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Self-regulation refers to the capacity of a child to modify his or her behavior according to environmental demands. It strongly influences child's development, especially in the social sphere. From an evolutionary point of view, self-regulation, viewed as a temperamental characteristic, depends on biological and environmental factors, where the parental figures of the child play a crucial role. In the following study, an analysis of the relationship between mother's sensitivity when her child was 12 months old and the child's self-regulation at 12 months and 30 months of age was made. This was done to analyze if mother's sensitivity predicts child's self-regulation at 30 months of age. Also variables related to the family context were included, considering type of family, type of child and SES. The sample included 72 mother-child dyads, with a descriptive, longitudinal, comparative and correlational design. The Adult Sensitivity Scale, a socio-demographic questionnaire and the temperament questionnaires IBQ-R-VSF and ECBQ-VSF were used to obtain the data. The results show that there is a significant relationship between infants' self-regulation at 12 months, the type of child, and the interaction between SES and maternal sensitivity. At 30 months of age instead, additionally to the self-regulation at 12 months, only the type of child is a significant predictor. Further implications of these results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This study explores the differences between buyers and non-buyers in the adoption of electronic purchase intention in Colombia. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), a theoretical model that includes a set of five variables is established: performance expectations, effort expectations, social influence, facilitating conditions, and risk. The empirical results obtained from a final sample of 1,836 surveys emphasize the importance of performance expectations for both groups. Social Influence is another determinant of electronic purchase as well. In addition, an exploratory study of the moderating effect of the educational level and socioeconomic status for each group was performed, finding strong evidence of the influence of these demographic variables, which suggests that, as a conclusion that makes a great contribution to this country, access to electronic shopping is strongly related to educational level and socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paideia (0103863X) is the property of Paideia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychosocial Intervention is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A study was carried out to determine if the potentiating effects of early bilingualism in populations with Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) were maintained. A neuropsychological battery was administered to 122 adolescents from northern Argentina and southern Paraguay who included the task Stroop, Trail Making Test and Verbal Fluency Tests to evaluate the cognitive flexibility and executive control. The present study compared the participants' performance in four groups according to the socioeconomic level (with basic needs satisfied and unsatisfied) and early exposure to one or two languages (Spanish, Guarani-Spanish or Spanish-Guaraní). The results refuted the initial hypotheses because the monolingual participants performed better than the bilinguals and this difference was increased in the NBI groups. A new study is necessary to expand these findings and compare bilingual and monolingual of the same community because the differences found could be due to the characteristics of the different communities where they were worked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty has an impact on mental health and the counseling process in profound ways; however, counselors may fail to recognize the importance of poverty in clients' lives. The authors propose a model to help counselors navigate the complexities of counseling clients who are living in poverty. The I-CARE Model may help counselors develop insight about personal biases, acknowledge harsh realities of poverty, remove barriers to growth, and expand on the clients' own strengths. La pobreza tiene un profundo impacto sobre la salud mental y el proceso de consejería; sin embargo, es posible que los consejeros no reconozcan la importancia de la pobreza en las vidas de sus clientes. Los autores proponen un modelo para ayudar a los consejeros a comprender las complejidades de los clientes que viven en la probreza. El Modelo I-CARE puede ayudar a los consejeros a desarrollar su percepción de sesgos personales, reconocer las duras realidades de la probreza, eliminar barreras al crecimiento y ampliar las fortalezas de los clientes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educacao & Sociedade is the property of Centro de Estudos de Educacao e Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Perspectivas en Nutrición Humana is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of AIDS & Behavior is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are few studies on pathological gambling (PG) tests and prevalence for Colombian population. The aim of this paper was to obtain both psychometric properties of the Pathological Gambling Short Questionnaire (PGSQ), as well as to calculate the prevalence of pathological gambling (PG) for a non-randomized sample of university and technical courses from all Colombian capital cities. Results showed a PGSQ good internal reliability (0.74) and convergent validity with a cognitive distortions indicator -r(5618)= 0.462, p < 0.001-. The prevalence of possible pathological gamblers was similar to other studies which have used broader measures of pathological gambling (19.2%). Men, youngest people and members of low social class had higher scores in PG. According to these results, it should be confirmed PG prevalence with other measures, in order to boost legal and socio-health actions for prevention of PG in high risk groups and to know utility of PGSQ for Colombian clinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to analyse the prevalence of bullying/cyberbullying and to study the level of bullying/cyberbullying suffered, perpetrated and observed in public and private schools. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, the test "Cyberbullying: Screening of peer harassment" was administered to a sample of 1,993 pupils from the Basque Country attending 5rh and 6th grade of elementary school, 49% in public and 51% in private schools. The results revealed that: (1) There were no statistical differences between public or private schools in the percentage of pure-victims, pure-aggressors, bully-victims and observers either in bullying or in cyberbullying; (2) Nevertheless, when analyzing victims or petpetra tors in general (not just pure-victims/pure-aggressors), the percentage of students who had suffered physical, verbal, social and psychological abuse; who had physically and verbally assaulted others; and who had observed physical, verbal and psychological aggression was significantly higher in public schools; (3) In public schools, cybervictims suffered significantly more of four out of fifteen cyberbullying behabiours, and cyberobservers also witnessed one behaviour significantly more; (4) The level of abuse suffered in bullying/cyberbullying was significantly higher in public schools, as well as the level of aggressive behaviours observed in face-to-face aggressions. These results reveal that the type of school can be a relevant factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to assess the extent to which vulnerability in household material living conditions affects the institutional integration of young people of Argentina. We worked with a random sample of 4,855 youth aged between 18 and 25. It was observed that 66% of those who neither study nor work live in households having a low or very low socioeconomic status, with 4 out of 10 of these youth residing in shantytowns or slums and with half of them failing to complete high school. Harsh environments create a vicious circle of persistent passivity and isolation. However, the comparison between the NiNis and the working segment allowed us to conclude that similar household levels of socio-economic vulnerability are not necessarily sufficient to explain the situation of social disaffiliation found in these youth NiNis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La presente investigación buscó aportar en el conocimiento de la posible asociación entre factores neuropsicológicos, procesos cognitivos y procesos de la lectura, en niños de dos niveles socioeconómicos en el Callao, Perú. Se usó un diseño descriptivo correlacional examinándose a 60 niños de escuela privada y pública de niveles socioeconómicos medio alto B y muy bajo E; con la Prueba neuropsicológica infantil de Quintanar- Solovieva, el WISC- IV (test de inteligencia de Weschler) y la Prueba de evaluación de lectura PROLEC- R de Cuetos. Al final, se halló asociación de diverso tipo entre diversos factores neuropsicológicos, procesos cognitivos y procesos de la lectura en los niños de la muestra; así como un rendimiento diferenciado en procesos cognitivos e inteligencia, y en procesos de la lectura a favor de los niños del nivel socioeconómico medio alto B.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer si existen diferencias en los procesos psicológicos de la lectura según el nivel socioeconómico y género en 965 estudiantes de 1° a 6° grado de primaria de escuelas particulares y estatales del Callao. Para dicho fin se adaptó y crearon baremos para la batería de evaluación de los procesos lectores-revisada (PROLEC-R) de Cuetos, et al. (2007). Se empleó un diseño descriptivo comparativo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas según nivel socioeconómico en todos los grados en comprensión de textos y comprensión oral, además en identificación de letras y comprensión de oraciones (excepto en el 6°) y en signos de puntuación (excepto en segundo grado). No se hallaron diferencias en la tarea de identificar palabras “igual-diferente” y lectura de palabras (excepto en 1°) y en lectura de pseudopalabras (excepto 1° y 3°) y estructuras gramaticales (excepto 1° y 2°). En cuanto al género, se halló diferencias en comprensión oral a favor de los varones. Se elaboraron puntuaciones normativas encontrándose un rendimiento más bajo en todos los procesos psicológicos de la lectura en el nivel socioeconómico E.

La violencia de hijos a padres denominada violencia filio-parental (VFP) ha sido interés de estudio para diversos autores. Este estudio evidenció la prevalencia de la VFP en sus tres tipos, psicológica, física y económica. Un total de 182 adolescentes (71 hombres y 111 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 18 años de edad de distintos niveles socioeconómicos a quienes se les aplico un cuestionario (Calvete et al 2013) para identificar la agresión análisis indicaron que la violencia más ejercida por parte de los adolescentes es la psicológica sobre el 90%, seguida de violencia económica sobre un 30%, la presencia de este tipo de agresión se presenta en todos los niveles socioeconómicos aunque con mayor porcentaje en el nivel socioeconómico medio.

Objetivos: Relacionar o nível socioeconómico com a acessibilidade aos cuidados de saúde primários em quatro Unidades de Saúde Familiar (USF), nas dimensões que surgem após a perceção, por parte dos utentes, da necessidade de cuidados de saúde: capacidade e acomodação, esforço financeiro e adequabilidade. Tipo de Estudo: Estudo observacional descritivo, transversal e analítico. Local: USF Brás-Oleiro, USF São Pedro da Cova, USF Bracara Augusta e USF Prelada. População: Utentes com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, inscritos nas USFs supracitadas há mais de doze meses, pertencentes às listas dos orientadores de formação das investigadoras e com pelo menos um contacto com a sua USF nos últimos 24 meses. Métodos: Estudo realizado entre abril e dezembro de 2014 através da aplicação de um questionário por via telefónica. Cada uma das dimensões da acessibilidade foi avaliada através de um score global que foi posteriormente relacionado com o nível socioeconómico da população em estudo. Foram utilizados os testes estatísticos do Qui-Quadrado, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis e a correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Dos 1.250 utentes selecionados, 692 (55,4%) responderam ao questionário. Verificou-se existirem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as USF relativamente a cada score (p < 0,05). A escolaridade, o rendimento, o número de elementos do agregado familiar e a situação de isenção apresentaram correlação estatisticamente significativa com todos os scores. Constatou-se que a idade, a situação profissional, o estado geral de saúde e a duração da relação do utente com o seu médico de família se correlacionaram de forma estatisticamente significativa com os scores «Capacidade e Acomodação» (p < 0,05) e «Adequabilidade» (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Globalmente, o presente estudo permitiu inferir que, para a população analisada, um nível socioeconómico mais desfavorecido e uma pior perceção do estado de saúde se correlacionaram com uma maior acessibilidade, fundamentalmente no que diz respeito à Capacidade e Acomodação e Adequabilidade.

INTRODUCCIÓN: : la oclusión dental hace referencia a la relación que guardan los dientes entre sí en estado de reposo, la cual puede verse alterada por múltiples factores. El estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar la prevalencia de maloclusiones dentales y su posible relación con la edad, el sexo y el nivel socioeconómico, en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios. MÉTODOS: la encuesta epidemiológica se desarrolló en dos momentos: la aplicación de un cuestionario y el examen bucal, para tal fin dos examinadoras fueron estandarizadas (Cr = 0,03, Ca = 0,89, k = 0,902). RESULTADOS: : el 47,7% de los estudiantes correspondió a la clase media. El 13,2% presentó normoclusión y 86.8% maloclusión dental. Su distribución por edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En relación con los tipos de maloclusión la más frecuente fue la clase I (37,3%), frecuencia que resultó ser menor a lo esperado, con base en el comportamiento de este mismo evento en poblaciones similares. CONCLUSIÓN: lo único que mostró el comportamiento observado, es que el nivel socioeconómico no es un factor que se encuentre asociado a la frecuencia del tipo de oclusión dental en esta población, por lo que abre las expectativas para que se explore en función de otros, tales como los de tipo cultural y educativo.

OBJETIVO: Identificar padrões alimentares de adolescentes e sua associação com características socioeconômicas, estilo de vida e estado nutricional. MÉTODOS: Investigou-se amostra probabilística de estudantes entre 14 a 19 anos de idade do ensino médio público e privado de Cuiabá/Mato Grosso (n = 1.139). Os dados foram coletados em sala de aula utilizando-se questionário autoaplicado. Para a obtenção de dados de consumo alimentar, aplicou-se questionário de frequência alimentar semiquantitativo. O estado nutricional foi classificado pelo escore z do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC = peso/estatura²). Para a classificação socioeconômica considerou-se a escolaridade do chefe da família e a presença de bens e equipamentos no domicílio. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados por meio da análise fatorial exploratória (método de extração: análise de componentes principais) e sua associação com as características socioeconômicas, estilo de vida e estado nutricional foi estimada por modelos de regressão linear múltipla mutuamente ajustados para os outros padrões. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados três padrões alimentares: "ocidental", "tradicional" e "misto". Estudar no turno vespertino e consumir bebidas alcoólicas foram associados (p < 0,05) a maior aderência ao padrão "ocidental". Meninos de escolas públicas, com menor poder aquisitivo e IMC na faixa de normalidade aderiam ao padrão "tradicional". O padrão "misto" foi adotado pelos meninos, estudantes de escolas públicas e que relataram prática de atividade física. CONCLUSÃO: Em adolescentes, vários fatores se associam aos padrões alimentares, mas destacamos que o consumo dos alimentos tradicionais da dieta brasileira associou-se ao IMC na faixa de normalidade.OBJECTIVE: To identify dietary patterns among adolescents and to assess their association with socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics and nutritional status. METHODS: A probabilistic clustered two-stage sample of students between 14 and 19 years old from public and private high schools from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, was investigated (n = 1.139). A self-administered food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain information on food intake. Nutritional status was classified according to the Body Mass Index (BMI = weight/height²) z-score. Socioeconomic status was inferred by the education level of head of household and by the presence of electrical appliances in the household. Dietary patterns were identified by applying exploratory factor analysis (extraction method: principal component analysis) and their relationship with socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle variables, and nutritional status was estimated by mutually adjusted multilinear regression models. RESULTS: "Western", "traditional" and "mixed" dietary patterns were identified. Studying in the morning hours and reporting the intake of alcoholic beverages were associated with greater adherence to the "Western" pattern. Male low-income students from public schools who have a BMI in the normal range preferred the "traditional" pattern. The "mixed" pattern was adopted by boys from public schools reporting physical activity. CONCLUSION: Several factors were associated with dietary patterns of adolescents and the Brazilian traditional diet was associated with normal weight.

Se analizaron las pautas del desarrollo morfológico en dos muestras de niños hispanohablantes con diferentes niveles socioeconómicos a quienes se les aplicó la SPELT-II. También se estudió si la prueba es útil para evaluar el desarrollo morfológico entre cuatro y diez años de edad. Los resultados mostraron que no existen diferencias significativas entre ambos niveles socioeconómicos. Con esta prueba y sólo con ciertas estructuras, el desarrollo puede observarse entre los cuatro y seis años, pero no en edades posteriores. Las implicaciones tienen un impacto en el trabajo de investigadores y clínicos en contacto con niños con y sin trastorno de lenguaje.

El presente estudio tiene dos objetivos: 1) analizar el nivel de alfabetización científica y las actitudes hacia la ciencia que presentan los estudiantes de secundaria, estableciendo comparaciones por sexo y nivel socioeconómico (NSE), y 2) evaluar la relación entre alfabetización científica y actitudes hacia la ciencia. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: una prueba de alfabetización científica basada en la taxonomía de Bybee (1997) y el Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA, “Escala de actitudes relacionadas con la ciencia”) (Fraser, 1981). Se administraron ambos instrumentos a 674 estudiantes de escuelas científico-humanistas de la Región Metropolitana (Chile) provenientes de distintos NSE. Se llevaron a cabo análisis de tipo descriptivo e inferenciales tales como Prueba t, Chi-cuadrado, Anova y correlaciones de Pearson. Los resultados muestran la predominancia de un nivel funcional de alfabetización científica y actitudes hacia la ciencia moderadamente favorables. Los análisis comparativos expresan niveles de alfabetización científica y actitudes hacia la ciencia más positivos mientras más alto es el NSE. En cambio, no se observaron diferencias por sexo para ninguno de los dos ámbitos medidos. Los análisis correlacionales evidencian una relación positiva entre la alfabetización científica y las actitudes hacia la ciencia, aunque de magnitud moderada.

É consenso na literatura de avaliação educacional que o nível socioeconômico dos alunos é o fator mais importante para explicar, em determinado ponto no tempo, as variações nos resultados escolares dos alunos avaliados pelo Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica - Saeb. Não se sabe, porém, em que medida a mudança temporal nas condições socioeconômicas influenciou a mudança na média e na distribuição do desempenho escolar entre os diversos ciclos do Saeb. Para investigar esta questão, utilizamos o método de decomposição contrafactual desenvolvido por Juhn, Murphy e Pierce (1993), que permite isolar a contribuição da variação na composição e retorno do nível socioeconômico sobre a variação na média e distribuição do desempenho escolar. Foram empregados os dados do Saeb de 1997 a 2005, para a coorte de alunos da 4ª série do ensino fundamental avaliados em matemática. Os principais resultados mostram que o aumento na cobertura escolar no final dos anos 1990 reduziu o nível socioeconômico médio dos alunos e colaborou para diminuir a média e elevar a desigualdade entre os resultados escolares (efeito composição). Ao mesmo tempo, houve redução na sensibilidade do desempenho escolar ao nível socioeconômico (efeito retorno). Este achado tem implicações ambíguas: por um lado, contribui para reduzir o aproveitamento escolar médio e, por outro, colabora para equalizar a distribuição dos escores entre 1997 e 2005.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar a prevalência de fatores de riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes escolares de diferentes classes econômicas. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 1.021 adolescentes. Os indivíduos foram pesados e tiveram sua altura e circunferência abdominal medidos, além da sua pressão arterial aferida. A prática de atividade física e condição socioeconômica foram relatadas. Os resultados foram avaliados pela utilização da frequência das variáveis e pelo teste do qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Observou-se menor prevalência de sedentarismo (p < 0,001) e maiores prevalências de obesidade abdominal (p = 0,038) e de sobrepeso (p = 0,010) entre adolescentes da classe econômica alta. Não houve diferença de prevalência de pressão arterial elevada entre adolescentes da classe econômica baixa e alta. Quando os fatores de risco cardiovasculares foram agregados, a prevalência também foi maior na classe econômica alta para um ou dois fatores de risco. CONCLUSÃO: Com exceção do sedentarismo e da pressão arterial elevada, a prevalência de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares foi maior na classe econômica alta.OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among school students of different economic conditions. METHODS: A total of 1,021 adolescents were analyzed. Subjects were weighed and had their height, waist circumference and blood pressure measured. Both physical activity and economic condition (low and high) were reported. Results were analyzed through frequencies of variables and the chi-square test. RESULTS: A lower prevalence of physical inactivity (p < 0.001) and higher prevalences of abdominal obesity (p = 0.038) and overweight (p = 0.010) were observed among adolescents of high economic class. No differences regarding high blood pressure were observed among adolescents of low and high economic classes. When cardiovascular risk factors were aggregated, the prevalence of one and two factors was also higher among high economic class adolescents. CONCLUSION: With the exception of physical inactivity and high blood pressure, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was higher among high economic status adolescents.

Determinar a prevalência de anemia e hipovitaminose A e analisar a associação da (in)segurança alimentar com os níveis de hemoglobina e retinol sérico de menores de 5 anos. Estudo transversal, realizado com 501 e 458 famílias em Gameleira e São João do Tigre, respectivamente. A avaliação da (in)segurança alimentar foi realizada através da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Os níveis de hemoglobina e retinol sérico foram classificados de acordo com a OMS. Foram analisadas as associações com os indicadores socioeconômicos, habitação e biológicos sobre os níveis de hemoglobina e retinol sérico. As prevalências de anemia e hipovitaminose A foram mais elevadas em Gameleira quando comparadas com São João do Tigre. A (in)segurança alimentar moderada e grave das famílias foi de 75% em Gameleira e 64% em São João do Tigre. Na análise de regressão para os níveis de hemoglobina em Gameleira foram identificadas como significantes: escolaridade materna, renda familiar per capita, não possuir TV colorida, água de consumo sem tratamento, piso de barro e idade abaixo de 24 meses, enquanto para São João do Tigre o modelo final ficou resumido à falta de motocicleta e idade da criança. Quanto aos teores de retinol sérico, o modelo final de variáveis associadas ficou sendo renda per capita e sexo para Gameleira, e ausência de telefone celular e de esgotamento sanitário para São João do Tigre. A situação nutricional dessas populações, com prevalências semelhantes de insegurança alimentar, pode apresentar grandes diferenciações, sobretudo na prevalência de carências nutricionais específicas, especialmente, em relação aos fatores determinantes.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and vitamin A deficiency and to analyze the association of food insecurity with hemoglobin levels and serum retinol in children under 5 years of age. This was a cross-sectional study with 501 families from Gameleira and 458 families from São João do Tigre. Food insecurity was assessed according to the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Hemoglobin and serum retinol levels were classified according to the WHO. Socioeconomic and environmental conditions and biological indicators of children were analyzed as hemoglobin and serum retinol determinants. The prevalence of anemia and vitamin A was higher in Gameleira compared to São João do Tigre. Moderate and severe food insecurity of families was 75% in Gameleira and 64% in São João do Tigre. Maternal education, per capita family income, not having a color TV, untreated water supply, type of flooring (dirt), and child age (< 2 years) in Gameleira were associated with hemoglobin levels in the linear regression analysis. In São João do Tigre the association with hemoglobin levels was only for (no) motorcycle and child age. Variables per capita family income and sex in Gameleira and no mobile phone and lack of sanitation in São João do Tigre were statistically associated with serum retinol levels. The nutritional status of these populations is similar in terms of food insecurity but may present great differences in terms of the prevalence of specific nutritional deficits and their determinants.

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo comparativo con el objetivo de explorar diferencias en los estilos de pensamiento en una muestra de adolescentes estudiantes de quinto año de educación secundaria de Lima Metropolitana provenientes de diferentes niveles socioeconómicos. Los instrumentos utilizados para el estudio fueron el Cuestionario de estilo de pensamiento de Sternberg-Wagner forma corta, y la escala socioeconómica. Los resultados muestran que los estilos de pensamiento mejor valorados son el legislativo, externo y liberal, mientras que los estilos menos valorados son el estilo oligárquico, el interno y el conservador. Se identificaron diferencias entre los alumnos de diferentes niveles socioeconómicos en cuanto a los estilos de pensamiento legislativo, ejecutivo, monárquico, anárquico, jerárquico, oligárquico, global, local, interno, externo, liberal y conservador. Así mismo, en la comparación por género se identificaron diferencias significativas entre varones y mujeres en los estilos legislativo, ejecutivo, judicial, monárquico, jerárquico, local, externo, liberal y conservador.

Excess weight is associated with various factors, including socioeconomic level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between overweight and obesity and socioeconomic level in children aged 6.0-7.9 years from Maringá, Paraná. Body mass index (BMI) was used for the assessment of nutritional status. Family socioeconomic status was classified based on the proposal of the Brazilian Association of Research Companies (ABEP), and the originally proposed classes were regrouped into high (A1, A2, and B1), medium (B2, C1, and C2) and low (D and E) socioeconomic level. The data were analyzed statistically with the SPSS 13.0 program using nonparametric tests and odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 1,634 children from 24 public and private schools (mean age: 7.1 ± 0.5 years, 50.8% girls) were studied. No significant difference in BMI was observed between boys and girls with overweight and obesity. The prevalence of excess weight (overweight + obesity) was 22.3% and 21.9% among boys and girls, respectively. There was no significant association between excess weight and gender. However, children of high socioeconomic level had a 28% higher chance of excess weight than those of low level. In conclusion, in this study both boys and girls were equally affected by excess weight, with a higher prevalence among boys. Children from families of lower socioeconomic levels presented a lower chance of excess weight.

Considerando que o contexto econômico influencia o brincar de crianças, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as diferenças entre os brinquedos utilizados por crianças de duas diferentes classes socioeconômicas. Os dados foram coletados junto a 50 mães de crianças com idade entre três e seis anos, metade pertencentes à classe econômica A2 (Grupo 2), e a outra metade pertencente à classe econômica D (Grupo 1), segundo o Critério Brasil. Os resultados apontam para a existência de diferenças significativas quanto ao uso do computador (p=0,000), jogos de tabuleiro (p=0,023), jogos de armar (p=0,042) e jogo de botão (p=0,012), mais presentes no Grupo 2, e quanto ao uso de brinquedos de corda (p=0,005), brinquedos de sucata (p=0,000) e pular corda (p=0,021), mais presentes no Grupo 1. Os resultados sugerem certa influência socioeconômica no brincar de crianças pré-escolares.

OBJETIVO: Investigar comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares (TA) em adolescentes de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos. MÉTODO: 183 adolescentes do sexo feminino de 15 a 18 anos de duas escolas (pública e particular) foram avaliadas quanto à renda e escolaridade dos pais, estado nutricional, comportamentos de risco para TA (Teste de Atitudes Alimentares - EAT-26), atitudes socioculturais quanto à aparência (Escala das Atitudes Socioculturais Voltadas para Aparência - SATAQ-3), percepção corporal (escala de silhuetas) e uso de dietas. RESULTADOS: A média do escore do EAT-26, assim como a porcentagem de adolescentes consideradas de risco foram semelhantes entre as escolas (p >0,05). No escore do SATAQ-3, verificou-se na escola particular um valor maior que da pública (p0,05), e as que apresentaram sobrepeso/obesidade tiveram escores maiores no EAT-26. Metade das adolescentes das escolas já fez dieta, sendo que a frequência do uso de dietas esteve associada com o maior escore do EAT-26. CONCLUSÕES: Comportamentos de risco foram encontrados em grande parte da população estudada, mas esses não estiveram associados com o nível socioeconômico.OBJECTIVE: To investigate eating disorders (ED) risk behaviors at adolescents from different socioeconomic status. METHOD: 183 girls 15-18 years old from two schools (public and private) were evaluated about parent's education and income, nutritional status, ED risk behavior (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26), sociocultural attitudes toward appearance (SATAQ-3), corporal perception (silhouettes scale) and dieting. RESULTS: Mean score of EAT-26, as well as percentage of risky girls were similar at both schools (p >0.05). At SATAQ-3 score, it was noticed a higher value at private school compared to public one (p0.05), and girls who were overweight/obese had a higher score at EAT-26. Half of the girls from both schools have already diet, and dieting frequency was associated with a higher score at EAT-26. CONCLUSIONS: Risky behaviors were found at most of the studied population, however these were not associated with socioeconomic status.