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In the competitive business world, applying a reliable and powerful mechanism to support decision makers in manufacturing companies and helping them save time by considering varieties of effective factors is an inevitable issue. Advanced Available-to-Promise is a perfect tool to design and perform such a mechanism. In this study, this mechanism which is compatible with the Make-to-Forecast production systems is presented. The ability to distinguish between batch mode and real-time mode advanced available-to-promise is one of the unique superiorities of the proposed model. We also try to strengthen this mechanism by integrating the inventory allocation and job shop scheduling by considering due dates and weighted earliness/tardiness cost that leads to more precise decisions. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model and a heuristic algorithm according to its disability to solve large size problems are presented. The designed experiments and the obtained results have proved the efficiency of the proposed heuristic method.

The current requirements of many manufacturing companies, such as the fashion, textile, and clothing industries, involve the production of multiple products with different processing routes and products with short life cycles, which prevents obtaining deterministic setup and processing times. Likewise, several industries present restrictions when changing from one reference to another in the production system, incurring variable and sequence-dependent setup times. Therefore, this article aims to solve the flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSSP) considering due windows, sequence-dependent setup times, and uncertainty in processing and setup times. A genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the FJSSP by integrating fuzzy logic to minimize the weighted penalties for tardiness/earliness. The proposed algorithm is implemented in a real-world case study of a fabric finishing production system, and it is compared with four heuristics adapted to the FJSSP such as earliest due date, critical reason, shortest processing time, and Monte Carlo simulation. Results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm provides efficient and satisfactory solutions concerning the objective function and computing time since it overperforms (more than 30%) the heuristics used as benchmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción- Se considera el problema de producción temprana/tardía con el objetivo de distribuir los productos a los clientes en los tiempos óptimos. Basado en el problema descrito en [1], que fue resuelto por ellos con los algoritmos genéticos, el problema se presenta como uno de programación semi-infinita (SIP). Objetivo- Obtener la mejor solución del problema de la producción temprana/tardía o como mínimo una similar a esta. Metodología- El método estocástico de aproximaciones externas [2] fue aplicado para obtener solución numérica del problema y los algoritmos fueron programados en MATLAB. Resultados- Algoritmo propuesto se aplica para un caso real de producción en Colombia y brinda la solución óptima de la planeación de producción. Conclusiones- La solución obtenida en este trabajo da el valor de la función objetivo ligeramente mayor en comparación con las soluciones obtenidas en [1] y [3] pero cumple todas las restricciones.

Grain sorghum production has expanded during the off-season when rainfall oscillates and becomes insufficient. Aiming to obtain better adapted cultivars, breeding programs have sought new combinations of hybrids with earliness, high grain yield, and ideal plant height for harvesting. This study aimed to estimate de combining ability of grain sorghum lines, proposing a breeding strategy, to identify hybrids gathering high yield, earliness, and desired plant height. Thirty-six hybrids from crosses of 12 lines were evaluated at two sites in the Brazilian region known as Cerrado biome. The evaluated traits were: days to flowering, plant height, and grain yield. For the diallel analysis, Method 4 of Griffing adapted to partial diallel was adopted. By combining ability analysis, we identified promising lines to be used as parents to obtain more yielding, early, and ideal height hybrids. The findings allowed us to propose a breeding strategy, in which complex crosses should be performed to gather favorable alleles in new restorer and male-sterile lines. The hybrids 7, 9, 19, and 22 are the most suitable for growing in the evaluated sites. Highlights: Combining ability analysis allows the identification of promising parents to be used in grain sorghum breeding program. Favorable alleles for each trait are contained in different parents, which makes gene pyramiding a necessary strategy to simultaneously gathering earliness, plant height suitable for harvesting, and high yield in a single hybrid. To improve the R lines, the cross between M2 (good donor for shorter height) x M5 (good donor for earliness) should be performed, and the hybrid resulting from M2xM5 can be crossed with the M4 line (good donor for high grain yield). The hybrid generated by the cross F1-B x F4-B (high earliness) should be crossed with the hybrid derived from F6-B x F5-B (shorter height), and the hybrid resulting should be crossed with the hybrid generated by F2-B x F3-B (high grain yield).

A high-density, high-resolution genetic map was constructed for bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). A total of 2013 high quality SNP markers binned to 20 linkage groups (LG) spanning a cumulative distance of 2329.2 cM were developed. Each LG ranging from 185.2 cM (LG-12) to 46.2 cM (LG-17) and average LG span of 116.46 cM. The number of SNP markers mapped in each LG varied from 23 markers in LG-20 to 146 markers in LG-1 with an average of 100.65 SNPs per LG. The average distance between markers was 1.16 cM across 20 LGs and average distance between the markers ranged from 0.70 (LG-4) to 2.92 (LG-20). A total of 22 QTLs for four traits (gynoecy, sex ratio, node and days at first female flower appearance) were identified and mapped on 20 LGs. The gynoecious (gy-1) locus is flanked by markers TP_54865 and TP_54890 on LG 12 at a distance of 3.04 cM to TP_54890 and the major QTLs identified for the earliness traits will be extremely useful in marker development and MAS for rapid development of various gynoecious lines with different genetic background of best combiner for development of early and high yielding hybrids in bitter gourd.

The current requirements of many manufacturing companies, such as the fashion, textile, and clothing industries, involve the production of multiple products with different processing routes and products with short life cycles, which prevents obtaining deterministic setup and processing times. Likewise, several industries present restrictions when changing from one reference to another in the production system, incurring variable and sequence-dependent setup times. Therefore, this article aims to solve the flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSSP) considering due windows, sequence-dependent setup times, and uncertainty in processing and setup times. A genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the FJSSP by integrating fuzzy logic to minimize the weighted penalties for tardiness/earliness. The proposed algorithm is implemented in a real-world case study of a fabric finishing production system, and it is compared with four heuristics adapted to the FJSSP such as earliest due date, critical reason, shortest processing time, and Monte Carlo simulation. Results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm provides efficient and satisfactory solutions concerning the objective function and computing time since it overperforms (more than 30%) the heuristics used as benchmarks.

A field experiment was conducted to identify elite early maturing G. barbadense genotypes by evaluating morphological and fibre quality traits advanced genotypes developed at CICR, Regional Station, Coimbatore. Ten advanced genotypes of G. barbadense genotypes viz., CCB-5, CCB-11, CCB-17, CCB-26, CCB-27, CCB-28, CCB-29, CCB-30, CCB-33 and CCB-36 were used in this study. In the present study, analysis of variance of genotypes was highly significant for all the traits studied. Three genotypes viz,. CCB-29, CCB-36 and CCB-5 were found to be early maturing in terms of days to first flower, lower node no to first sympodial branch, boll formation in 90, 120 and 150 days after sowing and opening of bolls in 120 and 150 days after sowing. Regarding yield traits, maximum number of bolls per plant and higher seed cotton yield were recorded in the genotypes CCB-29, CCB-36 and CCB-5. It was also observed that maximum staple length, strength and desirable micronaire were registered in CCB-29, CCB-36, CCB-5 and CCB-11. The correlation coefficients showed that the days taken to first flower, number of nodes in lower first sympodial branch, bolls formed at 150 days, number of bolls per plant have significant positive correlations with seed cotton yield. The positive correlations of yield components with seed cotton yield are reliable and more effective and efficient indicators for selecting early maturing genotypes in Egyptian cotton.

Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic purity and earliness in F1 and F2 population of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) respectively. Experiment was carried out at the Experimental Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (HP) during the years 2015 and 2016. Experimental material used in the study comprised of Khira-75, a commercial variety grown in low and mid hills of the state (Himachal Pradesh) which is late in flowering and genotype PI-618860, an inbred line collected from North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, USA which is early in flowering and tolerates various biotic stresses. For assessment of genetic purity and earliness the parents Khira-75 and PI-618860 were crossed and F1 and F2 population were raised. Genetic purity studies revealed that one marker CSN 160 was observed to be segregating in the parents as well as the population. Further, scoring of earliness in F2 population revealed promising results using 2 codominant SSR00262 and SSR17922 markers, which segregated in the parents and population in correlation with the observed phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The objective of this work was to select early maturing and high yielding mung bean (Vigna radiata) genotypes for savanna and rainforest conditions in Nigeria. Twenty mung bean genotypes were evaluated, in 2019 and 2020, in the following agroecological zones of Southwestern Nigeria: Rainforest, Derived Savanna, and Southern Guinea Savanna, totaling six environments. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The restricted maximum likelihood (REML)/best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) mixed model was used. The magnitude of the phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than that of the genotypic coefficient of variation for all agronomic characters measured. A high heritability estimate was recorded for first flowering (87%), followed by pod length (85%), number of seeds per pod (79%), and 50% flowering (55%). However, a low heritability was observed for seed yield per hectare (23%). The selective accuracy was 0.5 for yield, which is considered moderate, and ranged from 0.7 to 0.9 for the other characters. A yield of 1,472.93 kg ha-1 was obtained across the six environments. Nine promising genotypes (TVr-45, TVr-98, TVr-64, TVr-102, TVr-86, TVr-106, TVr-9, TVr-95, and TVr-33) were identified. Therefore, these genotypes are suitable and adapted for cultivation in the agroecological zones of Southwestern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a connective tissue metabolic disease of autosomal recessive inheritance due to mutations in the ABCC6 gene in the chromosome 16p13.1 with a prevalence of 1:25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants with a slight predominance in women. This defect causes calcification and progressive fragmentation of elastic fibers in the skin, eyes, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. CLINICAL CASE: A 28-year-old female patient consulted a dermatologist due to a progressive growth dermatosis of 10 years of evolution with onset in the postpartum period at 18 years of age, located on the anterior region of the neck with a rough light brown surface giving a yellowish papule lesion appearance with a 2.5 x 2.5 cm diameter with no current growth evolution. In view of the pseudoxanthoma elasticum suspicion, cardiologic and ophthalmologic evaluation and a skin biopsy were requested. In the histopathological report the Verhoeff-Van Gieson stain evidenced short, curled, and frayed basophilic elastic fibers and the hematoxylin and eosin stain showed calcium deposits in intracellular spaces, twisted collagen fibers and filamentous material. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of pseudoxanthoma elasticum can modify and reduce its morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background. The article presents information on the results of screening potato cultivars for major commercial traits: earliness, high yield, high starch content, resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary), virus diseases and potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll. (Ro1)). Materials and methods. VIR’s collection of domestic and foreign potato cultivars served as the material for this research. The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines developed at the Potato Genetic Resources Department of VIR. Results and conclusion. The analysis of pedigrees helped to select source material for the main trends of domestic potato breeding. Data of a number of cultivars identified by analyzing progenies from self-pollination are presented in the paper. Potential sources of major commercial traits were found: cvs. ‘Banba’ (k-25222), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Belukha’ (k-25146), ‘Charoit’ (k-25221), ‘Colleen’ (k-25224), ‘Gala’ (k-25270), ‘Geyzer’ (k-25266), ‘Gornyak’ (k-25311), ‘Larets’ (k-25211), ‘Leoni’ (k-25244), ‘Manifest’ (k-25265), ‘Meteor’ (k-25212), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Prizer’ (k-25217), etc. were identified as high yield sources; cvs. ‘Aktyubinskiy-2’ (k-25300), ‘Alaya roza’ (k-25144), ‘Charaўnik’ (k-25139), ‘Darnitsa’ (k-25179), ‘Lad’ (k-25180), ‘Levada’ (k-25121), ‘Maksimum’ (k-25136), ‘Palitra’ (k-25123), ‘Tamyz’ (k-25307), ‘Universal’ (k-25137), ‘Vektor’ (k-25200), ‘Vytok’ (k-11897), ‘Zarevo’ (k-10773) and ‘Zholbarys’ (k-25155) as sources of high starch content; cvs. ‘Aral’ (k-25107), ‘Aymurat’ (k-25248), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Berkut’ (k-25250), ‘Gastsinets’ (k-25264), ‘Musinskiy’ (k-25312), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Rapsodiya’ (k-25130), ‘Senim’ (k-25306), ‘Sunkar’ (k-25258), ‘Tamyz’ (k-25307), ‘Udovitskiy’ (k-25260), ‘Vektor’ (k-25200), ‘Velikan’ (k-25201), ‘Zholbarys’ (k-25155) and ‘Zvezdochka’ (k-25209) as sources of late blight resistance; cvs. ‘Adil’ (k-25112), ‘Azart’ (k-25196), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Charoit’ (k-25221), ‘Favorit’ (k-25132), ‘Gastsinets’ (k-25264), ‘Geyzer’ (k-25266), ‘Krasavchik’ (k-25210), ‘Maksimum’ (k-25136), ‘Malyshok’ (k-25189), ‘Manifest’ (k-25265), ‘Nadezhda’ (k-25213), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Pamyati Lorkha’ (k-25214), ‘Rapsodiya’ (k-25130), ‘Senim’ (k-25306), ‘Sirenevyy tuman’ (k-25143), ‘Sultan’ (k-25131), ‘Shchedrik’ (k-25126), ‘Tekes’ (k-25173), ‘Velikan’ (k-25201), ‘Volat’ (k-25263), ‘Zhemchuzhina’ (k-25128), etc. as sources of field resistance to virus diseases. Cultivars combining resistance to potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll. (Ro1)) with other valuable commercial traits were also identified.

Watermelon is widely propagated through grafting, after which seedlings are subjected to healing under controlled conditions including artificial lighting. Light wavelengths, such as blue, red, and far-red, impose considerable effects on seedlings, which possibly carry on to the mature plants. The aim of the present study is to examine whether different light wavelengths during healing of grafted watermelon seedlings impose variable effects during field cultivation. After grafting, seedlings were healed in an environmentally controlled healing chamber under fluorescent (FL) lamps and light-emitting diodes, providing 100% red (R), 100% blue (B), 88/12% R/B (12B), and 12B including 5% far-red (12B + FR). After acclimatization, seedlings were transplanted in the field. Vegetative growth until floral initiation was enhanced by 12B and 12B + FR, as shown by stem diameter and leaf number measurements. Flowering was mainly accelerated by 12B + FR and considerably decelerated by FL and B. The same pattern was followed by fruit yield, which was similar for all treatments at the end of the experiment. Nevertheless, fruit quality was not affected by any of the light treatments. It is concluded that a light recipe, including red, blue and far-red, wavelengths during healing of grafted seedlings enhances the overall growth, and flowering and yield earliness of watermelon crops.

This study considers single machine earliness/tardiness scheduling problem with the common due date under the effects of learning and deterioration. Different combinations of the effects of learning and deterioration are considered in single machine earliness/tardiness scheduling problem. For deterioration effect, linear and nonlinear deterioration effects are considered in the problem. For learning effect, position-dependent learning effect is only considered in the problem. To prove the V-shaped property of the optimal solution whatever the combination of learning and deterioration effects, two theorems for the problem are proposed. At the end, the V-shaped property of the problem under these effects is proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to enhance earliness and fruit set, which is a crucial factor in apricot production. The study was conducted on an apricot orchard located in Serinyol town of Antakya between 2010 and 2011. In the experiment, ‘Ninfa’, ‘Bebeco’, ‘Aurora’ and ‘Roksana’ cultivars were used. The experimental cultivars were planted on 3 x 6 m in 2006 as one-year-old plants budded on seedling rootstocks. The plants have been irrigated by drip irrigation since their transplantation. In the experiment, there were four treatments as follows: control, transparent polyethylene mulch, organic mulch, and transparent polyethylene mulch + organic mulch. As plastic mulch, a 0.02 mm (UV+AB) transparent plastic 1.60 cm in width; and, wheat straw as organic mulch was used. The experiment was designed as split-plot experimental design with 5 replications having 1 tree in each replication. The mulch was applied based on the physiological stages of the trees; prior to break of dormancy and opening of the buds. In the study, phenological observations (first flowering, full flowering and the end of the flowering as well as fruit set ratios), the status of vegetative development and yield were determined. As a result, in the both years, the flowering and fruit set ratios of control trees were found lower than the organic mulch or plastic mulch treated trees. Mulching treatments were enhanced 2-4 days earliness compared to control treatment for fruit maturity; and transparent polyethylene mulch + organic mulch was found partially better than the others two mulching treatments.

Growingseason duration wasanalyzed in more than 350 Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. cultivarsto reveal diverse reliable donorsof the character. The advantage of the Fasciculatum Sturt group wasconfirmed byitsearlyand uniform ripening. Correlationsbetween the durationsof phenological stages, fruit set, and fruit growthrate asearlyharvest componentswere refined. Donorswere isolated from populationsof the Grossum L. (Sendt), Longum D.C., and Fasciculatum groupsand differentiated accordingto the adaptive valuesof the “earlyharvest” and “phonological stage duration” traits. The background environment settingsfor breedingfor crop yield and earlinesswere determined.

Breeding has significantly improved drought tolerance in green gram but marked yield losses continue due to damage by insect pests. Important pests of green gram are pod borers, Maruca vitrata (F.), aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover and whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Management of these pests has partly been constrained by the limited understanding of crop traits that modulate their infestation. Field experiments were conducted in southeastern Kenya to evaluate a collection of old and new green gram varieties for tolerance to field pests, and to identify traits that confer resistance. The old varieties were KS20 and N26, both released in 1990s whereas the modern counterparts were Biashara, Karembo, and Ndengu-Tosha. Results showed significant differences among the varieties in maturity, leaf area, leaf hair density, leaf moisture content, and pod wall thickness. Earliness significantly reduced pest infestation, whereby KS20 matured early while N26 was late, and the new varieties were intermediate. On average, across the three environments, leaf area (R2 ≥ 0.32) and leaf moisture content (R2 ≥ 0.18) positively correlated with pest infestation while leaf hair density (R2 ≥ 0.30), and pod wall thickness (R2 ≥ 0.54) showed a negative association with pod borer and aphid counts. However, results did not reveal any particular traits that associated with the varieties, which implied that breeding of green gram in Kenya has not selected for tolerance to field pests. Nonetheless, green gram field pest management practices could select for varieties with early maturity, open plant canopy, pubescent leaves, and thicker pod walls., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.)

Earliness in crop plants has a vital role in prevention of heat-induced drought stress and in combating global warming, which is predicted to exacerbate in the near future. Furthermore, earliness may expand production into northern areas or higher altitudes, having relatively shorter growing season and may also expand arable lands to meet global food demands. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for super-earliness and important agro-morphological traits in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from an interspecific cross. A population of 114 RILs developed through single-seed descent from an interspecific cross involving Pisum sativum L. and P. fulvum Sibth. et Sm. was evaluated to identify QTLs for super-earliness and important agro-morphological traits. A genetic map was constructed with 44 SSRs markers representing seven chromosomes with a total length of 262.6 cM. Of the 14 QTLs identified, two were for super-earliness on LG2, one for plant height on LG3, six for number of pods per plant on LG2, LG4, LG5 and LG6, one for number of seeds per pod on LG6, one for pod length on LG4 and three for harvest index on LG3, LG5, and LG6. AA205 and AA372-1 flanking markers for super-earliness QTLs were suggested for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in pea breeding programs due to high heritability of the trait. This is the first study to map QTLs originating from P. sativum and P. fulvum recently identified species with super-earliness character and the markers (AA205 and AA372-1) linked to QTLs were valuable molecular tools for pea breeding.