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The aim of this paper is to explore how nursing undergraduates perceive a nursing informatics (NI) course. Between 7 and 14 September 2023, a survey was conducted with 51 nursing undergraduates who enrolled in 2021. A structured and open-ended questionnaire was used to explore their perceptions of the course. A total of 90.2% (46/51) of the students completed the survey. Of the respondents, 69.6% (32/46) were unaware of NI, while 30.4% (14/46) were aware of it. Furthermore, 93.5% (43/46) of the respondents supported the introduction of a nursing informatics course. The results of this study will guide the development of NI curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing informatics continuing education course and nurses' perceptions of it. This study investigates the evaluation and satisfaction of 103 nurses who attended the course on 10-11 June 2023. The survey was divided into two parts: the first part focused on the evaluation of teaching and the second part focused on the evaluation of the course. The first part contained 7 structured questions and 1 open-ended question, while the second part contained 11 structured questions. The results show a high level of satisfaction, with the teaching receiving a score of 9.9 out of 10. 95% of the participants were "very satisfied" and 5% were "satisfied". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indian studies on the course and outcome of bipolar disorder (BD) are scarce and their methodologies vary. Nevertheless, differences from Western ones have been noted. Methods: A systematic random sample of 200 patients with BD attending a general hospital psychiatric unit was chosen. They were assessed using the clinician and self-rated versions of the National Institute of Mental Health—Retrospective Life Charts, the lifetime version of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Medication Adherence Questionnaire, the Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale, and the Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale. Results: The mean age of onset of BD was 26 years. About 11%–13% of the illness was spent in acute episodes, mostly in depression (60%). Episode frequency was 0.4–0.6 annually. The first episode was more likely to be manic, and manic episodes outnumbered depressive episodes. The average duration of episodes was 3 months. Depressive episodes were longer and the time spent in depression was greater than mania. Psychotic symptoms (48%), a mania-depression-interval pattern (61%), and recurrent mania (19%) were common while rapid cycling and seasonal patterns were uncommon. Comorbidity (40%), functional impairment (77%), and lifetime nonadherence (58%) were high, whereas lifetime suicide attempts (16%) were low. Stressful life events were very common prior to episodes (80%), particularly early in the illness. Conclusion: This study suggests differences between Indian and Western patients in the demographic profile and the course and outcome of BD. A more benign presentation in the current study including Indian studies is indicated by their later age of presentation and illness onset, higher rates of marriage, education, and employment, a mania predominant course, lower rates of rapid cycling, comorbidity, and suicidal attempts. Factors associated with better outcomes such as longer time to recurrence, Manic Depressive pattern of illness, and low rates of hospitalizations also appear to be commoner in our study and also in other Indian studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In higher education, parks and recreation departments strive to ensure students matriculate with a diverse set of knowledge, skills, abilities, (KSAs) and experiences. Service learning is a highimpact pedagogy that integrates meaningful community service with instruction and reflection to enrich the learning experience(s). While many instructors utilize service-learning, more needs to be known to understand student’s personal and professional growth during and after the experience. Through student reflection interviews, researchers found service-learning to be a valuable pedagogy that has much potential to meet various course goals while nurturing personal and professional student development through the planned experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study aimed to identify the impact of a critical thinking course on the degree of critical thinking skills acquired by University of Petra students through distance learning during the Corona pandemic period. The researcher used the comparative descriptive approach to examine the responses of all students enrolled in the course for the first semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. To achieve objectives of the study, the researcher designed a questionnaire to collect study data which were analyzed using SPSS. Findings of the study showed a high level of critical thinking skills (assumption prediction, interpretation, argument evaluation, deduction, and inferential reasoning) that might be attributed to the critical thinking course. There were statistically significant differences, due to gender, in the degree to which students claimed to possess the skill of predicting assumptions, but none of that was in the basic critical thinking skills which also might be attributed to the college variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies on recovery of psychotic disorders focus on first-episode populations using premorbid and baseline data to predict recovery. However, many patients experience a long duration of illness and many factors are dynamic and change during life. To investigate factors strongest associated with clinical, societal and personal recovery, and recovery change scores in people with a long duration of illness using current data measured at the same assessment. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses with cross-validation were used to identify the correlates of (changes in) clinical (N = 1054), societal (N = 1145) and personal recovery (N = 1187) in people with psychotic disorders. Subsequently, the identified associated factors were included in separate linear regression models, examining the associative strength of the identified variables and overall fit of the models. Better clinical recovery was associated with better societal and personal recovery, experiencing fewer problems with daily functioning and social relations. Participants had a better societal recovery when they were employed, had fewer problems in daily life, less negative symptoms, had a life partner and better clinical recovery. Personal recovery was associated with greater satisfaction with life in general, no depressive mood and increased clinical recovery. Change scores were small with minimal fluctuation and no significant associations with change scores were detected. Recovery domains strongly influence each other in people with a long illness duration of psychosis and should therefore have an equally important focus during treatment. • Current instead of baseline factors of recovery in psychosis were investigated. • Clinical, societal and personal recovery strongly influence each other. • One-year changes in recovery were too small to find predictors. • Stimulating participation of people with long-term psychosis in society is key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While many calls have been made to support the development of women leaders in global health, few resources have been developed and evaluated to meet this goal. We developed and evaluated a one week online short course on the essential skills for women’s leadership in global health, offered in June 2021 to 22 students from 4 countries (Australia, Ethiopia, Thailand, and the United States). The course covered the state of women’s leadership in global health and influencing factors; leadership theories models and frameworks; self-awareness and self-assessments; organizations and enabling environments; communication; and negotiation, and was designed to promote skills via practice, discussion, and debrief. Students rated the course highly and enjoyed the skills-building components, diversity of voices presented throughout the course, and embedded networking opportunities. Future iterations of the course, particularly those held in low-and middle-income countries, should contextualize materials, co-create with local instructors and amplify local voices, and consider incorporating shadowing, coaching, mentorship, and communities of practice.

Background Recent years have shown an increased application of prospective trajectory-oriented approaches to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although women are generally considered at increased PTSD risk, sex and gender differences in PTSD symptom trajectories have not yet been extensively studied. Objective To perform an in-depth investigation of differences in PTSD symptom trajectories across one-year post-trauma between men and women, by interpreting the general trends of trajectories observed in sex-disaggregated samples, and comparing within-trajectory symptom course and prevalence rates. Method We included N = 554 participants (62.5% men, 37.5% women) from a multi-centre prospective cohort of emergency department patients with suspected severe injury. PTSD symptom severity was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-trauma, using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV. Latent growth mixture modelling on longitudinal PTSD symptoms was performed within the sex-disaggregated and whole samples. Bayesian modelling with informative priors was applied for reliable model estimation, considering the imbalanced prevalence of the expected latent trajectories. Results In terms of general trends, the same trajectories were observed for men and women, i.e. resilient, recovery, chronic symptoms and delayed onset. Within-trajectory symptom courses were largely comparable, but resilient women had higher symptoms than resilient men. Sex differences in prevalence rates were observed for the recovery (higher in women) and delayed onset (higher in men) trajectories. Model fit for the sex-disaggregated samples was better than for the whole sample, indicating preferred application of sex-disaggregation. Analyses within the whole sample led to biased estimates of overall and sex-specific trajectory prevalence rates. Conclusions Sex-disaggregated trajectory analyses revealed limited sex differences in PTSD symptom trajectories within one-year post-trauma in terms of general trends, courses and prevalence rates. The observed biased trajectory prevalence rates in the whole sample emphasize the necessity to apply appropriate statistical techniques when conducting sex-sensitive research.

Continuing Professional Development (CPD) has expanded to support increasingly economic and technologically competitive environments, often governed by Adult Learning and Education (ALE) principles. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), however, despite the importance given to CPD, the field of ALE remains underdeveloped. Bearing this in mind, a group of five UAE-based trainers documented the design and implementation of a Communication Skills for Caregivers course using the Interactive Model of Program Planning by Caffarella and Daffron. This article discusses the process followed to contribute to the region’s ALE/CPD design discourse as well as to reflect on the trainers’ practices and provide recommendations and implications for future CPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The FACE-BD cohort is an observational cohort of individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) who benefited from a systematic evaluation with evidence-based treatment recommendations and who were followed-up every year for 3 years in France. The objectives were to describe the lifetime course of BD, associated psychiatric and somatic comorbidities, and cognition profile. This cohort aims to identify clinical/biological signatures of outcomes, trajectories of functioning and transition between clinical stages. This article summarizes 10 years of findings of the FACE-BD cohort.Method& Results: We included 4422 individuals, all having a baseline assessment, among which 61.2% had at least one follow-up visit at either one, two or three years. A subsample of 1200 individuals had at least one biological sample (serum, plasma, DNA). Assessments include family history of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric diagnosis, current mood symptoms, functioning, hospitalizations, suicidal attempts, physical health, routine blood tests, treatment history, psychological dimensions, medico-economic data and a cognitive assessment. Studies from this cohort illustrate that individuals with BD display multiple coexistent psychiatric associated conditions including sleep disturbances, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders and suicide attempts as well as a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. During follow-up, we observed a 55% reduction of the number of days of hospitalization and a significant improvement in functioning.Conclusions: The FACE-BD cohort provides a strong research infrastructure for clinical research in BD and has a unique position among international cohorts because of its comprehensive clinical assessment and sustainable funding from the French Ministry of Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Studies exploring longitudinal reciprocal associations between depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders (DD, AD and SUD, respectively) over long periods of time are mainly lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to test longitudinal associations (i.e. temporal dynamics) between DD, AD and SUD from young adulthood to middle adulthood.Methods: A stratified community sample of 591 participants from the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, was interviewed with the Structured Psychopathological Interview and Rating of the Social Consequences of Psychological Disturbances for Epidemiology over seven interview waves from ages 20/21 to 49/50. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria were used to evaluate the presence of DD, AD and SUD. We fitted an auto-regressive cross-lagged path analysis within a Bayesian structural equation model to test longitudinal associations.Results: Regarding autoregressive effects, AD (except during young adulthood) and SUD predicted themselves over the entire time period, while DD recurrently predicted itself not consistently over time. Regarding cross-lagged effects, DD predicted SUD at different time points, and vice versa. DD predicted subsequent AD in adulthood, whereas the reverse did not happen. Female gender was associated with DD and AD at all ages while male gender was associated with SUD only in young adulthood.Conclusions: Reciprocal longitudinal associations were found between DD and SUD and DD usually preceded AD. Our results further confirm an increased risk of DD and AD in women and a higher risk of SUD in young men. Early treatment and broad psychosocial interventions should be provided in order to prevent chronicity and further maladjustment as well as interrupting the cycle of mutual reinforcement between DD and SUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the epidemiology of COVID-19 is not in doubt, as every day the statistics are updated with new data on the incidence. Students are in distance learning to prevent the spread of infection. The aim of the study – to determine the percentage of medical students who contracted a coronavirus infection during the last academic year, to determine the risk factors and COVID-19 features in an outpatient setting. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted by remote on-line questionnaire, the results were processed according to the general rules of variation statistics. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that 33.3 % of second-third year students relapsed to COVID-19, the maximum number of cases occurred in the fall of 2020 (45.5 %) and in January–February 2021 – 27.2 %; in half of the respondents the disease was mild; 86.4 % – were treated on an outpatient basis; the leading symptoms were fever, loss of smell and taste, headache and general fatigue. In 9.0 % of respondents, laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infection was asymptomatic. Conclusions. The study testifies to the informativeness and safety of this method and allows to assess the level and features of morbidity among medical students. Given the continuation of training in many medical schools in the distance on a mixed mode, the risk of infection during close contact with classmates, we plan to expand and continue such research

Abstract Background Mental health problems (MHP) in children and adolescents (CA) are common. This longitudinal study analyzed the prevalence, course, and persistence of MHP over 10 years from childhood into adolescence based on a sample from the Future Family project (N = 230). Methods At the pre-assessment point the children were on average 5 (SE = 1) and the mothers 35 (SE = 5) years old. Descriptive methods, Chi2-tests, binary logistic regression, and different analytical approaches (number chains, transition probability) were used. Results Approximately 24% of the CA suffered from borderline clinical or clinically relevant MHP. The largest proportion of the sample was stable healthy (70%), whereas 15% of the CA showed chronic mentally ill, 8% transient, 4% negative and 4% positive courses. The mental health of the mother proved to be a decisive predictor for chronic mentally ill courses. Short-term persistence rates ranged between 60 and 70% from one assessment point to the next one. On the other hand, long-term persistence rates (from childhood into adolescence) were lower (51–59%). Conclusion One in seven children in this sample suffered from chronic MHP, while only one third of the CA in Germany with clinically relevant MHP take advantage of psychological or psychiatric care. Prevention programs should be considered as an effective and economic approach to reduce childhood suffering in Germany.

Abstract Background Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an uncommon and lethal side effect of neuroleptics. The clinical expression of this syndrome is diverse. Even with criteria diagnosis, it is hard to recognize it easily. We report a series of 25 cases of NMS among patients hospitalized in psychiatric service at Oujda for 5 years. We have described the clinical characteristics of NMS in these patients, the treatments received, the management, and the course of this syndrome. Results Most of the patients are hospitalized for psychotic or affective disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM V) criteria. 92% of patients received conventional neuroleptic, and half of them were under the injectable form. No patient took long-acting injectable antipsychotics. 36% of patients received neuroleptics for the first time. NMS appeared in the first week after the admission in psychiatric service among 24 patients. The most common clinical and biological signs were muscular rigidity, the elevation of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and alteration of blood pressure. Other symptoms were found in proportion varied between 24% and 72%. 32% of the patients did not develop complications. One patient developed renal failure. All patients recovered, and no deaths were recorded. Conclusions Early recognition of NMS help to rescue patient. It is necessary to detect this syndrome even in the absence of main signs such as fever.

Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate the consequences of introducing online modalities for emergency remote teaching during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, on students' learning satisfaction in the endodontic preclinical course and their performance in the summative examination. Materials and Methods: On completion of the preclinical endodontic course, 39 students were E-mailed an online questionnaire investigating their overall satisfaction with online modalities used for emergency remote teaching. They were requested to evaluate their satisfaction with three methods of lecture delivery: conventional face to face, online synchronized and online asynchronized, in terms of comprehension and retention of knowledge, communication with the lecturer, time convenience, Internet or technical support, transportation for face-to-face lectures, and stress-free learning. Students' scores were compared to scores of students who took the course before the pandemic and received only conventional face-to-face teaching. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: A response rate of 100% showed that 87% of the students were satisfied with the online modalities used for emergency remote teaching. Students were significantly less satisfied with online-asynchronized lectures in terms of communication with the lecturer (P < 0.001) and with online-synchronized lectures in terms of time convenience (P < 0.001). The students' examination performance was not affected by shifting to emergency remote teaching (P = 0.076). Conclusion: Dental students were satisfied with online modalities used for emergency remote teaching in the preclinical endodontic course and their academic performance was not adversely affected.

Introduction: The radial artery is an essential artery supplying the structures in the forearm. Variations in the radial artery concerning its origin, course, branching pattern, and mode of termination have been commonly reported. The high origin of the radial artery from either brachial or axillary artery was detected in numerous studies. Clinically-radial artery is used in cardiac catheterization and bypass graft; thus, the knowledge of these variations is of utmost significance to the surgeons. Methods: In the present study, dissection was conducted on 51 upper limb specimens. The explored specimens were obtained from the College of Medicine and Health Sciences (NUST), Oman. Moreover, variations observed in the origin and course of the radial artery were noted and later photographed. Results: Out of the 51 upper limb specimens studied, variation in the origin of the radial artery was observed from the axillary artery in one specimen and the brachial artery in 3 limbs. The course of these varied arteries was superficial in the forearm. Conclusion: The knowledge of the variations in the origin and course of the radial artery will help prevent any untoward side effects that can occur during any procedures involving the radial artery.

Introduction Bipolar disorder is a frequent and particularly severe psychiatric pathology that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The rapid cycling forms are more severe in terms of their expression, evolutionary course, therapeutic responses and associated comorbidities. Objectives The aim of this study is to conduct a descriptive assessment of therapeutic characteristics in patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Methods Our work involved a population of 97 patients followed for bipolar disorder diagnosed according to DSM5 criteria, including 37 patients meeting the specification “with rapid cycles”. The patients were divided into two groups: - Group of patients with bipolar disorder with rapid cycles (TBCR) - Group of patients with bipolar disorder without rapid cycling (TBNCR). We compared the therapeutic features among these two groups. Results The dominant polarity was depressive in patients with rapid cycles. They required more mood stabilizers. A greater proportion of them had received treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. They were more likely to use hypnotics such as antihistamines and zolpidem. Conclusions Rapid cycling TB is a relatively common clinical modality that should be investigated and identified.The use of antidepressants is associated with this course of the disease. Their utilization in the treatment of bipolar depression must be thoughtful and well studied Disclosure No significant relationships.

The enduring success of the European Course in Pediatric Neurosurgery, established 36 years ago by Maurice Choux, Concezio Di Rocco, and Karl Hovind, who organized it for the first time in Marseille, France in 1986, has motivated the propagation of similar courses in the Americas and Asia-Pacific regions. This project was strongly encouraged and endorsed by the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS), European Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (ESPN), International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (ISPN) and the local pediatric institutions and leaders [1]. The aim of this course is to promote the development of pediatric neurosurgery through the education and training of residents and practicing neurosurgeons [2]. Designed to cover the major fields in pediatric neurosurgery, the scientific program is divided into annual courses over a 3-year cycle, with each annual course based on a 4-day program divided in morning sessions comprising lectures and case discussions, as well as afternoon sessions with lectures, videos, “hands-on”, and “solve a case” sessions. During the course, a transfer of expertise between teachers, regarded as leading experts in their scientific field, and trainees is actively promoted and encouraged. The atmosphere of this course is informal and the number of trainees is thus limited in order to further promote open discussions and the development of collegiality relationships. An official certificate of completion is awarded to those who attend the full cycle of courses (three parts). The first Latin American Course in Pediatric Neurosurgery (LACPN) was held in Florianopolis, Brazil in March 2004, organized by Helio Machado and Ricardo Santos de Oliveira (3). Following the astonishing success of the first course, the second course moved to Puerto Iguazu, Argentina (2005), and the third to Mangaratiba in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2006). The second cycle was held in Natal, Brazil (2007), Cordoba in Argentina (2008), and Campos do Jordao, Brazil (2009). The third cycle started in Pirenopolis, Brazil (2010) and moved to Puerto Vallarta, Mexico (2011), and Buenos Aires (2012). In 2013, we celebrated the tenth anniversary of our LACPN. The course was held in Imbassai, Bahia, Brazil. After a pause, the LACPN restarted the fourth cycle in 2016, in Guaruja, then in 2018 in Lagoa Santa, and 2022 in Fortaleza. This cycle was done entirely in Brazil, and in 2020 the LACPN was recognize as an official course of the Brazilian Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (SBNPed). Over the past 18 years of LACPC more than 310 different trainees (from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, Mexico, Venezuela, Bolivia, Cuba, and others) and 72 faculty invitees (from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, USA, France, Italy, Costa Rica, Colombia, Turkish, Singapore, Spain, UK, and Australia) have attended the course. The aim of the course is to have in each of the three regions (Europe, Latin-America, and Asia-Pacific) the same series of lectures and workshops, conducted in the same language, with the same organizational frame. Through the promotion of the course worldwide, we hope to build a common spirit among neurosurgeons with pediatric interests, fostering the development of confidence, collaboration, and progress. The LACPN is unique and different course. The course has ratings of over 80% in scientific programming, enabling an immersion in pediatric neurosurgery. The 5th cycle will begin in 2024 Argentina (Tigres), near Buenos Aires and then in Rio de Janeiro (2026). Be part of LACPN!

There is a renewed interest in better conceptualizing trajectories of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood to adulthood, driven by an increased recognition of long-term impairment and potential persistence beyond childhood and adolescence. This review addresses the following major issues relevant to the course of ADHD in light of current evidence from longitudinal studies: (1) conceptual and methodological issues related to measurement of persistence of ADHD, (2) estimates of persistence rate from childhood to adulthood and its predictors, (3) long-term negative outcomes of childhood ADHD and their early predictors, and (4) the recently proposed new adult-onset ADHD. Estimates of persistence vary widely in the literature, and diagnostic criteria, sample characteristics, and information source are the most important factors explaining variability among studies. Evidence indicates that ADHD severity, comorbid conduct disorder and major depressive disorder, and treatment for ADHD are the main predictors of ADHD persistence from childhood to adulthood. Comorbid conduct disorder and ADHD severity in childhood are the most important predictors of adverse outcomes in adulthood among children with ADHD. Three recent population studies suggested the existence of a significant proportion of individuals who report onset of ADHD symptoms and impairments after childhood. Finally, we highlight areas for improvement to increase our understanding of ADHD across the life span.

A large body of evidence has suggested that the natural biology for symptomatic cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) is dynamic. These lesions exhibit a temporal clustering epiphenomenon and usually manifest with multispectral clinical patterns, the most relevant being hemorrhagic and seizurogenic events. Most patients with cerebral cavernous malformations are asymptomatic, and the lesions are detected as incidentalomas. However, association with the CCM3 gene, Zabramski type I and II lesions, and brainstem location have the propensity to increase the bleeding events. The rebleeding risk is 20%/year per lesion, which supports the need for surgical strategies for brainstem cavernous malformations; paradoxically, almost 50% of these patients develop new deficits postoperatively. A navigation-aided approach through safe entry zones is therefore of paramount importance in mitigating the surgical risks. Radiosurgery is currently reserved for biologically aggressive lesions that are not amenable for excision. Similarly, antiepileptic drug treatment is advised following the index seizure event. Early resection of the astrogliotic tissue, barring tissues within the brainstem, following detailed seizure semiology may be beneficial to patients with mesiotemporal lesions and in patients with noncompliance and severe adverse reactions to antiepileptic drug treatment. The proper dichotomization of symptomatic and high-risk cohorts and implementation of stringent surgical strategies performed by experienced surgeons result in good surgical outcomes. The guidelines from the Angioma Alliance Scientific Advisory Board Clinical Experts Panel greatly facilitate in formulating the proper management algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to determine the kinetic of serum IgG levels during local infectious foal diseases in the neonatal period. The levels were compared to those of age-matched healthy foals. Time-dependent changes of IgG concentrations were compared between healthy and sick foals as well as between foals with different infectious diseases. The study was designed as a prospective study with a control group. A total of 133 foals with IgG levels of 600 mg/dL or total globulin levels of 21 g/L or more were included into the study. Neonatal foals which developed an infection within the first two weeks of life were assigned to group 1 (n = 69). Typical diseases encountered were omphalitis, diarrhea, pneumonia and septic arthritis. Sick foals were assigned to a clinically healthy foal of the same age as a matching foal. Foals remaining healthy in the first two weeks of life (n = 64) were assigned to group 2. Sick foals were sampled once daily during the first six days of disease, then sampled every second day until recovery. Healthy foals were sampled twice a week during the first two weeks of life. After the second week, all healthy foals were sampled once a week over the complete duration of the disease of the matching group 1 foals. Serum IgG values were determined via capillary zone electrophoresis. Foals with local infectious diseases had similar IgG levels as healthy foals on the first day of the disease as well as during the entire subsequent sampling period. Time-dependent decreases of serum IgG levels during the first weeks of life were moderate and similar between healthy and sick foals. The nature of the local infectious disease and disease severities had no impact on the time-dependent decrease of serum IgG. Both healthy and sick foals with an adequate transfer of passive immunity showed a moderate decrease of IgG levels during the first weeks of life. The serum IgG concentrations did not differ between healthy neonatal foals and foals with local infectious diseases in during the first weeks of life. In foals with an adequate transfer of passive immunity local infectious diseases do not seem to affect the decrease of serum IgG levels significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to determine the compassionate communication levels of nursing students and the predictive roles of empathic skills and nursing communication courses. Design and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 430 nursing students and data were analyzed using a descriptive information form, Compassionate Communication Scale (CCS), and Empathic Skill Scale (ESS). Findings: A positive relationship was found between the students' ESS and CCS scores (r =.23 p = 0.001). Empathic skills (β = 0.43, p = 0.001), predicted compassionate communication (β = 0.23, p = 0.001), compassionate conversation (β = 0.43, p = 0.001), and compassionate touch (β = 0.18, p = 0.001). Practice Implications: Skills of compassion and empathy positively affect each other; therefore, it is important to adopt strategies that strengthen the empathic skills of nursing students during academic education and to include empathy and compassion in the curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to share our experience about clinical findings, natural course, and treatment response rates of a large cohort of patients with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients who were diagnosed with PFAPA syndrome between January 2010 and May 2021 at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty pediatric rheumatology department were reviewed retrospectively. Results: A total of 607 patients (females: 277, males: 330) with PFAPA syndrome were included. The median duration of episodes was 3 (1-15; interquartile range (IQR) 3-5) days, and the median interval between episodes was 20 days (5-120; IQR 15-30). The median age at the last attack and median disease duration were 66 (24-168; IQR 48-84) months and 40 (4-132; IQR 27.5-60) months, respectively. Fever (100%) was the most common clinical finding, followed by pharyngitis/exudative tonsillitis in 594 (97.9%), aphthous stomatitis in 308 (50.7%), cervical lymphadenopathy in 278 (45.8%), abdominal pain in 249 (41%), and arthralgia in 228 (37.6%) of the patients. Among the clinical findings, there was no statistical difference according to gender, except for cervical lymphadenitis being higher in males (P < .001). Of the patients who were given steroids during attacks, 94.6% were responsive. Colchicine was effective in 93 (63.7%) patients. The disease episodes ceased in 313 (95.4%) of patients who had tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. Conclusions: Clinicians should be alert for additional symptoms such as abdominal pain, arthralgia, and headache apart from the cardinal signs. Although tonsillectomy is highly effective, its use is controversial. Colchicine may be a good alternative for prophylaxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this meta-analysis we investigated changes in social functioning and its moderators in patients with a psychotic disorder but different durations of illness at baseline. We included longitudinal studies assessing the course of five domains of social functioning in patients with a psychotic disorder. Effect sizes of change between baseline and follow-up within these domains were analyzed in four subgroups based on durations of psychotic disorder at baseline: less than 2 years, between 2 and 5 years, between 5 and 10 years, and more than 10 years. The influence of baseline confounders was analyzed using meta-regression and sensitivity analysis. We included 84 studies analyzing 33,456 participants. We found a medium improvement (d = 0.60) in overall social functioning over time, with a greater improvement for studies investigating patients with a duration of illness of less than 5 years. We found minor improvement in specific domains of social functioning, such as vocational functioning (d = 0.31), prosocial behavior (d = 0.36), activities (d = 0.15), and independence (d = 0.25). Improvement in social functioning was associated with lower baseline levels of negative symptoms, higher baseline levels of quality of life, and, specifically, improved vocational functioning, with rehabilitation and combined treatment. Social functioning in patients with psychotic disorders improves over time, especially for patients with shorter illness durations. Reduction of negative symptoms and improving quality of life might reinforce improvement of social functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The confirmed number of SARS-CoV-2 infections up to 18 October 2022 is 626 million worldwide, but information about factors affecting the probability of infection or a severe course of COVID-19 remains insufficient and often speculative. Only a small number of factors have been rigorously examined, mostly by retrospective or cross-sectional studies.   We ran a preregistered study on 5164 Internet users who shared information with us about their exposure to 105 risk factors and reported being COVID-19 negative before the beginning of the fourth wave of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic. After the fourth wave, in which 709 (13.7%) of participants were infected, we used a partial Kendall test controlled for sex, age, and urbanization to compare the risk of infection and a severe course of the disease in subjects who initially did and did not report exposure to particular risk factors.   After the correction for multiple tests, we identified 13 factors – including male sex, lower age, blood group B, and larger household size – that increased the risk of infection and 16 factors – including mask-wearing, borreliosis in the past, use of vitamin D supplements, or rooibos drinking – that decreased it. We also identified 23 factors that increased the risk of a severe course of COVID-19 and 12 factors that decreased the risk.   This preregistered longitudinal study is of explorative nature. Therefore, although the observed effects were strong and remained highly significant even after correction for multiple tests, it will be necessary to confirm their existence in future independent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have shown an increased application of prospective trajectory-oriented approaches to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although women are generally considered at increased PTSD risk, sex and gender differences in PTSD symptom trajectories have not yet been extensively studied. To perform an in-depth investigation of differences in PTSD symptom trajectories across one-year post-trauma between men and women, by interpreting the general trends of trajectories observed in sex-disaggregated samples, and comparing within-trajectory symptom course and prevalence rates. We included N = 554 participants (62.5% men, 37.5% women) from a multi-centre prospective cohort of emergency department patients with suspected severe injury. PTSD symptom severity was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-trauma, using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV. Latent growth mixture modelling on longitudinal PTSD symptoms was performed within the sex-disaggregated and whole samples. Bayesian modelling with informative priors was applied for reliable model estimation, considering the imbalanced prevalence of the expected latent trajectories. In terms of general trends, the same trajectories were observed for men and women, i.e. resilient, recovery, chronic symptoms and delayed onset. Within-trajectory symptom courses were largely comparable, but resilient women had higher symptoms than resilient men. Sex differences in prevalence rates were observed for the recovery (higher in women) and delayed onset (higher in men) trajectories. Model fit for the sex-disaggregated samples was better than for the whole sample, indicating preferred application of sex-disaggregation. Analyses within the whole sample led to biased estimates of overall and sex-specific trajectory prevalence rates. Sex-disaggregated trajectory analyses revealed limited sex differences in PTSD symptom trajectories within one-year post-trauma in terms of general trends, courses and prevalence rates. The observed biased trajectory prevalence rates in the whole sample emphasize the necessity to apply appropriate statistical techniques when conducting sex-sensitive research. We investigated sex differences in PTSD symptom trajectories over one-year post-trauma. We observed modest differences. Symptom courses were mostly similar. Yet, the recovering trajectory was more prevalent in women, while the delayed onset trajectory was more prevalent in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tacit knowledge associated with the application and integration of codified knowledge, personal experience, and the fundamental technical engineering knowledge is typically not developed in engineering students as a result of their coursework. Consequently, engineering students are not fully equipped for the demands of design even if their project requires largely codified knowledge. They require significant guidance and mentorship to describe design bases in their own words, to develop criteria for plausible solutions and then to research, identify, and synthesize plausible solutions. For experienced practitioners, this tacit knowledge is inherent to process, systems, and product design and is fully internalized. Filling or partially filling this knowledge gap comprises the invisible curriculum in undergraduate engineering design education. In this contribution, we describe how tacit engineering and engineering design knowledge is developed iii our process design courses. how we structure implicit learning experiences, attempt to improve learning outcomes, and better prepare our developing engineers for early practice. Practical design projects, instructors with diverse knowledge and experience. a flipped course design (permitting intensive face-to-face interaction, mentorship, and creating opportunities to tell engineering stories during classroom sessions), individual and team assessment, and modeled interactions are used to create meaningful engineering experiences that help students develop their knowledge and understanding of the tacit curriculum. We provide reflections on our experiences. We expect our contribution to be of value across all engineering disciplines, and for professional practice development more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current Labour Code, like the previous normative acts, does not qualify the time limits within disciplinary sanctions can be applied. On this lacunar background, ununitary opinions were formulated in doctrine and jurisprudence, meaning that these deadlines were qualified either all of them to be decay terms, either as decay terms or prescription terms, either all of them as prescription terms. The last opinion is the majority. Only the prescription was established at a legislative level, while the decay being only recognized and debated by the doctrine and applied by the courts. The conjuncture was partially modified by the entry into force of the 2011 Civil Code, the decay being expressly regulated in it, only with a partially different physiognomy. However, in special normative acts, such as Law no. 360/2002 regarding the status of the policeman or Law no. 80/1995 regarding the status of military forces, the terms in discussion (by amendments to the applicable rules, made after 2011) are expressly qualified as having different legal natures, even if the effect of their fulfilment is the same. In this study we analyze the fairness of possible qualifications in all possible variants, as well as the course of these time limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The author of the paper explores the content of the qualification improvement course "Profiling, Interviewing, Identification" implemented in the State Border Guard College of the Republic of Latvia, the questionnaires given to the course participants in order to develop the guidelines for more effective training of border guards in the field of profiling and provides his point of view, taking into account training on profiling delivered in national and international context and level. The paper is aimed to identify the possibilities of improving the border guards' professional background in performing profiling in line with the current socio-economic, political and migration trends in Europe and in the world. The research was done in the State Border Guard College of the Republic of Latvia and several Central Asia region countries. For this purpose analysis and evaluation of documents, scientific, pedagogical and psychological literature was performed and suggestions for the improvement of border guard training system in the field of profiling were compiled. The author concludes that the current SBGC lecturers' level of proficiency allows to develop and implement any length and content qualification improvement course in the field of profiling. The author recommends to develop a micro-learning approach, namely by creating a variety of short video training materials. Development of profiling methodological instructions at the central level of the State Border Guard would lead to the increase of profiler (border guard) activities efficiency in performing service duties and would allow to operate with profiling related terms, procedures and activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Evidence mapping is a structured approach used to synthesize the state-of-the-art in an emerging field of research when systematic reviews or meta-analyses are deemed inappropriate. We employed this strategy to summarise knowledge regarding longitudinal ecological monitoring of rest-activity rhythms (RAR) and disease modifiers, course of illness, treatment response or outcome in bipolar disorders (BD). Structure We had two key aims: (1) to determine the number and type of actigraphy studies of in BD that explored data regarding: outcome over time (e.g. relapse/recurrence according to polarity, or recovery/remission), treatment response or illness trajectories and (2) to examine the range of actigraphy metrics that can be used to estimate disruptions of RAR and describe which individual circadian rhythm or sleep–wake cycle parameters are most consistently associated with outcome over time in BD. The mapping process incorporated four steps: clarifying the project focus, describing boundaries and ‘coordinates’ for mapping, searching the literature and producing a brief synopsis with summary charts of the key outputs. Twenty-seven independent studies (reported in 29 publications) were eligible for inclusion in the map. Most were small-scale, with the median sample size being 15 per study and median duration of actigraphy being about 7 days (range 1–210). Interestingly, 17 studies comprised wholly or partly of inpatients (63%). The available evidence indicated that a discrete number of RAR metrics are more consistently associated with transition between different phases of BD and/or may be predictive of longitudinal course of illness or treatment response. The metrics that show the most frequent associations represent markers of the amount, timing, or variability of RAR rather than the sleep quality metrics that are frequently targeted in contemporary studies of BD. Conclusions Despite 50 years of research, use of actigraphy to assess RAR in longitudinal studies and examination of these metrics and treatment response, course and outcome of BD is under-investigated. This is in marked contrast to the extensive literature on case–control or cross-sectional studies of actigraphy, especially typical sleep analysis metrics in BD. However, given the encouraging findings on putative RAR markers, we recommend increased study of putative circadian phenotypes of BD.

Depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the leading manifestations of the disease, which reduces quality of life in patients.Objective: to compare the clinical features of depression at different stages of PD.Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 162 PD patients aged 62.14±1.99 years without dementia (PD duration, 5.78±0.58 years; Stage, 2.5±0.6). The Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Spielberger Inventory, the 16-Item PD Fatigue Scale (PFS-16), and the Starkstein Apathy Scale were examined. Dopaminergic agents (DAAs) were prescribed when movement disorders were insufficiently corrected. Antidepressants were not used during the investigation. The follow-up period was 18 months.Results and discussion. Depression was detected in 136 (84%) patients. Depression symptoms appeared in 16 (12%) patients within 1–8 years before the onset of motor symptoms (MS), in 37 (27%) in the first 2 years after the onset of MS, in 44 (32%) at Hoehn–Yahr stages 2–3 without motor fluctuations (MFs), and in 39 (29%) at the onset of MF. The most severity of depression was noted in cases of its development at the premotor stage and in the period of MF occurrence. During the follow-up, the manifestations of depression disappeared in 16% of the patients taking a DAA; these were relapsing-remitting in 9%, progressive in 11%, or remained stable in 64%. The patients with depression occurring at the premotor stage had a progressive course of depression and a low DAA efficacy: an increase in severity in 30% of cases despite therapy and a reversal in only 10% of cases (versus 25–45% of those at depression onset in the presence of MS). In cases of depression occurring in the first 2 years after MS onset, its reversal was observed in 45%; the group of patients with depression onset in the presence of MF showed a stable course with slight severity fluctuations in 77.8%.Conclusion. Depression in PD is a heterogeneous affective disorder. There is a relatively favorable course of depression when the latter occurs in the first two years of MS onset. Along with DAA inefficacy, the more severity of depression is noted when the latter occurs in the premotor phase of PD and at the stage of MF.

Abstract Background Despite an increasing number of training opportunities in implementation science becoming available, the demand for training amongst researchers and practitioners is unmet. To address this training shortfall, we developed the King’s College London ‘Implementation Science Masterclass’ (ISM), an innovative 2-day programme (and currently the largest of its kind in Europe), developed and delivered by an international faculty of implementation experts. Methods This paper describes the ISM and provides delegates’ quantitative and qualitative evaluations (gathered through a survey at the end of the ISM) and faculty reflections over the period it has been running (2014–2019). Results Across the 6-year evaluation, a total of 501 delegates have attended the ISM, with numbers increasing yearly from 40 (in 2014) to 147 (in 2019). Delegates represent a diversity of backgrounds and 29 countries from across the world. The overall response rate for the delegate survey was 64.5% (323/501). Annually, the ISM has been rated ‘highly’ in terms of delegates’ overall impression (92%), clear and relevant learning objectives (90% and 94%, respectively), the course duration (85%), pace (86%) and academic level 87%), and the support provided on the day (92%). Seventy-one percent of delegates reported the ISM would have an impact on how they approached their future work. Qualitative feedback revealed key strengths include the opportunities to meet with an international and diverse pool of experts and individuals working in the field, the interactive nature of the workshops and training sessions, and the breadth of topics and contexts covered. Conclusions Yearly, the UK ISM has grown, both in size and in its international reach. Rated consistently favourably by delegates, the ISM helps to tackle current training demands from all those interested in learning and building their skills in implementation science. Evaluation of the ISM will continue to be an annual iterative process, reflective of changes in the evidence base and delegates changing needs as the field evolves.

As a college education institution, STMIK Palangka Raya plays a role in the development of science, especially in the field of information technology. As a consequence of that, STMIK Palangka Raya should apply and use information technology to optimize the process of education that it organizes. So far, course information send by lecturers through word of mouth at STMIK Palangka Raya. so the authors feel there needs to use information technology to send the course information effectively by way of making the Application of Informatics Engineering Course Management in Client Server based at STMIK Palangka Raya. The purpose of this research is to help lecturers convey information such as course schedules, course assignments, course files, and course grades to students through application with internet connection. Based on the results of questionnaires made with google form service and disseminated to college students through social media with 13 respondents has filled the questionnaire, the Application of Informatics Engineering Course Management in Client Server based at STMIK Palangka Raya can be said to be worthy to use and proper to implement with the percentage of 83%.

Abstract Background Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a core competence in both undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula. However, its integration into curricula varies widely. Our study will help medical colleges develop, implement and evaluate their EBM courses. We assessed the effectiveness of workshops in improving critical appraisal skills among medical students. Methods A before-and-after study design without a control group was used. A 5-week short EBM module including lectures, workshops, and online search sessions was conducted with 52 fourth-year medical students during their primary healthcare course at the College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 20, SPSS Inc., Chicago, US). Parametric tests as well as Student’s paired t-test for pre- and post-test comparisons were used. Results Forty-nine (49) participants completed the pre- and post-training Fresno tests, and 44.9% of the participants had a GPA of 4.0 or higher. The mean Fresno test score increased from 45.63 (SD 21.89) on the pre-test to 64.49 (SD 33.31) on the post-test, with significant improvements in the following items: search strategies, relevance, internal validity, magnitude and significance of results, statistical values of diagnosis studies (sensitivity, specificity, and LR), statistical values of therapy studies (ARR, RRR, and NNT), and best study design for diagnosis and prognosis (P

This paper presents and examines the students’ present situation analysis of mechanical engineering. In order to investigate present situation analysis, the data is collected through questionnaires of present situation analysis are distributed to the students of mechanical engineering study program with the total 111 students. A qualitiative with descriptive research method is adopted for this evaluation study. The results generated by PSA questionnaire is shown that the students learning input including listening input, speaking input, reading input, and writing input. Based on the findings, most of the students’ proficiency levels at beginner category. Regarding listening input, the students’ preferences input for listening used authentic materials and the topic preferences of students were about daily routines. Speaking input, most of the students’ input for speaking preferred monologue and dialogue with new vocabularies list and phonetic transcription with the desired topic for speaking input that was mechanical engineering field. Reading input, students’ preferences for reading input were authentic materials closely related to daily life with the topics desired for reading input was daily routines. Writing input, the students preferred to the explaination of the structures of the text related to the topics with the length of words was 100 – 150 words.

Background: Treatment of pelvic floor disorders is important due to the increasing number of these diseases and is one of the multidisciplinary therapies that should be performed with respect to the role of each group in the treatment. Physiotherapy not included in bachelor physiotherapy curriculum. Therefore, introducing students to pelvic floor physiotherapy as part of an independent training unit was designed and implemented. Findings: 84% of students expressed their satisfaction with this course and 100% of professors found it necessary and suggested to be included in the physiotherapy curriculum.

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy and safety of two different doses of propranolol in the treatment of cutaneous kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE).MethodsThe cohort of this prospective case–control study comprised 11 children with KHE treated from October 2015 to August 2018 in our institution. All participants were clinically and pathologically diagnosed as having cutaneous KHE. The children were allocated to two groups: six children in Group A (low-dose group) received oral propranolol 1.5 mg/kg/d, whereas five in Group B (high-dose group) received oral propranolol 2 mg/kg/d. The children were checked and photographed before and after treatment. Changes in the tumors were tracked by clinical and ultrasound examination. Follow-up visits to monitor for adverse reactions occurred regularly.ResultsGrade I, Grade II, and Grade IV improvements in tumors were each noted in one child in Group A (three improved in total) and Grade III in two and Grade IV in another two children in Group B (four improved in total). Oral propranolol was effective in 50 and 80% of children in Groups A and B, respectively; this difference is statistically significant (P < 0.01). Minor adverse reactions occurred in eight of the 11 children.ConclusionsPropranolol treatment is effective against cutaneous KHE. There were no serious adverse reactions, and the treatment was safe in the long term. A dose of 2 mg/kg/d was more effective than 1.5 mg/kg/d in the treatment of KHE and did not increase the rate of adverse reactions. Children with KHE should be treated with propranolol 2 mg/kg/d orally.

Objective: Patients with back pain (BP) and radiating leg pain have poorer clinical outcomes compared to patients with BP alone. We aimed to describe the 1-year clinical course and to identify prognostic factors associated with non-recovery in older BP patients with radiating leg pain., Design: Patients in the BACE cohort aged >55 years with a new episode of BP and radiating leg pain were included (n = 377). Data on clinical outcomes were collected until 1-year follow-up. Uni- and multivariable regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between potential prognostic factors and three non-recovery outcomes at the 1-year follow-up., Results: More than half of the patients (65%) did not recover after 12 months. In multivariable analyses, poor self-rated health (odds ratio [OR] 2.34, 95% CI: 1.20-4.56) and BP duration at baseline (OR 1.48, 1.12-1.96) were significantly associated with non-recovery for BP as outcome; age (OR 1.04, 1.03-1.05), smoking (OR 1.14, 1.00-1.30), depressive symptomatology (OR 1.03, 1.02-1.04), kinesiophobia (OR 1.03, 1.02-1.04), poor self-rated health (OR 2.09, 1.83-2.39), baseline disability (OR 1.16, 1.14-1.17), BP duration (OR 1.49, 1.41-1.57), leg pain (OR 1.52, 1.37-1.68), pain during rotation (OR 1.71, 1.53-1.90) and other musculoskeletal complaints (OR 1.34, 1.17-1.52) were associated with disability. No factors were associated with leg pain., Conclusions: Several prognostic factors were associated with non-recovery in older patients with BP and radiating leg pain. Primary care clinicians should be aware of these factors in managing these patients., (© 2024 The Author(s). Musculoskeletal Care published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: Some aspects of gender differences in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have been studied, especially in cross-sectional designs and with a short-term follow-up. However, only a few studies have considered the evolution during the follow-up of SSD patients according to their gender. In this study, we explore gender differences from the time of entry in an early intervention program for psychosis, up to three years follow-up., Methods: We conducted a prospective study including a cohort of 474 patients treated at the Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis (TIPP) program, 319 men and 155 women, having presented a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Data regarding premorbid and baseline sociodemographic, psychopathological and patient functioning, were collected. These data were reassessed longitudinally after 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months after entry in TIPP., Results: Regarding premorbid and baseline characteristics, woman developed threshold symptoms of a FEP 1 year later than men on average. Women were more likely to be married, men were more likely to live in pension or care home facility or to be homeless. Women displayed a higher rate of history of suicide attempts and exposure to childhood trauma, while men were more likely to have a forensic history, a history of abuse of alcohol and cannabis as well as a dependency to cannabis at the time of entry in TIPP. Regarding evolution, men were more prone to violent acts and were less likely to decrease their usage of substances. The longitudinal analysis highlighted that men displayed greater negative symptoms over the entire treatment period, lower functioning after 6 months and on all assessment points after. Both genders displayed similar rate of improvement in these 3 dimensions over time., Conclusion: Our study confirms that there are some gender differences in the early phase of psychosis that may require differentiation of assessment and treatment to improve recovery., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing informatics continuing education course and nurses' perceptions of it. This study investigates the evaluation and satisfaction of 103 nurses who attended the course on 10-11 June 2023. The survey was divided into two parts: the first part focused on the evaluation of teaching and the second part focused on the evaluation of the course. The first part contained 7 structured questions and 1 open-ended question, while the second part contained 11 structured questions. The results show a high level of satisfaction, with the teaching receiving a score of 9.9 out of 10. 95% of the participants were "very satisfied" and 5% were "satisfied".

The aim of this paper is to explore how nursing undergraduates perceive a nursing informatics (NI) course. Between 7 and 14 September 2023, a survey was conducted with 51 nursing undergraduates who enrolled in 2021. A structured and open-ended questionnaire was used to explore their perceptions of the course. A total of 90.2% (46/51) of the students completed the survey. Of the respondents, 69.6% (32/46) were unaware of NI, while 30.4% (14/46) were aware of it. Furthermore, 93.5% (43/46) of the respondents supported the introduction of a nursing informatics course. The results of this study will guide the development of NI curricula.

An extensive literature regarding gender differences relevant to several aspects of schizophrenia is nowadays available. It includes some robust findings as well as some inconsistencies. In the present review, we summarize the literature on gender differences in schizophrenia relevant to clinical and social outcome as well as their determinants, focusing on clinical variables, while gender differences on biological factors which may have an impact on the outcome of the disorder were not included herewith. Consistent findings include, in male with respect to female patients, an earlier age of illness onset limited to early- and middle-onset schizophrenia, a worse premorbid functioning, a greater severity of negative symptoms, a lower severity of affective symptoms and a higher rate of comorbid alcohol/substance abuse. Discrepant findings have been reported on gender differences in positive symptoms and in social and non-social cognition, as well as in functional outcome and rates of recovery. In fact, despite the overall finding of a more severe clinical picture in males, this does not seem to translate into a worse outcome. From the recent literature emerges that, although some findings on gender differences in schizophrenia are consistent, there are still aspects of clinical and functional outcome which need clarification by means of further studies taking into account several methodological issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel dual piston linear compressor prototype is presented. • The experimental results verify the established numerical model. • Piston operation is a direct control variable, which means the volumetric efficiency can be regulated. • The output characteristics, especially linear motor efficiency, depend heavily on the operating frequency and stroke. A novel dual-piston linear compressor consisting of two piston-cylinder assemblies and a linear electric motor was constructed. To explore the performance of the dual-piston linear compressor, a numerical model that contains a thermodynamic sub-model, dynamic sub-model, three-phase linear motor sub-module, and control system sub-model was built. Several piston trajectories and different operating conditions were assessed to investigate the performance of the dual piston linear compressor. Results from both the simulation and experiments indicate that the system with the triangle curve trajectory exhibits the best performance. The output characteristics (mass flow rate, motor efficiency, mechanical efficiency, and overall efficiency) depend heavily on the operating frequency and the stroke of the piston. For the dual-piston linear compressor system that was designed, the overall efficiency can reach up to 57.59% when the system works at a frequency of 12 Hz and a stroke of 26 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]