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Integrating vendors' and buyers' production-inventory systems can significantly reduce the total costs incurred by both parties. In this paper, we study the synchronised multi-vendor multiple-buyer integrated production-inventory system with a production flow where the lot sizes follow a geometric sequence. We model this new problem with the objective to minimise the total cost incurred by the vendors and the buyers and determine the optimal production shipment policy. The computational experiments realised on real case study show the efficiency of the developed model for optimising production shipment and synchronisation of vendor-buyer inventories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forming product platforms is an effective strategy to offer products variety economically. The short products life span and new variants pose a challenge to designing platforms, which satisfy the changing customer demands. There is a need to design platforms that can adapt to changes. In addition, it is important to account for the partially completed platforms inventory held in each production period which could be utilised in subsequent production periods. An important contribution of this work is the use of combined additive and subtractive manufacturing in customising the product platform by adding and/or removing features to suit the changing product features and demands for different product variants. In this paper, a holistic non-linear model is presented for designing optimal multi-period additive/subtractive product platforms and managing their inventory. The model provides the optimal product platform design for each production period, macro process plans for customisation, the number of each platform stored as inventory, and the product variant platform assignment. The initial model is subsequently linearised to reduce computation time. A gear shaft family of products is used as a demonstration example. The model redesigns the product platform as needed to meet the changing demand of each product variant while minimising the costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate a two-level supply chain consisting of a company which manufactures a set of products and distributes them via its central warehouse to a set of customers. The problem is modelled as a dynamic and stochastic inventory routing problem (DSIRP) that considers two flexible instruments of transshipment and substitution to mitigate shortages at the customer level. A new resolution approach, based on the hybridisation of mathematical modelling, Genetic Algorithm and Deep Reinforcement Learning is proposed to handle the combinatorial complexity of the problem at hand. Tested on the 150 most commonly used benchmark instances for single-vehicle-product DSIRP, results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the current best results in the literature for medium and large instances. Moreover, 450 additional instances for multi-products DSIRP are generated. Different demand distributions are examined in these experiments, namely, Normal distribution, Poisson distribution for demand occurrence, combined with demands of constant size; Stuttering Poisson distribution and Negative Binomial distribution. In terms of managerial insights, results show the advantages of promoting inventory sharing and substitutions on the overall supply chain performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada's National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) is part of a global network of over 50 national Pollutant Release and Transfer Registries. These registries track industrial pollutant releases into the air, water, and land, and transfer and disposal of pollutants to various waste management practices. Despite the NPRI being a long-standing public dataset that can speak directly to Canadian progress on various reductions in chemical releases and waste generation sought by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12, its data on pollutant transfers and disposals is so far overlooked in tracking SDG progress. This study aims to uncover the potential of this waste-related data to provide meaningful measures of progress toward SDG 12 using two case studies (on the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal and the Minamata Convention on Mercury) and a framework by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to do so. The findings challenge the premise that progress in the current SDG 12.4 indicator (number of parties to international chemical agreements that transmit required information) also leads to progress on overall SDG 12.4 waste-related aims. This analysis sets a precedent for using publicly available PRTR data from any country to monitor progress toward SDG 12 waste-related objectives, opening up new possibilities for more accurate global tracking of this SDG.

The phonology of several Kuki-Chin (South Central Trans-Himalayan) languages have been described well, and there are fragmentary sketches of numerous others. Extensive diachronic work has also been done for the languages of this group. However, there is no comprehensive survey of the synchronic phonologies of Kuki-Chin languages. This chapter attempts to fill that gap so that researchers working on one of these languages, or doing broader typological surveys, can easily grasp the broad sound patterns in, and phonological questions raised by, Kuki-Chin. The chapter covers syllable structure, onsets, rhymes, and morphophonology. Onsets and rhymes are illustrated with complete inventories for Proto-Kuki-Chin and six attested Kuki-Chin languages from various subgroups (Falam, Mara, Thado, Daai, Lemi, Sorbung, and Monsang) and a comparative perspective on each of these inventories. This is followed by a discussion of the broader issues in Kuki-Chin sound inventories and phonotactics. These issues include laryngeal contrasts in obstruents and sonorants, the special status of glottal stop, and vowel length distinctions. A range of morphophonological alternations are then addressed, including the widespread phenomenon of non-final shortening (illustrated with observations from Thado, Daai, Sorbung, Falam, and Zophei) and vowel harmony (attested in at least Lamkang and Hyow). Apophony in stem form alterations and transitivity alternations is also discussed, drawing largely on data from Hakha Lai.

A common practice in inventory systems with several customers requiring differentiated service levels is to group them into two or three classes, where a customer class is a group of customers with the same preset service level in terms of product availability. However, there is no evidence that grouping customers into two or three classes is optimal in terms of the ordering policy parameters. This paper studies the effect of the number of customer classes on the inventory level of a single-period inventory system with stochastic demand and individual service-level requirements from multiple customer classes. Using a Sample Average Approximation approach, we formulate computationally tractable multi-class service level models, under responsive and anticipative priority policies in cases of shortage, as mixed integer linear problems (MIPs). The effect of the number of classes on the inventory level is determined using a round-up aggregation scheme; i.e., given a sufficiently large initial number of classes, it is reduced by adding the lower service level classes to the next higher class. We analytically characterize the optimal inventory level under responsive and anticipative priority policies as a function of the initial number of classes and the number of classes grouped based on the round-up aggregation scheme. Under a responsive priority policy, we show that there is an optimal number of classes, while under an anticipative priority policy, the optimal number of classes is equal to the initial number of classes. The effect of free-riders resulting from the round-up aggregation scheme on the optimal inventory level is studied through numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leveraging high performance computing, remote sensing, geographic data science, machine learning, and computer vision, Oak Ridge National Laboratory has partnered with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to build a baseline structure inventory covering the US and its territories to support disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. The dataset contains more than 125 million structures with critical attribution, and is ready to be used by federal agencies, local government and first responders to accelerate on-the-ground response to disasters, further identify vulnerable areas, and develop strategies to enhance the resilience of critical structures and communities. Data can be freely and openly accessed through Figshare data repository, ESRI's Living Atlas or FEMA's Geodata platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Follow-up after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer can be divided into oncological and functional surveillance. It remains unclear how follow-up after RC should ideally be scheduled. The aim of this report was to gain insight into the organization of follow-up after RC in Europe, for which we conducted a roundtable inventory within the EAU Young Academic Urologists Urothelial Cancer working group. Methods: An inventory semi-structured survey was performed among urologists of the EAU Young Academic Urologists Urothelial Cancer working group to describe the organization of follow-up. The surveys were analyzed using a deductive approach. Similarities and differences in follow-up after RC for bladder cancer were described. Results: The survey included 11 urologists from six different European countries. An institutional follow-up scheme was used by six (55%); three (27%) used a national or international guideline, and two (18%) indicated that there was no defined follow-up scheme. Major divergent aspects included the time points of follow-up, the frequency, and the end of follow-up. Six centers (55%) adopted a risk-adapted follow-up approach tailored to (varying) patient and tumor characteristics. Laboratory tests and CT scans were used in all cases; however, the intensity and frequency varied. Functional follow-up overlapped with oncological follow-up in terms of frequency and duration. Patient-reported outcome measures were only used by two (18%) urologists. Conclusions: Substantial variability exists across European centers regarding the follow-up after RC for bladder cancer. This highlights the need for an international analysis focusing on its organization and content as well as on opportunities to improve patients' needs during follow-up after RC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we consider a make-to-stock queueing system with retrial customers. Upon their arrival, customers make a decision to either join the system or not based on a reward–cost function. If customers join the retrial queue, they become repeat customers. Each repeat customer repeats their demand after an exponential amount of time until they have been successfully served. We explore the equilibrium strategies of customers in both the almost observable and unobservable cases. Furthermore, we also analyze the expected costs of the entire system based on the customers' behavior in these two cases. Additionally, we determine the optimal inventory levels in both cases through numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In August 2023, Southern Norway experienced a severe rainstorm that caused landslides and flooding, resulting in significant damage. Thousands of people were evacuated, and major roads and railways were closed. The storm is estimated to be the most expensive natural disaster in Norway. The Norwegian Directorate of Water and Energy Resources collected landslide data using various methods but found that the current database has a bias towards major transport networks, limiting its accuracy. The article discusses the challenges faced in creating an accurate landslide inventory and suggests future research directions. Another study focused on mapping rainfall-triggered landslides using satellite images and validation through other sources. This approach increased the number of detected landslides significantly compared to ground-based observations. The study also identified limitations in mapping accuracy due to cloud cover and delays in data availability. Future work will focus on developing an automatic landslide detection system using deep learning and radar-based remote sensing. [Extracted from the article]

An abundance of sugar palm trees can be found in the Cimantaja Resort Area, where all stands in Cimantaja's Resort are stands that grow naturally/wildly, and without any planting or cultivation activities. The aim of this study to estimate the potential (number of individual, inventory of regeneration number and stand productivity) of sugar palm stands. The methods used in estimating the potential in question are interviews and standing inventory. This research was able to show that there was a large potential for stands from the level of poles and unproductive trees with a percentage of 84% being productive trees. In the standing inventory, the regeneration level decreased in value starting from the seedling level to the trees with the sustainable category. Stand productivity in terms of age and time class, the total potential for palm sugar from the four largest villages is in the class of age 12-15 class year of 100,933 kg/year with 189 trees, but the total production from a range of age aren, 8-11 class year had percentage of 56% contribute all of the yields. The conclusion of this study stated that Aren has a large potential for stands to be utilized and able to support the economy of aren farmers in the future which of course needs to be supported by the treatment and knowledge of farmers about palm tree cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a general, integrated production, quality, and condition-based maintenance model for imperfect processes with multiple out-of-control operating states. The production system is subject to multiple quality disruptions, which affect both the process mean and variance, and failures. The quality of the production process output is monitored by a fully adaptive control scheme, and the state of deterioration is estimated through periodic sampling inspection. The proposed control scheme's operation is modeled through a Markov chain, and the optimal quality control, maintenance, and inventory policy are defined based on an expected total cost minimization criterion. Finally, an illustrative example is employed to demonstrate the operation of the proposed model, sensitivity analysis is conducted to generate insights into how the process parameters misspecification affects the economic performance, and a comparative study is performed to evaluate the model's superiority against the respective single quality shift model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing warehouses is necessary in societies where commercial activities have grown to the extent that efficient storage becomes a prerequisite for seamless exchange. Variable holding cost is a pivotal factor influencing warehouse costs, as is the dynamic nature of holding expenses, which tend to increase over time. This study focuses on an inventory model designed for goods subject to degradation, stored across two distinct warehouses (rented and owned) within a partial backlogging and inflationary economic environment. The cost associated with holding these goods is linearly dependent on time. The demand pattern in the inventory model for goods follows an exponential trajectory over time. The primary objective of the proposed model is to forecast the optimal quantity and the corresponding timeframe, thereby minimizing the overall cost. Rigorous validation of the model's outcomes is undertaken through sensitivity analysis utilizing MATLAB R2017b software, ensuring the robustness and reliability of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines several papers to study inventory models with back orders to provide a simpler solution procedure for EOQ/EPQ inventory models by using Arithmetic Geometric Mean inequality or Cauchy Bunyakovsky Schwarz inequality. We will point out that a paper implicitly adopted the fill rate from a published article without proper citation to convert two-variable minimum problems into one-variable problems. Hence, his simpler solution procedure is standing on the shoulder of a giant. We also provide detailed examinations for other three related papers that was related to our studied article to point out their contributions and questionable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper investigates the impact of special replenishing modes within a 2-echelon inventory system under seasonal demand. Within this system, a periodic-review base-stock policy is employed. Two special replenishing modes are considered: emergency and transshipment in addition to a regular mode. The regular mode serves as the primary replenishment method, while emergency and transshipment modes, characterized by shorter lead times and higher costs, are reserved to prevent stockouts. It specifically examines the differences in outcomes between static and dynamic ordering policies for these special modes. Design/methodology/approach: Methodologies to determine static and dynamic policies of two special replenishments: emergency and transshipment are proposed. Both emergency and transshipment replenishments are based on (R, s, S). A simulation method was used to evaluate the proposed policies. Findings: Special modes can be used to maintain service level while utilizing a lower safety stock, thereby reducing overall holding cost. The 60% higher frequency of emergency orders under static policies compared to dynamic policies leads to a lower number of transshipment orders. For short cycles with high per-period demand variability, the gap between static and dynamic policies shrinks, making static policies a viable, less-complex alternative. Levels of demand fluctuations between periods impact a policy choice. While dynamic policies may not provide a distinct advantage over static policies in low-fluctuation scenarios, they can yield cost savings in high-fluctuation environments, albeit with increased effort. Practical implications: The result from this paper can be adopted to a 2-echelon inventory system with multiple replenishing modes under seasonal demand. It can help inventory managers choose the appropriate policy for their situation. Originality/value: This paper provides managerial insights regarding the circumstances in which static policy or dynamic policy should be applied and explores the relationship between regular and special replenishing modes in various circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coping Inventory for Children and Adolescents during the Pandemic Lockdown (CICAP-11), that assesses coping strategies employed by children and adolescents when faced with pandemic-related home confinement. The CICAP-11 and other measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms were completed online by 467 children's parents between the ages of 3 and 18 (45.4% female). The development of the inventory was based on relevant previous studies and expert criteria. Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM), the factor structure was found to have three factors: task-oriented, emotion-oriented, and avoidance-oriented coping strategies, measured by 11 items. The subscales showed good reliability and evidence of validity. This research provides initial evidence of the CICAP-11, indicating that it may be useful for clinicians and researchers in identifying and addressing coping strategies used by children and adolescents when dealing with pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have shown that emission inventories are one of the inputs with the most critical influences on the results of air quality modelling. Comparing emission inventories among themselves is, therefore, essential to build confidence in emission estimates. In this work, we extend the approach of Thunis et al. (2022) to compare emission inventories by building a benchmark that serves as a reference for comparisons. This benchmark is an ensemble that is based on three state-of-the-art EU-wide inventories: CAMS-REG, EMEP and EDGAR. The ensemble-based methodology screens differences between inventories and the ensemble. It excludes differences that are not relevant and identifies among the remaining ones those that need special attention. We applied the ensemble-based screening to both an EU-wide and a local (Poland) inventory. The EU-wide analysis highlighted a large number of inconsistencies. While the origin of some differences between EDGAR and the ensemble can be identified, their magnitude remains to be explained. These differences mostly occur for SO 2 (sulfur oxides), PM (particulate matter) and NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic carbon) for the industrial and residential sectors and reach a factor of 10 in some instances. Spatial inconsistencies mostly occur for the industry and other sectors. At the local scale, inconsistencies relate mostly to differences in country sectorial shares that result from different sectors/activities being accounted for in the two types of inventories. This is explained by the fact that some emission sources are omitted in the local inventory due to a lack of appropriate geographically allocated activity data. We identified sectors and pollutants for which discussion between local and EU-wide emission compilers would be needed in order to reduce the magnitude of the observed differences (e.g. in the residential and industrial sectors). The ensemble-based screening proved to be a useful approach to spot inconsistencies by reducing the number of necessary inventory comparisons. With the progressive resolution of inconsistencies and associated inventory improvements, the ensemble will improve. In this sense, we see the ensemble as a useful tool to motivate the community around a single common benchmark and monitor progress towards the improvement of regionally and locally developed emission inventories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate reliable and validated temporomandibular disorder (TMD) diagnostic instruments for use as diagnostic tools in epidemiological surveys. Methods: Two independent reviewers performed searches in the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify validation studies of diagnostic and screening instruments for TMD published up to March 2021. Results: Sixteen studies were included for the systematic review. Different TMD instruments were evaluated, such as FAI, RDC/TMD, DC/TMD, Helkimo Index, and AAOP Questionnaire. The instruments differed according to the number of items. Some questionnaires appear to be effective for the initial screening of TMD patients and can be incorporated in clinical practice and epidemiological studies since they are easy and fast to apply. Conclusion: To provide an accurate TMD diagnosis, it is important to use instruments that involve a clinical examination. Authors suggest the development of a new validated diagnostic tool for use in epidemiological surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes two algorithms for dual sourcing inventory systems with Tailored Base-Surge policies. The first algorithm solves a system of linear equations to calculate inventory positions, performance measures and their derivatives, and the second algorithm then uses them in the gradient-based type of method to find the optimal Tailored Base-Surge policy. Numerical experiments show that the two algorithms work well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem definition: Inaccurate records of inventory occur frequently and, by some measures, cost retailers approximately 4% in annual sales. Detecting inventory inaccuracies manually is cost-prohibitive, and existing algorithmic solutions rely almost exclusively on learning from longitudinal data, which is insufficient in the dynamic environment induced by modern retail operations. Instead, we propose a solution based on cross-sectional data over stores and stock-keeping units (SKUs), viewing inventory inaccuracies as a problem of identifying anomalies in a (low-rank) Poisson matrix. State-of-the-art approaches to anomaly detection in low-rank matrices apparently fall short. Specifically, from a theoretical perspective, recovery guarantees for these approaches require that nonanomalous entries be observed with vanishingly small noise (which is not the case in our problem and, indeed, in many applications). Methodology/results: So motivated, we propose a conceptually simple entrywise approach to anomaly detection in low-rank Poisson matrices. Our approach accommodates a general class of probabilistic anomaly models. We show that the cost incurred by our algorithm approaches that of an optimal algorithm at a min-max optimal rate. Using synthetic data and real data from a consumer goods retailer, we show that our approach provides up to a 10× cost reduction over incumbent approaches to anomaly detection. Along the way, we build on recent work that seeks entrywise error guarantees for matrix completion, establishing such guarantees for subexponential matrices, a result of independent interest. Managerial implications: By utilizing cross-sectional data at scale, our novel approach provides a practical solution to the issue of inventory inaccuracies in retail operations. Our method is cost-effective and can help managers detect inventory inaccuracies quickly, leading to increased sales and improved customer satisfaction. In addition, the entrywise error guarantees that we establish are of interest to academics working on matrix-completion problems. History: This paper was selected for Fast Track in M&SOM from the 2022 MSOM Supply Chain Management SIG Conference. Funding: Financial support from the National Science Foundation Division of Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation [Grant CMMI 1727239] is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0146. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem definition: We study stochastic periodic-review inventory systems with lost sales, where the decision maker has no access to the true demand distribution a priori and can only observe historical sales data (referred to as censored demand) and feature information about the demand. In an inventory system, excess demand is unobservable because of inventory constraints, and sales data alone cannot fully recover the true demand. Meanwhile, feature information about the demand is abundant to assist inventory decisions. We incorporate features for inventory systems with censored demand. Methodology/results: We propose two feature-based inventory algorithms called the feature-based adaptive inventory algorithm and the dynamic shrinkage algorithm. Both algorithms are based on the stochastic gradient descent method. We measure the performance of the proposed algorithms through the average expected regret in finite periods: that is, the difference between the cost of our algorithms and that of a clairvoyant optimal policy with access to information, which is acting optimally. We show that the average expected cost incurred under both algorithms converges to the clairvoyant optimal cost at the rate of O(log T/T) for the perishable inventory case and O(1/T) for the nonperishable inventory case. The feature-based adaptive inventory algorithm results in high volatility in the stochastic gradients, which hampers the initial performance of regret. The dynamic shrinkage algorithm uses a shrinkage parameter to adjust the gradients, which significantly improves the initial performance. Managerial implications: This paper considers feature information. The idea of dynamic shrinkage for the stochastic gradient descent method builds on a fundamental insight known as the bias-variance trade-off. Our research shows the importance of incorporating the bias-variance in a dynamic environment for inventory systems with feature information. Funding: W. T. Huh acknowledges support from the NSERC Discovery Grants [Grant RGPIN 2020-04213] and the Canada Research Chair Program. The work of Y. Rong was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72025201, 72331006, and 72221001]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0135. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a multiperiod, two-location inventory system with unknown demand distributions and perishable products. Products can be transshipped from the location with excess inventory to the other with excess demand to better fulfill customer demand. The demand distributions are assumed to follow a family of parametric distributions and can only be learned on the fly. To address the challenge, we propose a data-driven inventory management algorithm called DD2LI that achieves a good performance in terms of regret. This algorithm, DD2LI, employs maximum likelihood estimation to approximate the unknown parameter and determines the order quantity based on these estimations. In addition, we emphasize a key assumption that tightens regret bound. Finally, we test the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm by conducting numerical experiments for two scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To create an inventory of image processing pipelines of arterial spin labeling (ASL) and list their main features, and to evaluate the capability, flexibility, and ease of use of publicly available pipelines to guide novice ASL users in selecting their optimal pipeline. Methods: Developers self‐assessed their pipelines using a questionnaire developed by the Task Force 1.1 of the ISMRM Open Science Initiative for Perfusion Imaging. Additionally, each publicly available pipeline was evaluated by two independent testers with basic ASL experience using a scoring system created for this purpose. Results: The developers of 21 pipelines filled the questionnaire. Most pipelines are free for noncommercial use (n = 18) and work with the standard NIfTI (Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative) data format (n = 15). All pipelines can process standard 3D single postlabeling delay pseudo‐continuous ASL images and primarily differ in their support of advanced sequences and features. The publicly available pipelines (n = 9) were included in the independent testing, all of them being free for noncommercial use. The pipelines, in general, provided a trade‐off between ease of use and flexibility for configuring advanced processing options. Conclusion: Although most ASL pipelines can process the common ASL data types, only some (namely, ASLPrep, ASLtbx, BASIL/Quantiphyse, ExploreASL, and MRICloud) are well‐documented, publicly available, support multiple ASL types, have a user‐friendly interface, and can provide a useful starting point for ASL processing. The choice of an optimal pipeline should be driven by specific data to be processed and user experience, and can be guided by the information provided in this ASL inventory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Amazonia Investiga is the property of PRIMMATE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A'ingae (or Cofán, ISO 639‐3: con) is an indigenous language isolate spoken in northeast Ecuador and southern Colombia. This paper presents the first comprehensive overview of the A'ingae phonology, including descriptions of (i) the language's phonemic inventory, (ii) phonotactics and a number of related phonological rules, (iii) nasality and nasal spreading, as well as (iv) stress, glottalisation, their morphophonology, and aspects of clause‐level prosody. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined a retrial make-to-stock system based on a double-ended queue. When the queue length was negative, the inventory system contained only products, and customers were waiting in the retrial queue when the queue length was positive. We developed a model to study the expected cost of the entire system with strategic customers in the observable case and the fully observable case. We also obtained the optimal inventory levels under these two levels of information based on numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the evolution of consumption practices in Venice in the long eighteenth century through the combined use of post‐mortem inventories and household budgets. Although Italy experienced a period of relative decline between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, our findings suggest that Venetian households enjoyed a rich and vibrant material culture that was fully comparable with those of the most advanced European urban economies. However, although new products, practices, and fashions were adopted by Venetian society, the architecture of consumption did not undergo sudden and extreme changes; rather, consumption was gradually refined, following the path that it had begun during the Renaissance. We therefore argue that the Venetian economy did not experience a consumer revolution but, instead, consumer evolution. Moreover, this study shows that sophisticated consumption practices were not exclusive to the more dynamic economies of the continent but were widespread even in those regions that were victims of the Little Divergence. We thus suggest that the relationship between consumption development and economic development was not necessarily causal and that the diffusion of new consumption practices throughout society was a necessary, but insufficient, prerequisite for economic take‐off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The rapidly growing e-commerce industry with its special characteristics brings new challenges to the optimization of the supply chain and inventory management. This study aims to investigate the inventory-related optimization of an e-marketplace official store that works on a business-to-customer system when cashback promotion is used to attract more customers. Also, it proposes a new inventory model to maximize the e-commerce profit by optimizing the cashback amount and delivery period. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed model assumes that customer demand is a function of price and delivery time and that price is affected by the cashback amount. The e-commerce operator has a profit-sharing contract with an e-payment company that facilitates the payment. E-commerce also builds collaboration under a cost-sharing contract with a supplier to ensure product delivery. A mathematical model is developed and the related theories are investigated. A numerical example illustrates the validity of the model and a sensitivity analysis is carried out to give useful insights. Findings: A new inventory model for an e-market system has been introduced which shows the impact of a cashback promotion on the e-commerce business. This study shows that managers can optimize the cashback amount and its delivery time to get the maximum profit. In certain cases, the manager may set a high cashback amount (e.g. 100%) to attract customers to place more orders. Originality/value: This study presents a new inventory model for today's fast-growing e-commerce business; therefore, the results contribute to the understanding of promotion program practices and inventory management and provide insights to develop efficient e-commerce managerial decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Limited availability of life cycle assessment (LCA) data poses a significant challenge to its mainstream adoption, rendering it a central issue within the LCA community. The Global LCA Data Access (GLAD) network aims to increase the accessibility and interoperability of LCA data and offers benefits for different use cases. GLAD is an intergovernmental collaboration involving different stakeholders organized into working groups. The GLAD Nomenclature Working Group (NWG) developed a procedure and a set of criteria to map elementary flows among major nomenclature systems and reviewed bidirectional mappings. This paper provides an overview of the methodological approach followed by the NWG to achieve the resulting mapping files. Methods: The mapping procedure involves several steps of flow and compartment matches and bilateral review. The procedure is supported by an ad hoc software tool called the "GLAD Mapper Tool" developed with the NWG and which is made available for free by the European Commission. The input files for the procedure are the properly formatted source and target flow lists and a file containing the mapping criteria. The four nomenclature systems mapped are those used in ecoinvent, Environmental Footprint, IDEA, and the U.S. Federal LCA Commons. The procedure included representatives from each of these nomenclature systems to ensure a multilateral agreement on the approach to verifying and assessing the quality of the results. The iterative mapping process included different stages of bidirectional reviews to achieve a balance between mapping coverage (i.e., percentage of source flows covered by the target list) and accuracy. Results and discussion: The mapping procedure proved to be an efficient approach for LCA practitioners in mappings between different nomenclature systems. After a relatively low number of iterations, mapping coverages higher than 90% were achieved, which is driven by the availability of unique substances (flow names) and the granularity of environmental compartments. Overall, none of the four flow lists achieved full coverage and the use of approximated matches (proxy matches) for environmental compartments and/or substances was necessary when a perfect matches between flows were not possible. Conclusions: The NWG's mapping activities may serve as a starting point towards defining a central hub for mapping impact assessment methods and datasets, improving data accessibility and interoperability for the LCA community as a step towards defining a unified nomenclature system. The GLAD mapping approach is open and transparent. The approach fosters traceability in the mapping process and offers the potential for greater interoperability across the LCA community, underlining the commitment to openness and collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A person will be more effective in learning if he already understands his character in learning. There are various kinds of ways that a person has in learning, namely by hearing, reading, or seeing and learning by finding. The way to process this information is known as learning style. This paper aims to explain the tendency of Kolb's learning style and the achievement of geometry learning outcomes in junior high school students. This is quantitative research with an ex-post facto design, with 120 subjects and data collection techniques using the Learning Style Inventory (LSI) questionnaire and geometry learning outcomes test. The results showed that students who learn through concrete experience were 17.3%, reflective observation 32.7%, abstract conceptual 22.5%, and active experiment 27.5%. Whereas in the learning style dimension which has a diverger type of 39.3%, assimilator 41.1%, converger 11%, and accommodator 8.6%. So students who have a diverger learning style are more appropriate if their learning uses the lecture and question and answer method, accommodators are more appropriate to use the problem-based method, while students having a converger learning style will have better learning outcomes using investment-based learning strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslide inventories have become cornerstones for estimating the relationship between the frequency and size of slope failures, thus informing appraisals of hillslope stability, erosion, and commensurate hazard. Numerous studies have reported how larger landslides are systematically rarer than smaller ones, drawing on probability distributions fitted to mapped landslide areas or volumes. In these models, much uncertainty concerns the larger landslides (defined here as affecting areas ≥ 0.1 km2) that are rarely sampled, and often projected by extrapolating beyond the observed size range in a given study area. Relying instead on size-scaling estimates from other inventories is problematic because landslide detection and mapping, data quality, resolution, sample size, model choice, and fitting method can vary. To overcome these constraints, we use a Bayesian multi-level model with a Generalised Pareto likelihood to provide a single, objective, and consistent comparison grounded in extreme-value theory. We explore whether and how scaling parameters vary between 37 inventories that, although incomplete, bring together 8627 large landslides. Despite the broad range of mapping protocols and lengths of record, and differing topographic, geological, and climatic settings, the posterior power-law exponents remain indistinguishable between most inventories. Likewise, the size statistics fail to separate known earthquake from rainfall triggers, and event-based from multi-temporal catalogues. Instead, our model identifies several inventories with outlier scaling statistics that reflect intentional censoring during mapping. Our results thus caution against a universal or solely mechanistic interpretation of the scaling parameters, at least in the context of large landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separately stored type herbarium of the Herbarium Greuter in Palermo is comprised of 339 sheets, corresponding to 336 specimens pertaining to 328 different names. Material from the Mediterranean area, especially Greece, predominates, followed by that from the Caribbean (Cuba) and Australia. The list includes transcribed label data and links to the digital specimen images and to the protologue texts. A new type of terminology is introduced, with the terms "first-step holotype" and "second-step holotype" designating type categories parallel to the similar terms already in use for lectotypes, and the phrase "detailed here" is used as an equivalent to "designated here" in second-step typification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recent estimates of the global inventory of dissolved oxygen (DO) have suggested a decrease of 2 % since the 1960s. However, due to the sparse historical oxygen data coverage, the DO inventory exhibits large regional uncertainties at interannual timescale. Using ISASO2, a new DO Argo-based optimally interpolated climatology https://doi.org/10.17882/52367 (Kolodziejczyk et al.,2021), we have estimated an updated regional oxygen inventory. Over the long term (~1980–2013), comparing the ISASO2 Argo fields with the first guess WOA18 built from the DO bottle samples fields extracted from WOD18, the broad tendency to global ocean deoxygenation remains robust in the upper 2000 m with -451±243 Tmol per decade. The oxygen decline is more pronounced in the key ventilation areas of the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic, except in the Nordic Seas, where oxygen has increased. Over the shorter timescale of the Argo period (2005–2019), the deoxygenation tendency seems globally amplified (-1211±218 Tmol per decade). However, DO changes exhibit stronger amplitude and contrasted regional patterns, likely driven by interannual modes of variability in regions as, for instance, the North Atlantic Subpolar-gyre. The recent changes in Apparent Oxygen Utilization mainly explain the interannual variability in the ventilation regions. However, Argo DO coverage is still incomplete at the global and calibration method development are still in progress. Continuing the monitoring of the seasonal to interannual and regional to global DO variability from ISASO2 will improve our ability to reduce uncertainties on global and regional DO inventory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of science and technology has led to an increasing number of high-tech enterprises offering new products through successive generations of product upgrades. This trend presents a new challenge for the sustainable operations of enterprises. Based on the Norton-Bass model, this study begins by constructing a multi-generation product diffusion model within a single enterprise in the context of a monopoly under the quality upgrade scenario. Subsequently, a supply model is established based on this foundation, and these two models are seamlessly integrated using product sales volume as an interface, culminating in a comprehensive sales-supply system. This study analyzes the effects of new-product pricing, quality levels, initial stock, and production capacity on the performance of this system. The system dynamics (SD) method was used to simulate and solve the system in the decentralized and centralized decision-making modes, and the two decision-making modes were compared and analyzed. The research reveals several key findings. i) Comprehensive decision optimization yields enhanced profitability through joint optimization calculation of the multi-generation product diffusion system and the supply adjustment system. ii) consumer price sensitivity significantly affects product quality upgrades and profits. A negative correlation exists between consumer price sensitivity and both factors. The upgrades of product quality should be carefully traded off with consideration of pricing and quality costs. iii) Maximizing profits by maintaining a certain order level of backlog or stock shortage is beneficial for overall enterprise profitability. Additionally, optimal production capacity has been identified as a crucial element in efficient operational inventory management. This study expands the multi-generation product diffusion operational theory and provides valuable theoretical support and decision-making foundations for the sustainable management of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective inventory control in healthcare organizations ensures that the right amount of stock is available in the right place and at the right time at an affordable cost. This supports the smooth functioning of organizations and quality service delivery. To ensure effective inventory control, there are various techniques available, each with its own strengths and weaknesses in terms of applicability. In healthcare institutions, inventory control techniques such as ABC analysis, VED analysis, ABC-VED matrix, and FSN analysis are available to ensure effective inventory management. Choosing the appropriate technique can help optimize stock levels, minimize costs, and improve overall service delivery. The primary aim of this study is to investigate different methods for categorizing stock-keeping units in the hospital's medical supply storage with the objective of enhancing inventory management. The selection of classification techniques depends on a review of the relevant literature and their applicability. In this context, the study aims determine the types of materials that require management control, prioritization, and replenishment intervals, as well as to assess whether the ABCVED- FNS matrix is suitable for effective and efficient inventory control in hospitals. The results reveal that the established ABC-VED-FSN matrix clearly demonstrates that the wide range of products in the medical supply inventory and a significant portion of the inventory consists of materials found in Category I. Additionally, the fact that Category I materials have high proportions in total expenditure and consumption emphasizes that a large portion of the medical supplies is concentrated in this category. These findings indicate that inventory management strategies need to be directed more effectively and efficiently by focusing on these critical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a large inventory of Veeh-Harps and music cases, the Reutlingen City Library can offer people with and without assistance needs opportunities to make music together and to network. Full-time and voluntary multipliers attend seminars to use the instrument in their work. Instruments and music cases can be borrowed from individuals as well as from social institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although rock glaciers (RGs) are prevalent in the southwestern Pamirs, systematic studies on them are scarce. This article introduces the first inventory of RGs in the southwestern Pamirs, situated at the western edge of the High Mountain Asia region. The inventory, established through a combination of Google Earth optical imagery and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques, encompasses details on the locations, geomorphological parameters, and kinematic attributes of RGs. A total of 275 RGs were cataloged in an area of 55.52 km2 from 3620 to 5210 m in altitude. Our inventory shows that most RGs in this region are talus-connected (213 landforms), with the highest frequency facing northeast (23%). The distribution of RGs thins from west to east and is more abundant in higher altitudes. The Shakhdara range to the south hosts a denser and more active population of RGs than the Shughnon range to the north, highlighting the influence of topography and precipitation. Overall, RGs in the southwestern Pamirs exhibit high activity levels, with active RGs predominating (58%). A comparison between active and transitional RGs showed no significant differences in elevation, temperature, and slope. Glacier-connected and glacier forefield-connected RGs demonstrated higher line-of-sight (LOS) velocities than talus-connected and debris-mantled slope-connected RGs, underscoring the significant impact of precipitation and meltwater on their activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The Systemic Therapy Inventory of Change (STIC) is a systemic measurement feedback system that provides therapists with feedback regarding the multidimensional clinical change in individual, couple, and family therapy. The STIC Intersession scales include Individual Problems and Strengths (IPS), Relationship with Partner (RWP), Family/Household (FH), and Child Problems and Strengths (CPS). They are administered to clients before each therapy session. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the STIC Intersession scales' sensitivity to change, the ability to detect reliable and valid changes that occur after an intervention. Method: Participants (N = 583) who voluntarily received individual, couple, or family therapy services in a randomized clinical trial attended the study. Results: By comparing the changes in pre-therapy and post-therapy scores of the STIC Intersession scales with those of the corresponding reference measures, the external sensitivity to change of the STIC Intersession scales was supported. The IPS Intersession scale showed greater change than the Beck Anxiety Inventory. However, no evidence supported the discriminant validity of CPS's change scores. Conclusion: Thus, the STIC Intersession IPS, RWP, and FH can be validly used to assess multi-systemic changes in both research and clinical work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we undertake a comprehensive investigation of the work presented by Çalışkan (2020). Our study serves four primary objectives. Firstly, we identify that Çalışkan (2020) derived an existing inventory model using a complex approach, and subsequently propose enhancements to the methodology. Secondly, we demonstrate the variance between Çalışkan's (2020) approximated model and the model developed by Chung and Ting (1994), which went unnoticed in Çalışkan's (2020) analysis. Thirdly, we shed light on the reason behind Çalışkan (2020) arriving at the same approximated optimal solution as previously developed by Chung and Ting (1994). Fourthly, we present an alternative approach to derive the same approximated optimal solution as Çalışkan (2020) without relying on Çalışkan's (2020) proposed objective function. Through these revisions, we aim to provide valuable insights for researchers examining Çalışkan's (2020) work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present a complete and simplified solution procedure for the inventory model under trapezoidal type demand, Weibull-distributed deterioration, and partial backlogging. A published paper already provide a solution approach for this kind of inventory models. However, we will show that his approach is too complicated that depending on the partition the domain of a trapezoidal type demand to result in three sub-optimal problems. However, this paper will show that the already exist approach is correct but tedious. Moreover, a generalization of this kind of inventory systems from a trapezoidal type demand to any positive demand under a condition of generalized backlogged rate is also developed by this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]