Search

This study examines the semantic features and transformation of meaning in the verbs of motion fall and run in English and Russian language in a contextualized setting, and compares them with native speakers’ perception of the verbs with no surrounding context. It uses frame semantics as a guiding tool to discern which mental images are evoked and transformed and attempts to apply it to stimulus-reaction bonds provided in the associative thesauruses. As the study shows, there is a considerable difference in perception of the motion verbs fall and run and their use. The perception is largely coherent with the use of verbs in their prototypical setting. The meanings of verbs in context has a much greater range and transformations of meaning is largely influenced by surrounding context, including the elements that pertain to spatial positioning and the grammatical properties of the verbs. Данное исследование рассматривает семантические особенности и трансформации значения глаголов падать и бегать/бежать в русском и английском языках, в контекстуальном окружении и вне его. Исследование пользуется фреймовой семантикой как главным инструментом для определения мысленных образов, которые возникают и трансформируются, и пытается применить ее к связям между стимулом и реакцией, представленным в ассоциативных словарях. Как показывает исследование, существует значительная разница в восприятии глаголов движения и их употребления. Восприятие глаголов в большой степени совпадает с употреблением глаголов в прототипичном окружении. Значения анализируемых глаголов в контексте имеют гораздо больший диапазон, и на их трансформации очень влияет окружающий контекст, включая элементы, относящиеся к пространственному расположению, а также и грамматические свойства глаголов.

Values, as intended in ethics, determine the shape and validity of moral and social norms, grounding our everyday individual and community behavior on commonsense knowledge. The attempt to untangle human moral and social value-oriented structure of relations requires investigating both the dimension of subjective human perception of the world, and socio-cultural dynamics and multi-agent social interactions. Formalising latent moral content in human interaction is an appealing perspective that would enable a deeper understanding of both social dynamics and individual cognitive and behavioral dimension. To formalize this broad knowledge area, in the context of ValueNet, a modular ontology representing and operationalising moral and social values, we present two modules aiming at representing two main informal theories in literature: (i) the Basic Human Values theory by Shalom Schwartz and (ii) the Moral Foundations Theory by Graham and Haidt. ValueNet is based on reusable Ontology Design Patterns, is aligned to the DOLCE foundational ontology, and is a component of the Framester factual-linguistic knowledge graph.

Mares and Goldblatt (The Journal of Symbolic Logic, 71(01), 163–187, 2006) provided an alternative frame semantics for two quantified extensions of the relevant logic R. In this paper, I show how to extend the Mares-Goldblatt frames to accommodate identity. Simpler frames are provided for two zero-order logics en route to the full logic in order to clarify what is needed for identity and substitution, as opposed to quantification. I close with a comparison of this work with the Fine-Mares models for relevant logics with identity and a discussion of constant and variable domains.

Resumo: Este artigo vincula-se a uma tese doutoral cujo objetivo foi compreender, por meio da identificacao de diferentes instanciacoes de frames semânticos, as redes de significado que (re)enquadram os direitos humanos e reprodutivos das mulheres no contexto das audiencias publicas que debateram a Sugestao Legislativa (SUG) no 15/2014 – tal proposta visou a regular o aborto nas primeiras doze semanas de gestacao (SANTOS, 2020). Especificamente, o texto trata de alguns desdobramentos analiticos possibilitados pela integracao da ferramenta de analise qualitativa NVivo ao recurso Sketch Engine, tendo em vista a necessidade de segmentacao do corpus em unidades tematicas para posterior processamento dos dados no concordanciador. De modo a abordar tal percurso, o artigo discute a identificacao de frames no discurso dos defensores da proposta da SUG no 15, cujas escolhas lexicais refletem a conceptualizacao do abortamento como questao de saude publica e de justica social. Como resultados, o artigo destaca que o uso integrado de diferentes ferramentas de analise empirica permite uma descricao baseada em corpus que evidencia a dimensao multifacetada do frame semântico – uma estrutura sociocognitiva que se constroi nos entrelacamentos entre lexico, discurso e cognicao. Palavras-chave: Linguistica de Corpus ; Semântica de Frames; Sugestao Legislativa n.o 15/2014; direitos reprodutivos. Abstract: This article relates to a Ph.D. thesis which aimed at comprehending, throughout the identification of different semantic frame instantiations, the meaning networks that (re)frame women’s human and reproductive rights in the context of the public hearings that discussed the SUG no. 15/2014 – such a proposal intended to regulate abortion in the first twelve weeks of pregnancy, in Brazil (SANTOS, 2020). Specifically, the text presents some analytical developments made available by the integration of the qualitative analysis tool NVivo to the Sketch Engine tool, considering the need of a corpus segmentation into thematic units for a later processing of these data in a concordancer. In order to discuss this process, the article describes the identification of frames within the discourse of the ones that advocate for the SUG proposal, whose lexical choices reflect the conceptualization of abortion as a public heath matter, as well as a social justice one. Concerning the results, the article emphasizes that the integrated usage of different tools devoted to empirical analysis allows a corpus-based description that reveals the multifaceted dimension of a semantic frame – a socio-cognitive structure that is built in the interconnections between lexicon, discourse and cognition. Keywords: Corpus Linguistics; Frame Semantics; SUG no. 15/2014; reproductive rights.

1 33 7 21 M50 М53 U radu se daje kratak prikaz teorije semantike okvira, na kojoj je zasnovana leksička baza Frejmnet. Predstavljena je koncepcija ove mreže, kao i mogućnosti njene primene. Predstavljena je i leksička analiza koja se primenjuje u projektu izrade Frejmneta i ukazano na razlike između analize zasnovane na okviru u odnosu na analizu zasnovanu na reči. Zatim je prikazano nekoliko povezanih okvira koje prizivaju reči iz domena rizika. U radu je predstavljena i platforma NLTК pomoću koje se mogu koristiti razni jezički resursi, među njima i Frejmnet. Završno poglavlje pruža analizu imenice rizik na korpusu rudarstva. Predstavljeni su najčešći kolokati ove imenice, skica njene upotrebe, konkordance za pojedine modele, pronalaženje sinonima i povezanih reči u vidu tezaurusa, grafički prikaz frekvencija pojedinih kolokacija, kao i oblaka reči. This paper gives a short overview of the frame semantics theory that forms the theoretical basis of the Berkeley FrameNet project. We present the basic concepts of this database, as well as the possibility of implementing it in Serbian. We also take a close look at the lexical analysis used in the FrameNet development project and point out the differences between the frame-based lexical analysis and its word-based counterpart. This is followed by an illustration of a couple of related frames evoked by words from the risk domain. FrameNet data is also readily available through the Python API included in the NLTК (Natural Language Toolkit) suite, which provides a good natural language processing resource. The last chapter shows a corpus search of the noun risk in a mining-themed corpus. We also present its most common collocates, word sketch, individual pattern concordances, thesaurus entry of its synonyms and related words, collocation frequency graphs. A word cloud for the word risk is also included.

This article examines linguistic framing of Medellin as the city of the musical genre reggaeton in online media discourse, drawing on Fillmore’s frame semantics theory (1977). The most salient frames applied towards Medellin are those of centrality, home, and music, whereby the city’s global significance as a musical hub is emphasized through the terms belonging to the frame of world. The use of components from the frames of crime and drugs suggests that the drug-related past of Medellin is integrated into its new cultural profile. Another part of the new Medellin brand are the city’s residents themselves, who are credited with supporting local reggaetonero/as, and are typically referred to with overtly positive vocabulary from the frames of love, help, and home. Although some texts evoke negative stereotypes about reggaeton, the media mostly present the Medellin reggaeton scene through the frames of success, power, and business.

The article considers the possibility of synthesizing the system of poetics on the basis of cognitology, in this case - the theory of frames. The frame poetics is able to provide motivation where classical, non-classical or postnonclassical cannot offer convincing motivations. Poetics develops according to the laws of human thinking, in particular fixed in the frame theory. Therefore, we have reason to use frames in literary studies, because the frame is a natural segmentation of thinking in literature as well as in any field of science. The problem of genre definitions and genre transformations in modern novel forms has created a crisis of genre delineation. Frame theory allows to solve this problem of genre definition. Оr look at the genre in a new way, contributing to the conclusion of a new genre gestalt. The formation of different modern novel forms is considered in the aspect of the evolution of different types of poetics, which were concluded by mankind throughout its existence. Poetics is a mental mnemonic system of recoding reality or fiction into the figurative world of a work of art. Postnonclassical poetics, which is represented primarily in the works of postmodernists, has ceased to meet the needs of literary analysis, as it no longer has time to generate theoretical approaches due to the many modifications of the modern novel. Thus, there was a problem of inventing a different approach to the analysis of the current state of novel. Poetics is renewed in order to provide a comprehensive analysis of the structure of thinking of the artistic phenomenon and loses relevance when it does not provide such an opportunity. The nature of thinking is immutable and consistent in the principles of thought construction, and therefore, frame poetics is an evolutionary product of all previous types of poetics. It cannot contradict classical or postnonclassical poetics because it is a question of purely cognitive regularities. The sources of basic ideas for the creation of frame poetics of literature are the theory of frames from M. Minsky to I. Hoffman and W. Wachstein, frame semantics in linguistics from C. Fillmore to S. Shid, the theory of psychological patterns by E. de Bono and dynamic patterns by N. Babutz with a projection on French literature of the modernist era, interdisciplinary methodology of cognitive literary criticism and Gestalt theory from T. Kuhn and I. Prigogine to K. Aidukevich and T. Kotarbinsky, and finally, iconology as a principle of embodied frame unfolding by E. Panufsky, N. Goodman to E. Cassirer, J. Richardson and W. T. Mitchell.

La plupart des dictionnaires spécialisés de termes environnementaux en mandarin sont des dictionnaires papier, compilés et révisés il y a plus de dix ans, et contiennent principalement des termes nominaux. Les informations terminologiques se limitent aux connaissances véhiculées par le terme et son ou ses équivalents anglais. Pour les lecteurs qui souhaitent connaître les propriétés sémantiques ou syntaxiques des termes et pour les lecteurs qui veulent voir l’usage des termes dans des contextes réels de textes spécialisés, les informations fournies par les dictionnaires existants sont insuffisantes. Dans cette recherche, nous avons compilé une ressource terminologique en ligne du mandarin, décrivant les termes verbaux chinois dans le domaine du changement climatique. Cette ressource comble certaines des lacunes des dictionnaires environnementaux mandarin existants, en révélant le(s) sens du terme à travers la(les) structure(s) actantielle(s) et en montrant, à travers des contextes annotés, les propriétés sémantiques et syntaxiques du terme ainsi que ses usages pratiques dans des textes spécialisés. Cette ressource répondra mieux aux besoins du public. La base théorique qui sous-tend cette recherche est la Sémantique des cadres (Fillmore, 1976, 1977, 1982, 1985; Fillmore & Atkins, 1992), et le FrameNet construit à partir de celle-ci. L’objectif principal de cette recherche est de découvrir et de définir des cadres sémantiques chinois dans le domaine du changement climatique, et d’établir des relations entre les cadres chinois définis. Les cadres sémantiques chinois sont découverts à l’aide de la méthodologie du dictionnaire environnemental multilingue DiCoEnviro (et de sa ressource d’accompagnement Framed DiCoEnviro) (L’Homme, 2018; L’Homme et al., 2020). Afin de rendre cette méthodologie applicable à une langue sino-tibétaine, le chinois, nous avons modifié et adapté cette méthodologie pour qu’elle convienne à la description des termes chinois et à la définition des cadres sémantiques chinois. Certaines de ces modifications et adaptations sont basées sur le Chinese FrameNet (CFN) (Liu & You, 2015). Afin de découvrir les cadres sémantiques chinois, un corpus monolingue en chinois mandarin sur le changement climatique (MCCC) a d’abord été compilé. Ce corpus contient 224 textes iv authentiques chinois spécialisés dans le domaine du changement climatique, qui totalisent 1,228,333 caractères chinois, soit 547,592 mots chinois. Puis, les termes candidats ont été automatiquement extraits du MCCC à l’aide du logiciel de gestion et d’analyse de corpus – Sketch Engine. Après une analyse et une validation manuelle, nous avons déterminé quels termes candidats sont des termes réels. Par la suite, la structure actancielle de chaque terme a été écrite en analysant les contextes où le terme apparaît. Ensuite, chaque sens d’un terme polysémique a été placé dans une entrée séparée et 16-20 contextes ont été sélectionnés pour chaque entrée. Puis, chaque contexte a été annoté en fonction de trois couches – structure sémantique, fonction syntaxique et groupe syntaxique. Ensuite, les termes ont été classés en fonction des scénarios qu’ils évoquent. Les termes qui dépeignent la même scène ou situation dans le domaine du changement climatique, qui ont une structure actantielle similaire et qui partagent la majorité des circonstants sont classés dans un seul cadre sémantique (critères basés sur le projet DiCoEnviro (L’Homme, 2018; L’Homme et al., 2020)). Après avoir identifié les cadres sémantiques chinois, chaque cadre a été défini. Enfin, les cadres chinois découverts ont été reliés selon les huit types de relations entre cadres proposés par Ruppenhofer et al. (2016). Pour être affichés en ligne, les entrées de termes et les cadres sémantiques ont été encodés dans des fichiers XML. Guidés par cette méthodologie de recherche, nous avons finalement relevé 23 cadres sémantiques chinois et nous les avons définis. Le résultat final de cette recherche est une ressource terminologique en chinois mandarin basée sur des cadres et spécialisée dans le domaine du changement climatique. Cette ressource terminologique se compose de deux parties. La première partie est la description d’un total de 39 termes verbaux chinois. Chaque sens d’un terme verbal polysémique étant placé dans une entrée séparée, il y a au total 59 entrées (chaque entrée contient la structure actantielle et les contextes annotés). Au total, 1,027 contextes ont été annotés. La deuxième partie de cette ressource présente les 23 cadres sémantiques chinois identifiés ainsi que les relations entre les cadres., Most of the existing Mandarin Chinese specialised dictionaries of environmental terms are paper dictionaries, compiled and revised more than ten years ago, and contain mainly noun terms. Terminological information is restricted to knowledge conveyed by the term and its English equivalent(s). For readers who want to learn about semantic or syntactic properties of terms and for readers who want to see usage of terms in real contexts of specialised texts, information provided in existing dictionaries is insufficient. In this research, we compiled an online Mandarin Chinese terminological resource, describing Chinese verb terms in the field of climate change. This resource makes up for some of the deficiencies of existing Chinese environmental dictionaries, revealing meaning(s) of the term through actantial structure(s) and showing, through annotated contexts, semantic and syntactic properties of the term as well as its practical usages in specialised texts. This resource better meets the needs of the audience. The theoretical basis underpinning this research is Frame Semantics (Fillmore, 1976, 1977, 1982, 1985; Fillmore & Atkins, 1992), and the FrameNet built from it. The main objective of this research is to discover and define Chinese semantic frames in the field of climate change, and to establish relations between the Chinese frames defined. The Chinese semantic frames are discovered with the help of the methodology of the multilingual environmental dictionary DiCoEnviro (and its accompanying resource Framed DiCoEnviro) (L’Homme, 2018; L’Homme et al., 2020). In order to make this methodology applicable to a Sino-Tibetan language, Chinese, we modified and adapted this methodology to suit the description of Chinese terms and definition of Chinese semantic frames. Some of the changes and adaptations are based on the Chinese FrameNet (CFN) (Liu & You, 2015). In order to discover Chinese semantic frames, a monolingual Mandarin (Chinese) Climate Change Corpus (MCCC) was first compiled. This corpus contains 224 authentic Chinese specialised texts in the field of climate change, totaling 1,228,333 Chinese characters, which is 547,592 Chinese words. Following this, candidate terms were automatically extracted from MCCC using the corpus ii management and analysing software – Sketch Engine. After manual analysis and validation, which of the candidate terms are true terms was clarified. Subsequently, the actantial structure of each term was written by analysing the contexts where the term occurs. Next, each sense of a polysemous term was placed in a separate entry and 16-20 contexts were selected for each entry. Then, each context was annotated in terms of three layers – semantic structure, syntactic function and syntactic group. After this, the terms were classified according to the scenarios they evoke. Terms that depict the same scene or situation in the field of climate change, have similar actantial structure, and share the majority of circumstants are categorised into one semantic frame (criteria based on the project DiCoEnviro (L’Homme, 2018; L’Homme et al., 2020)). After Chinese semantic frames were identified, each frame was defined. Finally, the discovered Chinese frames were linked according to the eight types of frame relations proposed by Ruppenhofer et al. (2016). To be displayed online, term entries and semantic frames were encoded in XML files. Guided by this research methodology, we eventually discovered and defined 23 Chinese semantic frames. The end result of this research is a frame-based Mandarin Chinese terminological resource specialised in the field of climate change. This terminological resource consists of two parts. The first part is the description of a total of 39 Chinese verb terms. With each meaning of a polysemous verb term placed in a separate entry, there are a total of 59 entries (each entry contains the actantial structure and annotated contexts). A total of 1,027 contexts were annotated. The second part of this resource presents the 23 Chinese semantic frames identified as well as the relations between frames.

In this paper we present a linguistic description of the specialized lexicon accounting for terms of the environment in Brazilian Portuguese based on the lexico-semantic approach for Terminology (L’HOMME, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020; L’HOMME; ROBICHAUD; SUBIRATS, 2014, 2020). This research is carried out in collaboration with DiCoEnviro (Dictionnaire Fondamental de l’Environnment – Fundamental Dictionary on the environment, a multilingual terminological resource developed by the Observatoire de Linguistique Sens Texte at the University of Montreal, Canada) to prepare the Portuguese version of the dictionary. The methodology applied is lexicon-driven and bottom-up by means of which terms are extracted, selected and analysed. We present the three levels of linguistic description in DiCoEnviro: i) a lexical resource, ii) contextual annotations and iii) semantic frames module. Our research is an ongoing project to increase the number of entries, lexical relations and semantic frames that represent the environment in the Portuguese version of DiCoEnviro. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma descrição linguística do léxico especializado em português brasileiro, referente à temática do meio ambiente, a partir da abordagem léxico-semântica da Terminologia (L’HOMME 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020; L’HOMME; ROBICHAUD; SUBIRATS, 2014, 2020). Esta pesquisa é realizada em colaboração com o DiCoEnviro (Dictionnaire Fondamental de l’Environnment - Dicionário Fundamental do Meio Ambiente, do Observatoire de Linguistique Sens Texte, Universidade de Montreal, Canadá), para a preparação da versão em Língua Portuguesa do dicionário. A metodologia conduz a pesquisa terminológica a partir do léxico, de modo ascendente, por meio da qual os termos são extraídos, selecionados e analisados. Apresentamos os três níveis de descrição no DiCoEnviro: i) um recurso lexical, ii) um campo de anotações contextuais, e iii) um módulo de frames semânticos. A pesquisa está em andamento de modo a ampliar o número de entradas, de relações lexicais e de frames semânticos que representam o meio ambiente na versão em português do DiCoEnviro.

This article presents the first output of the Dutch FrameNet annotation tool, which facilitates both referential- and frame-annotations of language-independent corpora. On the referential level, the tool links in-text mentions to structured data, grounding the text in the real world. On the frame level, those same mentions are annotated with respect to their semantic sense. This way of annotating not only generates a rich linguistic dataset that is grounded in real-world event instances, but also guides the annotators in frame identification, resulting in high inter-annotator-agreement and consistent annotations across documents and at discourse level, exceeding traditional sentence level annotations of frame elements. Moreover, the annotation tool features a dynamic lexical lookup that increases the development of a cross-domain FrameNet lexicon.

This article presents the first output of the Dutch FrameNet annotation tool, which facilitates both referential- and frame-annotations of language-independent corpora. On the referential level, the tool links in-text mentions to structured data, grounding the text in the real world. On the frame level, those same mentions are annotated with respect to their semantic sense. This way of annotating not only generates a rich linguistic dataset that is grounded in real-world event instances, but also guides the annotators in frame identification, resulting in high inter-annotator-agreement and consistent annotations across documents and at discourse level, exceeding traditional sentence level annotations of frame elements. Moreover, the annotation tool features a dynamic lexical lookup that increases the development of a cross-domain FrameNet lexicon.

This article presents the first output of the Dutch FrameNet annotation tool, which facilitates both referential- and frame-annotations of language-independent corpora. On the referential level, the tool links in-text mentions to structured data, grounding the text in the real world. On the frame level, those same mentions are annotated with respect to their semantic sense. This way of annotating not only generates a rich linguistic dataset that is grounded in real-world event instances, but also guides the annotators in frame identification, resulting in high inter-annotator-agreement and consistent annotations across documents and at discourse level, exceeding traditional sentence level annotations of frame elements. Moreover, the annotation tool features a dynamic lexical lookup that increases the development of a cross-domain FrameNet lexicon.

After a survey of perspective/viewpoint theories, the chapter presents aformal model of perspectives as they can be extracted from discourse. It uses the Framester frame semantics, and demonstrates it by semantically overloading knowledge graphs extracted from perspective-laden natural language sentences.

This paper investigates the synaesthetic constructions in Persian with the aim of finding out what motivates them despite their incongruous syntactic-semantic assignments. It is argued that these paradoxical elements require a metaphoric/metonymic frame to assign appropriate lexical units (LUs) to their corresponding syntactic categories (NP + rɑ +VP and NP + AP). The discrepancy derives from the semantic aspects for which frame semantics provides two types of explanations: internal and external frame factors. Internal factors deal with the metaphoric/metonymic compatibility or similarity between frames, while external factors underline the use of lexical items from one subframe to fill the vocabulary gap of a different subframe. The argument is that this gap owes much to the indirect contact between the Phenomenon (e.g., an odorous substance) and the Body-part (e.g., nose) that perceives it. In short, the analysis of our data reveals that synaesthesia is not only an economical strategy for modifying the senses, but also a natural mental strategy for interpreting vague experiences. A configuration of the incongruent construction of ‘smell’ and ‘hearing’ will be proposed to generalize such an analysis.

[Abstract] Nobody can really understand the meanings of words in certain culturally specific domain if they do not understand some social institutions, and some history of social practices, against which these words are interpreted. The Japanese words sontaku (roughly, surmise) and haragei (literally, belly art) are examples of those culturally specific concepts. In fact sontaku drew public attention over a political scandal in 2017 when at a foreign press conference, the word was used by a witness and mistranslated, causing confusion. The interpreter admitted “there is no one direct word in English which is what lead to this.” For clarifying meanings of these untranslatable words, a frame semantic approach is useful. By defining frame elements and relations between them and also by identifying cultural practices, we can have a clear understanding of the words in a specific semantic domain. This research sheds a new light on the method of rendering culturally specific untranslatable concepts exemplified by sontaku and haragei more transparent by drawing on frame semantics.

This study argues for a frame semantic approach to the treatment of Taoist terms, which are Chinese culture-specific. It takes three Taoist aesthetic terms 虚(xu), 无(wu) and 静(jing) as a case study to explore how Chinese-English dictionaries can make use of semantic frames in the treatment of Taoist terms. As the study shows, a Taoist-aesthetics frame can be constructed in comparison with the Aesthetics frame in FrameNet. When treating Taoist terms, the core frame element “Entity” facilitates the meaning explanation by making the terms more intelligible. The non-core frame element “Circumstances” should be highlighted as it helps the dictionary to provide a more accurate definition of Taoist terms.

This behavioural profiling (BP) study examines the use of the near-synonyms rang (讓), shi (使) and ling (令), three ways to express cause-effect relationships in Chinese. Instead of using an out-of-the-box BP design, we present a modified approach to profiling that includes a range of frame semantic features that aim to capture variation of slot fillers of this construction. The study investigates the intricate semantic variation of rang, shi and ling through a comprehensive analysis of 38 contextual features (ID tags) that characterize the collocational, lexical semantic and frame semantic environment of the near-synonyms. Our dataset consists of around 100.000 data points based on the annotation of 1002 sentences of Mandarin Chinese of three varieties. The BPs of each near-synonym are compared using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results show that rang, shi and ling are each characterized by a combination of distinctive features and how different feature types contribute to setting the near-synonyms apart based on their usage patterns. Methodologically, this study illustrates how behavioural profiling can be modified to include frame semantic features in accordance with the method’s emphasis on producing empirically verifiable results and how these features can aid a comparative analysis of near-synonyms.

Este artigo busca descrever e analisar uma das possibilidades de materialização do processo cognitivo da comparação: a construção comparativa assimilativa (CCA), especialmente quando instanciada pelos conectores tipo e igual, no Português do Brasil, com base nos estudos de Thompson (2019). O aporte teórico central desta investigação baseia-se nos preceitos da Gramática de Construções Baseada no Uso (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006; DIESSEL, 2015), modelo teórico que tem como premissa básica a ideia de que a experiência de uso da língua afeta suas representações cognitivas. Para fins de descrição semântica, recorremos, também, à Semântica de Frames. Como fonte para nossa coleta de dados de usos linguísticos reais, utilizamos três diferentes corpora: o Corpus Oral Brasil, o Corpus Brasileiro e o Corpus do Português. Nossa análise evidenciou que as CCA instanciadas pelos conetores tipo e igual verdadeiramente constituem casos de materialização do processo de comparação. Além disso, manifestam-se no nível sintagmático, sentencial e intersentencial, contrariando a descrição dos estudos tradicionais em geral.Palavras-chave: Construções comparativas assimilativas; tipo; igual; Gramática de Construções Baseada no Uso.

The traditional rendering “grace” for חֵן is controversial. Frame semantics, a theory originating in cognitive linguistics, anticipates that prototypical situations are evoked in language users’ minds each time a word is used. Thus, a “frame” for “חֵן situations” is reconstructed from Biblical texts. Apart from the basic meaning “beauty” which is offered in dictionaries, too, an extended meaning is presented: חֵן designates “the settling of a (potential) conflict between two parties that only one party can bring to a conclusion.”

This article presents a new investigation of חסד‎, a much-discussed Biblical Hebrew lexeme. A short history of research reveals that the most influential studies of חסד‎ lack a sound linguistic methodology. Cognitive linguistics, particularly frame semantics, provides a methodology that deliberately takes cultural and social knowledge into account. The meaning of חסד‎ turns out to be an action or an event rather than an attitude. It can be described as ‘an action performed by one person for the benefit of another to avert some danger or critical impairment from the beneficiary’. This definition is then applied to some difficult passages which contain the lexeme חסד‎ including Hos. 6.6 and Isa. 40.6 and arguably produces better readings.

教育実践報告, In this brief educational report, I discuss how one can use methods from two different fields, namely sensory science and lexical semantics (frame semantics) to enhance the students’ vocabulary when learning Swedish as a foreign language (SFL). After an outline of sensory analysis and frame semantics, several examples of sensory semantic frames are shown in order to illuminate how the sensory lexical patterns could expand by using frames, especially when it comes to semantic domains and specification. It is also shown how one could arrange the sensory and semantic classroom activities in order to optimize the learning process and outcome. Since semantic frames mirror the extralinguistic world, they are most useful in contextualization of the lexical items. To be more concrete, the combination of sensory analysis and semantic frames can learn the students not only about the Swedish culinary lexicon, but also about Swedish culture in general, with a culinary departing point which can easily expand to socio-cultural and historical perspectives.

The context of this paper is the project of creation of the Dictionary of Legal Scenarios, which is being developed by the SemanTec/Unisinos group. It is a website for Law students and other professionals interested in the area, which aims at describing the legal domain in an accessible way. Considering such goals, the project's theoretical-methodological framework is Frame Semantics. This cognitive-linguistic theory provides a description of meaning through conceptual structures (frames), evoked by the lexicon, that also value the experiential knowledge necessary to the understanding of linguistic uses - including those related to specialized domains. With the purpose of exemplifying the description process of the legal domains conducted in this context, the paper explores the process of description of frames from the Charging and Appealing phases, discussing the related challenges and proposals of improvement of the methodology. The results indicate that the organization of the legal domain through this theory allows the systematic extraction of the lexicon that characterizes the Criminal Procedural Law. Moreover, the study highlights that the use of two different types of corpora (processable and non-processable) establishes a symbiotic relation between the quali-quantitative counterparts of the research, since the process of collection and acknowledgement of the lexical units of the investigated domain, in some cases, may demand searches that integrate integrated consultations to the study corpus and the support corpus.

Les verbes à particule ont toujours été considérés comme problématiques pour les apprenants de la langue anglaise en raison de leur polysémie et de la combinaison apparemment aléatoire de verbes et de particules. Située dans le cadre de la linguistique cognitive, la présente étude examine l’interaction complexe des aspects lexicaux, sémantiques, syntaxiques et pragmatiques des verbes à particule et opte pour une description holistique de leurs modèles phraséologiques et conceptuels, en vue d’améliorer leur représentation dans les dictionnaires des apprenants. L’approche proposée combine trois cadres théoriques : l’analyse des modèles de corpus, la sémantique des cadres et la théorie de la métaphore et de la métonymie conceptuelle. Une étude de cas de certains verbes à particule connexes (walk away with, walk off with, run away with et run off with) illustre comment les principes corpus-linguistiques et cognitivo-linguistiques se combinent pour identifier, comparer et associer les unités lexicales de verbes à particule. La représentation résultante de la construction du verbe à particule walk/run away/off with something est comparée à la représentation offerte par les dictionnaires monolingues pour apprenants et des suggestions pratiques d’amélioration sont proposées. Phrasal verbs have always been considered problematic for English language learners due to their polysemy and the apparently random combination of verbs and particles. Situated within the cognitive linguistic framework, the present study examines the complex interaction of lexical, semantic, syntactic and pragmatic aspects of phrasal verbs and argues for a holistic description of their phraseological and conceptual patterns, with a view to improving their representation in learner’s dictionaries. The proposed integrated approach brings together three theoretical frameworks: Corpus Pattern Analysis, Frame Semantics, and Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory. A case study of selected related phrasal verbs (walk away with, walk off with, run away with and run off with) illustrates how corpus-linguistic and cognitive-linguistic principles combine in identifying, comparing and associating phrasal verb lexical units. The resulting unified representation of the phrasal verb construction walk/run away/off with something is compared to the representation offered by monolingual learner’s dictionaries and practical suggestions for improvement are offered.

Ce projet se décline en deux parties. Dans un premier temps, il s’agit de développer une méthode de conversion automatique des textes annotés selon la sémantique des cadres dans FrameNet en représentations sémantiques de la Théorie Sens-Texte, afin de développer davantage de ressources informatiques pour assurer le développement de différents projets, notamment le réalisateur de textes GenDR. Dans un second temps, cette conversion sera mise à profit pour effectuer une analyse comparative entre les deux formalismes. Nous retiendrons que ces formalismes ne sont pas incompatibles, mais diffèrent par leurs niveaux de granularité et leurs objectifs propres. Nous tracerons quelques parallèles entre les fonctions lexicales et les relations entre cadres, et proposerons une mise en commun des formalismes afin de les enrichir., This project is divided in two main parts. Firstly, a method allowing for an automatic conversion of FrameNet's Semantics-based text annotations into semantic representations, according to the Meaning-Text Theory framework, will be presented. This method will lead to an increased set of data usable to develop and improve various Meaning-Text Theory-based projects, including GenDR, a text realizer. Secondly, the conversion task will be used to do a comparative analysis of the two frameworks. We will conclude that the two frameworks are not incompatible, but differ in their granularity and goals. We will also draw parallels between the lexical functions and frame- to-frame relationships, and make some suggestions regarding changes to the frameworks in order to enrich them.

Submitted by Anna Barbara Alves Beraldine (annabarbara@unisinos.br) on 2022-04-20T13:23:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lenir Marina Trindade de Oliveira_.pdf: 3813419 bytes, checksum: 5c60db2f8998c55b7327041714067d99 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-20T13:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lenir Marina Trindade de Oliveira_.pdf: 3813419 bytes, checksum: 5c60db2f8998c55b7327041714067d99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-02-24 CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Esse trabalho busca apresentar uma proposta teórico-metodológica na interface entre a Linguística Cognitiva, mais especificamente sob a ótica da teoria da Semântica de Frames, e a Lexicografia Pedagógica, para o desenvolvimento de recursos lexicográficos pedagógicos organizados a partir do conceito de frame semântico. Também temos o objetivo de analisar quais são as convergências possíveis entre a teoria da Semântica de Frames e a ciência da Lexicografia Pedagógica no que diz respeito a suas premissas e postulados; determinar as características presentes em um modelo de recurso lexicográfico pedagógico organizado a partir do conceito de frame, discutindo questões referentes à sua estrutura e, finalmente, apresentar um modelo de descrição linguística dos frames e das unidades lexicais, levando em consideração as características do recurso lexicográfico previsto, como forma de ilustração da proposta. A metodologia do trabalho situa o ambiente e os sujeitos de nossa pesquisa; e ao basear-se na expertise do grupo de pesquisa SemanTec, propõe como procedimento de análise as etapas de: estudo do domínio para realização mapa conceitual, proposição inicial de frames, levantamento das unidades lexicais, apresentação da microestrutura dos frames e das unidades lexicais. Na sequência procedemos à elaboração de uma versão modelar do recurso lexicográfico proposto, onde discorremos em detalhes sobre cada etapa prevista para a criação do produto, apresentando mapa conceitual, os frames propostos e as relações entre eles, as glosas, as unidades lexicais levantadas e a representação de cada uma. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que os pressupostos da Semântica de Frames e da Lexicografia Pedagógica se aproximam por constituírem ferramentas valiosas para a criação de dicionários, por ambas as teorias tratarem de uma concepção diferenciada para a organização do léxico, por olharem com atenção para a importância do contexto e do conhecimento e experiência prévios do falante/consulente, e por contribuírem para uma organização do significado de uma forma mais ampla e contextualizada, favorecendo uma experiência mais eficaz do falante/consulente em relação ao uso/compreensão/aquisição da língua. Ao realizar os passos metodológicos para a elaboração do modelo de recurso a que nos propomos, delineamos as características de nosso recurso lexicográfico pedagógico como sendo um produto especializado no âmbito do cotidiano escolar do ensino bilíngue, tratando-se de recurso bilíngue, ao trazer equivalentes de glosas, frames e unidades lexicais em língua portuguesa. Também trazemos a representação das unidades lexicais através de desenhos realizados pelas crianças. Percebemos, a partir da realização desta pesquisa, que a contribuição da Semântica de Frames para a Lexicografia Pedagógica está no viés da definição; mais especificamente na maneira como o recurso lexicográfico foi produzido, tendo em vista também sua proposta pedagógica. Esse cruzamento de práticas demonstra como a teoria da Semântica de Frames e a ciência da Lexicografia Pedagógica contribuíram uma com a outra na elaboração do modelo de recurso lexicográfico aqui proposto. This seeks to present a theoretical-methodological proposal at the interface between Cognitive Linguistics, more specifically from the perspective of Frame Semantics theory, and Pedagogical Lexicography, for the development of pedagogical lexicographical resources organized from the concept of semantic frame. We also aim to analyze what are the possible convergences between the theory of Frame Semantics and the science of Pedagogical Lexicography with regard to their premises and postulates; to determine the characteristics present in a model of pedagogical lexicographical resource organized from the concept of frame, discussing issues related to its structure and, finally, to present a model of linguistic description of frames and lexical units, taking into account the characteristics of the foreseen lexicographical resource , as a way of illustrating the proposal. The methodology of the work situates the environment and the subjects of our research; and based on the expertise of the SemanTec research group, it proposes the following steps as an analysis procedure: study of the domain to create a conceptual map, initial proposition of frames, survey of lexical units, presentation of the microstructure of frames and lexical units. Next, we proceed to the elaboration of a model version of the proposed lexicographical resource, where we discuss in detail each step foreseen for the creation of the product listed in the work methodology, presenting a conceptual map, the proposed frames and the relationships between them, the glosses, the lexical units lexica raised and the representation of each one. The research results show that the assumptions of Frame Semantics and Pedagogical Lexicography are similar because they constitute valuable tools for the creation of dictionaries, since both theories deal with a different conception for the organization of the lexicon. They pay attention to the importance of the context and the previous knowledge and experience of the speaker/consultant, and for contributing to an organization of meaning in a broader and more contextualized way, favoring a more effective experience of the speaker/consultant in relation to the use/understanding/acquisition of the language. When carrying out the methodological steps for the elaboration of the resource that we propose, we outlined the characteristics of our pedagogical lexicographical resource as a specialized product in the scope of the school routine of bilingual education, in the case of a bilingual resource, by bringing equivalents of glosses, frames and lexical units in Portuguese. We also bring the representation of lexical units through drawings made by children. We realized from the accomplishment of this research that the contribution of Frame Semantics to Pedagogical Lexicography is in the definition bias; more specifically in the way the lexicographical resource was produced, also considering its pedagogical proposal. This intersection of practices demonstrates how both the Frame Semantics theory and the science of Pedagogical Lexicography contributed to each other in the elaboration of the lexicographical resource model proposed here.

We propose using a FrameNet-based approach for analyzing how socially relevant events are framed in media discourses. Taking femicides as an example, we perform a preliminary investigation on a large dataset of news reports and event data covering recent femicides in Italy. First, we revisit the EVALITA 2011 shared task on Italian frame labeling, and test a recent multilingual frame semantic parser against this benchmark. Then, we experiment with specializing this model for Italian and perform a human evaluation to test our model’s real-world applicability. We show how FrameNet-based analyses can help to identify linguistic constructions that background the agentivity and responsibility of femicide perpetrators in Italian news.

This dissertation is a study of metaphor in usage: metaphor in language, metaphor in gesture, and how they interact. Gesture provides a route to study both the cognition associated with language and the domain-generality of cognitive processes. While English speakers may be producing metaphoric manner verbs due to the lexicalization patterns of their language, are they necessarily thinking in terms of metaphoric manner? This is difficult to judge when looking at language alone. To answer this question, we turn to metaphoric gesture.Metaphoric gestures, in which the gesture represents the source domain of a conceptual metaphor, are well-known but under-studied (Cienki and Müller, 2008b). Iconic gestures conveying information about a motion event are known to interact with the syntactic and semantic structure of speech; speakers of languages that express manner of motion in the verb gesture differently than speakers of languages that primarily express path of motion in the verb. Metaphoric usages of motion in language – prices falling, hopes rising, time flying – also interact with the grammatical patterns of language. However, we know little about how metaphoric motion in gesture interacts with grammar. In Part One of the dissertation, I focus on metaphor in language. In Chapter 2 I propose to represent metaphors as a complex network of frames, mappings, and bindings as implemented in the MetaNet Metaphor Repository (Dodge et al., 2015). This advances the representation of conceptual metaphors to a level that interfaces more accurately with representations of frames and constructions in FrameNet (Ruppenhofer et al., 2006) and Embodied Construction Grammar (Bergen and Chang, 2005). In turn, this enables the detailed analysis of metaphors and metaphor systems, as exemplified by the Location Event Structure Metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson, 1999) case study in Chapter 3. This corpus-based study is one of the first to make use of the MetaNet method for large-scale automatic metaphor identification and annotation. This approach reveals not only how the metaphor system is evoked in language, but further illustrates the conceptual structure of the metaphor. I demonstrate that although English, as a satellite-framed language, privileges manner in its lexicalization of motion events, metaphoric English motion backgrounds manner and foregrounds path. The foregrounding of path information in linguistic realization of metaphoric motion runs counter to the privileging of manner in English lexicalization patterns. This finding lays the groundwork for the investigation of the same metaphor system in gesture.In Part Two, I focus on metaphor in co-speech gesture. I investigate metaphoric motion-evoking metaphoric gestures using two complementary approaches. Chapter 4 uses a corpus approach; I analyze a parallel corpus of video gesture data in which speakers use a motion verb either literally or metaphorically in their speech while producing a co-expressive representational gesture. To analyze the corpora, I develop a set of annotation guidelines and then demonstrate the benefits of taking an image-schematic approach to gesture analysis. I argue that the image schema is the most appropriate level of structure in analyzing the form and meaning of metaphoric gestures. Results of this image schema analysis suggest that, reflecting the English language data in Chapter 3, these metaphoric gestures emphasize path and do not represent the manner of motion.Chapter 5 is the first study to take an experimental approach to metaphoric gesture that uses non-metaphoric stimuli. Participants were given short stories about state change, such as prices decreasing or grades improving, to read and re-tell to a friend; half of the stimuli contained metaphoric language and half did not. Results from this study demonstrated the viability of this methodology in eliciting both metaphoric speech and gesture, and supported those of Chapter 4. I find that speakers are more likely produce metaphoric gestures if they are also producing metaphoric language – even if the gesture evokes a different metaphor than the speech does.I unify my analyses of metaphoric motion in speech and gesture in a multi-modal Embodied Construction Grammar analysis of both co-expressive and complementary metaphoric co-speech gestures. I represent both the meaning and form of the gesture and the meaning and form of the speech including frame structure, argument structure, and metaphoric structure. This analysis provides the first formal representation of a multi-modal utterance in a construction grammar and an innovative approach to the unification of the construction of multi-modal meaning.

The article is focused on the problem of identifying the sentiment of texts in Russian. This problem has a significant impact on a wide range of natural language processing tasks such as online feedback processing and review analysis. There are many approaches for solution of this problem, such as using fuzzy logic techniques, keyword techniques, machine learning, and knowledge-based techniques. All these approaches are described and comparatively analysed in the article. As a result of the research, a new model for sentiment extraction from natural language text was proposed and a software module was developed to prove the proposed method. The developed module was integrated into an existing software system based on the semantic network and frame semantics. The effectiveness of the developed system was tested on the previously data set that was evaluated by experts. The test results show the competitiveness of the proposed method in comparison with previous data.