradition, for an analysis of medieval Japanese texts. It questions the purpor- ted universalism of the categories body, gender, sex and agency – all of which are central to feminist analysis – for reading texts that emerged from within the East Asian religious and philosophical traditions. It argues that sex and gender, which are premised in modern thinking upon a division between natural attributes and social roles, have little valence in medieval Japanese writings because ‘nature’ and ‘society’ were not constituted as two separate spheres; and suggests that modern liberal conceptions of agency are inadequate for they cannot take into account gods and buddhas, who were seen as central actors in the cosmological/social world of medieval Japan.

In this paper, we address a class of distributed optimization problems with non-strictly convex cost functions in the presence of communication delays between an agent and a coordinator. To this end, we focus on a continuous-time optimization algorithm that mirrors the alternating direction method of multipliers. We first redesign the algorithm so that the dynamics ensures smoothness and a sub-block for primal optimization includes stable zeros. It is then revealed that the algorithm is composed of feedback interconnection of passive systems. We next robustify the algorithm against communication delays by applying the so-called scattering transformation. The smoothness of the dynamics allows one to use the invariance principle for delay systems, and accordingly, the state trajectories are shown to converge to an optimal solution even without the strict convexity assumption. Finally, the presented method is demonstrated via simulation of an environmental-monitoring problem.

The corrosion behavior and passive film properties of CrMnFeCoNi and CrFeCoNi coatings in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution were investigated by potentiodynamic and potentiostatic measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky tests. The chemical compositions of passive film were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicated that CrFeCoNi coating possessed lower passive current density, higher polarization resistance, lower donor and acceptor density compared with CrMnFeCoNi coating, which determined CrFeCoNi coating has higher corrosion resistance than CrMnFeCoNi coating. The excellent resistance to corrosion could be attributed to the structure and chemical compositions of passive film

New technologies are taking us into an artificial dimension in which everyday reality is translated into immaterial entities, into digital information. Media hypnosis favors the torpor of critical and ethical conscience, while model images contribute to structuring the so - called “pathology of normality”, which, precisely because it is widely diffused, goes unnoticed. To clarify that it is not just about new technologies, but a new model of society, which is being established and that involves different aspects of thinking, feeling and acting human, transformed by the action of the new media. We will therefore try to examine some particularly significant areas for their existential, social and political value, treated here as many links of a single topic: man.

In practical engineering application, it is necessary to judge the stability of direct current distributed power system (DCDPS) by using stability criteria, so as to adopt appropriate control strategies. Therefore, stability criteria of DCDPS are generally interested by scholars at home and abroad. The basic idea and characteristics of stability criteria based on equivalent source converter (subsystem) and equivalent load converter (subsystem), a bus voltage-controlled converter and a bus current-controlled converter, passivity and large disturbance signal were analyzed. Based on the above analysis, the advantages and defects of the stability criteria were pointed out. The research trends of the stability criteria for DCDPS were put forward, and a new method of stability criteria was proposed by combining passivity-based stability criterion and other stability criteria.

In my article I want to focuse on phenomenon which functions as “loser culture”. In addition, the purpose of these thoughts will be characteristics untypical community of “losers” and their the most recognizable antihero, whose Tomasz Bąk called “human cunt”. The basic example belonging to the broadly defined “loss” will be the poetic work of the contemporary Polish poet: Tomasz Bąk. The starting questions for my thoughts will be the following fundamental problems: 1. Did the phenomenon of “loser culture” really occur in Poland? 2. If so, what is it and what are its characteristics? 3. Who are the community of “losers” and the “human cunt”? 4. What social, economic, political and cultural consequences do the phenomenon have? I hope that the answer to the mentioned problems help to characterize “loser culture”.

Humans are passive in some situations; for instance, they become angry. What is the nature of passivity? And is it in accordance with humans' authority, reward, and punishment, or does it deprive humans of authority? The aim of this study is to psychologically analyze passivity and its relationship with authority. Some questions are as follows: How is passivity psychologically analyzed in the psychological realm of humans? From the view of Quran, what are the kinds of passivity and what are their relationships with humans' authority? What are the instances of Quranic passivity? How does Quran explain passivity? What is the causal explanation of passivity? How can we predict and manage passivity? This study applied a thematic interpretation methodology (identifying the related verses, examining the implications of verses, paying attention to the semantic context and way of verses, and considering the ironic and obligatory meanings of verses). Some results of this study are as follows: 1. Human affections are divided into motivation, emotion, and feeling. 2. There are so many kinds of passivity, and they have continues and mixed modes with each other. 3. Passivity (emotions and feelings) typically creates physical effects and a tendency to act in humans. 4. There is no conflict between passivity and authority.

This paper studies the passivity analysis of delayed neural networks (NNs) via novel integral inequality. First of all, an improved double integral inequality is proposed by virtue of the zero-qualities and some other analytical techniques Secondly, more information about time-delayed and neuron activation function vector are considered in constructing the augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF). Leant on the several methods mentioned above, some less conservative conditions are obtained. In the end, some numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness and superiority over the derived results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study arose from my clinical work with young women and aims to re-examine the issues at stake in female psychosexuality. In accordance with the deferred action, I will begin by presenting my conceptual development before attempting to apply it to the two clinical presentations. Masochism will be of central importance in our discussion because, although the notion of a normal masochism specific to women has rightly been criticised by many authors, the reference to a pathological masochism is a clinical reality that cannot be denied. It is an impediment to the flourishing of the feminine in women. The latter, a sort of reduplication of the primary feminine linked to psychic bisexuality, has given rise to important developments in contemporary theories. Reorganised in an oedipal register under cover of the phantasy of being beaten, it involves two registers of passivity: passivity-seduction (Freud/Laplanche) and passivity-distress (Rosenberg/Green). While, according to recent theories, the little girl has to experience passive reversal without any threat of intrusion, I will attempt to show that she also has to experience the loss of the object in a unique way. In the absence of a phallic obstacle, loss is thus at the heart of femininity, requiring an oeuvre of the feminine, that is, an endless work of melancholia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A remote multirobot system (RMRS) outfitted with wireless sensors for large-scale data collection may need to be tele-driven by several human users simultaneously. The long distances between the users’ local robots and the RMRS can inject time-varying delays in their communications. This article enables such multiuser teleoperation of an RMRS through a control strategy that robustly synchronizes an RMRS with tree topology and proximity-limited one-hop communications among its robots, enables multiple users to tele-guide the RMRS and to feel the actions of the other users over time-delayed communications between the users’ local robots and the RMRS, and contains the RMRS to the stationary convex hull spanned by the local robots of all users in the steady state. A control design constrained by the connectivity of the RMRS and by the passivity of the teleoperator guarantees effective coordination, safe teleoperation, and steady-state containment. The design is a dynamic feedforward–feedback passivation strategy facilitated by a suitable decomposition of the teleoperator into interconnected subsystems. The analysis of the storage functions, and thus of the input–output relations, of all subsystems and their interconnections proves the properties of the design. Comparative experiments in a teleoperation testbed with four local and ten remote robots validate its practical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lossy transfer functions are appealing in the design of filters and electric networks, as they can be exactly implemented by physical passive components. However, lossy techniques relax most of the constraints governing the design and thus offer many degrees of freedom but with unclear effects on realizability. This work describes first an analytical method to check whether a given 2-port matrix transfer function is passive. Moreover, for comparison purposes, a technique to assess the maximum allowed predistortion is proposed, related to the highest required quality factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In robust control problems, how to elicit and utilize the uncertainty information is the key in achieving a good robust performance. For passive uncertainties, the phase bound plays a fundamental role. For nonpassive uncertainties, the gain bound is used up to date. The former leads to the passivity approach and the later to the small‐gain approach. A recently developed bounded positive real model succeeded in extracting both the phase and the gain information from passive uncertainties. However, it is still not known how to model the phase bound of a nonpassive uncertainty. Aiming at achieving an even higher performance for nonpassive uncertain systems, this article proposes a new model together with a modeling procedure for a class of nonpassive uncertainties. This model well captures both the gain and the phase features of the nonpassive uncertainty. Further, a numerically tractable design method is developed by extending the passivity method. The advantage of the proposed method is demonstrated through a real‐world case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intentional correlation between the consciousness and the world is the central theme of phenomenology. Edmund Husserl has attempted to found this correlation by making explicit a previous passive vital course, teleologically oriented towards intentional activities. In this same task, Michel Henry has accentuated the pole of the immanence of correlation, founding the intentionality of consciousness in affective life. For their part, Jean-Luc Marion has emphasized the pole of the transcendence of correlation and has decentered the intentionality of consciousness, attending to the saturation of phenomena. In this work we intend to briefly go through the three paths indicated in search of the original proto-phenomenon of the experience, trying to contrast the proposals and glimpse possible convergences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I consider the gesture confronted with its own impos‑ sibility, in situations that open the gesture to a dimension of transcendence. Focusing first on the event of beauty, as it is discussed by Jean‑Louis Chrétien, and on the encountering of the face, as it is considered by Emmanuel Lévinas, this paper envisions a “below” and a “beyond” of the gesture, in exceptional situations where the gesture is faced with an excess, acquiring a dimension of a theopathy. Subsequently, I emphasize that the transcendence that takes gesture beyond itself can inhabit and nourish the daily gestures, and this can be an occasion of pain and difficulties. In this perspective, Simone Weil shows how the repeated gestures of manual labour can become the mirror of supernatural beauty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An observer-based active damping (AD) controller is proposed along with a unified design and implementation framework for LCL-equipped voltage source converters. The AD controller uses feedback of either of the converter-side current or the grid-side current along with that of the grid voltage. The state of the arts offer observer-based AD only for current-mode control and are limited by their inflexibility to be used in conjunction with established supplementary control methods or by the lack of damping efficacy for all configurations of LCL resonance frequency and the measured current (grid-side vs. converter-side). The proposed AD method is identically applicable for current-mode control and virtual oscillator control (VOC) where explicit voltage/current tracking loops are not used. The proposed AD controller thus overcomes a major limitation of VOC which otherwise offers robust synchronization in reduced/zero-inertia networks and enhanced fault ride-through capability. Simplified design guidelines are presented through comprehensive small-signal analysis including the observer dynamics. The proposed method is shown to be effective for both converter-side and grid-side current measurements irrespective of the LCL resonance frequency relative to the critical frequency. The analysis and design methods are validated through laboratory hardware experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The earth is the archetypal image of the origin of humanity, but throughout the history of Western culture it has given way to other, more heavenly allegories. Enlightenment as a paradigm of knowledge consolidated itself in Western philosophical thought in a very convincing way as a production of meanings. Through this rereading of the first Greek metaphysics, thought gradually distanced itself from its materiality, from its humanity, from the possibility of admiring the concrete world, getting closer and closer to the need to create abstract objects, which, as ethical limits, political, aesthetic and epistemological, we end up meeting again in our lives. Visibility seems to be the basis of a Western mental habitus: recognition, officiality, legitimacy and certainty become visible signs with which we compare and validate our own experiences. The earth, as a less transparent element, with greater ability to hide, occult, encrypt represents, however, an image that is better suited to the discussion plan proposed in this text. The relationship with reality, in terms of visibility and invisibility, requires a new perception of the world: the underlying structure no longer assumes a transcendent level, but is understood as a plane of immanence, in which meaning is interior, produced by compositions; an amalgam of networks that intertwine in an imperceptible, invisible underground plane. What we propose here is not a vertical perspective, but a horizontal one like the ground. It is from this earthly thought that we want to reflect on what happens in philosophy and childhood; in philosophy with childhood and in the childhood of philosophy. In the present attempt of an ecophilosophy of education, the discussion plan requires a deviation from the guiding images with which we learn to do research. The intention of the following investigation is to look for another type of map: a kind of subterranean cartography, which pays attention not to what we can see, which has well-defined names and categories, but to what is hidden and inhabits a plane that is muddy, earthly, indistinguishable and absolutely alive. According to the Lipmanian model of Philosophy for Children, the subterranean and rhizomatic processes of the research community will be examined, comparing them to other collective movements that characterize the vegetable communities of plants that inhabit the natural world. Finally, three concepts considered relevant to escape the limits found in some contemporary pedagogical postures will be illustrated, suggesting other paths in the relationship between philosophy, childhood and education: reciprocity, passivity and invisibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we address the problem of global asymptotic stability and strong passivity analysis of nonlinear time‐varying systems controlled by a second‐order vector differential equation. First, we obtain this equation from a nonlinear time varying network of the circuit theory. Then, we construct the Lyapunov candidate function directly from the physical meaning of the given system. By the way, we review a number of previous results from the point view of Lyapunov's direct method. Our system with its real energy function generalize and improve upon some well‐known studies. The new concept facilitates the formulation of the energy (Lyapunov) function from the power‐energy relationship of the given system. Then, we also realized that the time derivative of the Lyapunov function for a given dynamical systems is the negative value of the power dissipated in the system. Therefore, with the proposed approach, one can inspect the result of the time derivative of the energy function for a given physical system. Finally, two examples (one with simulations) are used to illustrate the superiority and validity of the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]