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The main purpose of the article: to carry out a historical-architectural development analysis of the third building of Panevėžys College based on historical facts and archival material. Research problem: the third building of Panevėžys University of Applied sciences during its long history of existence repeatedly changed its internal and external appearance after various repairs, as well as its purpose (it was adapted to different educational activities and their support), but throughout its existence it belonged to educational institutions, except World War I and II eras. Research results: the main historical document, on the basis of which the historical development analysis is carried out, is the building project, which was drawn back in the time of tsarist Russia, probably at the end of 19 th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

External sun shading devices are increasingly used in sustainable buildings to reduce the greenhouse effect in the summer and the glare effect due to direct solar irradiation through transparent surfaces. The acoustic effects of these devices have been investigated in recent studies that suggest the possibility of optimising these elements to improve acoustic comfort in indoor environments, even with open windows. Nevertheless, there are few studies that analyse the combined effect of these devices on acoustic attenuation and improved daylighting. In this paper, the results of acoustics and daylighting simulations are reported, considering different dimensions, distances of the louvres and orientations of the façade. The main results of previous works concerning the effect of lining the bottom side of each louvre with sound-absorbing material are also briefly summarised. The acoustic effects of different configurations of the louvres are evaluated in terms of Insertion Loss in the façade plane. For the lighting simulations (daylight factor, daylighting uniformity and daylight glare probability), the variation of the shielding effect is studied considering the spacing between the louvres and the orientation of the façade for different times and seasons for latitude in the South of Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the potentials of shape memory alloys (SMAs) for the design of autoreactive façade systems without using additional external energy. The exploration is conducted and assessed through the design of a façade concept for the city of Athens in Greece, aiming to improve both the indoor and outdoor environment by means of a kinetic autoreactive system featuring a dual-seasonal function, with a focus on the building's direct and indirect impact on the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The paper covers a demonstration of the methodology followed, using a feedback-loop logic informed by environmental and energy performance evaluation studies in Grasshopper to optimize the geometry and movement of the shading component. During the façade design process, a comprehensive and systematic computational toolset is being developed, targeted on the abovementioned performance evaluation studies. Through the development and assessment of the façade concept, the objective is to explore the potentials and limitations for the application of autoreactive envelopes in the façade design. At the same time, the aim is to exploit the possibilities and optimization potentials offered through the developed iterative computational workflows, by showcasing the methodology and interoperability logic of the digital tools used for the data interchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ars Longa is the property of Ars Longa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of liminal museum looks at the potential of public art in the liminal space of exhibition venues, in between urban realm and the interior of public buildings, as an innovative locus of social engagement. More specifically, we study the status of artistic interventions that take place on the façade through the definition of three fields of investigation: juxtaposition, ephemerality, media. We present the case study of a curatorial project developed in Altamura, Italy, within the dimension of living labs used for citizens' engagement in art production and education. This leads to the issue of co-habitation of museum institutions with surrounding neighbourhoods, interpreting the façade as a symbolic interface that mediates values and languages of art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Center Papyrological Studies (BCPS) is the property of Ain Shams University, Faculty of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The new headquarter of Uber, designed by SHoP Architects, for a total of up to 3.000 employees is located in the Mission Bay neighbourhood of San Francisco (USA). The project's goal is to bring this developing stretch of Mission Bay into step with the successful, human‐scaled urban environments for which San Francisco is famous. Key to that goal is the "inside‐out" design of the two central cubic six and eleven‐story tall elements with transparent building envelopes. While developing and planning the sophisticated facade system the major challenge was implementation of high architectural demands to achieve a building envelope with a maximized transparency. Furthermore, a high ground acceleration due to the geographical location resulting in large seismic deformation and forces had to be considered during design of the facade structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EU transformative power is put into question and constantly challenged by the political actions of leaders in the Western Balkans. Although the political elites in this region have internalised a pro-European discourse, they are still guided and governed by authoritarian logic and practices colliding with the EU’s governing model. The paper analyses precisely this relationship between the EU and internal politics, namely, the transformative power/powerlessness of the EU towards the aspiring countries for membership in a single dimension; namely, justice. The paper reviews the reforms developed and the effects they have produced in the justice system in a calculation relation: costs and benefits. In this logic, this paper analyses costs and benefits of the internal elites of the Western Balkans, representing a classic oxymoron. On the one hand, pro-EU discourse is superficially used and, on the other, substantive actions are far from the EU’s governing model. The central argument emphasises that the reform process in the region has turned into a repetitive system of itself and destined to fail right from the beginning. So, we see a loss in reforms and plunging into a vicious circle, whereby each time elements increase and intensify but deteriorate one another, inevitably leading to the deterioration of the situation and producing multidimensional corruption.

Resumen Desde su origen clásico, el desarrollo arquitectónico de los escenarios de masas no ha formado parte de los principales relatos de la historia de la arquitectura. No obstante, su consideración desde el punto de vista de la disciplina difiere evidentemente de su permeabilidad social, como se puede comprobar a través de la relevancia urbana de anfiteatros de la Roma imperial repartidos por Europa o en la popularidad que en el siglo XX han alcanzado de nuevo estas estructuras, a través del renacer moderno de las olimpiadas y de la popularidad mundial de deportes como el fútbol. Protagonizando un arco histórico singular, la posibilidad de aglutinar a grandes masas en eventos propagandísticos, junto con la capacidad de articular el territorio y generar fachada urbana volvieron a hacer de los estadios edificios de gran interés en la primera mitad del siglo XX, como ya había sucedido en la Roma imperial. Este texto profundiza en la relación que establecieron los gobiernos totalitarios de Alemania, Italia y España con esta arquitectura. La convergencia de intereses políticos y sociales se materializó en una serie de estadios promovidos por las autoridades que quedaron claramente caracterizados en su resolución formal. Abstract From its classical origin, the architectural development of mass arenas has not been part of the main stories in the architectural History. However, its consideration from the discipline’s point of view obviously differs from its social permeability, as can be seen through the urban relevance of imperial Rome amphitheaters scattered throughout Europe or in the 20th century popularity these structures have reclaimed through the modern rebirth of the Olympics and the worldwide popularity of sports such as soccer. Leading a unique historical arch, the possibility of bringing together large masses of people in propaganda events, together with the ability to articulate the territory and generate urban façade, made the stadiums again buildings of great interest in the first half of the twentieth century, as had happened in imperial Rome. This text delves into the relationship that the totalitarian governments of Germany, Italy and Spain established with this kind of architecture. The convergence of political and social interests materialized in a series of stadiums promoted by the authorities that were clearly characterized in their formal resolution.

The objective of this paper is to propose an adapted method of calculation to evaluate the solar potential on building facades on a large scale. Autonomous electricity supply is nowadays an important issue, particularly during the winter. Thus the facades of buildings, which are better irradiated in winter than the roofs, can provide a response to this issue. Research has been focusing for several years on fine modeling of radiative phenomena in an urban environment. The first challenge is to obtain a physically realistic model considering the phenomena of local reflections. The second challenge is to succeed in implementing this type of simulations on large scales. These two issues are antagonistic: the first implies making the model more complex while the second implies simplifying it. This paper proposes a calculation strategy to reconcile the two issues based on a simplified radiosity method. The results obtained via this strategy were compared to those obtained by measurement and simulation on a theoretical canyon. Subsequently, this calculation strategy has been deployed to real districts in Geneva, Switzerland.

This paper deals with the issue of fastening sheet-metal components on the facades of contemporary buildings that are massively insulated with external thermal insulation composite systems. This research focused on facades with thin-layer acrylic plaster and sheet-metal components made of aluminium, copper and hot-dipped galvanized sheet metal. Two different test methods and test sample geometries were used to determine the most critical aspects for the studied application sectors. Surprisingly high tensile properties as well as shear stresses in the bonded joints were recorded for all the selected combinations. The presented results confirmed the assumed benefits for the construction industry and the future practical use of this technology in construction, although the durability of a bonded joint will always depend mainly on the quality of the bonded substrate.

The Bukchon area in Seoul boasts a high density of Hanok, the traditional Korean architecture representing the region. Because the Hanok facade plays a vital role in the streetscape formation, we must record it in terms of social, cultural, historical, artistic, and scenic values. However, recording the facade of an existing Hanok building through drawing or image information is time consuming and labor intensive, and therefore costly. Further, its digital conversion is inherently difficult. This study proposes the use of deep learning to identify the form elements that comprise the Hanok facade. Three-dimensional modeling was performed on 405 well-preserved Hanok facades in the region, and 2808 items of image data were created under similar conditions and at differing angles. Labeling was performed on the shape elements of the Hanok facade, and a methodology was established to identify the facade elements using MASK R-CNN. The type of roof, windows, the lower part of the outer wall, and the design were identified with high accuracy.

Falling objects from façades often lead to serious accidents, which has become a technical problem to be solved urgently. This paper established a database of potential safety hazard of falling objects from façades via the statistics of detection façades in Shanghai. Some detailed insufficiencies and swelling defects were analyzed. A risk assessment system of falling objects from façades was established using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method. The weight coefficient was determined by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The beta distribution was used to fit the probability distribution of the occurrence probability of the elementary risk event. Based on the Monte Carlo model, the risk of falling objects from façades was assessed. A probability distribution of the risk probability of falling objects from façades and the importance of elementary risk factors were obtained. Some risk control measures of falling objects from façades were proposed.

One of the most promising energy sources is solar energy, which is confirmed by the growth in the development of renewable energy for European countries. The main goal of research is to design and implement the latest energy systems for passive buildings using renewable energy. In this paper is documented the optimal operation stages of the solar heat supply system were investigated with recommendations for further development of the design and construction of passive buildings in Ukraine South.

Introduction: The study addresses different types of translucent enclosures currently used in architecture and construction. Modern classifications of such structures and their disadvantages are described. The authors propose a classification combining and systematizing all existing types of translucent structures. They also provide examples of architectural objects where such solutions are implemented. Purpose of the study: The study aims to systematize and update classifications of different types of translucent enclosures, determine their role in the formation of architecture and the provision of an interaction between the internal and external space, to identify the form-generating potential of such structures. Methods: The authors applied a systemic, multi-factor approach to the matter under consideration, reviewed and systematized scientific as well as architectural-and-design sources to analyze buildings designed with account for the use of translucent facade structures. They describe all types of such structures and provide a table with projects of well-known architects and corresponding drawings where the described types of facade systems are used. Results: The authors identified the form-generating potential of glass structures, analyzed the role of translucent enclosures in the formation of architecture and the provision of an interaction between the internal and external space, and developed a new classification for modern types of translucent facades with account for architectural-and-design characteristics.

Purpose This study aimed to make a comparative evaluation of the differences between the original façade (original) and the modified façade of the traditional Turkish Houses (collected from Afyonkarahisar city) based on perception. Design/Methodology/Approach In line with this purpose, digital images of eight sets of original and modified street silhouettes with gray color scales have been produced on the computer. Two different groups consisting of 80 people (architect and non-architect group) have evaluated the prepared images by the semantic differentiation scale consisting of the adjective pairs. The main hypothesis of the study is "The original façade would be more preferred than the modified façade". Also, gender, architect and non-architect group comparisons were made in the evaluations, too. Findings The results have shown that the participants liked the original traditional Turkish House façade more. The tidy/untidy and proportional/non-proportional adjective pairs have had the biggest difference in this evaluation. In another result, male participants have evaluated the traditional Turkish House façade views liked more for all dependent variables except for familiar / unfamiliar and qualified / unqualified adjective pairs compared to female participants. In addition, non-architects have liked more than architects the façade views of traditional Turkish Houses for adjective pairs that are beautiful / ugly, not impressive / unimpressive and interesting / uninteresting. On the other hand the architects have liked more than non-architects the façade view of traditional Turkish Houses for the proportional / non-proportional adjective pair. Research Limitations/Implications This study has been conducted only for Turkish Houses collected from Afyonkarahisar city. In addition, only architects and non-architects group attended for evaluation of the surveys. Social/Practical Implications According to the most important finding obtained from the study, the fact that the original state is observed in the restoration of traditional Turkish Houses has caused people liked it more. Similarly, it has been observed that the organization of windows, solid-void relationship ratio, repetitions, horizontal and vertical structural elements (beams etc.) in the Turkish house façade characteristic will have a positive effect on perception. Originality/Value With this study, for the first time in the literature, the evaluation of holistic (comprehensive) street silhouettes was made based on a single façade layout.

Today, in many cities, urban facades are typically forming according to the high-level codes, while citizens’ expectations and preferences are different from them. According to the studies conducted theory, using a conceptualization technique, related dimensions are assessed. For details, each facade is divided into three parts: ground floor, body, and coping. The individuals’ perceptions are investigated using electronic questionnaires and with panoramic photos. To assess vision while moving, studies are carried out at the sites (6 selected streets in Tehran) using semi-structured interviews as well as photographing the preferred scenes and the worst scenes (VEP method). According to the analyses, the main result of this research shows that overall perception was greater than in partial. The order in urban facades will not necessarily be perceived by the alignment of the openings and the creation of a uniform skyline, or restrictions on the color and type of facade materials. This is the same damage mentioned in the critique of the upper-level design codes in the present study. Therefore, it is better to consider only a limited number of various items in building facades, that people can perceive, fixed and controlled, and leave the rest to the owners and designers. In this way, the private rights of the owners and the art of the designers can be respected by observing the facade as a common area between private privacy and public privacy.

Die große Herausforderung bei der Planung von Gebäudehüllen besteht häufig darin, anspruchsvolle Fassadensysteme mit hohen architektonischen Anforderungen sowie einer maximalen Transparenz auszulegen. Bei der Entwicklung der Fassadenkonstruktion sind dabei in Abhängigkeit von der geographischen Lage zum Teil hohe seismische Beanspruchungen und die daraus resultierenden großen horizontalen Verformungen bzw. Kräfte zu berücksichtigen. Dieser Artikel erläutert anhand von drei sehr unterschiedlichen Projekttypen detailliert, wie der Schutz von Tragwerk und Gebäudehülle gegen seismische Beanspruchungen bei einer seilversteiften Gitternetzschale, im strukturellen Glasbau sowie bei einer Elementfassade mit komplexer Tragstruktur im Einzelnen geschehen kann. Transparent building envelopes in seismic areas. One major challenge when planning building envelopes is often to design sophisticated facade systems with high architectural requirements and maximum transparency. Depending on the geographical location of the site, high seismic loads and the resulting large horizontal deformations and forces must be taken into account during design development of the facade construction. Considering three different projects the article explains in detail how protection of the building structure and the envelope against seismic action for a gridshell, in structural glazing and for a unitized facade with a complex supporting structure could be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Builder (1896-0642) is the property of PWB MEDIA Zdzieblowski sp.j. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research presents an analytical tool to quantitatively assess and compare the aesthetic value of facades, by focusing on their formal order (O) and complexity (C). A total of fifteen facades of the colonial building heritage (19th–20th centuries) of Algiers old city center were aesthetically assessed and compared. The method uses Birkhoff's aesthetic measure and calculates the aesthetic value for each facade. These values were ranked and compared using statistical analysis. The results lead to classify the evaluated facades into four sets according to the importance of their aesthetic values: very high, high, average and low. The results can serve to elaborate a guideline of design principles to help operating on this site. However, this research shows some limitations and suggests the need for further research into aesthetic preference. A valuation survey is necessary to improve this method and to test Birkhoff's formula empirically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of wind pressure distribution on a façade of an atypically shaped 162 m tall building is discussed in this paper. The horizontal cross-section was changed with the height of the structure (the square in the bottom part and the polygon in the top). The surface of the structure was smooth. A structural system was created using a combination of the tube structural system and exoskeleton structure. The building was stand-alone, located in urban terrain. In this case, the information in standards were not sufficient for its design. Therefore, other available tools had to be used for the determination of required input parameters (mean external pressure coefficients). At first, wind tunnel tests (WT) were performed on a reduced-scale model (1:300). Then, the obtained results were compared with data from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The accuracy of the simulation was evaluated by the method of three metrics. Short descriptions of the reduced-scale model, boundary layer wind tunnel, used measuring devices, and the methodology of tests are mentioned. The aim of this research was to identify the influence of the shape modification on the values of mean external pressure coefficients (in the comparison with the original shape, which was the cuboid). In the case of the cuboid, good agreement between the values determined by the CFD and the values from Eurocode was achieved. Larger discrepancies occurred on the roof. The modification of the total shape of the structure from the cuboid to atypical structure had the positive effect on the mean values of external pressure coefficients cpe. These values were smaller (at some levels significantly). Mainly, this effect was noticeable on the leeward side. For the wind directions 0° and 180°, the changes of the values were relatively large. For the other two wind directions (45° and 67.5°), the values on the windward sides were similar. The large advantage of this atypical structure is that the negative pressures on side walls and leeward side are smaller in the comparison with the cuboid. This is very useful for the fixing of façade components, where the values of negative pressures are larger than the positive pressures on the cladding in the larger heights.

The aesthetic of our built environment is perceived as an important aspect to consider for the design of human-centred cities, but a problem quickly arises in the presence of clashing conceptions of what we understand to be aesthetically pleasing. This paper adds to this discussion, by exploring architects’ aesthetic preferences in façade design, aiming to include design practitioners in a debate that so far has remained largely academic. Thus, the goal of the study was to identify relevant aspects, based on a series of semi-structured interviews with practitioners representing 34 architectural firms from The Netherlands, carried out from January to April 2020. It was possible to identify two major types of aspects, and subsequent sub-groups. Intrinsic aspects (compositional, plastic, detail design, and character) comprise aspects that are characteristic of a façade as an object, while extrinsic aspects (human, intellectual, and contextual connection) consist of relational features, determining the perceived beauty of a façade in terms of its connections with an outside agent. The main identified aspects in each one of the groups, the potential relations among them, and their relative relevance within the surveyed sample were part of the assessment, comparing the outcomes against previous results from the literature.

The article presents a study on the mechanical behavior of facade cladding panel consisting of aluminum frame and fully tempered sheet glass under the action of uniformly distributed load. The study involved tests of full-size samples of two structural solutions of the cladding panel in a curtain wall system for two different geometrical configurations of the panel. Experimental data showed a high similarity with the results of a static calculation in the zone of linear elastic deformation. Therefore, the use of SJ Mepla finite element software package for the calculation of described structures was verified. The influence of the boundary conditions on determination of deflections in numerical model as well as the character of seal deformation was described. The criteria of the loss of bearing capacity of a system was defined. Empirical formulas for calculating the panel deflection for specific geometrical configurations of a panel were proposed.

Fluid Flow Glazing in building envelopes The research project InDeWaG (Industrial Development of Fluid Flow Glazing Systems) has been funded for three‐and‐a‐half‐years by the European Union within the framework of the program HORIZON 2020. The focus of this project is an insulating glazing unit filled up with a water‐glycol fluid circulating within one of the IGU cavities. The glass units have been developed for both, the usage within façades and as interior separation walls. They are conceived to serve for both heating and cooling. The aim is to combine these units with other technologies in HVAC systems, such as Photovoltaic and high‐efficiency heat exchangers leading to minimized total energy consumptions of buildings without restrictions of daylight autonomy. The paper describes the idea behind fluid flow glazing. It focusses on the consideration of the single glazing units within the framework of thermal building simulation. First results of a demonstrator pavilion, in operation for one year, will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Several attempts have been made in the past to develop a European harmonized testing and assessment method for façades before the European commission decided to publish a call for tender on the topic. A project consortium from five countries (Sweden, UK, France, Germany and Hungary) applied to the call for tender and was contracted to develop a European approach to assess the fire performance of façades. 24 sub‐contractors and 14 stakeholder entities were part of the project. The objective of the European project was to address a request from the Standing Committee of Construction (SCC) to provide EC Member States regulators with a means to regulate the fire performance of façade systems based on a European approach agreed by SCC. The initial stages of this project were focused on establishing a register of the regulatory requirements in all Member States in relation to the fire performance of façade systems, and to identify those Member States who have regulatory requirements for the fire performance façade systems which go beyond the current EN 13501 (reaction to fire and fire resistance) classification systems and to collate the details of these additional requirements. After having confirmed the regulatory needs a testing and classification methodology based on BS 8414 and DIN 4102‐20 was developed to address the identified key performance and classification characteristics. This paper is a short overview of results the two‐year development work, which Final Report published by the European Commission in 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin glass composite elements with additively manufactured polymer core This paper describes the concept of a composite element consisting of outer thin glass facings and an inner additively manufactured polymer core structure. The focus of the research work is on the design of a sandwich element which, due to the materials and manufacturing processes used, allows completely new flexibility in the design process of a glass facade. Three possible structures for the stiffening core are being developed and examined for their suitability for use in the composite element. The production of the first prototypes shows both the architectural potential and the production‐related specialties. Furthermore, the mechanical behaviour of the structure is investigated based on the sandwich theory using a 4‐point bending test. Based on the results obtained, the mechanical potential of the composite element can be underlined. However, the challenges to be overcome for safe use in facades are also specified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aesthetic of our built environment is perceived as an important aspect to consider for the design of human-centred cities, but a problem quickly arises in the presence of clashing conceptions of what we understand to be aesthetically pleasing. This paper adds to this discussion, by exploring architects' aesthetic preferences in façade design, aiming to include design practitioners in a debate that so far has remained largely academic. Thus, the goal of the study was to identify relevant aspects, based on a series of semi-structured interviews with practitioners representing 34 architectural firms from The Netherlands, carried out from January to April 2020. It was possible to identify two major types of aspects, and subsequent sub-groups. Intrinsic aspects (compositional, plastic, detail design, and character) comprise aspects that are characteristic of a façade as an object, while extrinsic aspects (human, intellectual, and contextual connection) consist of relational features, determining the perceived beauty of a façade in terms of its connections with an outside agent. The main identified aspects in each one of the groups, the potential relations among them, and their relative relevance within the surveyed sample were part of the assessment, comparing the outcomes against previous results from the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smarte Fassaden zeichnen sich durch die Einbettung digitaler Komponenten aus. Sie verbessern die Lebens‐ und Umweltqualität in Gebäuden sowie in deren Umfeld. Es geht auch um die Optimierung in ökologischer, ökonomischer, sozialer und kultureller Hinsicht – im materiellen und immateriellen Kontext – über den gesamten Lebenszyklus. Kontextadaptive Fassaden sind in der Lage, sich an veränderte Umweltbedingungen oder Nutzerbedürfnisse anzupassen. Zukunftsfähige Fassaden folgen dem Lean‐Tech‐Prinzip: Sie beinhalten so viel Material und Technik wie nötig, aber so wenig wie möglich. Im Fokus steht der Mensch – als Menschheit genauso wie als Individuum – mit unterschiedlichen Anforderungen und Fähigkeiten, in unterschiedlichen Situationen. Smart facades – the focus is on people. Smart facades are characterised by the embedding of digital components. They improve the quality of life and the environmental quality in buildings and their surroundings. It is also about optimisation in ecological, economic, social and cultural terms – in the material and immaterial context – over the entire life cycle. Context‐adaptive facades are able to adapt to changing environmental conditions or user needs. Sustainable facades follow the Lean‐Tech principle: they contain as much material and technology as necessary, but as little as possible. The focus is on people – as mankind as well as individuals – with different requirements and abilities in different situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ARTS: Artuklu Journal of Art & Humanities is the property of Mardin Artuklu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sanat ve Tasarim Dergisi is the property of Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The transition from linear to circular economy is still far from being completed, particularly in the building industry. Indeed, its specific characteristics – such as the fragmentation of its business ecosystem – hinder the implementation of circular economy practices, and, particularly, circular product design and servitization practices. This paper analyses the collaborations among the companies involved in the design and servitization of one of the major elements of a building, the building façade, and it leverages on an action research methodology based on the "Envelope for Service" research project. The role of companies involved in the design and servitization of the circular building façade has been investigated. A novel research framework has been developed to match the circular practices implemented by the ecosystem of involved companies along the useful life phases of the building façade. The research framework highlights the paramount importance of collaborations within the business ecosystem of the building façade and shows how the interactions among companies take place and facilitate circular product design and servitization. We argue and provide evidence that the engagement of the whole business ecosystem is needed in fragmented industries, like the building industry, to implement circular product design and servitization practices. Finally, a hint of the relevance of digital technologies in enabling the implementation of circular practices in such industry is provided. • Building industry's fragmentation hinders the transition towards Circular Economy. • Circular practices have to be implemented by the whole building business ecosystem. • The research framework shows the importance of collaboration within the ecosystem. • The interactions among companies to design a circular product are analyzed. • Action research on a project aimed to building façade's servitization is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pattern-based building envelope is a modern style of contemporary facades. Architects may rely on imitating known practices without knowing the processes involved in their design. Therefore, this paper seeks to identify the algorithmic steps implemented in the derivation of contemporary façade. The design algorithms of pattern-based building envelopes are classified into generative algorithms of the basic pattern and elements, and transformation algorithms. An experimentation method was applied using Grasshopper for Rhino to simulate the formation of nine contemporary pattern-based envelopes. The finding reveals that several approaches are implemented such as elements are extruded from the basic pattern or separated from it. The envelope pattern may result from repeting the elements, or the envelope pattern may be devoid of elements. Modification techniques can manipulate the basic pattern, the elements, or both patterns and elements. They act on the patterns and elements simultaneously in the same way, or separately using different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facade parsing stands as a pivotal computer vision task with far-reaching applications in areas like architecture, urban planning, and energy efficiency. Despite the recent success of deep learning-based methods in yielding impressive results on certain open-source datasets, their viability for real-world applications remains uncertain. Real-world scenarios are considerably more intricate, demanding greater computational efficiency. Existing datasets often fall short in representing these settings, and previous methods frequently rely on extra detection models to enhance accuracy, which requires much computation cost. In this paper, we first introduce Comprehensive Facade Parsing (CFP), a dataset meticulously designed to encompass the intricacies of real-world facade parsing tasks. Comprising a total of 602 high-resolution street-view images, this dataset captures a diverse array of challenging scenarios, including sloping angles and densely clustered buildings, with painstakingly curated annotations for each image. Moreover, a new pipeline is proposed known as Revision-based Transformer Facade Parsing (RTFP). This marks the pioneering utilization of Vision Transformers (ViT) in facade parsing, and our experimental results definitively substantiate its merit. We also design Line Acquisition, Filtering, and Revision (LAFR), an efficient yet accurate revision algorithm that can improve the segment result solely from simple line detection using prior knowledge of the facade. In ECP 2011, RueMonge 2014, and our CFP, the experimental results verify the superiority of our method. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/wbw520/RTFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le Corbusier’s investigations, conducted between the 1910s and the 1930s, were focused on a new relationship between street and building. This research started from texts about the city, in particular, the writings of Eugène Hénard’s. These essays, dating back to 1903-1909, dealt with the necessity of a renewed strategy for the urban street, breaking down the monotony and the problems related to the sequence of buildings and creating a series of places as squares, gardens, and open courtyards: actual urban rooms between streets an buildings. Learning from those texts, Le Corbusier worked on a series of polemical writings about the rue corridor, collected in particular in The City of Tomorrow, Precisions and The Radiant City. A series of projects explored to the extreme consequences the topic: the Dom-ino building principle used for collective housing evolved to the redent, detached from the infrastructure, and the immeuble villa, with its inhabited façades. Finally, the curved redent for the Plan Obus in Algiers transformed the street itself into a "building as city" flowing in the landscape. The essay follows how Le Corbusier transforms the street and its traditional urban components in interior elements inside the buildings.

The city of Batu is one of the colonial cities with enormous historical significance. There are several heritage objects in the past that have become the city's cultural heritage. Jalan Panglima Sudirman is one of the corridors having the most heritage, namely in form of historic buildings. The appearance of historic buildings often gives an interesting visual impression on a street corridor. This study was to determine the effect of visual elements on the facade of historical buildings based on people's perceptions. Using quantitative methods, data was collected through field surveys combined with questionnaires. Respondents were randomly selected in the street corridor. Based on public perception, it has been shown that the appearance of the facade of a historic building is moderate to good. The architectural style and shape of the of historical buildings’ facade are the most influential elements playing an important role. These results were expected to be able to help the community and government in the effort to develop the historic area.

Mitigation of overheating in streets is an important task for urban planners and architects. Urban surfaces in streets, such as footways and façades, can contribute to increase overheating in cities, whereas the trees can help to decrease insolation. In this paper we created an algorithm to determine optimal distance between the trees in a street in order to mitigate façade and footway insolation. A parametric study for different street orientations and building geometries was therefore conducted for the hottest wave of the year for the corresponding location. The results show that different trees disposition can mitigate overheating of horizontal and vertical surfaces up to 7%. The algorithmic and parametric approach used in this paper can contribute to more precise urban design guidelines for comfortable streets.

Increased insulation reduces the energy needed during operations, but this may be less than the energy required for the extra insulation material. If so, there must be an optimal insulation thickness. This paper describes the development of a tool to determine the optimal insulation thickness, including what parameters are decisive, and presents some results along with a discussion of the success criteria and limitations. To make these considerations manageable for regular practitioners, only the transmission heat loss through walls is calculated. Although the tool is universal, Greenland is used as an example, because of its extreme climatic conditions. The tool includes climate change, 10 locations and 8 insulation materials. It focuses on greenhouse gas emissions, considers oil and district heating as heating sources, and evaluates four different climate change scenarios expressed in terms of heating degree days. The system is sensitive to insulation materials with high CO2 emissions and heating sources with high emission factors. This is also the case where climate change has the highest impact on the insulation thickness. Using the basic criterion, emitting a minimum of CO2-eq, the Insulation Thickness Optimizer (ITO), generally identifies higher insulation thicknesses as optimal than are currently seen in practice and in most building regulations.

A prediction model based on artificial neural networks is adapted to forecast the acoustic performance of airborne sound insulation of various lightweight wooden façade walls. A total of 100 insulation curves were used to develop the prediction model. The data are laboratory measurements of façade walls in one-third-octave bands (50 Hz–5 kHz). For each façade wall, geometric and physical information (material type, dimensions, thicknesses, densities, and more) are used as input parameters. The model shows a satisfactory predictive capability for airborne sound reduction. A higher accuracy is obtained at middle frequencies (250 Hz–1 kHz), while lower and higher frequency ranges often show higher deviations. The weighted airborne sound reduction index (Rw) of façades can be estimated with a maximum difference of 3 dB. Sometimes, the model shows high variations within fundamental and critical frequencies that influence the predictive precision. A sensitivity analysis is implemented to investigate the significance of parameters in insulation estimations. The material density (i.e., cross-laminated timber panel, gypsum board), thickness of the insulation materials, thickness and spacing between interior studs and the total density of façades are factors of significant weight on predictions. The results also emphasize the importance of façade thickness and the total density of the clustered exterior layers.