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The return of austerity has provoked social conflict, political controversy and academic disputes. In this article we explore some of these through the metaphor of an ‘alchemy of austerity’ that forms the foundation for strategies of state retrenchment through which the consent of populations is sought. We begin, in ‘Magical thinking’, by tracing some of the discursive repertoires that circulate in analyses of austerity, showing something of its significance as a key term being mobilized in different international and national political discourses. We then go on to explore political strategies, with a particular focus on the UK in ‘Sharing the pain’. However, we suggest that such a focus offers a limited conception of politics that fails to illuminate the contradictory field of political forces put into motion by austerity strategies. This field of forces, we go on to argue, crystallizes around the problem of securing consent. In ‘Austerity and the problem of consent’ we examine this further, pointing to the proliferation of different forms of dissent and their relationship to austerity measures. We end by tracing shifting articulations of the moral and the economic by revisiting E.P. Thompson’s concept of ‘moral economy’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper we consider the evaluation of the well known [InlineEquation not available: see fulltext.]- network unreliability parameter by means of a new RVR Monte-Carlo method. This method is based on series-parallel reductions and a partitioning procedure using pathsets and cutsets for recursively changing the original problem into similar ones on smaller networks. By means of several experimental results, we show that the proposed method has good performances in rare event cases and offers significant gains over other state-of-the-art variance reduction techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theta bodies of a polynomial ideal are a series of semidefinite programming relaxations of the convex hull of the real variety of the ideal. In this paper we construct the theta bodies of the vanishing ideal of cycles in a binary matroid. Applied to cuts in graphs, this yields a new hierarchy of semidefinite programming relaxations of the cut polytope of the graph. If the binary matroid avoids certain minors we can characterize when the first theta body in the hierarchy equals the cycle polytope of the matroid. Specialized to cuts in graphs, this result solves a problem posed by Lovász. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the economic crisis on European countries has led to serious cuts of the defense budgets and a perceived reduction in the EU's ability to provide capabilities required by other allies, especially the US. Cooperation, in the form of pooling and sharing may not be an easy and "ready to use" solution to Europe's defense issues generated by the budget austerity and economic downturn, but it may provide ways to lessen the defense cuts impact on the military capabilities. Nonetheless, the success of the initiative is strongly related to the degree of political and military commitment of the EU countries to put into practice the concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Let be a directed graph with non-negative arc weights. We study the problem of computing certain special co-cycle bases of , in particular, a minimum weight weakly fundamental co-cycle basis. A co-cycle in corresponds to a cut in the underlying undirected graph and a arc incidence vector is associated with each co-cycle, where the coordinates are used for the arcs crossing the cut. The weight of a co-cycle is the sum of the weights of those arcs such that . The vector space over generated by the arc incidence vectors of the co-cycles is the co-cycle space of . The co-cycle space of can also be defined as the orthogonal complement of the cycle space of . A set of linearly independent co-cycles that span the co-cycle space is a co-cycle basis of . The problem of computing a co-cycle basis such that the sum of weights of the co-cycles in the basis is the least possible is the minimum co-cycle basis problem. A co-cycle basis is weakly fundamental if for every there is an arc such that while for . The minimum cycle basis problem in directed and undirected graphs is a well-studied problem and while polynomial time algorithms are known for these problems, the problem of computing a minimum weight weakly fundamental cycle basis has recently been shown to be APX-hard. We show that the co-cycle basis corresponding to the cuts of a Gomory–Hu tree of the underlying undirected graph of is a minimum weight weakly fundamental co-cycle basis of . This is, in fact, a minimum co-cycle basis of and it is also totally unimodular. Thus this is a special co-cycle basis that simultaneously answers several questions in the domain of co-cycle bases. It is known that there is no such special cycle basis for general graphs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Questioning the 'new age of austerity' relies on an (implicit) understanding of a previous era where something other than 'cuts' were occurring. During the early part of the 21st century in the United Kingdom, not only did lesbians and gay men gain significant rights including equalities in the provision of goods and services, civil partnerships and so on, by the end of the New Labour era in 2010, 'transsexual' had become a legally 'protected characteristic' under the Equalities Act.1 Yet these new legislative gains were not uniformly experienced, practiced and deployed. This paper explores the ways in which initiatives played out 'on the ground', engaging with the possibilities, as well as the problems, of new equalities landscapes. Using the Count Me In Too research (see www.countmeintoo.co.uk), we examine progress in trans 'rights', whilst simultaneously identifying the ongoing harm trans people experienced through gaining these 'rights'. More specifically, we critically appraise 'treatment' pathways and public funding, arguing that whilst these are positive and welcomed, they are also flawed in their implementation, as well as their conceptual basis. Continuing from this, we contend that critical academies/ academics need a spatially informed consideration of 'new normativities', while being wary of forgetting the positives while they are happening, and romanticising them when they are in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How is property geographical? The making of liberal property, I argue, relies upon a topographical logic, premised on the production of bounded, coherent spaces, through which the individuated subjects and objects of property can be rendered legible. Such a spatialization helps sustain the territorialization of property, in which the government of space becomes a means for the enactment of property. The production of such spaces requires conscious ‘cuts’ in the processual networks through which social spaces are produced. As such, property should be seen as a conditional achievement, ever threatened by unwanted relationality and boundary crossing. I draw from Kate Grenville’s novel The Secret River to explore property’s spaces, and their ambivalent ethical and practical work. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An experiment was conducted with a total of 54 animals, corresponding to three categories (cows, oxen, and bulls), to study the value of the carcass hindquarters as to the cuts of highest economic value and beef yield. Analyses of variance were performed, according to one-way classification model, comparing the effects of the category (ox, bull and cow) for each valuable cut (in both hindquarters). The cuts of higher value were expressed according to each category, with the two hindquarters, and with each one of them, right and left. The hindquarters, right and left, from 54 animals (17 oxen, 15 cows, and 22 bulls), slaughtered in the period February-August in 2007, were collected and weighed in the processing plant. The hindquarter weight and the slaughtered animal category were recorded. The deboning of the hindquarters was carried out, and the outcomes of the weighing of the most valuable ones were recorded: eye round, inside round, knuckle, tenderloin, shortloin, round flat, and the sum of all of them, including the control of the right and left meat pieces. The results indicated highly significant differences (P < 0.001) between the cow category and the rest, for all the rear muscles. There were only differences between bulls and oxen, specifically in the muscles of the inside round and the palomilla steak. This showed better cuttability of the beef from the bulls as compared with the rest. There was not dimorphism between the animal categories. However, the highest differences were in the eye round, suggesting to improve the extraction by the butchers. It was concluded that the factors animal category, deboning quality, and loss in freezer are essential to attain higher beef yield. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency in the production of meat feeds, it is necessary the qualification of the hindquarter in the process of beef production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers an analysis on the distributional effects of the public spending cuts in Great Britain in 2010. It says that cuts to higher and further education, which amount to 27%, and to social care and social housing, which total 24% and 20%, respectively, have more cash impact on poorer households. However, it states that the cuts on transport spending have more effect on richer households. Moreover, it suggests that poorer households lose 30% of services equal to their average income.

This article considers the effects of UK government cuts across the housing, care and support sector on vulnerable people. The article urges that the human and financial costs of savings are fully considered, as these could outweigh the short-term financial savings. The article also sets out what the National Housing Federation is doing to urge the government to consider the impact of the cuts on vulnerable people in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With challenging budget cuts ahead, this article looks back to the origins of civil legal aid and the long development of services that have advised and represented on social welfare law. It also considers recent attempts to join up services and the legacy inherited by the new coalition government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several important decisions that must be made when implementing taxometric procedures such as mean above minus below a cut (MAMBAC), maximum covariance (MAXCOV), and maximum eigenvalue (MAXEIG). A Monte Carlo study was performed with 10,000 (5,000 categorical, 5,000 dimensional) samples to examine 5 ways to locate the first and last MAMBAC cuts and 24 ways to perform MAXCOV and MAXEIG. For MAMBAC, there was little difference across conditions, with slightly more accurate results obtained when a small, fixed number of cases (n = 10 or 25) as located beyond the most extreme cuts. For MAXCOV and MAXEIG, the results were more palpable: MAXCOV slightly outperformed MAXEIG, windows achieved significantly better results than intervals, and a larger number of cases per subsample were associated with more accurate results. Alcohol misuse data obtained from a group of male prisoners were used to illustrate relationships observed in the Monte Carlo study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural linear programming formulation of the maximum s- t-flow problem in path variables has a dual linear program whose underlying polyhedron is the dominant $${{\ensuremath{P_{s-t-{\rm cut}}}^{\uparrow}}}$$ of the s- t-cut polytope. We present a complete characterization of $${{\ensuremath{P_{s-t-{\rm cut}}}^{\uparrow}}}$$ with respect to vertices, facets, and adjacency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a reflection on how the massacred body has been configured as an emblematic image, in which both victims and killers' bodies are inscribed in an ethical regime of actions and practices with important implications of political order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School nurses can manage most minor cuts, scrapes and puncture wounds. However, the amount of bleeding is a poor guide to severity. Because an everyday injury occasionally hides serious damage, such as internal bleeding, nurses should take even seemingly minor cuts and scrapes seriously. In addition to acute wound care, knowing when to refer to accident and emergency services and GP practices, as well as advising parents and older children are essential elements of management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are d-dimensional zonotopes with n zones for which a 2-dimensional central section has Ω( n d−1) vertices. For d=3, this was known, with examples provided by the “Ukrainian easter eggs” by Eppstein et al. Our result is asymptotically optimal for all fixed d≥2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Logical relations occur frequently in integer programming problems and are modelled by introducing binary variables in association with linear expressions. Applications requiring constraints involving precedence, exclusion, implication and other conditions give rise to the logical relations OR and IMPLIES in the models. These relations will be considered in this paper from a modelling point of view and formulations investigated for situations where the logical variables link sets of integer variables. Valid inequalities (cuts) that can be added to a model will be developed for a number of the formulations and the computational benefits of these cuts will be considered from an experimental point of view by considering the performance of sets of problem instances. New formulations and combinations of older established formulations will be considered. It will be contended that tight formulations may not always be the most successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The gradient theory of inhomogeneous fluid is for the first time used to study the fluid–fluid interfaces of real petroleum mixtures (gas condensate and oils) at reservoir conditions. The theory is combined with the volume-corrected Peng–Robinson equation of state which allows a good description of the vapour–liquid equilibria of these mixtures. First, it is demonstrated that a correlation that was derived previously to compute the influence parameters of pure hydrocarbons can be also used to obtain the influence parameters of cuts and pseudocompounds present in the petroleum fluids. It turns out that the gradient theory allows estimates of the surface tension in excellent agreement with the experimental data. In any case, it is found to be much more superior to the traditional parachor method that systematically underestimates the surface tension of these mixtures. Furthermore, unlike the parachor method, the gradient theory proves to be nearly insensitive to the compositional description of the fluid provided that the number of pseudocompounds is not too small (N >5). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Given a poset P = (X, ≺), a partition Xl…Xκ of X is called an ordered partition of P if, whenever x ϵ Xi and y ϵ Xj with x ≺ y, then i ≤ j. In this paper, we show that for every poset P = (X, ≺) and every integer κ ≥ 2, there exists an ordered partition of P into κ parts such that the total number of comparable pairs within the parts is at most (m - 1)/κ, where m ≥ 1 is the total number of edges in the comparability graph of P. We show that this bound is best possible for κ = 2, but we give an improved bound, m/κ - c(κ)√m, for κ ≥ 3, where c(κ) is a constant depending only on κ. We also show that, given a poset P = (X, ≺) and an integer 2 ≤ κ ≤ ∣X∣, we can find an ordered partition of P into κ parts that minimises the total number of comparable pairs within parts in time polynomial in the size of P. We prove more general, weighted versions of these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It is important for the meat industry, including pig farmers and breeding companies, to know the composition of the carcass including the proportions of the different commercial cuts when making decisions on the type of pigs to be produced and marketed. Carcass composition is influenced significantly by the genotype of the animals. The aim of this work was to characterise carcasses from five different pig genotypes, by means of the quantification and comparison of their physical composition. Carcasses from 500 gilts from five different genetic types were studied. These lines were based on the following breeds: Large White, Landrace, Duroc, Piétrain and a Meishan synthetic population developed from a cross with a Large White based line. Measurements were taken in the carcasses directly with a ruler and with the Fat-O-Meat’er. The carcasses were cut following the European reference method and the four main joints were dissected. Carcasses from the Piétrain based line, which was halothane negative, presented the highest killing-out (83.34%) and were the shortest (81.81cm). The Piétrain based line was also the leanest and the Meishan based line the fattest. The highest proportion of ham (270.9g/kg) and the lowest proportion of belly (97.97g/kg) were found in the Piétrain line. The proportion of lean in all of the dissected cuts was higher in carcasses from this line while the Meishan line presented the highest proportions of intermuscular fat in all of the pieces. Carcasses came from the Piétrain line received the highest conformation scores and they were leaner and with better ham yield. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: India has a rich tradition of plant-based knowledge on healthcare. A large number of plants/plant extracts/decoctions or pastes are equally used by tribals and folklore traditions in India for treatment of cuts, wounds, and burns. The present review thus attempts to analyze the ethnobotanical knowledge base for treatment of cuts and wounds which includes a usage of plants, methods employed by tribals and folklore practices prevailing in India. Pharmacological reports available on Indian medicinal plants employing various wound healing models and its underlying molecular mechanism, wherever available, has also been briefly reviewed. This pharmacological validation on Indian medicinal plants is very limited and a large number of plants used in tribal and folklore with enormous potential have not been validated for their wound healing activity. This review therefore attempts to bridge the lacunae in the existing literature and offers immense scope for researchers engaged in validation of the traditional claims and development of safe and effective and globally accepted herbal drugs for cuts and wounds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article investigates complexity and approximability properties of combinatorial optimization problems yielded by the notion of Shared Risk Resource Group (SRRG). SRRG has been introduced in order to capture network survivability issues where a failure may break a whole set of resources, and has been formalized as colored graphs, where a set of resources is represented by a set of edges with same color. We consider here the analogous of classical problems such as determining paths or cuts with the minimum numbers of colors or color disjoint paths. These optimization problems are much more difficult than their counterparts in classical graph theory. In particular standard relationship such as the Max Flow - Min Cut equality do not hold any longer. In this article we identify cases where these problems are polynomial, for example when the edges of a given color form a connected subgraph, and otherwise give hardness and non approximability results for these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note a new solution of problem of Synthesis of fuzzy sets is presented. In other words, necessary and sufficient conditions are formulated, under which for a given family of subsets of a set X and a fixed complete lattice L there is a fuzzy set , such that the collection of cuts of coincides with . Moreover, it is proved that the general form of lattice-valued fuzzy sets (considering families of cuts) are the type of fuzzy sets having the codomain for a suitable chosen cardinal c. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Patties and sausage batters were made from trimmed brisket, chuck, striploin, hindshank, silverside, thick flank and rib trim from grass-fed Friesian cows. Functionality of each meat cut was determined from cook yield and true stress and strain of cooked sausage batters and cook yield, dimensional changes and peak force of cooked patties. Colour of raw and cooked slices from the meat cuts and cooked batters was evaluated using a colorimeter and a consumer panel. Composition of raw meat from all cuts was similar; chuck and rib trim had higher pH values and were more red than meat from other cuts. Cooked batters from striploin, chuck and hindshank had higher stress and strain values than gels from other cuts. Patties made from thick flank and striploin were the softest and had the highest cook yield. Batters and patties made from meat with higher salt soluble protein content retained more water and fat on cooking, were more cohesive and had higher bind strengths. Manufacturers can use functionality characteristics to select meat for specific products. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We consider the colouring (or homomorphism) order induced by all finite graphs and the existence of a homomorphism between them. This ordering may be seen as a lattice which is far from being complete. In this paper we study bounds and suprema and maximal elements in of some frequently studied classes of graphs (such as bounded degree, degenerated and classes determined by a finite set of forbidden subgraphs). We relate these extrema to cuts of subclasses of (cuts are finite sets which are comparable to every element of the class ). We determine all cuts for classes of degenerated graphs. For classes of bounded degree graphs this seems to be a very difficult problem which is also mirrored by the fact that these classes fail to have a supremum. We note a striking difference between undirected and oriented graphs. This is based on the recent work of C. Tardif and J. Nešetřil. Also minor closed classes are considered and we survey recent results obtained by authors. A bit surprisingly this order setting captures Hadwiger conjecture and suggests some new problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Northern Territory's bilingual education programmes, in which local Australian Aboriginal languages and English were used side by side in a minority of Aboriginal primary schools in remote northern Australia, came into being in 1973 under the broader federal government policy imprimatur of ‘self-determination’ for Indigenous Australians. These programmes enjoyed considerable support from Indigenous Australian communities, until 1998 when the Northern Territory Government passed legislation to axe these programmes. This ran counter to the articulated wishes of the overwhelming majority of Aboriginal community members and Aboriginal school staff in affected communities. The authorities' stated reason for the closure of these programmes was that of the putative ‘poor standards in English literacy’ in bilingual schools, in comparison with English-only Aboriginal schools, although no evidence has ever been proffered to support such a claim. Since the official closure of the programmes, some of the schools that were formerly bilingual have been attempting to ‘go it alone’ to keep their bilingual education programmes operational. This is however a difficult task given that the bilingual education programmes are no longer state-sanctioned. Supporters of the former Indigenous Australian bilingual education programmes perceive the current emphasis on a monolingual curriculum in English in Indigenous primary schools in the Northern Territory schools as a denial of the human rights of significant numbers of Aboriginal children. In this paper the reasons why Indigenous communities wish to retain these programmes are outlined and it is explained that the lack of official support for these programmes is a longterm phenomenon, rather than a recent development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this note we introduce a variational problem with respect to an integrable fuzzy set . The energy functional is maximized over a deleted -algebra. Using the decreasing rearrangement of we prove that the admissible set can be replaced by the more convenient set of cuts of . Finally an special case is considered where the variational problem can be transformed into a one dimensional setting. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We show that the maximal numberK2(n) of splits in a 2-compatiblesplit system on ann-set is exactly 4n- 10, for everyn>3.SinceK2(n) =CF3(n)/2 whereCF3(n) is the maximal number of members in any 3-cross-freecollection of (proper) subsets of ann-set, this gives a definitive answer to a question raised in 1979 by A. Karzanov who asked whetherCF3(n) is, as a function ofn, of typeO(n).Karzanov’s question was answered first by P. Pevzner in 1987 who showedK2(n) = 6n, a result that was improved by T. Fleiner in 1998 who showedK2(n) = 5n.The argument given in the paper below establishes that the even slightly stronger inequalityK2(n) = 4n- 10 holds for everyn>3; the identityK2(n) = 4n- 10 (n>3) then follows in conjunction with a result from a previous paper that impliesK2(n) = 4n- 10. In that paper, it was also mentioned that-in analogy to well known results regarding maximalweakly compatiblesplit systems-2-compatible split systems of maximal cardinality 4n- 10 should be expected to becyclic. Luckily, our approach here permits us also to corroborate this expectation. As a consequence, it is now possible to generate all 2-compatible split systems on ann-set (n>3) that have maximal cardinality 4n- 10 (or, equivalently, all 3-cross-free set systems that have maximal cardinality 8n- 20) in a straight forward, systematic manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medicinal plants used for the treatments of skin diseases and related problems in Northeastern India were reviewed based on the ethnobotanic reports. Of the 275 plant species examined, 224 species have been used for treatment of specific human ailments such as allergies, burns, cuts and wounds, inflammation, leprosy, leucoderma, scabies, smallpox and sexually transmitted diseases. Some of the plant species, including Artemisia nilagirica (CI) Pamp., Calotropis gigantea (L) R. Br., Cannabis sativa L., Cassia alata L., C. fistula L., Centella asiatica L., Cyclea peltata Hk., Datura metal L., Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roam & Schult., Jatropha curcus L., Litsea cubeba Pers., Mimosa pudica L., Plantago major L. and Plumeria acutifolia Ait, are used among a range of ethnic groups for disease treatment [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Consider the polyhedron represented by the dual of the LP formulation of the maximum s-t flow problem. It is well known that the vertices of this polyhedron are integral, and can be viewed as s-t cuts in the given graph. In this paper we show that not all s-t cuts appear as vertices, and we give a characterization. We also characterize pairs of cuts that form edges of this polyhedron. Finally, we show a set of inequalities such that the corresponding polyhedron has as its vertices all s-t cuts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a large variety of disciplines, fundamental studies often straddle in self-referential situations, in need of relativization to language and complementaristic resolution. In such attempts, the languages at play are hardly visible themselves. Only shadows of language, somewhat characteristic of the various disciplines, become visible and tractable. We select two domains, quantum mechanics and cybernetics, for a comparative study of their complementarity concepts with consequence for understandings of observability, describability, and objectivity. In particular, we compare Bohr-Pauli's 'non-detachability of the observer' and von Foerster's aphorisms for objectivity. In quantum mechanics, with its emphasis on experimentability and measurability, Bohr's primary view of complementarity takes the form of a tension between definabihty and measurability. In cybernetics, we have a central interest in inferribility above the more constructive measurability, and the linguistic complementarity takes the form of a tension between describability and interpretability. In quests for a complete quantum mechanical measurement language, we face an interesting situation, that of simulating semantic measurability by syntactic inferribility. It calls for a cybernetic tie, whereby the two processes of assertibility, by measurability and by provability, become united under complementarity. Although semantic and syntactic processes are complementary within the measurement language, they may be unfolded in levels of constructivity, allowing identification of the lowest levels. Namely, identification of the constructivity level of a basic measurement sentence, i.e., a sentence which can be affirmed by a direct measurement (without involving further inferences), with the lowest constructivity level of syntactic provability. We exemplify with an explanation of a recent challenge against Bohr's wave-particle compementarity. Namely, by the so called double-prism experiment of Ghose, Home, and Agarwal. We find the experiment quite interesting, not because of the alleged challenge, but by realizing that its interpretation requires a levelled approach to quantum theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallo et al. [4] recently examined the problem of computing on line a sequence of k maximum flows and minimum cuts in a network of n nodes, where certain edge capacities change between each flow. They showed that for an important class of networks, the k maximum flows and minimum cuts can be computed simply in O(n+kn) total time, provided that the capacity changes are made 'in order.' Using dynamic trees their time bound is O(nm log(n/m)+ km log(n/m)). We show how to reduce the total time, using a simple algorithm, to O(n+ kn) for explicitly computing the k minimum cuts and implicitly representing the k flows. Using dynamic trees our bound is O( nm log(n/m)+ kn log(n/m)). We further reduce the total time to O(n√m) if k is at most O( n). We also apply the ideas from [10] to show that the faster bounds hold even when the capacity changes are not 'in order,' provided we only need the minimum cuts; if the flows are required then the times are respectively O(n+ km) and O(n√m). We illustrate the utility of these results by applying them to the rectilinear layout problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]