994 results on '"dynamometers"'
Search Results
202. Vehicle emissions vs fuel composition. API-Bureau of Mines: Part II. [American Petroleum Institute (API) and U. S. Bureau of Mines joint study]
- Author
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Eccleston, B
- Published
- 1969
203. Use of a computer controlled engine dynamometer for the development of automotive electronics
- Author
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Cassidy, Jr, J
- Published
- 1973
204. Propane as an engine fuel for clean air requirements. Part 1. A progress report
- Author
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Hurn, R
- Published
- 1970
205. Study of physico-mechanic of the disintegration of rocks
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Jozef, K
- Published
- 1970
206. Getting performance without sacrificing economy or emissions control in a heavy-duty LPG engine
- Author
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Linnard, R
- Published
- 1973
207. Catalytic reduction of oxides of nitrogen emissions in auto exhaust gas
- Author
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Mooney, J
- Published
- 1973
208. Air pollutant inventory: enter the diesel
- Author
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Seizinger, D
- Published
- 1965
209. Fire Resistant Fuel for Military Compression Ignition Engines
- Author
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SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX TARDEC FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY, Westbrook, Steven R, Wright, Bernard R, Marty, Steven D, Schmitigal, Joel, SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX TARDEC FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY, Westbrook, Steven R, Wright, Bernard R, Marty, Steven D, and Schmitigal, Joel
- Abstract
During an Army research program in the mid-1980s, fire-resistant diesel fuel that self extinguished when ignited by an explosive projectile was developed. Chemically, this fire resistant fuel (FRF) was a stable mixture of diesel fuel, 10 percent water, and an emulsifier. The Army FRF program ended in 1987 without fielding this fire resistant fuel formulation. There were both technical and logistical reasons for this. Unconventional warfare experienced in Iraq and Afghanistan involving use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) has led the Army to restart the FRF program in an attempt to counter the increasing threat of fuel fires. Efforts are now underway to develop new Fire Resistant Fuel to reduce and/or eliminate both the initial mist fireball and any residual pool burning. Vehicle operation and environmental conditions commonly cause the temperature of the fuel in the vehicles to rise above its flash point, thus making it more susceptible to being ignited. This elevated fuel temperature, when combined with an ignition source such as a ballistic penetration near the fuel tank or fuel line, significantly increases the potential for a catastrophic fuel fire. This paper will discuss some of the aspects and limitations of developing a fire resistant fuel water emulsion and how the use of JP-8, as intended by the single fuel forward concept, affects this development, Submitted to ASTM International for Publication to STP1573 Symposium on fire Resistant Fluids.
- Published
- 2013
210. SURVIAC Bulletin, Issue 1
- Author
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SURVIVABILITY/VULNERABILITY INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH and SURVIVABILITY/VULNERABILITY INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
- Published
- 2013
211. Gear Fatigue Diagnostics and Prognostics
- Author
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ROCHESTER INST OF TECH NY, Nenadic, Nenad G, ROCHESTER INST OF TECH NY, and Nenadic, Nenad G
- Abstract
This progress report covers the first period of funding (April 2012-September 2012). The first objective was to collect meaningful gear fault progression data starting from healthy NASA-designed spur test gears and ending with failed parts. Because tooth breaking gives rise to catastrophic failures of larger systems that employ gearboxes, the focus was placed on this failure mode. Data has been collected with the development of prognostic algorithms in mind. With previously designed, fabricated, and instrumented fixtures (one for single gear tooth fatigue, and one for gear-on-gear dynamometer-based tester) we have been collecting crack initiation and crack propagation data. Acoustic emission (AE) sensors, with the accompanying signal processing and software, furnished by VTD, has been added to both fixtures (one at a time) to collect acoustic emission data in parallel with the existing signals: force, displacement, and crack-propagation data (single-tooth fatigue tester); and torque, angular speed, vibration, temperature, and crack-propagation (gear-on-gear dynamometer-based tester). The main outcome of the study will be a database with raw data, accompanying computed condition indicators (CIs), and photographs. In addition, the developed tools for processing the data, viewing the data, and modifying the data in the database will also be included, with associated documentation. The current effort is a continuation of the work that was performed under Award No. W911NF- 09-2-0002. The prior work included development of fixtures, the first version of the algorithms, methods, and procedures for crack initiation and crack propagation, and preliminary database design.
- Published
- 2013
212. Adaptations du geste du rameur expert à l'augmentation de la cadence sur ergomètre
- Author
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Decoufour, Nicolas, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 (LAMIH), Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Université de valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis, Franck Barbier, and Philippe Gorce
- Subjects
Rameurs ,Performance (sports) ,Rowing - Training ,[SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph] ,Dynamometers ,Rowers ,Dynamomètres ,Aviron -- Entraînement - Abstract
Stroke rate is a criterion of performance in rowing. This one must range between 32 and 40 strokes per minute to hope to belong to the medal-holders. However, most of the times, training sessions are realized on rowing ergometer, the best simulation tool, where stroke-rate hardly exceeds 20 strokes per minute which is too low. Therefore, wouldn’t it better to train on rowing ergometer at higher cadence? To answer precisely this question, the performance indicators, and more particularly the technical ones are required. The hypothesis is that technical performance indicators would be good if it’s advantageous, from a technical viewpoint, to row at a high stroke rate on rowing ergometer. The implemented methodology is gradual and uses temporal and space-time indicators of the rower gesture to calculate net joint torques at the elbow, trunk and knee using continuous relative phases. Two series of experiments involving highly experienced rowers were carried out for stroke rates ranging from 18 to 40 strokes per minute. Kinematic and dynamic data, necessary to the calculation of the indicators, were collected and processed. The results show that rowing at high stroke-rate is rather harmful. Nevertheless, they indicate that using extroceptive feedback would change our conclusions and therefore promote training at high stroke-rate on rowing ergometer.; La cadence est un critère de performance en aviron. Celle-ci doit être comprise entre 32 et 40 coups.min-1 pour espérer faire partie des médaillés. Pourtant aujourd’hui encore l’entraînement sur ergomètre, l’outil de simulation du geste du rameur par excellence, se réalise le plus souvent à basse cadence, où les 20 coups.min-1 ne sont que très rarement dépassés. Dans ces conditions, ne serait-il pas un bien de s’entraîner à haute cadence sur ergomètre ? Pour apporter une réponse précise à cette problématique, les indicateurs de la performance, et plus particulièrement les indicateurs techniques de la performance sont recherchés. L’hypothèse retenue est que si il est avantageux, d’un point de vu technique, de ramer à haute cadence sur ergomètre alors les indicateurs techniques de la performance devraient être bons. La méthodologie mise en œuvre est graduelle et retient des indicateurs temporelles et spatio-temporelle du geste du rameur jusqu’aux couples inter-segmentaires, en passant par les phases relatives continues calculés pour les articulations du coude, du tronc et du genou. Deux séries d’expérimentations impliquant des rameurs experts français ont été réalisées pour des cadences variant de 18 à 40 cpm.mn-1. Les données cinématiques et dynamiques nécessaires au calcul des indicateurs ont été recueillies et traitées. Les résultats, de manière générale, permettent de conclure que les entraînements à haute cadence sont plutôt néfastes aux rameurs experts. Néanmoins, ils conduisent à des pistes qui pourraient permettre après l’ajout d’un feedback extéroceptif d’inverser nos conclusions et donc de promouvoir finalement l’entraînement à haute cadence sur ergomètre.
- Published
- 2010
213. Training of expert rowers at high stroke rates on ergometer
- Author
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Decoufour, Nicolas, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 (LAMIH), Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Université de valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis, Franck Barbier, and Philippe Gorce
- Subjects
Rameurs ,Performance (sports) ,Rowing - Training ,[SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph] ,Dynamometers ,Rowers ,Dynamomètres ,Aviron -- Entraînement - Abstract
Stroke rate is a criterion of performance in rowing. This one must range between 32 and 40 strokes per minute to hope to belong to the medal-holders. However, most of the times, training sessions are realized on rowing ergometer, the best simulation tool, where stroke-rate hardly exceeds 20 strokes per minute which is too low. Therefore, wouldn’t it better to train on rowing ergometer at higher cadence? To answer precisely this question, the performance indicators, and more particularly the technical ones are required. The hypothesis is that technical performance indicators would be good if it’s advantageous, from a technical viewpoint, to row at a high stroke rate on rowing ergometer. The implemented methodology is gradual and uses temporal and space-time indicators of the rower gesture to calculate net joint torques at the elbow, trunk and knee using continuous relative phases. Two series of experiments involving highly experienced rowers were carried out for stroke rates ranging from 18 to 40 strokes per minute. Kinematic and dynamic data, necessary to the calculation of the indicators, were collected and processed. The results show that rowing at high stroke-rate is rather harmful. Nevertheless, they indicate that using extroceptive feedback would change our conclusions and therefore promote training at high stroke-rate on rowing ergometer.; La cadence est un critère de performance en aviron. Celle-ci doit être comprise entre 32 et 40 coups.min-1 pour espérer faire partie des médaillés. Pourtant aujourd’hui encore l’entraînement sur ergomètre, l’outil de simulation du geste du rameur par excellence, se réalise le plus souvent à basse cadence, où les 20 coups.min-1 ne sont que très rarement dépassés. Dans ces conditions, ne serait-il pas un bien de s’entraîner à haute cadence sur ergomètre ? Pour apporter une réponse précise à cette problématique, les indicateurs de la performance, et plus particulièrement les indicateurs techniques de la performance sont recherchés. L’hypothèse retenue est que si il est avantageux, d’un point de vu technique, de ramer à haute cadence sur ergomètre alors les indicateurs techniques de la performance devraient être bons. La méthodologie mise en œuvre est graduelle et retient des indicateurs temporelles et spatio-temporelle du geste du rameur jusqu’aux couples inter-segmentaires, en passant par les phases relatives continues calculés pour les articulations du coude, du tronc et du genou. Deux séries d’expérimentations impliquant des rameurs experts français ont été réalisées pour des cadences variant de 18 à 40 cpm.mn-1. Les données cinématiques et dynamiques nécessaires au calcul des indicateurs ont été recueillies et traitées. Les résultats, de manière générale, permettent de conclure que les entraînements à haute cadence sont plutôt néfastes aux rameurs experts. Néanmoins, ils conduisent à des pistes qui pourraient permettre après l’ajout d’un feedback extéroceptif d’inverser nos conclusions et donc de promouvoir finalement l’entraînement à haute cadence sur ergomètre.
- Published
- 2010
214. Experimental studies on wear in oil-impregnated sintered bearings
- Author
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R. Raman and S.Darius Gnanaraj
- Subjects
Materials science ,Dynamometer ,Dynamometers ,Viscosity ,Wear of materials ,Impregnated oil viscosities ,Oil-impregnated sintered bearings ,Pendulum dynamometers ,Wear tests ,Bearings (machine parts) ,education ,Mechanical engineering ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,engineering.material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,humanities ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Mechanics of Materials ,Materials Chemistry ,engineering ,Bronze ,Composite material - Abstract
This work reports on the wear behaviour of oil-impregnated sintered bronze bearings under different specific loads, speeds, viscosities of impregnated oil, diametral clearances and surface roughnesses of journal. A pendulum dynamometer was used to carry out the wear test. Wear tests were carried out for a period of 100 h. Based on the measurements it was concluded that there was only oil loss and no metal loss in the sintered bearings during running. It was found that the oil loss was more for higher specific loads, higher speeds, lighter impregnating oils and rougher journals. The oil loss was found to be minimum at a clearance of approximately 0.19% of the diameter of the journal.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
215. Multisensor approaches for chatter detection in milling
- Author
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M. Sortino, G. Totis, and Elso Kuljanić
- Subjects
Engineering ,Acoustics and Ultrasonics ,Dynamometer ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Accelerometers, Acoustic emissions, Dynamometers, Frequency domain analysis, Milling (machining) ,Control engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Accelerometer ,Dynamometers ,Identification system ,Acoustic emissions ,Acoustic emission ,Mechanics of Materials ,Robustness (computer science) ,Frequency domain ,Frequency domain analysis ,Torque ,milling ,chatter ,sensors ,Axial force ,Accelerometers ,business ,Milling (machining) - Abstract
The development of a chatter detection system for application in industrial conditions was investigated. Several sensors— rotating dynamometer, accelerometers, acoustic emission and electrical power sensors— were compared to determine which signals are most sensitive to chatter onset. The signal characteristics both in time and frequency domain were condensed into a set of chatter indicators, which were further elaborated by means of statistical basic concepts, in order to obtain a chatter identification system. Single-sensor systems and multisensor systems were compared both in terms of accuracy and robustness against malfunctions. Among single sensor systems, the cutting torque signal proved to be a superior signal for chatter identification. Multisensors systems composed of three or four sensors are the most promising solution for reliable and robust chatter identification. The best results were obtained by the multisensor system composed of the axial force sensor and accelerometers.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
216. Megawatt Scale Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing of a High Speed Generator
- Author
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AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH PROPULSION DIR/POWER DIV/MECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION BRANCH, Yost, Kevin, Langston, James, Steurer, Michael, Schoder, Karl, Hauer, John, Bogdan, Ferenc, Leonard, Isaac, Chiocchio, Tim, Sloderbeck, Michael, Farrell, Andrew, Vaidya, Jay, AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH PROPULSION DIR/POWER DIV/MECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION BRANCH, Yost, Kevin, Langston, James, Steurer, Michael, Schoder, Karl, Hauer, John, Bogdan, Ferenc, Leonard, Isaac, Chiocchio, Tim, Sloderbeck, Michael, Farrell, Andrew, and Vaidya, Jay
- Abstract
A megawatt scale test bed for power hardware-in-the-loop experimentation with high speed generators is described, and selected results from testing of a generator are presented. The test bed includes a dynamometer and high speed gearbox used to deliver up to 5 MW to the mechanical shaft of a generator at speeds of up to 24000 rpm. A rectifier using fast recovery diodes is used to rectify the voltage at the terminals of the machine, and a 2.5 MW bi-directional DC converter is used as a dynamic load for the generator. Both the dynamometer and converter are controlled using a large scale real time simulator, enabling power hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiments to be conducted. Herein, testing is described of a new, prototype high speed generator and its associated voltage regulator using this facility. The generator has been subjected to steady-state loading at power levels above 1 MW, as well as load ramps with rates exceeding 500 kW/s. Challenges involved in the testing, as well as some of the possibilities for future tests with the setup are described., Presented at the American Society of Naval Engineers, (ASNE Day), Arlington, VA, February 9-10, 2012. Sponsored in part by ONR.
- Published
- 2012
217. Development of a Forced Roll Mechanism for Planing Hull Models
- Author
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NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD DEPT OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE OCEAN AND MARINE ENGINEERING, Judge, Carolyn Q, Beaver, William, NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD DEPT OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE OCEAN AND MARINE ENGINEERING, Judge, Carolyn Q, and Beaver, William
- Abstract
A Forced Roll Mechanism was designed and built at the Hydromechanics Laboratory at the United States Naval Academy. The FRM was designed as a dynamometer that forces a planing hull model in roll and measures the resulting roll moment as well as the heave and sway forces. The model is fully restrained in all six degrees of freedom. The dynamometer can be configured to either oscillate the model or hold the model at a fixed roll angle, and measure the forces whether dynamic or static in nature, while allowing different testing conditions in terms of speed, rise and trim. The FRM was bench tested using known forces and moments to ensure accuracy and the measured lift forces for zero roll tests were compared with analytical predictions. Initial testing results show that the added inertia hydrodynamic coefficient depends on roll oscillation frequencies for low frequencies. The rig construction and calibration as well as preliminary results are presented., Presented at the American Society of Naval Engineers, (ASNE Day), Arlington, VA, February 9-10, 2012
- Published
- 2012
218. Influence of the tool edge geometry on specific cutting energy at high-speed cutting
- Author
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Reginaldo Teixeira Coelho, Alessandro Rodrigues, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
- Subjects
Chamfer ,Materials science ,Aerospace Engineering ,Mechanical engineering ,Cutting energy measurements ,Dynamometers ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Machining ,Plasma cutting ,Machining centers ,Hobbing ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Applied Mathematics ,Chip formation ,High-speed cutting ,Tool edge geometry ,General Engineering ,Drilling ,FERRAMENTAS ,Spindle rotation ,Specific cutting energy ,Structural engineering ,Cutting tools ,Grinding ,Automotive Engineering ,Numerical control ,Carbides ,business ,Milling (machining) - Abstract
Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:22:31Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:29:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-36248985259.pdf: 1178246 bytes, checksum: dfc716270ff94e49c7a109546acf3313 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:22:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-01 This paper presents specific cutting energy measurements as a function of the cutting speed and tool cutting edge geometry. The experimental work was carried out on a vertical CNC machining center with 7,500 rpm spindle rotation and 7.5 kW power. Hardened steels ASTM H13 (50 HRC) were machined at conventional cutting speed and high-speed cutting (HSC). TiN coated carbides with seven different geometries of chip breaker were applied on dry tests. A special milling tool holder with only one cutting edge was developed and the machining forces needed to calculate the specific cutting energy were recorded using a piezoelectric 4-component dynamometer. Workpiece roughness and chip formation process were also evaluated. The results showed that the specific cutting energy decreased 15.5% when cutting speed was increased up to 700%. An increase of 1 °in tool chip breaker chamfer angle lead to a reduction in the specific cutting energy about 13.7% and 28.6% when machining at HSC and conventional cutting speed respectively. Furthermore the workpiece roughness values evaluated in all test conditions were very low, closer to those of typical grinding operations (∼0.20 μm). Probable adiabatic shear occurred on chip segmentation at HSC Copyright © 2007 by ABCM. São Paulo State University - UNESP Engineering Faculty of Ilha Solteira, Av. Brasil Centro, 56, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, SP University of São Paulo - USP Engineering School of São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP São Paulo State University - UNESP Engineering Faculty of Ilha Solteira, Av. Brasil Centro, 56, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, SP
- Published
- 2007
219. Use of a vehicle-modelling tool for predicting CO2 emissions in the framework of European regulations for light goods vehicles
- Subjects
analytical framework ,air monitoring ,Dynamometers ,dynamometry ,road transport ,fuel consumption ,traffic emission ,emission control ,Ground vehicles ,European Union ,Highway systems ,Gas emissions ,exhaust gas ,model ,Vehicle modelling tools ,article ,carbon dioxide ,Kyoto Protocol ,modeling ,Advisor ,simulation ,Europe ,priority journal ,validation process ,Machine design ,Road transport CO2 emissions ,carbon emission ,Eurasia ,environmental legislation - Abstract
The reduction of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption from road transportation constitutes an important pillar of the EU commitment for implementing the Kyoto Protocol. Efforts to monitor and limit CO2 emissions from vehicles can effectively be supported by the use of vehicle modelling tools. This paper presents the application of such a tool for predicting CO2 emissions of vehicles under different operating conditions and shows how the results from simulations can be used for supporting policy analysis and design aiming at further reductions of the CO2 emissions. For this purpose, the case of light duty goods (N1 category) vehicle CO2 emissions control measures adopted by the EU is analysed. In order to understand how certain design and operating aspects affect fuel consumption, a number of N1 vehicles were simulated with ADVISOR for various operating conditions and the numerical results were validated against chassis dynamometer tests. The model was then employed for analysing and evaluating the new EU legislative framework that addresses CO2 emissions from this vehicle class. The results of this analysis have shown the weaknesses of the current regulations and revealed new potential in CO2 emissions control. Finally the TREMOVE model was used for simulating a possible scenario for reducing CO2 emissions at fleet level. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Chemicals / CAS: carbon dioxide, 124-38-9, 58561-67-4
- Published
- 2007
220. Reactivation of severely aged commercial three-way catalysts by washing with weak EDTA and oxalic acid solutions
- Author
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Christou, Stavroula Y., Birgersson, H., Efstathiou, Angelos M., and Efstathiou, Angelos M. [0000-0001-8393-8800]
- Subjects
Oxygen storage capacity ,Washing ,Inorganic chemistry ,Oxalic acid ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Volumetric analysis ,Heterogeneous catalysis ,Dynamometers ,Oxygen ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,NOx ,General Environmental Science ,Catalysts ,Acid-washing ,Carboxylic acids ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Extraction (chemistry) ,EDTA ,TWC regeneration ,Sulfur ,Dynamometer test ,chemistry ,Reagent ,Catalyst activity - Abstract
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) which is a well-known reagent for its metal extraction efficiency was studied for the first time towards the improvement of the catalytic activity and oxygen storage and release properties (OSC) of severely aged commercial three-way catalysts (TWC) on a laboratory scale. Optimization of the experimental parameters of EDTA-washing procedure of TWC was carried out by varying the washing time, volumetric flow rate, and temperature of EDTA solution. The EDTA-washing procedure of TWC was compared with that of oxalic acid-washing regarding their efficiency in removing P, Pb, S, Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Mn, all known TWC contaminants that many of them cause severe deterioration of TWC's activity and oxygen storage and release properties. EDTA appears to be significantly efficient in removing Pb, Zn, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Ni metal contaminants and sulfur but not of phosphorus (P). Phosphorus-containing species were found to be efficiently removed from the aged TWCs after oxalic acid washing. All regeneration procedures applied led to a significant partial recovery of catalytic activity of TWC (CO, CxHy and NOx conversions) under real exhaust gas conditions (dynamometer tests) due to the removal of large amounts of contaminants accumulated on the aged TWC. The washing procedures using oxalic acid alone or in combination with EDTA led to more significant improvements of both catalytic and OSC performance compared with those of EDTA washing alone. This was due to the ability of oxalic acid to remove P-containing compounds which appear to be one of the main causes of commercial three-way catalyst deactivation. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 71 3-4 185 198 Cited By :22
- Published
- 2007
221. Implementation of an Open-Loop Rule-Based Control Strategy for a Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System On a Small RPA
- Author
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AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH DEPT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS, Greiser, Collin M., AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH DEPT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS, and Greiser, Collin M.
- Abstract
Currently fielded electric-powered small remotely-piloted aircraft (RPA) lack endurance desired by warfighters, and internal combustion engine (ICE) RPAs generate undesirable acoustic and thermal signatures. Hybrid-electric (HE) propulsion systems would combine both electric power for endurance and ICE power for cruise and climb modes. Use of HE systems would eliminate undesirable signatures in addition to providing considerable fuel savings over time. Five components were used in this HE system: the ICE, electric motor (EM), electromagnetic clutch, battery pack, and a propeller. Control of such a system in a small RPA has never been attempted before. A rulebased controller was developed to manage this HE system in C code. This system and its various sensors were analyzed on a custom-built dynamometer test stand that was developed in conjunction with other students. LabView screens were developed to aid this testing and interface with the sensor suite. The controller's performance over 9 distinct operating modes, including 4 operational flying states, were validated to provide the most optimal operation of a HE-RPA system of about 13.6 kg (30.0 lbf)., The original document contains color images.
- Published
- 2011
222. Měřící ústředna k dynamometru s výstupem na sběrnici CAN
- Author
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Mašek, Zdeněk, Lelek, Tomáš, Mašek, Zdeněk, and Lelek, Tomáš
- Abstract
Bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem, realizací a testováním zařízení určeného pro měření fyzikálních veličin v prostředí válcového dynamometru. Zařízení naměřená data předává nadřazenému systému pomocí průmyslové sběrnice CAN., This bachelor's study focuses on design, realization and equipment testing for measuring physical quantities in roller dynamometer environment. The device transmitting measured data by CAN bus to control system., Katedra elektrotechniky, elektroniky a zabezpečovací techniky v dopravě, Uchazeč objasnil komisi výsledky a závěry své bakalářské práce. Po prezentaci bakalářské práce zodpověděl připomínky vedoucího bakalářské práce. V diskusi o bakalářské práci zodpověděl všechny dotazy členů komise., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou
- Published
- 2011
223. Developing a Knowledge Base for Detection of Powertrain Failures by Reversibly Seeding Engine Faults
- Author
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MIS2000 GLOBAL DEFENSE ELECTRONICS INC SOUTHFIELD MI, Zanini, Margherita, Marko, K, J James, Beck, Christopher S, Tom, K, Stempnik, J, MIS2000 GLOBAL DEFENSE ELECTRONICS INC SOUTHFIELD MI, Zanini, Margherita, Marko, K, J James, Beck, Christopher S, Tom, K, and Stempnik, J
- Abstract
Engine performance is traditionally measured in a dynamometer where engine speed, torque, and fuel consumption measurements can be made very accurately and environmental conditions are well controlled. Durability testing is also carried out in a dynamometer to assess reduction in engine output due to normal aging. However, the symptoms associated with incipient failures are not often studied since it requires either stressing engine components above their recommended limit or exchanging parts of known deviation with normal ones. This work describes a methodology for seeding faults in an engine by electronic means so that they can be reversibly turned on and off in a controlled fashion. The focus is on seeding faults that produce changes in engine output so that comparison between precise measurements done with laboratory instruments may be compared with estimates derived from on-board measurements. Thus, we have relied on a rather broad spectrum of measurement capabilities implemented in the dynamometer in order to acquire comprehensive information on the normal and abnormal behavior of the engine. A variety of engine parameters from the PCM, from add-on sensors and other instrumentation can be recorded and analyzed to detect statistically significant changes induced by the seeded faults. Thus, it is possible to build a knowledge base of measurable symptoms of abnormal behavior and study whether they could also be detected with practical on-board devices for implementing Condition Based Maintenance of powertrain systems., Presented at the 2010 NDIA GROUND VEHICLE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM MODELING & SIMULATION, TESTING AND VALIDATION (MSTV) MINI-SYMPOSIUM AUGUST 17-19 DEARBORN, MICHIGAN.
- Published
- 2010
224. Torque Control of a Separate-Winding Excitation DC Motor for a Dynamometer
- Author
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NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA, Derges, Jonathan R., NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA, and Derges, Jonathan R.
- Abstract
In this thesis, the theory behind a separate-winding excitation direct current (DC) motor and profile of the motor's torque versus rotor speed is studied. The torque versus rotor speed profile results are predictably linear at a given armature voltage. Output torque of a separate-winding excitation DC motor is proportional to the armature current. From this theory, a program was written in Simulink with Xilinx embedded software to enable a user to command the DC motor torque through a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The command is then converted to control armature current through a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to the DC motor. The armature current level is maintained through a programmed Proportional Integral (PI) Controller to keep output torque constant regardless of armature voltage and rotor speed. This result is a way to command constant output torque to a DC motor.
- Published
- 2010
225. Effects on Fuel Consumption and Diesel Engine Deposits from Nano-Particle Oil Additive
- Author
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SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX TARDEC FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY, Warden, Robert W., Frame, Edwin A., Comfort, Allen S., SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX TARDEC FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY, Warden, Robert W., Frame, Edwin A., and Comfort, Allen S.
- Abstract
This project evaluated the effects of a nano-particle additive when blended with MIL-PRF-46167D OEA-30 Arctic Oil as a baseline fluid. Baseline and additized oil were tested for CAT 1K/1N deposits, in-vehicle and dynamometer fuel economy, and lab tests for physical properties and wear metals. Results from the CAT 1K/1N test showed a positive impact on deposits when using the nano-particle additive. Results for both the in-vehicle and dynamometer fuel consumption testing did not indicate that there was a change in fuel consumption either when using the nano-particle additive, or from carry-over effects after changing back to MIL-PRF-46167D oil. High Temperature Benchtop Corrosion Testing produced results showing an increase in wear metal concentration, and copper corrosion appearance when utilizing the nano-particle additive.
- Published
- 2010
226. Development of advanced driver assistance systems with vehicle hardware-in-the-loop simulations
- Subjects
Adaptive cruise control ,Advanced driver assistance systems ,Forward collision warning ,Intelligent vehicle highway systems ,Information retrieval systems ,Controller design and validation ,Traffic ,Computer hardware ,Hardware-in-the-loop simulation ,Robotics ,Dynamometers ,Reliability ,Automobile drivers - Abstract
This paper presents a new method for the design and validation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs). With vehicle hardware-in-the-loop (VEHIL) simulations, the development process, and more specifically the validation phase, of intelligent vehicles is carried out safer, cheaper, and is more manageable. In the VEHIL laboratory, a full-scale ADAS-equipped vehicle is set up in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation environment, where a chassis dynamometer is used to emulate the road interaction and robot vehicles to represent other traffic. In this controlled environment, the performance and dependability of an ADAS is tested to great accuracy and reliability. The working principle and the added value of VEHIL are demonstrated with test results of an adaptive cruise control and a forward collision warning system. On the basis of the 'V' diagram, the position of VEHIL in the development process of ADASs is illustrated.
- Published
- 2006
227. Wear Behavior Of Nitrogen Implanted Pvd-Coated Hard Metal Cutting Inserts
- Author
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A. Oztarhan, Elif Malyer, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü., and Malyer, Elif
- Subjects
Engineering drawing ,Materials science ,Nitrogen ,Thin films ,Chemical vapor deposition ,Cutting forcescutting performances ,Dynamometers ,Charge amplifiers ,Flank wear ,Surface modification ,Wear ,Machining ,Ion beam modification ,Materials Chemistry ,Tool wear ,Thin film ,Physics, applied ,Hard metal ,Inserts ,Tool life ,Physics ,Cutting forces ,Metallurgy ,Cutting inserts ,Data acquisition ,Cutting tools ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Tribology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Wear of materials ,Metal cutting ,Ion implantation ,Steel ,Physical vapor deposition ,Plasma Deposition ,Gas Injection ,Ellipsometry ,Materials science, coatings & films - Abstract
Bu çalışma, 21-26 Eylül 2003 tarihinde San Antonio[ABD]'de düzenlenen 13. International Conference on Surface Modification of Materials by Ion Beams'da bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. Tool life can be long and productive, or short and disastrous. Understanding the basic forces in the metal-cutting process that contribute to tool wear or failure will help you use today's tool technologies to ensure that your cutting tools will have a long and productive life [CNC Mach. 5 (2001)]. Thin films, deposited by plasma vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD), are commonly used techniques to ensure long tool life on cutting inserts and tools as compared with ion implantation. This paper compares the wear behavior of PVD TiCN-coated cutting inserts with the nitrogen ion implanted PVD TiCN-coated ones. These inserts are used in dry turning of steel AISI-SAE 1050 under three different cutting speeds. Cutting forces are measured during cutting by using a piezoelectric dynamometer, charge amplifiers and a PC-based data acquisition system. Results of the turning tests are discussed in terms of tool life, flank wear and cutting forces. SW Res Inst
- Published
- 2005
228. Characterization of Off-Road Diesel Emissions of Criteria Pollutants
- Author
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DESERT RESEARCH INST RENO NV DIVISION OF EARTH AND ECOSYSTEM SCIENCES, Watson, John G., Moosmuller, Hans, Kuhns, Hampden D., Chow, Judith C., Chang, Oliver, Nussbaum, Nicholas, Mazzoleni, Claudio, Zhu, Dongzi, Barber, Peter W., Miller, J. W., Cocker, David R., Kemme, Michael R., DESERT RESEARCH INST RENO NV DIVISION OF EARTH AND ECOSYSTEM SCIENCES, Watson, John G., Moosmuller, Hans, Kuhns, Hampden D., Chow, Judith C., Chang, Oliver, Nussbaum, Nicholas, Mazzoleni, Claudio, Zhu, Dongzi, Barber, Peter W., Miller, J. W., Cocker, David R., and Kemme, Michael R.
- Abstract
The goal of this project is to identify and fill knowledge gaps concerning emission testing methods, emission factors and rates, and activities that create emissions for non-road military diesel engines. This requires the development of new measurement methods that quantify a larger number of chemical compounds and particle sizes, at concentration levels much less than the certification requirements, and for fuels and operating cycles that are not well represented by engine certification tests. Specific project objectives are: 1. Develop, test, and apply new methods for quantifying non-road emissions that more efficiently and realistically represent actual operations than engine dynamometer certification tests. 2. Develop source-, activity-, and fuel-specific emission rate estimates for representative Department of Defense (DoD) mobile and stationary diesel equipment, most of which is not used on public roadways. Emitted pollutants include carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), volatile organic compounds (VOC), particulate matter (PM, including PM2.5 [particles < 2.5 um aerodynamic diameter], and ultrafine particles [UP, particles less than 0.1 um aerodynamic diameter]), sulfur dioxide, (SO2), and ammonia (NH3). Chemical source profiles for PM2.5 are also quantified. 3. Determine how non-road emissions can be integrated with emissions modeling databases and software that estimate total diesel emissions., The original document contains color images.
- Published
- 2008
229. Update on the U.S. Army TARDEC Power and Energy P&E SIL Program: Progress since the 6th AECV (June 2005 to Present)
- Author
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ARMY TANK-AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI, Saxon, Nancy, Danielson, Eugene, Frazier, George, ARMY TANK-AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI, Saxon, Nancy, Danielson, Eugene, and Frazier, George
- Abstract
The TARDEC Power and Energy (P&E) Program is described. The program continues to develop subsystems and full-scale systems, and to model and simulate performance for electric combat vehicles. The program began in 1997 as the Combat Hybrid Power System Program (CHPS) and continues today as the TARDEC P&E System Integration Laboratory (P&E SIL). The original goal to develop and test a full-scale, hybrid electric power system has not changed. To achieve that goal, the program developed a 100 percent hardware-in-the-loop P&E SIL and a sophisticated computational capability for modeling, simulation, and virtual prototyping. Progress updates in two basic focus areas are presented: 1) System Integration Laboratory; 2) Modeling, Simulation and Controls. Of special interest are two major P&E SIL upgrades since the last AECV in 2005 - a pair of 800 kW AC dynamometers have been installed; and a Hybrid Electric Reconfigurable Moveable Integration Testbed (HERMIT) has been built and installed. This paper briefly summarizes progress in all areas and, where relevant, mentions contributions to the Future Combat System (FCS) and other programs. The paper includes a summary of experimental accomplishments, an overview of HERMIT and its characteristics, and concepts for future work., Prepared in collaboration with Science Applications International Corporation, Emeryville, CA. Presented at the All Electric Combat Vehicle Conference (AECV), Stockholm, Sweden, 11-13 Jun 2007.
- Published
- 2007
230. Influence of Diesel Fuel Sulfur on Nanoparticle Emissions From City Buses
- Author
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Ristovski, Zoran, Jayaratne, Rohan, Lim, Mckenzie, Ayoko, Godwin, Morawska, Lidia, Ristovski, Zoran, Jayaratne, Rohan, Lim, Mckenzie, Ayoko, Godwin, and Morawska, Lidia
- Abstract
Particle emissions from twelve buses, aged 1 to 19 years, operating alternatively on low sulphur (LS; 500 ppm) and ultra-low sulphur (ULS; 50 ppm) diesel fuel were monitored at four steady-state operating modes on a chassis dynamometer. The mean particle number emission rate using ULS diesel was lower than the rate using LS diesel in each of the four modes. The fractional reduction was highest in the newest buses and decreased with mileage up to about 500,000 km, at which stage a bus was about 8 years old. No further decrease was apparent as the mileage increased thereafter. However, the mean total suspended particle (TSP) mass emission rate did not show a systematic difference between the two fuel types. When the fuel was changed from LS to ULS diesel, the reduction in particle number was mainly in the nanoparticle size range, with occurrences of the nuclei mode being significantly restricted. Overall, 58% of the particles were smaller than 50 nm with LS fuel as opposed to just 45% with ULS fuel, suggesting that sulphur in diesel fuel was playing a major role in the formation of nanoparticles. The greatest influence of the fuel sulphur level was observed at the highest engine load, where 74% of the particles were smaller than 50 nm with LS diesel compared to 43% with ULS diesel.
- Published
- 2006
231. Procedure for full-scale testing of industrial oils for slider guides
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Zharkov, M
- Published
- 1984
232. User plight: which motor most efficient
- Author
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Schneidawind, J
- Published
- 1978
233. On-line emission system testing
- Published
- 1976
234. Designing a variable-stroke engine
- Published
- 1977
235. SAE issues urgently needed fuel economy test
- Published
- 1974
236. Acceleration and weight of extended bodies in the theory of relativity. [Doppler effect relation]
- Author
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Gron, O
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
237. Hydrogen-supplemented fuel may cut NOx
- Published
- 1976
238. HP41C/CV program computes torque factors for any rod pumping unit to spot problems early
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Rdissi, A
- Published
- 1984
239. Grinding forces and energy
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Shaw, M
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
240. Adhesion strength of indium to glass and a method of measurement of it
- Author
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Magomedov, A
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
241. Hybrid vehicle for fuel economy
- Published
- 1976
242. Performance of PtAl/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts in automobile engine exhaust with oscillatory airfuel ratio
- Author
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Cho, B
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
243. Influence of simulated microgravity on human skeletal muscle architecture and function
- Author
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Neil Reeves, Maganaris, C. N., Ferretti, G., and Narici, M. V.
- Subjects
Gastrocnemius medialis ,Statistical methods ,Ultrasonic imaging ,Exercise countermeasures ,Maximum voluntary contraction ,Gravitational effects ,Aerospace Engineering ,Muscle ,Computer simulation ,Dynamometers ,Ultrasonic imaging, Exercise countermeasures ,Isometric contraction ,Maximum voluntary contraction, Muscle - Published
- 2002
244. Selective catalytic reaction of hydrogen with nitric oxide in the presence of oxygen
- Author
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Weaver, E
- Published
- 1971
245. MEASUREMENT OF THE FORCES APPLIED BY A MAGNETIC FIELD UPON A SUPERCONDUCTOR
- Author
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Prin, J
- Published
- 1964
246. Performance of Propeller 4381 in Crashback
- Author
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NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK DIV BETHESDA MD HYDROMECHANICS DIRECTORATE, Chesnakas, Christopher J., Donnelly, Martin J., Fry, David J., Jessup, Stuart D., Park, Joel T., NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK DIV BETHESDA MD HYDROMECHANICS DIRECTORATE, Chesnakas, Christopher J., Donnelly, Martin J., Fry, David J., Jessup, Stuart D., and Park, Joel T.
- Abstract
Propeller operation in crashback is technically very challenging, both computationally and experimentally. Propeller 4381 was evaluated experimentally in Carderock's 36-inch (0.91 m) water tunnel. Propeller 4381 was operated in the ahead condition for comparison. Details of the flow field were measured with 3-component laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and 2-component particle imaging velocimetry (PIV). Propulsion performance was measured with thrust and torque transducers. Cavitation was documented photographically with a strobe light, and flow visualization was conducted with a vertical laser light sheet for observation of the recirculation region of the propeller in crashback. Results showed that highly random cavitation occurred on the propeller in crashback on the downstream side at the leading edge, which is the trailing edge for ahead. A highly unstable recirculation zone occurred with a ring vortex near the propeller tip. The maximum variation in thrust and torque as computed from the standard deviation relative to the mean load with a value of 0.25 occurred at an advance ratio of J = -0.5. The high variation in loads appeared to correlate with the maximum total kinetic energy relative to tunnel velocity in the flow at the blade tip, which was measured by LDV as 1.5. These results indicate that vibration and wear may be reduced by minimizing operation near J = - 0.5 for this propeller., The original document contains color images.
- Published
- 2004
247. Performance of CBN tools in the machining of titanium alloys
- Author
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R Krishnamurthy and Z.A Zoya
- Subjects
Specific cutting pressure ,Materials science ,Widmanstatten structure ,Performance ,Surface finish ,Cubic boron nitride ,Force measurement ,Dynamometers ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Machining ,Metallographic microstructure ,Cutting force ,Titanium alloys ,Chip strain ,Aerospace ,Pressure measurement ,Pyrometers ,Cutting temperature ,Stabilizers (agents) ,business.industry ,Tool life ,Metallurgy ,Fractography ,Metals and Alloys ,Scale development ,Titanium alloy ,Diffusion wear ,Computer Science Applications ,Wear of materials ,Modeling and Simulation ,Ceramics and Composites ,business ,Milling (machining) ,Scanning electron microscopy - Abstract
Advancements in the aerospace, nuclear and other industries require the enhanced in-service performance of engineering components. These requirements have resulted in the large scale development and use of heat-resistant and high-strength materials such as titanium alloys, which pose considerable machining problems. In this study on machining of titanium alloy using CBN tools, the machining performance was evaluated in terms of cutting force, specific cutting pressure, cutting temperature, chip strain and surface finish.
- Published
- 2000
248. An Acoustic Procedure for Measuring Blade-Frequency Forces Generated by Model Ship Propellers
- Author
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NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK DIV BETHESDA MD, Strasberg, M., NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK DIV BETHESDA MD, and Strasberg, M.
- Abstract
An acoustic procedure is described for measuring the blade-frequency fluctuating forces developed by a powerful model propeller operating behind a model of a ship's hull or a wake generator in the anechoic test section of a wind tunnel. The sound pressure radiated by the propeller in a given direction is measured and its magnitude inserted into a simple theoretical relation to determine the alternating force developed by the propeller in that direction. Although the procedure was developed years ago, the details and limitations have not previously been described in the literature. Restrictions are discussed on the size of the propeller, location of the measurement point, measurement frequency, and the wind speed. Measurements determining the validity of the procedure are described, including comparisons of the magnitude of forces determined by this acoustic procedure with direct measurements made with a force dynamometer in a water tunnel.
- Published
- 2002
249. SFTP Cycle Contributions to Light-Duty Diesel Exhaust Emissions
- Author
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SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TXTARDEC FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY, Frame, Edwin A., Whitney, Kevin A., SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TXTARDEC FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY, Frame, Edwin A., and Whitney, Kevin A.
- Abstract
U.S. light-duty diesel exhaust emissions are determined for a given vehicle following the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP). The SFTP consists of three test cycles: the chassis dynamometer portion of the FTP-75, US06 aggressive driving cycle, and SC03 air conditioning cycle. The objective of this investigation was to determine the relative contribution of each individual test cycle to each measured exhaust emission. Based on the exhaust emissions data from the light-duty diesel powered vehicle used in this project, the following conclusions are made: While the SC03 air conditioning cycle is weighted at 37%, only 21% of the total PM emissions come from the SC03 cycle; 36% of the total NO(x) emissions are derived from this cycle. The relative importance of the SC03 contribution to total exhaust emissions can be illustrated by calculating the weighted emissions with and without the SC03 cycle. If only the FTP and US06 are considered (non air-conditioned vehicle) the total weighted NO(x) is 17% less than when the SC03 is included., X Sep 2001 to x Dec 2001, "The original document contains color images"
- Published
- 2002
250. Computer-Based Clinical Instrumentation for Processing and Analysis of Mechanically Evoked Electromyographic Signals in the Upper Limb
- Author
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FLINDERS UNIV OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA ADELAIDE SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS AND ENGINEERING, Nazeran, Homer, Jaberzadeh, Shapour, Bidhendi, Essie, FLINDERS UNIV OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA ADELAIDE SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS AND ENGINEERING, Nazeran, Homer, Jaberzadeh, Shapour, and Bidhendi, Essie
- Abstract
A computer-based clinical instrument was developed to simultaneously acquire, process, display, quantify and correlate electromyographic (EMG) activity, resistive torque, range of motion (ROM), and pain responses evoked by mechanical stimuli (i.e. passive elbow extensions) in humans. This integrated multichannel system was designed around AMLAB analog modules and software objects called ICAMs. Each channel consisted of a time- and frequency-domain block, a torque and angle measurement block, an experiment number counter block and a data storage and retrieval block. The captured data in each channel was used to display and quantify: raw EMG, rectified EMG, smoothed rectified EMG, root-mean-squared EMG, fast Fourier transformed (FFT) EMG, and normalized power spectrum density (NPSD) of EMG. Torque and angle signals representing elbow extension measured by a KIN-COM dynamometer during neural tension testing, as well as signals from an electronic pain threshold marker were interfaced to an AMLAB workstation and presented in one integrated display. Calibration was achieved by using low-level square and sine waves. Weight compensation was implemented by developing a special interface between the AMLAB and the KIN-COM dynamometer. Although this system was designed to specifically study the patterns and nature of evoked motor responses in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) patients, it could equally well be modified to allow acquisition, processing and analysis of EMG signals in other studies and applications. In this paper, we describe an integrated system to simultaneously study and analyze the mechanically evoked electromyographic, torque and ROM signals and correlate various levels of pain to these signals., Papers from 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Oct 25-28, 2001, held in Istanbul, Turkey. See also ADM001351 for entire conference on cd-rom, The original document contains color images.
- Published
- 2001
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