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The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems for electricity generation is constantly growing in Brazil. With the reduction in the price of PV modules and the implementation of the electric power compensation system by the power distributor, the consumer is investing in PV microgeneration to reduce the electricity bill. This article aims to develop an embedded system in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). Having an IoT monitoring system applied to a grid-connected PV system in an educational institution helps teach concepts such as IoT and PV generation. The system is based on the ESP32 development board for acquiring DC voltage and current generated by a 1.35 kWp PV system connected to the grid and installed at the IFCE. This proposal offers a low-cost educational solution using open source and programmable hardware, which sends the data to a database in the cloud, enabling remote access worldwide. Then, using the data analysis methodology, it was possible to validate the values measured with the inverter installed with an error below 1% for the voltage and current acquired during one day. With this result, it is concluded that the designed IoT system can be used for measurement in PV systems.

The rapid development of smart home and deep learning attract many types of research to meet the needs of the homeowner that make the right decisions based on preset settings or based on user behavior in the smart home. And because some gases cause air pollution, affect human health, cause lung cancer, breathing problems. and cause a fire as well. Many gases in our home can pose many dangers. One of the risks of using LPG is leakage in cylinders, gas installations, stoves, or LPG heaters. This paper focused on using technological development to alert about a gas leak inside the home to preserve the general health of people. The proposed system, a gas sensor is used to measure the value of gas in the atmosphere. This part is an important part of the smart home, which is taking precautionary measures by using the gas sensor and controller, in addition to using a mobile network system to send an alert message to the user about gas leakage from the mentioned sources. The proposed system is characterized by its low cost and allows the homeowner to monitor the gas leak inside the home from outside.

Copyright of Electronics & Control Systems is the property of National Aviation University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Solar thermal collectors are among the most popular renewable energy research subjects. Automatic Data Acquisition Systems (ADAS) have greatly facilitated their experimental testing, but their high cost is a drawback. In this paper, we present the design and testing of a decentralized, low-cost alternative ADAS based on the ESP32 microcontroller and on open-source software. The proposed system can be used for the experimental characterization of water (or air) operated solar thermal collectors in accordance with the ISO 9806:2017 requirements, but it is also compatible with sensors with lower specifications. We present also its performance results when applied for the testing of a solar thermal collector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potential integration or cooperation of the Internet of things (IoT) systems and the blockchain technology is nowadays attracting remarkable interest from the researchers. These inter-operating systems often have to rely on lowcost, low-power, and robust IoT devices that can communicate with the blockchain network through smart contracts. In this work, we designed and ran a benchmark study for ESP32-based lightweight IoT devices interacting within the Quorum blockchain. A software library was built for ESP32 devices to enable elliptic-curve digital signing, Keccak-256 hashing, decoding, encoding, and secure private key generation capabilities, which all are the basic functional requirements for running a blockchain client. The running times and power consumption values of these essential operations were analyzed and discussed in detail. We also deployed two smart contract functions on the Quorum network and analyzed the performance of the IoT device while interacting via these methods. Further optimizations were proposed and implemented to speed up the processes and save energy, which resulted in a 2.5x increase in the transaction posting speeds and a 2/3 decrease in the energy costs. Another performance comparison between an ESP32 and a PC client was also provided with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to create a smart system based on internet of things (IoT) application for a plant aquarium. This smart system helps users to maintain the environment's parameters of the plant aquarium. In this study, the parameters to be controlled by the system are light intensity and temperature. The hardware used to develop this system is the ESP32 as the microcontroller, BH1750FVI as the light sensor, high power led (HPL) lightemitting diodes (LED) lamp as the light source, DS18B20 as temperature sensor, the heater, and the 220 VAC fan that is used to raise and lower the temperature. In this study also developed an application that is used by the user to provide input to the system. The developed application is then installed on the user's smartphone and used to connect the user to the system via the internet. The ease of adding and removing devices used on the system is a capability that is also being developed in this smart system. The developed system can produce light intensity with accuracy rate of 96% and always manage to keep the temperature within the predetermined range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agar masyarakat umum dapat memahami bahasa isyarat diperlukan orang yang menerjemahkan bahasa isyarat. Penelitian ini dengan judul “Rancang Bangun Sarung Tangan Pintar Penerjemah Bahasa Isyarat Indosnesia (BISINDO) berbasis IoT” bertujuan untuk memudahkan penyandang tunarungu dalam berkomunikasi sehari – hari dengan masyarakat umum. Dengan menggunakan mikrokontroller Esp-32 yang mengolah data masukan dari sensor flex dan sensor gyroscope, kedua sensor tersebut dapat mendeteksi gerakan tangan yang membentuk simbol bahasa isyarat. Sensor flex dipasang pada jari – jari tangan, sedangkan sensor gyroscope diletakan pada punggung tangan kanan dan kiri. Hasil penerjemah simbol yang berupa huruf atau kata akan ditampilkan pada aplikasi di smartphone. Hasil penelitian ini adalah berupa sarung tangan pintar, dimana sarung tangan tersebut dapat menerjemahkan Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia yang disingkat dengan BISINDO. Sensor flex digunakan untuk mendeteksi gerakan dari jari-jari tangan, sedangkan sensor gyroscope dan sensor accelerometer (MPU-6050) untuk mendeteksi gerakan tangan. Dari data kedua perangkat sarung tangan kanan dan kiri tangan dapat dikombinasikan 26 huruf dan 5 kata yang berbeda. Hasil mapping pada sarung tangan kanan pada huruf A, B, L, M, W, Y, Z,memiliki nilai sudut sensor flex yang hamper sama, agar karakter bisa tampil dilakukan mapping pada sensor MPU-6050. Pada sarung tangan kiri lebih banyak yang menggunakan mapping sensor MPU-6050, karena pada simbol bahasa isyarat yang digunakan oleh tunarungu sering menggunakan tangan kanan. Pengujian dilakukan sebanyak 739 kali pada simbol isyarat huruf dan 180 kali pada simbol bahasa isyarat kata, Persentase keberhasilan percobaan pada huruf yaitu sebesar 95% dan persentase keberhasilan percobaan pada kata yaitu sebesar 73%.

Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) is a widely used biophysical technique with applications to drug discovery and protein biochemistry. DSF experiments are commonly performed in commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) thermal cyclers or nanoDSF instruments. Here, we report the construction, validation, and example applications of an open-source DSF system for 176 €, which, in addition to protein-DSF experiments, also proved to be a versatile biophysical instrument for less conventional RNA-DSF experiments. Using 3D-printed parts made of polyoxymethylene, we were able to fabricate a thermostable machine chassis for protein-melting experiments. The combination of blue high-power LEDs as the light source and stage light foil as filter components was proven to be a reliable and affordable alternative to conventional optics equipment for the detection of SYPRO Orange or Sybr Gold fluorescence. The ESP32 microcontroller is the core piece of this openDSF instrument, while the in-built I2S interface was found to be a powerful analog-to-digital converter for fast acquisition of fluorescence and temperature data. Airflow heating and inline temperature control by thermistors enabled high-accuracy temperature management in PCR tubes (±0.1 °C) allowing us to perform high-resolution thermal shift assays (TSA) from exemplary biological applications.

Spin coaters are widely used to apply thin films of a material uniformly over a flat substrate. Despite the simplicity of this technique the entry price for such machines might be prohibitive, ranging from few hundreds to thousands of Euros. Here we present Maasi, an affordable alternative that is easy to build and has all functional key features to be used in a wide range of applications. Our design has a price of less than hundred Euros and an assembly time of only two hours. One of the key design principles was to use only 3D printed parts in combination with affordable Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components [1]. Reducing the complexity we use an electronic speed controller (ESC) with telemetry, to eliminate the need for a rotor position sensor [2]. A touchscreen further improves its usability, thus setting a perfect startpoint for the design of other affordable lab tools. The Maasi project includes different 3D printable substrate holders allowing treatment of formats up to 80 mm in diameter. We furthermore validate the Maasi spin coater by measuring its speed accuracy and performance for coating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on glass coverslips for mechanobiological assays.

The recent statistics on Agriculture identically remarks the massive contributions of mushroom farming in the Global market. Thus, the popularity of mushroom farming and cultivation is increasing day after day. Weather monitoring and management is a significant feature for mushroom growth, especially the impact of temperature and humidity. Most of the farmers in remote areas worldwide use traditional ways to cultivate the mushrooms. The traditional way is very complicated, and often poisonous mushrooms appear due to the lack of sufficient weather and cultivation process monitoring. This paper reflects an architectural design of IoT & Machine Learning (ML)-based Smart Mushroom Farming. The proposed system introduces Remote Monitoring and Management (RMM), Farm Automation, and Mushroom classification. The Internet of Things (IoT), the microcontroller ESP32, and some agriculture-related sensors enable smart monitoring and farm automation. Machine Learning (ML) technology has been adopted to classify edible mushrooms to avoid poisonous mushrooms. To investigate the efficiency of the proposed system, several experiments have been enumerated and interpreted. The study is further furnished with the System Usability Scale (SUS) to track the regular user's satisfaction and gained the SUS score of 82%. The ML model is utilized by an ensemble model that is composed of six classifiers namely Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Random Forest (RF). The highest accuracy gained with the ensemble model is 100% which outperforms each individual classifier. However, the system will be efficient for real-time farm automation and cultivation in the mushroom industry.

Copyright of Engenharia na Agricultura is the property of Engenharia na Agricultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the emergence of the Coronavirus and its declaration as a global pandemic, the world has changed all sectors radically. Covid-19 has caused a very strong effect on daily life and adaptation to new ways of learning, working, and communicating. The smart city is one of the most important solutions that enable us to go on with daily life during the pandemic and beyond. The smart city employs the current technology and smart solutions to serve the community, and improve the services provided to the people, particularly in vital sectors such as health, education, electricity, transportation, communications, and others. This article deals with two innovative applications for the Internet of things in smart cities: The first refers to designing an intelligent health monitoring system, which aims to reduce the spread of Coronavirus infection from people to the medical staff, as well as reduce work pressure on the medical staff. The second application refers to monitoring electrical energy consumed by measuring and monitoring electrical parameters and energy consumption. In addition, it helps us to know the power line trespasser. Both systems are implemented by using sensors to gather data in real-time and then transmit it to the server. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart dustbins and frameworks have been in conversation for a long time. Many innovations have been used to maintain cleanliness and hygiene in the society.Our smart system is the contactless trash collection using ESP32 interfaced with an ultrasonic sensor and servo motor. The proposed procedure for the organization of consumers is a powerful and effective cycle. This automation of waste likewise diminishes human exertion and subsequently the expense of the entire process. This framework can be executed at any spot effortlessly and inside a sensible measure of time. In this proposed method, the collection of wastes can be achieved by using sensors and actuators for supervising the lid of the dustbin, ultimately reducing human efforts. It is an easy to implement model which can be proposed anywhere to a certain extent. The global way of identifying and managing waste is becoming more efficient and smart. Also this invention motivates individuals to develop good hygiene habits. This can be implemented at any place and can be administered with the help of mobile applications by senior citizens and differently abled people to keep their surroundings clean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modul DFPlayer biasa digunakan untuk aplikasi suara, seperti alarm, bel sekolah atau aplikasi yang tidak membutuhkan pengelolahan file mp3 yang banyak. Namun dengan metode yang tepat, DFPlayer juga dapat mengelola file mp3 Al-Quran yang berjumlah 6236 buah dengan baik. Artikel ini akan menunjukkan salah satu metode untuk membaca file mp3 Al-Qur’an sehingga seluruh ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dapat dilantunkan. Metode tersebut adalah menyusun dan mengurutkan nama file mp3 pada folder MP3, membuat algoritma konversi nama urutan file mp3 dan algoritma pemutaran mp3 berdasarkan rentang ayat secara berurutan. Perangkat ini dirancang dengan memanfaatkan mikrokontroler ESP32 sebagai unit pengontrol utama, modul DFPlayer sebagai dekoder audio dan aplikasi Android sebagai pemilih surah dan ayat yang akan diputar. Hasil pengujian yang didapatkan bahwa pemutaran surah pada juz 30 dan pemutaran rentang ayat pada seluruh surah berhasil 100%.

Smart Home automation is increasingly gaining popularity among current applications of Internet of Things (IoT) due to the convenience and facilities it provides to the home owners. Sensors are employed within the home appliances via wireless connectivity to be accessible remotely by home owners to operate these devices. With the exponential increase of smart home IoT devices in the marketplace such as door locks, light bulbs, power switches etc, numerous security concerns are arising due to limited storage and processing power of such devices, making these devices vulnerable to several attacks. Due to this reason, security implementations in the deployment of these devices has gained popularity among researchers as a critical research area. Moreover, the adoption of traditional security schemes has failed to address the unique security concerns associated with these devices. Blockchain, a decentralised database based on cryptographic techniques, is gaining enormous attention to assure security of IoT systems. The blockchain framework within an IoT system is a fascinating substitute to the traditional centralised models, which has some significant concerns in fulfilling the demand of smart homes security. In this article, we aim to examine the security of smart homes by instigating the adoption of blockchain and exploring some of the currently proposed smart home architectures using blockchain technology. To present our findings, we describe a simple secure smart home framework based on a refined version of blockchain called Consortium blockchain. We highlight the limitations and opportunities of adopting such an architecture. We further evaluate our model and conclude with the results by designing an experimental testbed using a few household IoT devices commonly available in the marketplace.

This work presents a home based automated temporary treatment for patient healthcare to be made easier. Varicose veins are veins that are twisted and bulging. Varicose veins can form near the surface of the skin (superficial veins). Varicose veins most commonly affect the veins in the legs. The proposed system consists of a wearable device with vibrating motors connected to an ESP32. Here pressure sensors are used to measure variation of blood pressure in the upper and lower region of the body and if the reading of pressure is higher in the lower region compared to the upper region, then it will activate the motor to give in the exercise to subtle pain and the block of blood in the nerves. This exercise is also given in a periodic time interval without waiting until pressure variation is observed. These automated stockings will also behave as a normal compression stocking when vibration is not applied. In simple words the new designed stocking can perform in 3 ways. The signal acquired from the pressure sensor is processed by ESP32. This in turn activates the motor(to provide periodic vibrations). Patients will be able to receive rapid temporary therapy if this rehabilitation system is implemented.

In various situations, there are times when a person is unable to physically check or provide assistance, leaving a specific action undone. However, with the use of robots, such issues can be resolved, and lives can be saved. To address this need, we have proposed the development of a surveillance robot that can stream real-time videos, transfer audio, and navigate around obstacles. Our aim is to design a system that allows us to wirelessly send commands to the robot, which it will follow accordingly.This proposed system consists of three main parts: the transmitter, receiver, and live streaming section. In the transmitter section, individuals can provide commands to the robot through various means such as gesture or motion tracking. In the receiver section, signals are received and decoded before being sent to the controller, which then directs the robot. Finally, the system is designed to allow for live video streaming to the person monitoring the robot. To achieve this, a common network, such as Wi-Fi, a laptop, and Arduino Uno, will be utilized to enable the surveillance feature for the user. With the implementation of this proposed system, individuals will have access to a reliable and efficient way of remotely checking and assisting in situations where physical presence is not possible. This will provide an effective solution to various problems and, most importantly, save lives.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is taking great hold in today’s technology since it facilitates comfortable and remote monitoring of machines using sensors. On the other hand, Single Phase Induction motors are most widely used in industry as well as home applications. Monitoring and controlling it is a very crucial task. This project is about monitoring several parameters such as the current, voltage, temperature, and speed of an induction motor, and controlling its speed by IOT. The faults are sensed using sensors and are stored in the cloud thereby enabling one to monitor the machine with reduced manual intervention. If the engine has a faulty state (current), the user will be notified of this issue via the mobile application.

Single-phase induction motors are widely used today. A single-phase induction motor is operated using a single-phase inverter. The Single-phase inverter consists of four MOSFETs, two for the high side and two for the low side. The Single-phase induction motors are a constant speed motor. As a corollary, the speed control of the Single-Phase Induction motor becomes a very important necessity. Speed control of the Single-Phase Induction motor can be done in many ways. The method followed in this paper is voltage control/ (V/F Control). By controlling the duty cycle of the MOSFETs, we can control the output of the inverter and there by control the speed of the Single-Phase Induction motor. The inverter has been interfaced with MATLAB, which generates pulses and sends them to the Digital Signal processor. Texas Instrument’s low-cost Piccolo F2802x MCUs are ideal for a variety of applications, such as washing machines, compressors, pumps, fans, electric bicycles, tools, treadmills, compact drives, sewing and textile machines, lifts and hobby motors. This paper focuses on closed loop control of single-phase induction motor using this Micro Controller, F2802x Digital Signal Processor using feedback obtained through a Hall Sensor.

Monitoring of water retention behavior in soils is an essential process to schedule irrigation. To this end, soil moisture tensiometers usually equipped with mechanical manometers provide an easy and cost-effective monitoring of tension in unsaturated soils. Yet, periodic manual monitoring of many devices is a tedious task hindering the full exploitation of soil moisture tensiometers. This research develops and lab validates a low cost IoT soil moisture tensiometer. The IoT-prototype is capable of measuring tension up to −80 Kpa with R2 = 0.99 as compared to the same tensiometer equipped with a mechanical manometer. It uses an ESP32 MCU, BMP180 barometric sensor and an SD card module to upload the measured points to a cloud service platform and establishes an online soil water potential curve. Moreover, it stores the reading on a micro-SD card as txt file. Being relatively cheap (76 USD) the prototype allows for more extensive measurements and, thus, for several potential applications such as soil water matric potential mapping, precision irrigation, and smart irrigation scheduling. In terms of energy, the prototype is totally autonomous, using a 2400 mAh Li-ion battery and a solar panel for charging, knowing that it uses deep sleep feature and sends three data points to the cloud each 6 h.

В статті на основі аналізу сучасних тенденцій в області IoT технологій визначено сегмент, для якого забезпечення інформаційної безпеки може зіткнутися з недостатністю її рівня. Це пристрої IoT на основі мікроконтролера ESP32, які розроблені і впроваджені в домашніх умовах непрофесіоналами. Запропонована і реалізована на лабораторному масштабі фізична модель непрофесіональної саморобної системи IoT, яка включає в себе пристрій для вимірювання температури на базі ESP32 (малогабаритний ESP32 на основі набору ESP32 DevKit V2 виробництва Espressif та цифровий датчик температури DS18B20), домашню мережу WiFi (на базі маршрутизатора TL-WR841N) і веб-інтерфейс (на базі модуля node-red-dashboard). Початкові умови експерименту включали в себе наступне: використання протоколу UDP, аутентифікація і шифрування передачі даних на основі специфікації WPA2-PSK, рівень кваліфікації зловмисника достатній для використання інструментів Aircrack-ng, Airmon-ng, Airodump-ng, Aireplay-ng, Besside-ng, Wireshark. В результаті експерименту на основі цієї моделі був успішно реалізований сценарій отримання несанкціонованого доступу до переданих даних. Сценарій атаки складається з чотирьох етапів: 1 – отримання несанкціонованого доступу до мережі (зміна режиму мережевої карти на режим моніторингу (Airmon-ng), перегляд доступних точок доступу (Airodump-ng), перехоплення рукостискання, вгадування пароля (Besside-ng); 2 – перехоплення і аналізу мережевого трафіку (Wireshark); 3 – створення підробленого клієнта ESP32 використовуючи отримані раніше дані (Arduino) і підключення його до мережі; 4 –від’єднання оригінального пристрою на базі ESP32 від сервера (Aircrack-ng). Показано, що зловмисник, який має базові знання та навички в роботі із розповсюдженими засобами злому бездротових мереж і базові знання та навички програмування ESP32 може отримати доступ до системи і відправити підроблену інформацію на веб-інтерфейс. Для того, щоб зменшити ймовірність пропонованого сценарію рекомендується використовувати протокол TCP, який на відміну від UDP забезпечує цілісність даних і повідомлення відправника про результати передачі.

Health and vitals monitoring trend has risen in the medical industry. The aid of technology on medical measurements and procedures has revolutionized medical evaluations which minimized time allocation and human errors in the industry. Technology also paved the way to advance medical services by providing data from monitoring devices for analytics in patient assessment and evaluation. That said, it is also essential that a patient’s record will be secured and confidential as it undergoes system processes. This study focuses on the remote and secure transmission of data within a multi-node system that is centralized in blood pressure monitoring. This will present ideal devices, protocols, and procedures to realize how data can be transmitted from one component to the other while incorporating security techniques to serve its purpose for medical analytics.

The article describes the use of embedded systems in the Industrial Internet of Things and its benefits for industrial robots. For this purpose, the article presents a case study, which deals with an embedded system using an advanced microcontroller designed to be placed directly on the robot. The proposed system is being used to collect information about industrial robot parameters that impact its behavior and its long-term condition. The device measures the robot’s surroundings parameters and its vibrations while working. Besides that, it also has an enormous potential to collect other parameters such as air pollution or humidity. The collected data are stored on the cloud platform and processed and analysed. The embedded system proposed in this article is conceived to be small and mobile, as it is a wireless system that can be easily applied to any industrial robot.

Casualties caused by people trapped in cars have been common in recent years. Despite a variety of solutions, complex detection devices need to be arranged, or privacy is poor. Since device-free Wi-Fi sensing has attracted much attention due to its simplicity, low cost, and no need for additional hardware, this paper proposes a contactless wireless Wi-Fi sensing-based method for detecting people left in cars: Car-Sense. The method uses ESP32 devices in the vehicle to build a wireless Wi-Fi network for low-cost, real-time, and accurate personnel awareness. By capturing and analyzing the CSI (Channel State Information) signal, extracting features, and building a machine-learning correlation model, the number and location of occupants can be estimated and further inferred in combination with sensing data such as vehicle temperature. Even better, with the computing power of the edge-side devices to process data in collaboration with the cloud, the computing process is partially localized to reduce the computing pressure and latency in the cloud. The approach has been experimentally verified to have more than 85% accuracy.

With the climate change we are experiencing today, the number and intensity of heatwaves are increasing dramatically, significantly impacting our buildings’ overheating. The majority of the prefabricated concrete panel buildings in Hungary are considered outdated from an energy point of view. These buildings may be at greater risk from extreme weather events. To examine this, long-term monitoring measurements are needed. Therefore, we developed a unique, reliable, and cost-effective wireless monitoring system, which can track in real time the indoor air quality data (temperature, relative humidity, CO2) of the investigated apartment building, as well as users’ habits, such as resident presence, window opening, and blind movement. The data were used to analyse and quantify the summer overheating of the dwelling and user habits. The measurements showed that the average temperature in all rooms was above 26 °C, and there were several occasions when the temperature exceeded 30 °C. Overheating in apartment buildings in summer is a significant problem that needs to be addressed. Further investigation of ventilation habits will help develop favourable ventilation strategies, and using these measurements in dynamic simulations will also help improve the models’ validity for further studies.

The purpose of this study is to create a monitoring system for cluster housing. The method used in this research was experimental. Monitoring carried out in this system was installed and tested on ten houses. This system used an ESP-MESH for communication between ESP32 boards in residential areas. The process of sending data to the online server used two ESP32 boards that function as a mesh server and a gateway for data transmission. The data sent is in the form of data from ultrasonic sensors, PIR1 and PIR2 sensors, Flame sensors, Gas sensors, and Photos. The photo result was taking by ESP32CAM when the system detects an intruder. When something bad happens, such as fire detection, intruders, and gas leaks, residents will receive text and image notifications through the LINE application. The head of security will also get notifications via the web application. The web application is built using the Django framework. The results of this study are a monitoring system for cluster housing using ESP32, ESP-MESH, and Django. Based on the test results, this system has been running well by the initial objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most useful medical examinations for the monitoring of cardiovascular diseases. The position and the duration of the QRS complex on the ECG signal are very important in the diagnosis of these diseases. Even though several R-peak (and hence QRS complex) detection algorithms are available, most are based on complex computations that require off-line processing on a personal computer (PC). However, with the advances in wearable devices and telemedicine, an algorithm that can run efficiently on a microcontroller (or embedded system) is needed. This article presents the development of an embedded algorithm for the detection of the QRS complex of an ECG signal. The algorithm is based on the shape and appearance of the signal. It extracts certain characteristics like the shape of the QRS complex, its slope, trend, and the duration between two successive QRS complexes, and then use them to increase detection accuracy. First, the R-peak is detected through the application of three levels of tests using adaptive thresholds. Second, from each R position, the positions of Q and S are detected using three other tests. To evaluate the performance of the algorithm, the MIT-BIH database was used and the sensitivity, positive prediction, and F1 score were used as evaluation metrics. The algorithm obtained average F1 scores of 99.67%, 99.73%, and 99.83% for the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia, Pacemaker Rhythm, and the Normal Sinus Rhythm Databases, respectively. Both normal and abnormal ECG signals were used in this performance test. The algorithm was then implemented on a microcontroller system, and its accuracy and run time were evaluated. The obtained F1 score results were the same as on the personal computer (PC) and an average run time of $16.23~\mu \text{s}$ per sample was obtained. The performance of the algorithm was also compared to other commonly used algorithms. The proposed algorithm has great potential in wearable systems for long-term monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mostly in home and office appliances, lights and fans are manually controlled which leads to power waste. They are left ON even if there is no usage of them. Their operation is not controlled by environmental conditions like daylight and temperature variation. By making a smart automated controlling system for appliances we can save huge amounts of power. In this paper, we are providing a solution for preventing the waste of home electric power in a comfortable and cost effective way. Our system utilizes the use of Infrared Object Detection Sensors and the Motion Sensors. Depending on the person's presence, devices such as lamps, fans, etc. are switched on or off. An example of an apartment is given for the system application. The cost is calculated and the investment impact on the long run is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many routines in biological experiments require the precise handling of liquid volumes in the range of microliters up to liters. In this paper, we describe a new wireless controller that is adapted to liquid manipulation tasks, in particular when combined with the proposed 3D-printed pumps. It can be built from widely available electronic components and managed with open-source software. The use of peristaltic pumps enables to move volumes from milliliters to liters with a relative error below 1% or a syringe pump capable of injecting volumes in the range of milliliters with microliter accuracy. The system is remotely controllable over WiFi and easily automated using the MQTT communication protocol. The programming of the microcontroller is performed on the Arduino IDE. The WiFi settings and the calibration value can be easily modified, stored and exported in the form of a JSON file to create a user friendly, plug and play and easily scalable device. Additional sensors or actuators can be added, allowing the system to adapt to various usages. Finally, in addition to its low manufacturing cost and its capability to fit a large variety of tasks involving liquid handling, our system has been specifically designed for research environments where adaptability and repeatability of experiments is essential.

Purpose and Originality: The main problem in data acquisition from different sensor nodes is the lack of access to a local wireless network. The purpose of this paper is to present the possibilities offered by the ESP-NOW communication protocol on the development board ESP32 from Espressif (1). Method: For this paper we used quantitative method. 3 wireless communication modules are used that exchange information from 3 different sensor nodes. Results: The used system provides data retrieval from sensor nodes in conditions of non-existence of local internet network, with satisfactory communication distance (190m). Society: Тhis type of devices is especially useful for use in systems for measurement of data acquisition from environmental protection systems. Limitations / further research: Direction for further research: a system change is recommended in order to increase the achieved distances of Wi-Fi information exchange.

The rapid development of smart home and deep learning attract many types of research to meet the needs of the homeowner that make the right decisions based on preset settings or based on user behavior in the smart home. And because some gases cause air pollution, affect human health, cause lung cancer, breathing problems. and cause a fire as well. Many gases in our home can pose many dangers. One of the risks of using LPG is leakage in cylinders, gas installations, stoves, or LPG heaters. This paper focused on using technological development to alert about a gas leak inside the home to preserve the general health of people. The proposed system, a gas sensor is used to measure the value of gas in the atmosphere. This part is an important part of the smart home, which is taking precautionary measures by using the gas sensor and controller, in addition to using a mobile network system to send an alert message to the user about gas leakage from the mentioned sources. The proposed system is characterized by its low cost and allows the homeowner to monitor the gas leak inside the home from outside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The implementation of algorithms for acoustic source localization on edge platforms for the Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining momentum. Applications based on acoustic monitoring can greatly benefit from efficient implementations of such algorithms, enabling novel services for smart homes and buildings or ambient-assisted living. In this context, this brief proposes extreme low-cost sound source localization system composed of two microphones and the low power microcontroller module ESP32. A Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) algorithm has been implemented taking into account the specific features of this board, showing excellent performance despite the memory constraints imposed by the platform. We have also adapted off-the-shelf low-cost microphone boards to the input requirements of the ESP32 Analog-to-Digital Converter. The processing has been optimized by leveraging in parallel both cores of the microcontroller to capture and process the audio in real time. Our experiments expose that we can perform real-time localization, with a processing time below 3.3 ms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent progress in Device-Free Wi-Fi Sensing (DFWS) has established the use of wireless signals like Wi-Fi not only to communicate but also as a tool to enable device-free sensing. As an emerging technique, DFWS has many capable applications such as sensing activity and gesture and fall detection, monitoring elderly, surveillance, and many more applications while waiving out the necessity to mount devices on the object. A wide range of applications can use the channel state information (CSI) from commercial Wi-Fi devices pervasively for ubiquitous sensing. Existing CSI tools, such as the Intel 5300 network interface controller tool or the Atheros 9390 tool, have limitations when deployed in large-scale systems due to their high deployment costs and limitations in the resolution of CSI measurements. Due to these shortcomings, DFWS applications need an alternative CSI tool in order to perform efficiently. In this paper, we present ESP32-based Wi-ESP as a CSI gathering tool that can report detailed CSI measurements based on 802.11n standards. The proposed Wi-ESP tool works as a complete device by collecting the CSI measurements as well as processing further for DFWS applications. Wi-ESP can work as standalone device, unlike other CSI tools, and can offer large-scale deployment to many DFWS applications. In this paper, we have explored the options of Wi-ESP as a tool for CSI measurements and processing and propose it as a tool for DFWS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current digital world, a person anticipates automation which can make the work simple and easy. In this busy world a person has the problem of remembering many trivial things one such is watering their plants in the garden regularly as per the requirement of plants for their better and healthy growth. The main idea is to adapt current technology instead of our old system so that the latest Automated system provides sufficient water for farming, home gardening, etc could be achieved. In the current scenario people expect their daily activities to be automated which make their chore convenient and efficient, IoT is one such platform that focuses on human comfort. IoT mainly targets to combine everything in our world under one system or framework. It can be used to manage things and can also keep us updated constantly with current situation. Internet of Things comprises of various devices which can connect to internet and exchange information with one another and sends that information to the user. The proposed system uses Ultra sonic sensor for examining the water level of tank and soil moisture sensor to detect the water content of soil for automated supply of water using Solar power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]