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The study examined the interaction among income inequality, economic growth, and poverty with a view of assessing the extent of inclusiveness of growth in selected African countries. Using a dataset from World Development Indicators (WDI) and Standardized World Income Inequality Dataset (SWIID), the study adopted Vector AutoRegression (VAR) method in its econometric analysis. Its findings show that only "West" African countries exhibit partial traits of inclusiveness of growth. Thus, the study recommends the provision and implementation of distributional and growth-oriented macroeconomic policies, as well as investment in public infrastructure to spread the benefits of growth to all in African countries.

This study aims to accentuate the role of financial development, renewable energy consumption, and ICT-oriented strategies to achieve inclusive growth in 21 Asian economies from 1995-2019. The long-run findings of panel linear ARDL reveal positive but insignificant responses in inclusive growth to financial development. Whereas, the estimates of panel NARDL depict that financial development’s positive and negative movements boost inclusive growth significantly. Interestingly, both techniques provide significant but contradictory outcomes for the effects of renewable energy on inclusive growth. Moreover, the results confirm that the individual impact of financial development and ICT increases but their interaction decreases inclusive growth. It indicates that ICT fails to complement the financial sector in enhancing inclusive growth. Therefore, the study recommends improving ICT infrastructure through the appropriate investment so that it could complement the financial sector effectively to achieve inclusive growth. It implicates for the stakeholders to boost the efficiency of the financial intermediaries and equitable access to digital finance and clean energy to attain inclusive growth.

The persistent debate among policy makers and academics around combating the high rates of poverty and income inequality can be further illuminated by understanding how tourism contributes to inclusive growth, especially in developing economies. Tourism sector can be regarded as one of the key contributors to inclusive growth and where it has the capacity to generate prospects for productive employment. The goal of this article is thus to investigate the link between inclusive growth and tourism in the African context. To do this, we utilized a recent panel vector autoregression (pVAR) and data for 45 African countries spanning the period 1995 to 2019. Thus, by the error variance decomposition and impulse response functions, our results showed a weak positive effect of international tourism arrivals and the composite tourism indicator on inclusive growth, while tourism receipts and tourism expenditure insignificantly decreases inclusive growth in the sampled African economies. Our result is further supported by the panel system generalized method of moments (GMM). We provide some policy implications from our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European Union (EU) countries pay meticulous attention to environmental issues and achieve carbon-free development. In this direction, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and extending renewable energy are the primary goals. At the same time, the energy price and declining energy efficiency increase countries' environmental expenditures and hinder their capabilities for economic growth. Against this backdrop, this research aims to examine the influence of environmental regulations, renewable energy, and energy efficiency on green economic growth. The originality of the study is twofold: first, it evaluates the green economic growth of a country, which simultaneously reveals the options for economic growth and the capability to eliminate its negative effect on the environment by applying the Global Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index; second, it develops an econometric model based on panel data for EU countries for 2000–2020 to investigate the nonlinear impact of environmental regulations, the effect of extending renewable energies, and the growth of energy efficiency on a country's green economic growth. The study applies the following methodology: a system generalized method of moments (GMM) analysis. The empirical results confirm the U-shape, nonlinear impact of environmental regulations on a country's green economic growth along with a gradual increase in energy efficiency. In addition, the findings indicate that renewable energy is crucial for furthering a country's green economic growth. At the same time, environmental regulation has a significant role in extending renewable energy. The study results could be used as the basis for implementing green economic growth for EU countries and improving the policy of carbon-free development of these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Sri Lanka, women’s labor force participation has never exceeded 35% in over three decades. As of 2022, the country was ranked 110 out of 146 countries in the World Economic Forum’s Gender Gap Index. The gaps in women’s participation in the formal economy alongside women’s limited political empowerment are two leading causes for the country to be lagging in such global gender equality indicators. At a large cost to the economy, the existence of archaic gender norms that promulgate women’s unpaid care work often exclude women from the formal labor force. This paper dissects the socio-economic and socio-political factors that lead to the invisibility of women in Sri Lanka’s economy, while seeking to understand how such underlying causes have been aggravated within the precarity of the post-pandemic context. It is important, now more than ever, to recognize the invisibility of women in Sri Lanka’s formal economy, while bringing about a transformative vision with a multi-pronged approach to address existing gaps and challenges. With reference to key principles of feminist economics, including the theoretical foundations of Claudia Goldin, Nancy Folbre, and Diane Elson, among others, the paper will make a case for inclusivity and intersectionality in policy recommendations aimed at encouraging women’s entry, active engagement, contribution, and retention in Sri Lanka’s economy. The paper reaches a conclusion that when women lead, participate, and benefit equally in all aspects of life, societies and economies will thrive, thereby contributing to sustainable development and inclusive economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's economic growth has been impressive, but the persistent income inequality poses a threat to its sustainability. To address this issue, we use the complex network analysis method for the first time to explore the structural characteristics of the regional spatial correlation network of inclusive growth (RSCN) of 26 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 1999 to 2020. We use exponential random graph models to explore the internal mechanisms and driving factors that shape this network. Our results show that inclusive growth dependencies between regions are widespread and increasing. Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang serve as benchmark regions, while provinces in the middle reach of the Yangtze River play an increasingly important bridging role. The northwestern region mainly acts as a receiving region. Our study identifies transitivity, reciprocity, and high interaction tendency as critical microstructures. Furthermore, we find that infrastructure, digital economy development, financial marketization, fiscal expenditure linkages, and inter-provincial trade linkages are crucial factors in shaping network relationships. Our study provides theoretical support for the development of China's regional coordinated development strategy and sustainable economic growth policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several kinds of research from both global and local perspectives have discussed social entrepreneurship and inclusive development. Accordingly, this article aims to highlight the key contributors (authors, institutions, countries, journals) and knowledge structure (co-authorship analysis and cooccurrence-of-keyword analysis) of this research domain. Utilizing the bibliographic data of 300 articles extracted from the Scopus database, we primarily employed Biblioshiny software, resulting in 673 authors from 69 different countries and 496 different institutions. Furthermore, the yearly publication of the 300 documents rose from 1 in 1996 to 24 in 2022, with an average age of 6.08 years and a citation rate of 13.79 yearly. Remarkably, the number of publications on this subject accelerated in 2014. According to the study's findings, the most productive country in line with research publishing is the USA. The most productive institution has been recognized as the Amrita School of Engineering. The most active author is reported to be Kadol N. The most prolific journal is Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. In addition to this, the top three most frequent terms are 'social development', 'economic development' and 'entrepreneur. 'Social entrepreneurship', 'social and economic effects', 'sustainable development' and 'social development' are the latest keywords in this field that predict future trends. Taken collectively, this review is an expedient resource for gaining a thorough grasp of the state of the art and prospective routes for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a sample of 193 countries from 2010 to 2019, this study investigates the impact of institutional quality index (IQI) and information and communication technology (ICT) on inclusive growth. The study engaged the panel spatial correlation consistent (PSCC-FE), instrumental variable-generalized method of moments (IV-GMM), and simultaneous quantile regressions (SQREG) models to assess if the impact differs by economic development (high-, low-, lower-middle- and upper-middle-income countries). The following findings emerge. The effect of IQI is positive across all models from the full sample, while that of ICT is heterogeneous, with mobile phones having a significant positive impact. The interaction effect is observed to be sensitive to the choice of ICT indicator. From the sub-samples, both IQI, ICT and their interaction show significant heterogeneous effect with consistent positive (negative interaction) outcomes in high-income countries. Thus, our findings strongly suggest that policymakers should prioritize institutional quality and ICT to ensure that economic growth translates into better living conditions for people in other income groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to accentuate the role of financial development, renewable energy consumption, and information and communication technology (ICT)-oriented strategies to achieve inclusive growth in 21 Asian economies from 1995-2019. The long-run findings of panel linear ARDL reveal positive but insignificant responses in inclusive growth to financial development. Whereas, the estimates of panel NARDL depict that financial development positive and negative movements boost inclusive growth significantly. Interestingly, both techniques provide significant but contradictory outcomes for the effects of renewable energy on inclusive growth. Moreover, the results confirm that the individual impact of financial development and ICT increases but their interaction decreases inclusive growth. It indicates that ICT fails to complement the financial sector in enhancing inclusive growth. Therefore, the study recommends improving ICT infrastructure through the appropriate investment so that it could complement the financial sector effectively to achieve inclusive growth. It implicates for the stakeholders to boost the efficiency of the financial intermediaries and equitable access to digital finance and clean energy to attain inclusive growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable and inclusive growth has been at the heart of countries' development strategies for several decades. This study aims to analyze the role of the banking sector in inclusive growth in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). We constructed a composite inclusive growth indicator based on four pillars integrating growth, poverty, inequalities, human capabilities, and governance. Using the least square dummy variable corrected (LSDVC) method, we then estimate a relationship linking this indicator to variables characterizing the performance of the banking system and its degree of inclusiveness from 1996 to 2017. The results show that inclusive growth is still weak in the WAEMU but is progressing over the years. The performance of the banking sector and its degree of inclusiveness have improved over the period as well. The results from the LSDVC show that the banking sector's role in inclusive growth is not a sham. The banking sector's contribution to inclusive growth in the WAEMU zone involves a drop in lending rates, as well as a drop in cost/income ratios, combined with an increase in the credit granted. Policy recommendations are discussed accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nankai Business Review is the property of Nankai Business Review Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Central Asian Economic Review is the property of Narxoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study accommodates spatial effects in the nexus between tax resource mobilisation (TRM) institutions and inclusive growth using panel data from 48 African countries. By adopting the spatial Durbin‐fixed effect model, the study shows that spatial dependence and interaction matter when modelling TRM, institutions and inclusive growth relationships. It is also explicit that various disaggregated and aggregated tax components have not played significant roles in increasing inclusive growth in Africa, except property tax. The result suggests the need to harness the role of property tax for revenue generation in stimulating inclusive growth in view of its growth benefits over its distortions. Further evidence shows that all individual proxies of African institutions dampen inclusive growth. These results also pinpoint the weak governance structures that constitute huge constraints on the participatory tendencies of economic growth and reflect the institutional exclusiveness inherent in Africa. Regarding the interactive effects of institutions and TRM on inclusive growth, findings further reveal that existing institutions in Africa weaken the tax administration structures in propelling TRM to actualize inclusive growth. The study informs policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inclusive growth of SMEs has recently gained much recognition from scholars and policymakers. However, the pertinent question is, what is the best approach toward SME growth? This article examines the effects of Joint Venture (JV) undertaking on SMEs’ competitiveness and inclusive growth in Tanzania’s business setting. 192 (87 JV firms and 105 sole proprietors) were sampled from Mbeya City, Tanzania using a stratified systematic sampling technique for analysis. Data was collected using the survey method. The effects of JV on the SMEs’ competitiveness and growth were established by the pattern of percentages and the level of significance (P values) using the independent t-test. It was found that SMEs operating as JV were more competitive, with a higher ability to meet financial, cost, quality, innovation, time and market requirements compared to sole proprietors. Nevertheless, JV firms revealed higher significant growth indicators in terms of sales volume, profit margin, market share, number of employees, working assets, production volume and business diversification than sole proprietors. Limited financial resources, inadequate production facilities, limited experience, unfavourable trade laws and socio-cultural factors constrain SMEs from JV undertaking. To policymakers and scholars, this article highlights the role and the determinants of JV undertakings as an important approach toward improved SMEs’ competitiveness and inclusive growth.

Separate studies on the impact of internet penetration on growth and per capita income levels, inequality, and poverty levels are still being discussed. Using data from 33 Indonesian provinces between 2008 and 2020, this paper investigates whether internet penetration modulates economic growth by reducing inequality and poverty. The Two-Way Fixed Effect (TWFE) econometric model was used. Two findings can be concluded from this paper. First, Indonesia's economic growth remains less inclusive, as evidenced by rising per capita income, which tends to reduce poverty but not income inequality. Second, Indonesia's economic growth tends to be less inclusive as an unintended consequence of internet penetration. Although it strengthens the effect on poverty reduction, on the other hand, the interaction of economic growth with internet penetration tends to exacerbate income inequality. Based on these findings, the study suggests that the government should improve advanced ICT skills and lower barriers to internet adoption, particularly for the less fortunate. The internet is expected to become a tool to achieve inclusive growth through expanding a newly established middle class instead of simply the economic transformation of the poor into non-poor households under this policy.

Financial technology (FinTech) functions as a world-recognized vital driver for high-quality development. Different from recent research that merely involves empirical studies of the correlation between FinTech and inclusive growth, we first employ mathematical model analysis to theoretically distinguish the underlying mechanism through which FinTech influences inclusive growth in China. Subsequently, we built a series of mathematical models to deconstruct three effects of FinTech on inclusive growth: entrepreneurship stimulation, human capital investment, and innovation promotion effect, followed by a re-examination of these mechanisms using panel data that covers 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2020. The empirical results show a solid positive impact of FinTech on inclusive growth in China. Further mechanism tests confirm that entrepreneurship stimulation, human capital investment, and innovation promotion serve as three plausible economic channels that account for this effect, supporting our theoretical conjecture. Moreover, we adopt machine learning algorithm to simulate different inclusive growth levels in China from 2021 to 2030 under different scenarios and therefore propose policy suggestions to bolster inclusive growth. Overall, these findings shed greater light on the FinTech-inclusive growth nexus and provide new insights into the real effects of FinTech on sustainable development in developing economies that bear resemblance to China. • Mathematical models are built to distinguish the mechanism through which FinTech influences inclusive growth. • The empirical results show a solid positive impact of FinTech on inclusive growth. • FinTech exerts the positive impact on inclusive growth by entrepreneurship stimulation, human capital investment, and innovation promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing social and environmental challenges, particularly poverty, have brought social entrepreneurship, a highly researched domain, to the attention of academicians. It has emerged as a critical issue in the context of economic development and societal well-being. The current study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in the field of social entrepreneurship and poverty alleviation to explain the current state, geographical performance, and future research agenda. Utilizing VOS viewer (version 1.6.20) and R Studio software (version 4.3.2), 461 final articles were examined and extracted from the Web of Science database, covering the period from 1998 to 2022. The findings reveal a significant increase in research activity in this field since 2009, indicating a growing demand for it as a solution to social challenges. Notably, the years 2021–2022 witnessed a remarkable 55% surge in research output. The Sustainability Journal ranks first as the most productive source, followed by the Journal of Cleaner Production. The most prolific authors are Nina Kolleck from Germany, David Littlewood, and Diane Holt from the UK. Additionally, this study assesses the geographic distribution of research contributions, highlighting regions with relatively lower research performance, such as South Asian and African countries. Leading in this domain are the UK, Spain, the USA, and European institutions. Co-citation patterns reveal four thematic clusters: (1) dynamics of social entrepreneurship; (2) sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem; (3) social entrepreneurship for social innovation; and (4) integrated sustainable entrepreneurship, shedding light on critical aspects and the intellectual structure of this domain. Finally, keyword co-occurrence analysis identifies emerging research areas, e.g., entrepreneurial development, the role of higher education, enterprise collaboration, inclusive growth, and socio-economic empowerment. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners committed to achieving sustainable social change.

Little is known about the relevance of alternative measures of growth in environmental and developmental economic analyses. In Canada, for example, no literature exists on whether there is a causal link between the level of environmental performance and alternative measures of economic progress (which are argued to better capture the overall economic wellbeing than the gross domestic product—GDP). As environmental policies may relate to overall economic wellbeing, we opine that understanding overall economic progress is essential for achieving sustainable development and emissions reduction targets. This paper addresses a knowledge gap by assessing the causal links and directions between Canada’s national-level greenhouse gas emissions (GHG—as an indicator of environmental performance) and three alternative measures of economic growth, namely, gross national disposable income (GNDI), human development index (HDI), and index of economic freedom (IEF); from 1995 to 2019. Our results indicate that causality exists between Canada’s GHG and the alternative growth measures. This implies that Canada’s GNDI, HDI, and IEF may be useful and complementary to GDP in forecasting the national-level total GHG emissions. The research provides insights to further consider the role of overall economic wellbeing in the quest for sustainable, lower-emissions, economic development in Canada and by extension in other nations.

The ecology and all of its components are suffering greatly as a result of the unchecked speed of development. At this rate, environmental degradation will have an impact on humanity and associated fields. In order to prevent the consequences of expansion from pushing the environment into a situation from which it is incapable of recovering, there should be ongoing, earnest efforts made towards sustainable development. The three pillars of ecodevelopment are the environment, humanity, and economy. A stable growth rate is necessary to attain a just balance between these pillars. Since agriculture employs the majority of the population, it also has an impact on the balance of the ecosystem. Because every unplanned step towards progress puts us back in the environmental front, we must thus be mindful of the boundaries of environmental challenges in order to achieve equitable economic growth. The hope for sustainable development lies in decreased deforestation, greater food security, conservative agricultural practices, the use of biopesticides, and prudent use of natural resources. To be effective, environmental policy probably needs to employ a variety of tools, each addressing a distinct aspect of the issue and attempting to minimise redundancies and pointless regulations. Appropriately pricing environmental inputs facilitates sustainable resource provision and use management. Long-term corporate investment in new technology and innovation is encouraged by a consistent and clear environmental policy, which also increases investment certainty. Environmental and economic success are interdependent. Economic activity and advancement depend on the natural environment because it provides the resources needed to produce goods and services and because it processes and absorbs waste and pollution, which are unwanted byproducts. This paper focuses on how environmental assets assist control risks associated with social and economic activities, flood risks, local climate regulation (temperature and air quality), and the availability of clean water and other resources.

The concept of economic growth that has increased social welfare needs to be expanded in terms of its meaning and benchmarks. It focuses not only on economic activities but also on how they impact all of society in the present and the future. This study aims to analyze Indonesia’s inclusive green growth in 2015 and 2019. The method used to obtain the analysis is the Inclusive Green Growth Index (IGGI), conducted by Asian Development Bank (ADB). IGGI is a composite index consisting of three pillars: economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability. The study showed that Indonesia’s inclusive green growth was getting better where its average score in 2015 was 3.21, increasing to 3.36 in 2019. However, the improvement is not ideal yet because its mainly influenced by the economic growth pillar. In contrast, the average score of the environmental sustainability pillar declined from 4.19 in 2015 to 4.00 in 2019, accompanied by the decreasing social equity pillar score in 15 out of 34 provinces. All Efforts to achieve a better-balanced IGGI are improving and maintaining environmental quality, improving access to economic and political activities, improving public service and infrastructure in various provinces, and increasing superior and potential sectors to pursue economic disparity inter-provincial.

At the heart of the EU cohesion policy and the European Green deal lies the underlying sub-goals not limited to; financing the transition, promoting economic well-being of regions, take everyone along, achieving climate neutrality and a zero pollution Europe which the small and medium enterprises positions as the perfect conduit to achieve the aforementioned sub-goals in the case of Europe. Our study seeks to investigate if credit flowing from private sector units and government-owned enterprises to SMEs guarantees inclusive growth and environmental sustainability in EU-27 member states using data collected from OECD Stat. Database and the World Bank database from 2006 to 2019. Findings from the econometric analysis shows that SMEs activities is a significant and positive predictor of environmental pollution in the EU. In the case of inclusive growth countries cohort in the EU, both credit flowing from private sector funding institutions and government-owned enterprises to SMEs enhances a positive SME growth impact on environmental sustainability. In the case of non-inclusive growth countries cohort in the EU, credit flowing from private sector to SMEs enhances the positive impact of SME growth on environmental sustainability while credit flowing from government-owned enterprises to SMEs intensify the negative impact of SME growth on environmental sustainability.

Income inequality has increased in a number of the rich democratic nations over the past generation. We examine whether this has reduced income growth for middleincome households. Using LIS, OECD and WID data, we show how median household incomes and income inequality have evolved between 1980 and 2013, and we analyse whether these trends are related. Growth in median incomes is negatively associated with changes in the Gini but not with changes in top income shares. Economic growth is strongly associated with growth in median incomes, although it does not seem to fully transmit.

We examine impact of resource windfall on standard of living. We introduce annual welfare measure that combines income, inequality, and health, covering 130 countries for 45 years. We investigate the effect of resource windfalls on welfare in three groups: (i) a sample of 130 countries, (ii) 28 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, and (iii) 9 fragile SSA countries. We find that the short-run and long-run effect of resource windfalls are welfare enhancing in the 130-country sample. However, the effect size is small in SSA countries, and is insignificant in fragile SSA countries, which emphasizes importance of governance in natural resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study employs macrodata for 23 African countries to examine whether good governance interacts with economic globalisation (EG) to foster inclusive green growth (IGG). First, the study finds that EG hampers IGG in Africa. Second, although unconditionally good governance promotes IGG, only government effectiveness interacts with EG to foster IGG. Across the social and environmental sustainability dimensions of IGG, however, the effects differ substantially. Notably, whilst the EG‐governance pathways yield remarkable environmental sustainability net gains, a modest harmful effect was observed for socioeconomic sustainability. Evidence from our threshold analyses also suggests that whilst government effectiveness is critical for propelling EG to promote IGG, across the social and environmental perspectives of IGG, it is investments in building frameworks and structures for corruption control and the rule of law that are crucial. Our results shed new light on IGG and have several implications for Agenda 2030 and Agenda 2063. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study critically examines the synergy effect of information communication technology (ICT) diffusion and foreign direct investment (FDI) on inclusive growth in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries using a modified system-generalized method of moments (GMM) model based on panel data covering the period 2005–2020. This study differs significantly from the previous studies in four ways: (i) this study uses a more comprehensive measure of ICT by computing a composite ICT index, which takes into account several ICT indicators; (ii) some existing study uses a narrow proxy of inclusive growth using the Gini index as a proxy, while others consider three patterns of economic growth dynamics (GDP growth, real, and per capita GDP). For robust analysis, we computed a composite inclusive growth index that takes into account several shared growth indicators; (iii) our model captures the heterogeneity effect of the interaction term of FDI and ICT diffusions on two groups of SSA countries, unlike the previous studies that estimated the joint impact of FDI and ICT on the whole group of countries; (iv) we contribute to the extant studies by determining the threshold level at which ICT diffusion may determine the effect of FDI on inclusive growth. Overall, empirical results show that the positive effect of FDI on inclusive growth could intensify when ICT diffusion is beyond a given threshold level, while inflation and vulnerable unemployment deteriorate inclusive growth, among others. We are of the opinion that ICTs should engage to cushion present and future environmental threats/natural catastrophes through improving geographical monitoring and concerted reaction coupled with other policy recommendations paying special attention to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) fifteen (15)—inclusive growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, debates on sustainable economic development have highlighted the importance of comprehensive growth especially in developing countries. Inclusive growth is widely seen as a key ingredient for sustainable development. However, there is little empirical evidence to support this claim. The current study examines the level of inclusive growth and sustainable development and association among them in 11 selected developing countries for the year 2008 and 2018. We extract key factors on variables of interest from 7 pillars of inclusive growth level and United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals by using the Principal Components Analysis and the Multivariate Analysis. The key results highlight that Turkey and China have achieved highest while Pakistan and Indonesia represent the lowest level of inclusive growth. Similarly, Brazil and Pakistan show the lowest while Cambodia and Thailand hold the highest rank on sustainable development level. The empirical findings show high value of negative correlation coefficients between social inclusion of inclusive growth and prevalence of poverty with life-threatening factors of sustainable development. Similarly, a high positive value between unsatisfactory medical services, education and state transparency of inclusive growth; poverty and its consequences of sustainable development further confirms the robustness of association among variables of interest our. A strong recommendation on improving the inclusive growth as policy strategy is suggested in developing countries to further enhance the sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tea industry is the second most organized industry after rubber in Tripura, India and is gravid with immense potential that can offer inclusive and sustainable growth to the state's economy directly and indirectly. The industry went through a series of troubles ranging from insurgency to ethnic clashes over the last six decades. Despite the challenges, the Tripura Tea Development Corporation (TTDC) returned to the profit path in 2018. The marketing opportunities for the tea gardens have been rudimentary, depriving the tea growers of their due recognition and better returns on investments; however, TTDC's Tripureswari brand of tea has successfully positioned itself with a strong appeal and quick acceptance by the masses. The public distribution supply chain supported by the co-operative societies helps reduce the shipment cost and ensures the availability of tea at affordable prices for common people. The purpose of this study was to explore the nuances of the tea industry in Tripura and to consider how re-engineering can turn this industry into a profit-making public sector. To understand the turnaround strategy of this research, the authors have used a mixed method approach where secondary data were collected, discussed, and gathered from interviews with area experts. The findings of this research indicate that the state-owned Tripura Tea Development Corporation Ltd. (TTDC) transformed itself through re-engineering the supply chain. Furthermore, coupling with branding exercises has instilled confidence, even among the small tea growers, thereby offering social security and inclusion. Further, TTDC has taken the socially excluded people under its ambit through plantation activities using the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the impact of technological progress and digitization on Ghana's economy using panel data for the period 2009–2019. Technological progress and economic growth inter-dependency was analyzed in two steps. First, the relation was tested using Augmented Dickey–Fuller method. Second, we estimated the long-run relation between the variables by using Engel Granger and Error Correction models. The results indicate that adopting technology or digitizing the economy has the potential to drive sustainable growth and development. In particular, it was noted that ICT investments drive high productivity rates and faster economic growth. In sum, technological progress and digitization have the potential to foster significant growth and therefore must be given high credence in the planning and designing of development programmes. This paper contributes to development theories on the role that ICT plays in economic growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There remains a continuous debate in the literature regarding the effect of the tourism industry on inequality. This study examines the tourism-induced Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for 34 countries in Europe, the Balkans, and Anatolia with a fourteen-year dataset using spatial panel data analysis. Results show the validity of this hypothesis. Therefore, one can conclude that the tourism industry contributes favourably to income equality only after some threshold. Moreover, findings indicate that increases in per capita income, urbanization ratio, and total labour force participation rate led to increased inequality. Therefore, to have desirable effects of the tourism industry on inclusive growth and sustainable development, investments should consider equality of income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The empirical investigation of which risk factor--political or financial--is the optimal driver of country risk in emerging economies in the twenty-first century has grown into a significant and volatile issue in recent decades. This paper investigates the linkages between political risk and financial risk in four Balkan economies (i.e., Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, and Romania) from 1984 Q3 to 2018 Q4, using non-linear autoregressive distributed lag co-integration (NARDL) and wavelet coherence approaches. As a result, findings from the links between political risk and financial risk are being used to provide significant insights into effective urban planning in Balkan cities. The outcomes of the NARDAL analysis indicate that there are short-term and long-term asymmetric links between political risk and financial risk in the Balkan countries except for Romania. The wavelet coherence study also revealed that there is significant vulnerability between political risk and financial risk at different frequencies in the region, also, political risk is a key for predicting financial risk over the selected study period at different frequencies in Albania and Bulgaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In much of the 20th century, the welfare state was regarded as the fundamental means for Western countries to embrace economic liberalization through domestic social contracts, whereas the developmental state was credited for East Asian economies' growth with equality. However, economic globalization and technological changes have posed serious challenges for both models with respect to containing increasing inequality and achieving inclusive growth. China's performance in inclusive growth has demonstrated distinct features that differ from the approaches of Western welfare states and East Asian developmental states. China has relied less on conventional means of redistribution, such as taxes and transfers. Instead, it has combined growth-oriented industrial policies, public infrastructure investment, and state-mediated poverty alleviation programs. China's development strategy reflects a "third way" perspective on inclusive growth that might be instructive for latecomer economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bingol University Journal of Economics & Administrative Science is the property of Bingol University Journal of Economics & Administrative Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper assesses whether industrial growth in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam has been inclusive. While inclusiveness of growth is both a highly debated topic in the development discourse and an official government ambition in all three countries, it has not been assessed systematically in this context. In this paper, we focus specifically on one aspect of inclusiveness by examining the wage inequality between five occupational levels in the manufacturing sector. Based on survey data of companies operating in the electronics, food and beverage, and garment sectors, we show that average wage levels have increased for all occupational levels (although at different rates). We observe a U-shaped wage growth distribution, and argue that this could be a result of automation, dependency on foreign buyers, or an oversupply of pre-employment training programs at the technician level. We further observe particularly high wage growth for lower occupational levels in Cambodia and Laos – indicating relatively inclusive wage growth. In Vietnam, however, there is a development towards more wage inequality. Lastly, our study finds a clear convergence effect in the manufacturing sector; here, improved market information or increased labor mobility and reallocation of (training) resources could be contributing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]