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Poetry's peripheral position in translation affects the book market by leaving its production to small and non-profit presses that compensate for their economic loss with state and cultural subsidies. This has been the reality in Slovakia during the last decade (2013-2023), with most poetry translations published by small semi-professional presses headed by single managers who, in most cases, happen to be authors, poets, and poetry translators themselves. In the period under review, 158 poetry translations were published by 24 presses, four of which published 88 of the collections (55.7%). The most prolific publishers include three presses run by poets - FACE (run by Ján Gavura), Skalná ruža (Juraj Kuniak), and Modrý Peter (Peter Milčák) - while the fourth press is Vydavateľstvo Spolku slovenských spisovateľov (VSSS), the publishing house of the Slovak Writers' Society. Each press has a specific policy of selection for publishing, with the diversity of poets being one of the main criteria, and translators' input being another. Unlike other genres of translation, the English language is not as dominant in the portfolio of the four most prolific presses, followed by Serbian and Polish. A semi-peripheral language position is held by Spanish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, and Slovenian, but there are also translations from other 13 languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the communication strategies of college students majoring in one of five modern foreign languages (i.e., English, French, German, Japanese, and Spanish) and their relation to communication confidence. It also explored the association between their strategy use and the difficulty regarding the speaking components, and students' feedback on pedagogical tasks to improve their speaking ability. A questionnaire survey of communication strategy was distributed to 538 college students in Taiwan, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 students. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the majored language and the use of communication strategies. Specifically, a one-way between-groups MANOVA revealed that the participants adopted the message reduction/alteration and fluency-oriented strategies frequently and equally, regardless of the language they studied. English and Spanish learners employed social affective, phonological awareness, and negotiation for meaning while speaking strategies more frequently than German learners. Students who reported difficulties in fluency, lexical resources, grammatical accuracy, and pronunciation while speaking the major language employed social affective strategies less frequently. Finally, students' preferences for particular tasks reflected the speaking components they wished to foster. It is concluded that lexical and grammatical knowledge should be emphasized first to build communication confidence and strengthen fluency. Plain language summary: Exploring How Students Learn Foreign Languages: Communication Approaches, Challenges, and Speaking Exercises This research looked into how college students who are studying different foreign languages (like English, French, German, Japanese, and Spanish) communicate and how confident they feel about it. It also checked if the strategies they use relate to how difficult they find speaking, and what they think about tasks meant to improve their speaking skills. I gave a survey about communication strategies to 538 college students in Taiwan, and interviewed 20 of them in more depth. The finding was that the language students were studying made a difference in the strategies they used. For example, students tended to use certain strategies, like simplifying their message or focusing on fluency, no matter which language they were learning. However, those learning English and Spanish used strategies related to social interaction, pronunciation, and understanding the meaning of what's being said more often compared to those learning German. Students who struggled with fluency, vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation tended to use social interaction strategies less often. Also, the tasks students preferred for improving their speaking skills matched up with the aspects of speaking they wanted to get better at. In conclusion, it seems like building up vocabulary and grammar knowledge first can help students feel more confident in their communication and improve how fluently they speak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance of research. The article examines the process of verb formation in Germanic languages, as well as the peculiarities of the grammatical semantics of verbs at different historical stages of the development of Germanic languages. Using the comparative-historical method, the functioning of verbs in texts of Germanic languages was investigated as an aspect of neurolinguistic science. Research results. The article proves that most modal verbs of Germanic languages have undergone significant semantic transformations. The study of texts of different historical stages of language development shows that verbs evolved through semantic transformation. Time frames of the formation of secondary semantics were revealed. The theoretical and practical significance lies in the fact that this research allows a detailed study of the features of the emergence of the primary, as well as the secondary, subjective semantics of verbs in Germanic languages from a neuroscientific point of view. It should be noted that the list of subjective values still raises many questions and discussions. The German language has an extremely clear system of means of expressing modal values. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the neurolinguistic approach to the study of the evolution of Germanic verbs. The article aims to study the evolution of verbs in the German language in the context of neurolinguistics. To achieve the goal, the method of comparative analysis was used. This made it possible to consider the evolution of the verb through a comparative study of texts at the main stages of speech development. To solve these problems, texts reflecting the state of the language at each historical stage were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusion of multilingual students—teachers' perceptions on language support models Ensuring the best possible support for multilingual students is a challenge for educational systems the world over. In Austria, new language support models, the so-called German language support classes (GLSC) and pull-out courses (POC), have been installed in the school year 2018/19. The new models offer language support in separate classrooms and have been strongly criticised since their implementation due to their segregative and assimilative character. This study aims to examine teachers' perceptions of language support models for multilingual students in Austria. For this purpose, a large-scale quantitative survey including 1,267 in-service teachers (mean age = 43.40) from eight of nine states in Austria was conducted. Results indicate that teachers perceive a segregated language learning setting more negative for the academic, social and emotional development of students compared to an inclusive one. Furthermore, they also experience that more resources are needed to adequately implement an inclusive learning environment for multilingual students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A permutation π in Sn can be decomposed into its runs π = τ1τ2 . . . τk, where a run of π is a maximal contiguous subsequence whose elements are in increasing order. If the first values of each run are in increasing order, then π is said to be flattened. Motivated by the study of flattened permutations, we study the words in the Danish, German, English, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, and Norwegian languages. In each language considered, our work provides the following: a list of the longest flattened words, histograms for the proportion of words aggregated by their length and number of runs, and histograms for flattened words aggregated by number of runs and length. We also analyze purely numeric languages whose words are of up to length seven and whose letters are elements of {1, 2, . . ., 9} so as to compare the distributions of natural languages to these numeric languages. We include a thorough description on our data gathering process, the code used for our analysis, and link to a webpage which implements the code and provides the histograms of our findings. We end with some directions for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research seeks to reveal the errors displayed by German language teachers and learners. Therefore, the researcher will investigate what types of errors appear in the German language learning process of teachers and learners and what error levels appear in the German language learning process of teachers and learners. The researcher uses error level analysis (James, 2013) divided into 3 main parts, namely substance errors, textual errors, and discourse errors. The results prove that substance errors and textual errors are found in the teacher. The substance errors are coding errors when speaking (mispronunciations) and decoding errors in reading (miscues). While the textual errors are errors in composing spoken text (misspeaking) and errors in composing written text (miswriting). Then, substance errors, textual errors, and discourse errors appear in the learners. In substance errors, there are coding errors in speaking (mispronunciations), coding errors in writing (misspellings), decoding errors in listening (misperceptions) and decoding errors in reading (miscues). In textual errors, errors in understanding spoken text (mishearing), and errors in understanding written text (misreading) were found. In discourse errors, errors in formulating oral discourse (misrepresenting) were found. Of the many errors, both teachers and learners excel in mispronunciations and misspeaking. Both need to hone their knowledge of the target language more deeply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through an innovative analysis of audio recordings of plenary speeches, Dietrich, Hayes, and O'Brien (2019) find that women in the U.S. House of Representatives speak with greater emotional intensity about women than other issues. With vocal pitch as a new measure of personal issue commitment, the finding suggests that women legislators' efforts to work on behalf of women result from intrinsic motivation. I ask whether the same is true in an alternative parliamentary setting, the German Bundestag, where personal preferences play a very different role due to strict party discipline. The answer is yes. Analyzing audio and text data from more than 30,000 speeches in the Bundestag between 2011 and 2020, I find that women in the Bundestag address women more frequently and with greater emotional intensity than men. The results suggest that women legislators are more emotionally invested in women-related issues than men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the influences of prosody on (im)politeness perception in intercultural communication. Based on empirical data collected in perceptual experiments, the paper compares the perception of the (im)politeness prosodic properties of L1 German speakers and L2 German speakers of Chinese origin. It was found that the two subject groups show clear distinctions in their (im)politeness perceptions and that prosodic features exert different impacts on (im)politeness perception: L2 German speakers of Chinese origin perceive lower acoustic intensity, more pauses, and lower muscle tension as indicators of higher level of politeness, whereas the opposite holds true for L1 German speakers. In addition, the former demonstrate higher sensitivity to speech rate and modal particle stress than the latter. The study's findings indicate that (im)politeness and prosody perception are influenced by people's first language and home-grown culture, and a prosodic mitigation strategy may not be fully applicable in intercultural communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We assessed the psychometric properties, established normative data for the German Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ), and analyzed its association with neuropsychiatric factors across the life span to provide a validated metamemory assessment for a German-speaking population. Methods: The three MMQ scales (memory satisfaction, self-rated ability, and strategy application) were translated into German, considering cultural, linguistic, and conceptual aspects. To validate the MMQ and assess associations with neuropsychiatric factors, the Complainer Profile Identification, Geriatric Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Short-Form-Health Survey were applied in an online study in 336 healthy participants with follow-up after 8 months. Results: Psychometric evaluation of the German MMQ showed normal distribution of all scales and good to excellent validity, internal consistency, and retest reliability. We provide percentiles and normative data for z-score conversion. Importantly, even subclinically elevated scores in depressiveness and anxiety were associated with decreased memory satisfaction and self-rated ability. Furthermore, although the influence of age on the German MMQ scales was minimal, effects of neuropsychiatric factors such as sleep quality, anxiety, and depressiveness on MMQ Satisfaction and Ability varied across the life span. Conclusions: Our study provides a validated German translation of the MMQ with normative data and reliability measures, including reliable change scores. We show the impact of neuropsychiatric factors on the MMQ scales across the life span and emphasize the relevance of a multifactorial approach to metamemory as a measure of individualized everyday functionality and the importance of including neuropsychiatric factors into both research and clinical assessments of metamemory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analyses and considerations in this study focus on the frequency of the imperative as a linguistic device in German travel online catalogue in 2017 and 2023. The analysis was carried out on texts from the German online catalogue TUI Afrika November 2021/October 2022. The results of the analysis were compared with the results of a 2014 study (Premrov 2014), which looked at texts from the German online catalogue Tui Länderkatalog Asien 2017/2018. The occurrence of imperatives as a persuasive linguistic device is discussed in more detail below. The analysis opened up new fields of investigation and raised new questions regarding the function of the imperative as a key word in German advertising language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid formations are forms of word formation that can be attributed to various factors and make a relevant contribution to the expansion of the German vocabulary. Globalisation, cultural interactions and new scientific findings can be cited as the origin of hybrid formations. The consequences of the creation and use of hybrid words are numerous, such as such as easier communication and perception, triggering of positive connotations and associations, language economics. The focus of this study was on the frequency of occurrence of nominal hybrid words and their orthography, as well as on the origin of the hybrid word components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Croatian Journal of Ethnology & Folklore Research / Narodna Umjetnost is the property of Institute of Ethnology & Folklore Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Swiss German dialects pose significant challenges for natural language processing (NLP) applications, due to their lack of standard orthography, linguistic diversity, and scarcity of annotated data. We introduce a novel method for normalizing Swiss German text to Standard German by employing the mT5 model, a cutting-edge large language model (LLM) that can perform various text-to-text transformations across multiple languages. Our approach not only aims to enhance the processing of Swiss German dialects but also seeks to broaden the understanding of the adaptability of pre-trained LLMs in the realm of dialect normalization. By fine-tuning the mT5 model across its small, base, and large variants with the SwissDial dataset under various hyperparameter settings, we evaluated the performance of these models using the character n-gram F-score (ChrF) and the COMET metrics. The results demonstrated that the mT5 model, particularly its smallest variant, can achieve high-quality normalization of Swiss German dialects with minimal performance differences between the model sizes. This indicates that the SwissDial dataset is sufficiently extensive for effective fine-tuning, suggesting that even less resource-intensive models are viable for this task. Our findings advocate for the potential of LLMs, like mT5, as powerful instruments for dialect normalization and other NLP challenges, offering a promising alternative to traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, I present a corpus-based study on putative restrictions on articles within German light verb constructions. It is commonly proposed that the nominal element within a light verb construction is either used without any article or that the definite article is clitizised onto a preceding preposition. Based on data collected from the German reference corpus, I show that this restriction does not hold. The analysis is based on a sample of 50 light verb constructions headed by the light verb stehen. I argue that light verb constructions are basically unrestricted concerning the PP-internal article, but light verb constructions show different preferences concerning article use. Thus, general claims concerning a restriction on article variance within German light verb constructions cannot be supported by actual language data. On the contrary, the result of the study reveals that restrictions on the article do neither present a criterion for identifying light verb constructions nor for distinguishing them from other types of predicative constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a database designed to evaluate students’ public speaking proficiency at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia: “La comunicazione accademica studentesca orale in LS (tedesco), L1 italiano” (Academic student oral communication in FL German, L1 Italian). Central to the project is the collection of audio and video recordings capturing student presentations delivered in German L2, which will be inserted into the BAS CLARIN Repository (Bavarian Archive for Speech Signals, LMU Munich). The corpus consists of audio and video material and is currently being constructed through various transcription phases, with special emphasis on the tool OCTRA for orthographic transcription and lexical recognition. A longitudinal study utilizes a sub-corpus of paired video recordings of the same students, taken two years apart, revealing valuable insights into rhetorical speech effects. The analysis aims to track changes or improvements in speaking proficiency over time, highlighting the development or persistence of skills, and exploring differences between self-assessment and external evaluations. Additionally, the study will investigate differences in presentation styles and effectiveness between in-person and online settings. Key aspects under examination include overall impression, clarity, naturalness, perceived competence, and speaking style, based on phonetic features such as speed, pausing, articulation precision, variation, and emphasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper stems from a larger research project that analyses a specific format of conversation circles in a German kindergarten with respect to its capacity to promote aspects of societal participation as well as language development. We present a case study of problem-solving strategies among preschoolers (6 years) in conversation circles that took place regularly in this kindergarten. We focus on children’s ability to speak about inner psychological experience (emotion, volition, cognition). This ability is a very essential in the field of interpersonal communication. It presupposes that a child can perceive and reflect on his own inner experience and that of other persons. Having laid out our theoretical starting points as well as the current research, we shall introduce our data, an excerpt from a conversation circle about a girl’s desire, for which the group is looking for solutions. Methodologically we employ a conversation analytic framework. Subsequently, the occurring linguistic terms for inner psychological experience (inner state terms) are listed, categorized and interpreted. It turns out that professionals and children have a variety of verbal, paraverbal, and nonverbal resources at their disposal to talk about inner state. Many formulations refer to the areas of emotion/ affect and evaluation/ graduation. The participants refer to each other in their utterances and adopt terms of inner experience from each other. Through such an empathic conversation dynamic and supported by the professionals, children can acquire the ability to talk about inner experience in a context-appropriate way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Glottodidactica is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Languages show variation in the encoding of plurality in the domain of foodstuffs. Some foodstuffs are lexicalized by singular mass nouns (e.g., garlic) and others by plural count nouns (e.g., beans). In the paper it is argued on the basis of German and Russian that there is no difference in meaning between these two forms: both denote aggregates as clusters of objects. Since objects are built into clusters, they are inaccessible for counting and both types of nouns uniformly behave like mass nouns. Such a uniform behavior would be unexplainable if these forms differed in meaning and the plural form were a regular count plural. This investigation suggests that two types of plural have to be distinguished: the mass aggregate plural, which indicates a clustered plurality of objects, and the count plural, which designates sets of disjoined objects. Regular plural markers may in principle be ambiguous between these two interpretations. However, if a plural marker is attached to a singulative or unit-denoting morpheme of a noun, the plural is unambiguously interpreted as count plural. The mass aggregate plural may receive a special morphological marking in some languages, as in Russian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of eHumanista is the property of Professor Antonio Cortijo-Ocana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we report on a task-based needs analysis (TBNA) for primary school-aged newcomers to Austria. 31% of Austria's primary school students learn German as L2 and thus a systematic analysis of their language learning needs is crucial. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and a survey was distributed. Results show 38 crucial target tasks for social and academic integration and their respective rankings regarding perceived frequency and the need for training. Triangulation of multiple sources and methods facilitated the identification of target tasks in various life domains and the development of detailed task descriptions along multiple task dimensions. Collectively, the results provide a basis for task selection, task sequencing, and the development of a meaningful syllabus for refugee/migrant populations at the primary school level in Austria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation for professional practice and dealing with communicative challenges in the context of academic and professional mobility ensure – beyond academic education – a wide range of courses for job-related language support at language schools. This article takes a look at the special knowledge and skills required in the university communication environment in order to highlight some of the challenges of acquiring German as an academic language and to emphasize the importance of writing support during studies, based on the importance of academic writing skills as a teaching and learning objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teaching Innovations / Inovacije u Nastavi is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Teacher Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present a learner corpus-based study of English article use ("a"/"the"/Ø) by L2 learners with four typologically distinct first languages (L1s): German and Brazilian Portuguese (both have articles), Chinese and Russian (no articles). We investigate several semantic and morphosyntactic factors—for example, specificity, prenominal modification that can affect article use. Our analysis of 660 written scripts from the Education First Cambridge Open Database confirms the lower overall accuracy of learners with no-article L1s. Our main finding is the differential effect of specificity on definite and indefinite articles: learners tend to associate specificity with "a," which implies article omission with nonspecific indefinite singulars and overuse of "a" with specific indefinite mass nouns. Prenominal modifiers further contribute to perceived specificity, leading to article overuse with modified indefinite mass nouns. However, in definite contexts, prenominal modifiers are associated with increased article omission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the so-called pseudocoordination two verbs show congruence as in normal coordination while referring to a single event. This article deals with the syntactic status of the pseudocoordination in Low German by means of an empirical survey. According to the results of the survey, most aspectual verbs are accepted as first verb, but the absentive verb and the cessative verb are not accepted. Moreover, in this construction the object cannot be moved leftward, which is possible in Swedish pseudocoordination. To explain its syntactic behaviour, this article hypothesizes that the pseudocoordination in Low German does not involve complementation and that aspectual verbs in Low German can stand independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a myth that says that the best standard German nationwide is spoken in Hanover. This article deals with the transmission of this myth in public discourse within the city of Hanover itself. The textual testimonies found (for example, on homepages, in literary works, or in advertising) were categorized according to different groups of people as well as economic and governmental institutions, and grouped into narrative patterns. This captured the knowledge and attitudes regarding the topos and revealed dominant thinking patterns. The results show that the myth is strongly anchored in the Hanoverian public in a variety of ways: sometimes it is propagated as fact, at other times it is toned down as hearsay; some perceive it as a trademark of Hanover, others view it critically against the background of the former city dialect (“Hannöversch”). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than 30 years, the inner-German border as a physical border between the GDR and FRG no longer exists. From a linguistic perspective, “unification” can be assumed. The linguistic differences between the former East and West Germans are smaller than those between the various German dialect speakers (cf. i. a. Hellmann 1984; Gärtig/Plewnia/Rothe 2010; Plewnia 2015). However, categories such as Ossi and Ostdeutsch or Wessi and Westdeutsch can still be found today, although the terms for the inhabitants of the GDR (Ossi, Ostdeutsch, Ostler etc.) are more productive. The physical inner-German border seems to have turned into a wall in people’s minds. This article takes up the current discourse and asks about the underlying patterns and frames that constitute this mental border or enable its reconstruction. Autobiographical narrative interviews with people of two age groups who grew up or were socialised at the former inner-German border serve as a basis for this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the perception of areal language structures by linguistic laypersons and is thus to be located in the field of perceptual dialectology. The central object of perceptual linguistic studies are listeners’ judgments, understood in the broadest sense as linguistic knowledge-based comments about language, speakers, or linguistic phenomena. Although perceputal dialectology has increasingly become a main topic in German linguistics in recent years, the spatial distribution areas of modern German regional languages are known in very few cases. The area under investigation in this study is the East Franconian-North Bavarian transitional area around the city of Nuremburg. Linguistically, this is a mixed area with elements of the East Franconian and the North Bavarian dialects. In the public perception, however, this area is usually perceived as belonging to (East) Franconian, which is reinforced by its political affiliation with the administrative district of Middle Franconia. By means of a perception test and a mental map task, the language border between East Franconian and North Baviarian is scrutinized from the perspective of linguistic laypersons. The results of both tests show that the two neighboring regional language systems are conceputalized as distinct entities and are perceptually distinct even in the supraregionally orientated, near-standard ways of speech. The results also prove that perceptual tests are a reliable method for exploring regional language borders from the listeners’ point of view and allow valid statements about the dynamics of regional language areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although automated spoken language assessment is rapidly growing, such systems have not been widely developed for signed languages. This study provides validity evidence for an automated web application that was developed to assess and give feedback on handshape and hand movement of L2 learners' Swiss German Sign Language signs. The study shows good machine-internal and human-machine agreement through many-facet Rasch analysis. Learner perceptions examined through questionnaire responses indicate that the automated system occasionally generated ratings which impacted the quality of feedback at the level of individual signs for individual learners. Implications are discussed from a learning-oriented assessment perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on neurodiversity in the context of linguistic heterogeneity. Based on empirical data from research projects on multilingual language acquisition, linguistic profiles of neurodivergent students with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and neurotypical students with refugee experience who acquire German as a second language will be described in detail. Based on the hypothesis that the nature of the learning needs of neurodivergent and neurotypical students may be different, but the patterns of the linguistic outcome appear to be similar, we discuss support in the foreign and second language classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Linguistische Berichte is the property of Helmut Buske Verlag Hamburg and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Qoran, commands are commonly used by the devine speaker to address Mohammed and further addressees. The imperative mode is used frequently, especially the imperative “say!” (qul). The imperative is a linguistic devise which is specific to discourses. Hence it will be argued that the Qoran is a discourse rather than a text in the proper sense. The qul-speech is closely related to the unwillingness of the addressees who do not believe in the prophethood of Mohammed. In German there are three lexicalized verbs for Arabic qul: sagen, sprechen, reden. These verbs differ semantically form each other: sagen puts the focus on the addressee, sprechen puts the focus on the proposition, and reden indicates a bidirectional communication. It will be shown how the Qoranic imperative qul is translated into German. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial crisis of 2007 and 2008 was a wake-up call for the banking sector. Since then, many activities have been taken to improve the stability of the financial industry. Our paper aims to derive a risk-related tone from the top that enables top management to equalise their employees' risk behaviour and align the desired risk behaviour with the bank's risk appetite. Even though individual fragments of measures and requirements to implement a risk-related tone from the top have emerged over the years, a holistic picture is still waiting to be established. Especially the normative management is crucial for implementing a risk-related tone from the top as this channel supports top management in communicating the core values. To gain news insights into the tone from the top and the top managements' communication behaviour, we use a sequential explanatory mixed method approach. Our aim is to unite the positions of research and supervision. Therefore, we start with a comprehensive literature review to identify the relevant research streams. Building on this theoretical fundament, we evaluate practitioners' communication behaviour quantitatively via a questionnaire with a sample size of 197 German regional banks. Qualitatively, we analyse the communication behaviour via eight interviews with CEOs of German regional banks. For the supervisory perspective, we build on the FSB 'Guidance on Supervisory Interaction with Financial Institutions on Risk Culture'. This guidance not only emphasises the importance of the tone from the top, but also provides a first holistic picture of supervisory efforts on the topic. In summary, we consolidate the results from research, supervision and practice to derive a holistic picture for the implementation of a risk-related tone from the top. Finally, our holistic integration reveals future directions for research, supervision and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text explores the concept of social identities and their role in shaping a sense of self. It argues against the prevalent essentialist view of identities and emphasizes their contextual and situational nature. The text uses the example of the German community in Nueva Germania, Paraguay to illustrate how identities are performative and require adherence to certain customs and behaviors. It also discusses different perspectives on personal identity, such as Locke's view of consciousness and Hume's idea of perceptions. The text suggests that social identities contribute to the sense of self by providing psychological connectedness and highlights the constructed and imaginary nature of personal and social identities. It concludes by acknowledging the complexity of personal identity and the potential for challenging essentialist identities through collaborative and multi-media ethnographic methods. [Extracted from the article]

This paper shows (a) how the concept of the linguistic market can be operationalized as an index to enable its inclusion as a factor in variationist analysis and (b) how this index helps to explain sociolinguistic variation in a diglossic situation. To do this, sociolinguistic interviews were conducted in Swiss Standard German among 16 L1-dialect-speakers aged between 19 and 40 from Biel/Bienne in western Switzerland. Drawing from participants' self-assessments of the importance of Standard German in their professional life, a linguistic market index (LMI) was created and cross-validated with external assessments. Our variationist analysis considered four phonetic-phonological variables—/k/, /ç/, /aː/, /ɛ-ɛː/—for which typical Swiss variants (i.e., sociolinguistic stereotypes) exist. Findings show that the LMI is crucial for explaining variation in all the variables tested. Other social (i.e., gender and formality of the language production task) and linguistic factors (e.g., phonetic environment) show partial effects as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent work found a correspondence between consonant clustering probability in monosyllabic lexemes and the three vowel types, short and long monophthong and diphthong, in German dialects. Furthermore, that correspondence was found to be bound to a North–South divide. This paper explores the preferences in consonant clustering of particular vowels by analyzing the PhonD2-Corpus, a large database of phonotactic and morphological information. The clustering probability of the diphthongs is positively correlated with frequency while the other vowels showed particular preferences that are not positively correlated with frequency. However, all of them are determined by a threefold pattern: short monophthongs prefer coda clusters, diphthongs onset clusters and long monophthong are balanced. Furthermore, it was found that this threefold pattern seems to have evolved from an originally twofold pattern (short monophthong prefers coda clusters and long monophthong and diphthong prefer onset clusters) in Middle High and Low German. This result is then further considered under the aspect of the compensation of the syllable weight and moraicity. Furthermore, some interesting parallels with the syllable vs. word-language typology framework are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Larsson et al. (2020) emphasize the importance of taking linguistic variables (e.g., verb type) into consideration in studies of adverb placement. This study looks at the positional distribution of 15 epistemic adverbs from texts written by L1 Turkish, German, and English students, with the aim of testing whether the findings from Larsson et al. can be generalized to a different register (argumentative writing) and a typologically more distant language (Turkish). We also revisit the question of whether there is L1 transfer. The results confirm Larsson et al.'s finding that the main predictors of adverb placement are linguistic, although some register differences were noted, such as higher frequencies of adverbs in the argumentative texts. Furthermore, the L1 Turkish students made especially frequent use of the clause-initial position (e.g., probably she is here). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Historical Journal / Historijski Zbornik is the property of Drustvo za Hrvatsku Povjesnicu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Rechtsextremismusforschung is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lengas is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The starting point of the present article is the usage of mass nouns with indefinite articles, known from modern Bavarian and neighbouring dialects. Our analysis is dedicated to the use of the indefinite article varying with bare nouns in a historical perspective, based on a cookbook handwritten in 1556 in the East Swabian variety of Augsburg, containing about 900 instances of mass nouns with and without articles. Like in modern Bavarian, the readings OBJECT and QUALITY can be distinguished. A comparison with the de-nominals in Old Spanish recipes shows that the indefinite articles appear in equivalent positions with mass nouns mostly denoting non-specific regular objects as instantiations of the kind. The discussion of quantifiers and measuring expressions shows a special syntactic and semantic behaviour of ain wenig 'a little'. The final discussion leads to the assumption that the indefinite article does not formally express a partitive relation, but, at most, produces partitive effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía (0185-3481) is the property of Universidad Iberoamericana Cuidad de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Umsatzsteuer-Rundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The role of non-kin caregivers, such as friends, neighbours, and acquaintances, in providing end-of-life care is significant but often overlooked in research and policy discussions. These caregivers provide extensive support for individuals in end-of-life care, in addition to or instead of family members. However, there is limited evidence in the literature regarding the experiences, burdens, and benefits of non-kin caregivers. Aims: The aim of this research is to examine the role and contributions of non-kin caregivers in end-of-life care. The study intends to uncover their experiences, associated challenges, benefits, and requirements for support. Methods: In order to achieve this objective, a mixed-methods approach will be employed, gathering data through structured questionnaires from approximately 150 non-kin caregivers and in-depth interviews with up to 25 participants. The questionnaires will measure the impact, burden, and benefits of caregiving. The Burden Scale for Family Caregivers, the Benefits of Being a Caregiver Scale, the Family Inventory of Needs, the Positive Mental Health Scale, a Graphic Closeness Scale, and selected items of the Eurofamcare Common Assessment Tool for socio-demographic and caregiving-related data will be used. Quantitative data will be analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28 for descriptive analysis and group comparison. The objective of the qualitative in-depth interviews is to obtain a comprehensive picture of the personal experiences, motivations and support needs of members of the non-kin caregivers cohort, who are as heterogeneous as possible in terms of gender, socio-economic status, and facility with the German language. The qualitative data from the interviews will be examined using MAXQDA software, adopting a grounded theory approach for analysis. Discussion: This research will develop a comprehensive framework that captures the nuanced experiences of non-kin caregivers at the end of life. The framework will identify areas where support for non-kin caregivers is lacking and where further research is needed. Trial registration: The study was prospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien) (Registration N° DRKS00033889; date of registration: 05 April 2024). The study is searchable under the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal of the World Health Organization, under the German Clinical Trials Register number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the significant role of scientific knowledge pertaining to public health, the discipline of public health remained outside the centre stage within the pandemic discourse. Against this background, we investigated the role of German public health academics during the pandemic in our study, focusing on their orientations and associated values. Methods: We interviewed 21 public health scholars from Germany and collected 36 documents published by public health scientific societies. We analyzed data by grounded theory and situational mapping. Results: We identified five types of self-images identified among healthcare academics: the scientific study supplier, the expert facing political issues, the restrained scholar, the public informer and the changemaker. The typology yields insights into the multiple dimensions of public health and its role in times of crisis. Conclusions: The findings provide implications to inter- and transdisciplinary interaction and to managing the expectations of public health professionals in relation to crisis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compound words exhibit properties of both single words and phrases, raising the question of the extent to which compounds are processed as single units or as word combinations. Most studies have addressed this in Germanic languages (English, German and Dutch) which have the similar compound structure of modifier-head ordering. To see whether this limits our understanding of compound word processing and to examine compound decomposition in another language, we presented Persian stimuli auditorily in a paradigm involving typing out stimuli. We examined the effects of semantic transparency, modifier-head ordering and the potential differences between attached compounds written without spaces and those with a space between the constituents. We report the inter-keystroke-interval times, yielding letterby-letter production of compound structures produced by 31 native speakers of Persian. Results analyzed in a linear mixed-model regression analysis suggested that, for all compounds, typing speed is slowed at the boundary between the constituents of Persian compound words. These effects, which we interpret to be evidence of morphological decomposition, were present for both semantically transparent and opaque compounds, for both head-initial and head-final compounds, and for both attached and spaced compounds. We observed greater morphological decomposition effects in semantically transparent (versus opaque) compounds. We also observed that the way transparency influences the degree of decomposition is moderated by headedness. Thus, this first report for the written production of compound words confirms previous observations of significant decomposition at morphological boundaries in English compounds, but with variation specific to Persian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Thriving from Work questionnaire is a comprehensive indicator of positive well-being for employees, applicable in both research and practical contexts. Current discussions underline the crucial impact that employment should have in enriching workers' lives positively and meaningfully, along with the necessity for accurate and dependable tools to assess employee well-being. This study investigated the reliability, validity, and dimensionality of the translated German adaptation of the Thriving from Work questionnaire developed by Peters and colleagues [1, 2]. The questionnaire assesses work-related well-being with 30 items clustered in six domains: emotional and psychological well-being, social well-being, work-life integration, physical and mental well-being, basic needs for thriving, and experiences of work. Methods: This study aimed to convert the Thriving at Work Questionnaire from English into German. We assessed the psychometric characteristics of the German version of the questionnaire by using item response theory with a sample of 567 German employees and examined its criterion validity. Results: We found that the long and short German Thriving from Work questionnaire versions are reliable with good construct validity. Criterion validity was demonstrated by relationships with important work and life outcomes, such as life satisfaction, trust in the organizations' management, general well-being, work-related fatigue, and work stress. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that the German language version of the questionnaire is both a reliable and valid measure of employee well-being. We discuss recommendations for further adaptation and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractEducation systems around the world have been grappling with the task of including multilingual students. To achieve this objective, multilingual students in Austria have been receiving parallel instruction in segregated classrooms since the 2018/19 school year. These measures have been the subject of criticism, particularly in terms of their practical feasibility due to limited space and staff resources, as well as their effectiveness in terms of students’ academic, linguistic, and socio-emotional development and their fundamental normative value (i.e. legitimacy). To add a new perspective, this study employs qualitative data to clarify public administration employees’ stances on the perceived feasibility, effectiveness, and legitimacy of German language support measures. The results of a reflexive thematic analysis reveal that most participants hold negative perceptions of perceived feasibility, particularly concerning spatial and personnel resources as well as class composition. Findings also indicate that participants convey a critical outlook on the effectiveness of the German language support measures in terms of students’ general academic progress and socio-emotional development. Interestingly, the findings suggest that, despite clear negative assessments, there exist conflicting and indecisive views pertaining to perceived legitimacy. The results presented in this study hold significant implications for research efforts that prioritize language and diversity considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical literacy (PL) is a lifelong process of developing the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding to value and take responsibility for engaging in physical activity throughout life. It is also an important concept for understanding and promoting physical activity in children and adolescents and is becoming a theoretical basis for analysing physical education in schools. One of the best known, well-operationalised assessments of PL is the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy – CAPL-2. The aim of the study was to translate and culturally adapt the CAPL-2 questionnaires in two EU languages, German and Polish. Data from Poland and Germany were combined for this study, with a total sample size of N=802, consisting of 58.6% Polish and 41.4% German students. We used the TRAPD (the Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pre-test and Documentation) approach to translate the CAPL-2 questionnaires. The main results of this study show that the proposed Polish and German versions of the CAPL-2 questionnaires are satisfactory for use in research or for teachers to assess PL in physical education. Our results also indicate better predictive characteristics of the CAPL-2 questionnaires for children who are very close to or who meet the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations for health as defined by the WHO. We recommend that adaptations be made that are consistent with the original Canadian version, but which are deeply embedded in the language and culture of the country in question, especially in their wording and terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Pain is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and impairs quality of life. The King's PD pain questionnaire (KPPQ) is a standardized, reliable, and valid self‐administered questionnaire for screening of pain in PD. We developed a linguistically validated German version of the KPPQ and applied it to a cohort with fluctuating PD. Methods. The interculturally adapted German translation was performed according to internationally accepted procedures in coordination with the authors of the original publication but without further psychometric validation. After final approval by all translators and original authors, the German version was then tested for feasibility and comprehension in 30 PD patients. After final adaption, the German KPPQ together with the German quantitative KPPS were applied to an independent cohort of fluctuating PD patients within the VALIDATE‐PD study. Results. The use of the German version of the KPPQ in clinical practice or in the VALIDATE‐PD study revealed no significant problems of understanding. Sufficient datasets were available from 47 patients with motor fluctuations (24 (51%) males, 23 (49%) females; median (interquartile range (IQR)) age: 65 (58‐73) years; median (IQR) Hoehn and Yahr stage: 2.5 [2‐3]). Total pain was reported by 43 (92%) of participants with a median number of 4 (IQR: 2‐5) pain subtypes. We did not observe any associations of total pain frequency, neither with gender nor with other demographic or clinical parameters. Conclusions. The German version of the KPPQ is recommended as a questionnaire for assessing the frequency of pain and its subtypes in PD in clinical studies and/or routine care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]