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A new species, Espeletia ocetana (Asteraceae), from about 3500 m a. s. l. in Páramo de Ocetá, Mongua, Boyacá department, Colombia, is described and illustrated. The new species exhibits a caulescent rosette habit (0.7–1.8 m tall), sessile leaves, elliptic leaf laminae with greyish indumentum, robust bracteate thyrsoid capitulescences spreading laterally from rosette, each holding 16–37(–69) capitula, external phyllaries 14.2–31.1 mm long, and ray florets 13.9–21.3 mm long arranged in 2.0–2.9 series. It is markedly different from the majority of other members of the genus, and only slightly similar to E. jaramilloi, from which it can be easily distinguished by its taller stems, wider leaves with a smaller length/width ratio, and longer sheaths. Furthermore, E. ocetana has capitula with ray florets arranged in fewer series, and with longer phyllaries, ray corollas, ray corolla limbs, ray styles, ray style branches, disc florets, and disc styles. In addition, E. ocetana is distributed allopatrically in regard to E. jaramilloi, and differs as well in its ecological preference for humid to very humid shrubby páramos. Espeletia ocetana is rather abundant in its type locality, which is a relatively well-conserved páramo located within the limits of Parque Natural Regional Siscunsí-Ocetá. However, it is absent from road margins, abandoned agriculture fields, and other areas impacted by human activities. Further studies will be necessary to know appropriately the extent of the geographic distribution of E. ocetana, its ecological requirements and its phylogenetic affinities with other species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Praxelis scaturicola, a new Cerrado biome species, is described and illustrated. The main morphological features of this new species are: i) capitula usually isolated; ii) vinaceous involucral bracts; iii) reduced glabrous leaves well-spaced on the stem. This study also presents information on aspects of the new species' habitat, as well as field images and illustrations. Praxelis scaturicola is known only from the Paraúna municipality in Goiás state, Brazil. A key and comments on the Brazilian species of Praxelis are also presented with a special note on the status of P. grandiflora. Additionally, the synonymy of P. macrocarpa under P. capillaris is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Atlantic Forest is the most species rich vegetation in Brazil and holds several phytophysiognomies, including the vegetation on inselbergs, which is a very stressful xeric environment that selects for very specialized biota. Cololobus is an endemic genus from Atlantic Forest inselbergs of eastern Brazil, and Cololobus ruschianus is a new species based on morphological evidence, differing from other species of the genus by its morphological traits in petioles, subinvolucral bracts, and outer involucral bracts. Cololobus ruschianus occurs in Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo State, Brazil and would likely be considered Critically Endangered (CR), based on the criteria of the IUCN red list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Golden everlasting paper daisies (Xerochrysum , Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) were some of the earliest Australian native plants to be cultivated in Europe. Reputedly a favourite of Napoléon Bonaparte and Empress Joséphine, X. bracteatum is thought to have been introduced to the island of St Helena in the South Atlantic during Napoléon's exile there. Colourful cultivars were developed in the 1850s, and there is a widely held view that these were produced by crossing Xerochrysum with African or Asian Helichrysum spp. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses and subtribal classification of Gnaphalieae cast doubt on this idea. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we looked for evidence of gene flow between modern cultivars, naturalized paper daisies from St Helena and four Xerochrysum spp. recorded in Europe in the 1800s. There was strong support for gene flow between cultivars and X. macranthum. Paper daisies from St Helena were genotypically congruent with X. bracteatum and showed no indications of ancestry from other species or from the cultivars, consistent with the continuous occurrence of naturalized paper daisies introduced by Joséphine and Napoléon. We also present new evidence for the origin of colourful Xerochrysum cultivars and hybridization of congeners in Europe from Australian collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asteraceae family is the largest in the plant kingdom in the world. Gundelia is a genus that belongs to this family and is commonly referred to as the kenger name in Anatolia. Gundelia dersim is also an endemic species defined from Eastern Anatolia. In this study, anatomical, palynological and biochemical properties of G. dersim were discussed. When the anatomical structure of G. dersim was examined, it was seen that the mesophyll type, in which the midrib of the leaf was developed, was unifacial. There are too many sclerenchymatic cells in the vascular bundles. In addition, laticifer elements were seen on the stem and leaf. Also, it was observed that the pollen of the species is in echinate ornamentation and pollen grains are radial symmetrical, isopolar, tricolporate. Following biochemical analysis, pigment analysis, total carbohydrate and lipid peroxidation were performed. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content of the species in both stem and leaf were analyzed, and the most chlorophyll content was found in the leaf. With this research, for the first time, a detailed anatomical investigation was conducted on the genus Gundelia, and it is a current view with the first consideration of the anatomical, palynological and biochemical aspects of G. dersim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As presently delimited, the endemic New Zealand species Senecio glaucophyllus Cheeseman shows considerable morphological and ecological diversity. Two morphologically similar forms associated with this taxon are found in northwest Nelson (South Island), of which one is often filed in herbaria as S. glaucophyllus subsp. glaucophyllus. The other form has been informally recognised as S. aff. glaucophyllus. The present study aimed to determine if S. aff. glaucophyllus merits taxonomic recognition by assessing if it is morphologically and genetically distinct from S. glaucophyllus subsp. glaucophyllus and, if so, to identify its diagnostic morphological characters. The results of Principal Coordinate Analyses of a morphometric data set and phylogenetic studies of an ITS DNA sequence data set show that the two taxa are morphologically and genetically distinct and only distantly related to each other. Random Forest analyses resulted in the discovery of several morphological characters that can be used to distinguish the taxa. The inclusion of data of type specimens of S. glaucophyllus in the PCoAs showed that specimens of S. aff. glaucophyllus are conspecific with S. glaucophyllus whereas most of S. glaucophyllus in its current delimitation belong to a taxon that is unnamed at the species level. We here provide a new name at species rank for this taxon: Senecio matatini. This taxonomic realignment reinstates Cheeseman's original concept of S. glaucophyllus as a species that is restricted to northwest Nelson. Senecio matatini has a much wider distribution and is found throughout much of the South Island and the southern and central parts of the North Island. Because our results indicate that S. glaucophyllus subsp. basinudus, S. glaucophyllus subsp. discoideus, and S. glaucophyllus subsp. toa are currently best considered as subspecies of S. matatini, new combinations for these three taxa are also provided. In addition, we lectotypify the name Senecio lautus var. montanus Cheeseman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Flora Montibérica is the property of Flora Montiberica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Compositae (Asteraceae), also known as the sunflower family has evolved to become the most diverse and advanced angiosperm family. However, with high diversity, taxonomic complexities also arise at several levels. A reliable tool in resolving such taxonomic conundrums in this family is the characteristic fruit of Compositae known as "cypsela." While most of the previous cypsela‐based studies have focused on specific tribes and species of Compositae, in this study, we shift our focus to the genus level and seek a broader understanding of the taxonomic relationships that prevail in this family. In order to achieve this, we sampled 25 genera of Compositae and subjected them to qualitative and quantitative analysis to resolve them into groups based on the degree of similarity. This study was conducted by employing light microscopy techniques for gathering the qualitative and quantitative morphological data of the cypselae. The qualitative data were collected on six key morphological characteristics—shape, color, base, surface ornamentation, ribs, and pappus types for all the members. These data were used to yield an artificial dichotomous key to genera for the 25 members. The quantitative data on dimensions (length, breadth) of the entire cypsela as well as the pappus and ribs were subjected to principal component analysis, to understand the covariance among these variables. Hierarchical clustering followed by dendrogram construction was used to visualize the patterns of correlation within the samples and make taxonomic conclusions. The resulting dendrogram showed four closely related clades that consisted of 23 out of the 25 members whereas 2 members emerged as outgroups. The results of this study commensurate with DNA‐based resolution of the concerned Compositae members, hence highlighting the reliability and significance of both light microscopy and morphology‐based studies that seem to be fading away otherwise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safflopentsides A − C (1−3), three highly oxidized rearranged derivatives of quinochalcone C-glycosides, were isolated from the safflower yellow pigments. Their structures were determined based on a detailed spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR), and the absolute configurations were confirmed by the comparison of experimental ECD spectra with calculated ECD spectra. Compounds 1−3 have an unprecedented cyclopentenone or cyclobutenolide ring A containing C-glucosyl group, respectively. The plausible biosynthetic pathways of compounds have been presented. At 10 μM, 2 showed strong inhibitory activity against rat cerebral cortical neurons damage induced by glutamate and oxygen sugar deprivation. [Display omitted] • Three highly oxidized rearranged derivatives of quinochalcone C-glycosides. • Three new compounds all have new skeletons or new C–C bond connections. • At 10 μM, safflopentside B showed strong neuroprotective activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se analiza la variabilidad de Sonchus tenerrimus L. (Compositae) en las sierras litorales de la Comu¬nidad Valenciana (España). Se describen dos nuevas subespecies: S. tenerrimus subsp. polypodioides subsp. nov. y S. tenerrimus subsp. halodianae subsp. nov.; se incluye una descripción y una iconografía para cada una de ellas. Asi¬mismo se lectotipifican tres nombres: S. dianae Lacaita ex Willk., S. tenerrimus var. arborescens Salzm. ex Ball y S. tenerrimus var. maritimus Ball a partir de material original conservado en los herbarios BM y K. The variability of Sonchus tenerrimus L. (Compositae) is analyzed from material in the coastal mountains of the Valencian Commu¬nity (Spain). Two new subspecies are described: S. tenerrimus subsp. polypodioides subsp. nov., and S. tenerrimus subsp. halodianae subsp. nov., a description and an iconography for each of them is included. Three names are also lectotypified: S. dianae Lacaita ex Willk., S. tenerrimus var. arborescens Salzm. ex Ball, and S. tenerrimus var. mari¬timus Ball from original material conserved in the herbaria BM and K.

Abstract Background A frequent problem associated with the tissue culture of Compositae species such as chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the premature bolting to in vitro flowering of regenerated plants. Plants exhibiting such phase changes have poor survival and poor seed set upon transfer from tissue culture to greenhouse conditions. This can result in the loss of valuable plant lines following applications of cell and tissue culture for genetic manipulation. Results This study demonstrates that chicory and lettuce plants exhibiting stable in vitro flowering can be rejuvenated by a further cycle of adventitious shoot regeneration from cauline leaves. The resulting rejuvenated plants exhibit substantially improved performance following transfer to greenhouse conditions, with increased frequency of plant survival, a doubling of the frequency of plants that flowered, and substantially increased seed production. Conclusion As soon as in vitro flowering is observed in unique highly-valued chicory and lettuce lines, a further cycle of adventitious shoot regeneration from cauline leaves should be implemented to induce rejuvenation. This re-establishes a juvenile phase accompanied by in vitro rosette formation, resulting in substantially improved survival, flowering and seed set in a greenhouse, thereby ensuring the recovery of future generations from lines genetically manipulated in cell and tissue culture.

The genus Marshallia is made up by seven to ten species of perennial herbs growing mainly in open habitats, whereas the genus Balduina is represented by three sympatric species; two perennial herbs and one annual, growing in open pine forest habitats. Both genera belong to the family Asteraceae, tribe Helenieae, and are endemic to the southeast United States, in North America. Cytogenetic studies concerning these two genera are scarce and genome size data is lacking for both. The main goals of this study were to (i) generate novel insights into the evolution of the genome size and (ii), contribute to filling existing gaps on our knowledge of the Asteraceae family from this point of view. Nuclear DNA contents range from 11.42 pg/2C in Marshallia trinervia to 31.58 pg/2C in Marshallia mohrii. The combination of genome size with chromosome data (and inferred cytotypes) suggests the existence of multiple cytotypes, and provides interesting insights into the potential impact of polyploidy in the evolution of these genera in general, and the shaping of genome size diversity, in particular.

On the basis of the revision of the original material and protologues, as well as the study of all the specimens at our disposal, Senecio gonocaulos DC. is transferred to the genus Pentacalia and the name P. poeppigiana A.Granda is included in the synonymy of the former name. Additionally, a lectotype is designated for S. gonocaulos and some observations and historical remarks on the type material of this species are provided.

Ten thiophene derivatives (1–10), including two previously undescribed ones (1 and 2), have been obtained and structurally characterized from the aerial parts of a traditional Chinese herb Eclipta prostrata. Six of them with one chiral center were identified to be scalemic mixtures, and the pure enantiomers of two isolates (1 and 3) were successfully separated via chemical derivatization and chiral HPLC, with the absolute configurations being established by analysis of optical rotations. All the thiophenes were subjected to a series of assays and compounds 9 and 10 exhibited mild antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tephroseris is generally considered a difficult genus. Based on the examination of extensive herbarium material and considering the existing literature, we recognize seven species in Europe outside Russia. These are T. palustris, T. integrifolia with subsp. integrifolia, subsp. aurantiaca, subsp. capitata, subsp. maritima, subsp. serpentini and subsp. "tundricola", T. balbisiana, T. crispa, T. helenitis, T. longifolia and T. papposa. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS and ETS sequences showed that these species fall into three lineages. These are: (1) T. palustris, clearly related to Arctic species of the genus; (2) T. integrifolia; and (3) the remaining species. Molecular dating of the T. integrifolia lineage resulted in a crown group age of 1.76 (0.85–2.87) million years. Possible reasons for taxonomic difficulties in the genus in Europe outside Russia may include its young phylogenetic age and extensive migration and genetic admixture in the Quaternary. The decline of the genus in Europe outside Russia is documented and discussed. We consider it possible that its decline is related to rising global temperatures. Citation: Kadereit J. W., Laux P. & Dillenberger M. S. 2021: A conspectus of Tephroseris (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) in Europe outside Russia and notes on the decline of the genus. – Willdenowia 51: 271–317. Version of record first published online on 3 September 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive treatment of the N African genus Heteromera Pomel (Compositae, Anthemideae) is presented. Morphological, anatomical and karyological features as well as distribution maps are reported. The analysis of nrDNA and cpDNA sequence variation reveals the close relationship of the two species, with H. philaenorum exhibiting little variation and being well separated from a more diverse H. fuscata. The chromosome numbers of H. fuscata and H. philaenorum are reported for the first time. Heteromera philaenorum Maire & Weiller, Chrysanthemum fuscatum f. pubescens Trotter and Chrysanthemum fuscatum f. subcanescens Trotter are lectotypified and H. philaenorum is reported as new for the flora of Algeria and Tunisia. Citation: Vogt R., Wagner F. & Oberprieler C. 2021: The genus Heteromera (Compositae, Anthemideae). – Willdenowia 51: 233–249. Version of record first published online on 17 August 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apodocephala is a small genus of nine species of shrubs and trees endemic to Madagascar and currently classified in the tribe Astereae (Asteraceae). However, its present tribal position has been questioned, as it lacks some of the salient morphological features of that tribe. This study includes for the first time DNA sequences from Apodocephala (two species including the type of the generic name) to test its phylogenetic position. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from nuclear ribosomal (ETS and ITS) and plastid (ndhF and trnL–trnF) DNA regions, using Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony methods, strongly reject the placement of Apodocephala in the Astereae. Our results, instead, support its position as sister to the Malagasy monospecific genus Lowryanthus within the tribe Athroismeae. Morphological comparison of these sister genera reveal similarities in cypsela morphology, and the inclusion of Apodocephala in the subtribe Lowryanthinae is proposed here. The tribe Athroismeae is now represented by ten genera (Anisochaeta, Anisopappus, Apodocephala, Artemisiopsis, Athroisma, Blepharispermum, Centipeda, Leucoblepharis, Lowryanthus and Symphyllocarpus), six of which occur in Madagascar. The Malagasy Athroismeae occur in all Malagasy terrestrial ecosystems (rainforests, deciduous dry forests, thicket spiny forests and savannas) and are likely the result of multiple independent colonization events mostly from mainland Africa. Citation: Bengtson A., Anderberg A. A. & Razafimandimbison S. G. 2021: The Malagasy enigmatic genus Apodocephala (Asteraceae), a new member of the tribe Athroismeae. – Willdenowia 51: 221–230. Version of record first published online on 10 August 2021 ahead of inclusion in August 2021 issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new sesquiterpene, artefrigin (5), together with four known sesquiterpenes were isolated from the volatile oil of Artemisia frigida Willd. The structure of five was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiversity is not evenly distributed among related groups, raising questions about the factors contributing to such disparities. The sunflower family (Asteraceae, >26,000 species) is among the largest and most diverse plant families, but its species diversity is concentrated in a few subfamilies, providing an opportunity to study the factors affecting biodiversity. Phylotranscriptomic analyses here of 244 transcriptomes and genomes produced a phylogeny with strong support for the monophyly of Asteraceae and the monophyly of most subfamilies and tribes. This phylogeny provides a reference for detecting changes in diversification rates and possible factors affecting Asteraceae diversity, which include global climate shifts, whole‐genome duplications (WGDs), and morphological evolution. The origin of Asteraceae was estimated at ~83 Mya, with most subfamilies having diverged before the Cretaceous–Paleocene boundary. Phylotranscriptomic analyses supported the existence of 41 WGDs in Asteraceae. Changes to herbaceousness and capitulescence with multiple flower‐like capitula, often with distinct florets and scaly pappus/receptacular bracts, are associated with multiple upshifts in diversification rate. WGDs might have contributed to the survival of early Asteraceae by providing new genetic materials to support morphological transitions. The resulting competitive advantage for adapting to different niches would have increased biodiversity in Asteraceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species, Centaurea kirikkalensis from the Kırıkkale Province of Turkey is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to C. nallihanensis and C. drabifolia subsp. floccosa from which it differs mainly in the indumentum of stem and leaves, shape of involucre and appendages and pappus features. Detailed diagnostic characters, descriptions, taxonomic comments, ecology, IUCN conservation status, pollen and achene morphologies are given and the geographical distribution of the new species and its allied taxa is mapped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of herbarium material of the genus Senecio from Southern Peru resulted in the identification of two new records for its Flora: Senecio behnii y Senecio ctenophyllus. Based on the examination of herbarium specimens from Chile and Peru, we provide the morphological descriptions, distribution, habitat, and a comparison with the closer species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to analyse the sharing and dissimilarities of current popular knowledge on the medicinal uses of plants in two neighbouring areas of the Western Mediterranean with a shared historical background: Eastern Morocco and Eastern Andalusia (Spain), focusing on the most important botanical family in both territories, the Asteraceae. Data on the Moroccan traditional use of the plants were gathered in an ethnobotanical field research. For comparison, a database was developed containing these data and those from the reviews of the ethnobotanical literature from Eastern Andalusia, and three historical important herbals. Statistical analysis was performed using clustering hierarchical analysis and Jaccard´s similarity index. Results show that in Morocco, 10 taxa of the family are used to treat 45 medical conditions of 10 pathological groups. The whole database reached 380 use records to treat 64 conditions across time and both cultures. The consensus of current ethnobotanical knowledge in the two studied territories is high, as 35.5% of uses are practised in both territories. Among coincident uses in the 5 information sources, most are currently accepted-approved through phytotherapeutical and ethnopharmacological studies. Nearly 70% of the uses included in Ibn al-Baytar´s codex are of previous unknown origin. The high coincidence in the current use in both territories seems to be influenced by: 1. the shared historical context and medical traditions for several centuries and 2. the validity and pharmacological effectiveness of the plants: well ethnopharmacologicaly studied uses are transmitted both through time and territories or cultures. [Display omitted] • 10 Asteraceae species with ethnomedicinal current use in Eastern Morocco and Eastern Andalusia are compared cross-culturally and historically. • Considering important medicinal texts the database includes 380 use records to treat 64 conditions in 15 pathological groups. • A high current consensus of use was found (high use similarities) in both territories (55% shared uses). • What persist is effective: among coincident uses in the 5 sources, most are accepted-approved through phytotherapy / ethnopharmacological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Botanica Serbica is the property of University of Belgrade, Institute of Botany & Botanical Garden Jevremovac and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In Mexico, the Asteraceae are part of traditional knowledge where its members have several uses, but they are particularly remarkable in traditional medicine and are used for different purposes. Questions: What pharmacologically studies have been carried out with Asteraceae species used in Mexican traditional medicine? What pharmacological activities have been tested? What compounds are responsible for the tested activities? Species studied: Asteraceae species used in Mexican traditional medicine pharmacologically tested. Methods: A database including scientific studies on Asteraceae species which studies on pharmacological activity or phytochemical characterization was compiled and analyzed. Results: From 249 reviewed studies only 202 fulfilled the criteria for our analysis. A total of 101 species distributed in 65 genera and 16 tribes were registered. The tribes Heliantheae and Senecioneae were the most studied. Ageratina pichinchensis, Artemisia ludoviciana, Heliopsis longipes, and Heterotheca inuloides were the most studied species. In Mexico, the Asteraceae family is mainly used in the treatment of diseases or symptoms related to the digestive and respiratory systems. In 48 % of the studies some biocidal activity was evaluated but only 21.8 % included phytochemical characterizations. Conclusions: The antimicrobial activity and phytochemical characterizations are the main kind of ethnopharmacological studies for Asteraceae in Mexico. Most of the compounds responsible for the activities have not been identified yet. The uses of Asteraceae in Mexico are similar to other countries emphasizing its cultural importance in the world. Mexican Asteraceae should be prioritized in conservation and bioscreening schemes.

Abstract Palynological data have been used in Vernonieae for generic and specific delimitations, particularly in the Lepidaploinae subtribe. For this reason, pollen studies in the genus Lepidaploa are important to solve taxonomic conflicts. We characterized 23 species of Lepidaploa searching for morphological differences among themselves. We then compared the data obtained with other genera of the Lepidaploinae. The results show that the species have pollen type “C” (with polar lacuna) or “G” (without polar lacuna), oblate-spheroidal, subprolate or prolate-spheroidal, 3-colporate and equinolophate. The pollen types and shape of pollen grain are taxonomically useful. Pollen morphology is useful to distinguish species and genera of Lepidaploinae. Together with macromorphological data it is possible to delimit Lepidaploa and the species studied here.

Neuroinflammation, predominantly mediated by microglial activation, is a key immunological response in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In our preliminary study, the aerial part of Artemisia iwayomogi inhibits LPS-induced microglial activation. The present study aims to identify chemical constituents with anti-neuroinflammatory properties in the aerial parts of A. iwayomogi. Two new guaianolide sesquiterpenes, iwayomogins A and B (1 and 2), along with thirteen known sesquiterpene lactones (3–15), one diterpene glycoside (16), and nine phenolic compounds (17–25) were isolated from the aerial parts of A. iwayomogi by repeated chromatography. The structures of the isolates were elucidated by their spectroscopic data. All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells. 2,3-Dehydro-1-epi-asperilin (11) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on NO production (IC50 value of 1.78 μM). In the molecular docking study, three compounds (1, 2, and 11) showed good binding affinities with iNOS. Additionally, compounds 1, 2, and 11 inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in dose-dependent manners. The present study demonstrates that the chemical constituents from A. iwayomogi inhibit NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in BV-2 cells. However, further evaluation with biological experiments utilizing in vivo models is necessary.

Cyanthillium cinereum is a member of the tribe Vernonieae from the family Compositae. The tribe was traditionally placed in the subfamily Cichorioideae, but is recently proposed to be placed in its own subfamily Vernonioideae. The complete chloroplast genome (cp genome) of the genus Cyanthillium is sequenced for the first time. The cp genome of C. cinereum is 152,750 bp in length. It contained a large single copy (LSC) region (83,871 bp), and small single copy (SSC) region (18,487 bp), and two inverted repeats (IRs, 25,196 bp). Phylogenetic analysis of 20 species was conducted. C. cinereum and Gymnanthemum amygdalinum which are members of tribe Vernonieae nested outside of the monophyletic clade formed by members of subfamily Cichorioideae. The findings would be useful to understand the phylogeny of the genus Cyanthillium and the subfamily Vernonioideae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Flora Montibérica is the property of Flora Montiberica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cousinia knorringiae Bornm. (Asteraceae) belongs to C. sect. Subappendiculatae Tscherneva, a group of the species-rich and taxonomically difficult genus Cousinia Cass. This species is narrowly distributed in the Western Tian-Shan and has been known as endemic to Kyrgyzstan. It inhabits bare rocks and screes at elevations of 1200-1500 m above sea level. This species is of conservation interest because of its small population size and limited distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Lagenophora Cass. is taxonomically revised for New Caledonia with two species recognised. Lagenophora sinuosa Lannuzel, Gâteblé & Jian Wang ter, sp. nov. is endemic to New Caledonia and the other, L. sublyrata (Cass.) A.R.Bean & Jian Wang ter occurs there and in many other countries from the region. Both are fully described and illustrated. An identification key is provided, as are notes on the distribution (including maps), habitat, phenology and conservation status. The generic placement of the new species is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aster sanqingshanica J.W. Xiao & W.P. Li, a new species of Asteraceae from Jiangxi, China, is described, illustrated and compared with related taxa based on evidence from morphology and molecular phylogeny. Morphological observations have shown that A. sanqingshanica is most similar to A. tianmenshanensis, but readily differs by its ascending stem (versus erect), marcescent basal leaves (versus deciduous), ciliate basal leaf margins (versus glabrous), 4–5‐seriate phyllaries (versus 2–3‐seriate), purple phyllaries (apex) (versus green), flat receptacle (versus convex) and broader lamina of the ray florets (3–4 mm versus 2–3 mm). Phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS and ETS sequence data show that A. sanqingshanica is closely related to A. tonglingensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lychnocephalus cipoensis, L. grazielae, and L. jolyanus, three new species from the Cerrado of the Brazilian Central Plateau, are hereby described and illustrated. Lychnocephalus is characterized by its tomentose to densely lanate branches, heads organized in third order syncephalia and inner pappus series with twisted setae and narrowed apex. These new species are microendemic in the campos rupestres of Serra do Cipó, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, and were previously misidentified as other species of the genus. However, they are distinguished by their habit, leaf arrangement, leaf shape and size, presence or absence of petiole, number of florets per head, and number of pappus series, among other characteristics discussed here. These new species are described and illustrated, their affinities discussed, and a key to all species of Lychnocephalus is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piptolepis is an endemic genus of the Brazilian Central Plateau. It comprises 13 species, almost all of them microendemic and poorly collected. They are shrubs, subshrubs, or treelets, with leaves displayed in a typical pad-like sheath, the heads are solitary or organized in a pseudoglomerule, or rarely a syncephalium (second-order inflorescence), with weakly imbricate phyllaries. As a preliminary result of an ongoing taxonomic revision of Piptolepis, we hereby report three new species. P. corymbosa is similar to P. leptospermoides, while P. pilosa resembles P. ericoides, and Piptolepis procumbens is similar to P. campestris. These new species are described and illustrated, their taxonomic affinities are discussed, and the informal conservation status for each is assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pectis comprises about 90 species distributed in North America, Mexico, the Caribbean, South and Central America, and the Pacific Islands. In Brazil, the genus is represented by 14 species that mainly occur in the Cerrado and five species that are endemic to the Caatinga domain. During field expeditions to the Lajedo de Soledade archaeological site, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, a new species of Pectis was found on rocky outcrops (lajedos) in the Caatinga. Pectis loiolae sp. nov. grows on limestone rocks in sedimentary substrate and is recognized by its prostrate habit with ascending branches terminating in a solitary capitulum, apex of the involucral bracts rounded, apiculate, and green becoming vinaceous in the apical 1/3, corolla of ray flowers (5) with abaxial surface vinaceous and adaxial white, disk flowers 8–10, and presence of stylopodium in the disk flowers. A morphological description, illustration, distribution map, habitat, conservation status, and a key for all Brazilian Pectis species are presented herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anisopappus (Asteraceae: Athroismeae) is a genus with its main distribution in Africa (one species also in Asia), currently considered to include around 21 species. A molecular phylogenetic study of Anisopappus is presented for the first time, based on plastid (ndhF, trnL‐trnF, trnQ‐rps16) and nuclear (ETS, ITS) data. Anisopappus is confirmed to be monophyletic, and species interrelationships are resolved. The results differ from earlier treatments based on morphology, and the phylogenetic analyses reveal a need for changes in species circumscriptions as compared to those of the most recent treatment. Consequently, many taxa currently treated as synonyms are here shown to represent separate species indicating that the genus includes well over 40 species. Distribution patterns now emerge where several clades are found to consist of species restricted to a particular geographical region. The Anisopappus of Madagascar, many of which were earlier placed in synonymy with species found on the African continent, are here shown to be endemic, and the results reveal a need for further studies of that group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new lignan, named sieverlignan C (1), as well as nine known compounds (2–10), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Artemisia sieversiana. The structure of the new lignan was elucidated from detailed spectroscopic analysis, including HR-MS, NMR, and circular dichroism experiments. All the compounds were isolated from the A. sieversiana plant for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various attributes are hypothesized to facilitate the dominance of an invasive species in non-native geographical and ecological regimes. To explore the characteristic invasive attributes of the family Asteraceae, a comparative study was conducted among nine species of this family, co-occurring in the western Himalayan region. Based on their nativity and invasion status, the species were categorized as "Invasive", "Naturalized", and "Native". Fifteen plant functional traits, strongly linked with invasion, were examined in the test species. The analyses revealed a strong dissimilarity between all the plant functional traits (except leaf carbon [Leaf C]) represented by "Invasive" and "Native" categories and most of the traits (except leaf area [LA], leaf nitrogen [Leaf N], Leaf C, and leaf carbon-nitrogen ratio [C: N]) represented by the "Naturalized" and "Native" categories. Similarly, "Invasive" and "Naturalized" categories also varied significantly for most of the traits (except Leaf N, Leaf C, capitula per m² population [C m² ], seeds per capitula [S capitula ], and seed mass). Invasive species are characterized by high LA, specific leaf area [SLA] and germination, and low C:N and leaf construction costs [LCC]. Most of the traits represented by native species justify their non-invasive behavior; whereas the naturalized species, despite having better size metrics (plant height), resource investment strategy (aboveground non-reproductive biomass [BNR], and aboveground reproductive biomass [BR]), and reproductive output (capitula per individual plant [C plant ], and seeds per individual plant [S plant ]) failed to invade, which implies that the role of these functional aspects in imparting invasion potential to a species is not consistent in all the ecosystems and/or phylogenetic groups. Results of PCA revealed that trait divergence plays a more imperative role in invasion success than naturalization in the species of the family Asteraceae. The present study is intended to refine the pre-generalized invasion concepts associated with family Asteraceae to ensure more accurate identification of the potential invaders and better management of the existing ones., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

We present a reference genome for the federally endangered Gaviota tarplant, Deinandra increscens subsp. villosa (Madiinae, Asteraceae), an annual herb endemic to the Central California coast. Generating PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore Technologies, and Dovetail Omni-C data, we assembled a haploid consensus genome of 1.67 Gb as 28.7 K scaffolds with a scaffold N50 of 74.9 Mb. We annotated repeat content in 74.8% of the genome. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) covered 44.0% of the genome with Copia families predominant at 22.9% followed by Gypsy at 14.2%. Both Gypsy and Copia elements were common in ancestral peaks of LTRs, and the most abundant element was a Gypsy element containing nested Copia/Angela sequence similarity, reflecting a complex evolutionary history of repeat activity. Gene annotation produced 33,257 genes and 68,942 transcripts, of which 99% were functionally annotated. BUSCO scores for the annotated proteins were 96.0% complete of which 77.6% was single copy and 18.4% duplicates. Whole genome duplication synonymous mutation rates of Gaviota tarplant and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) shared peaks that correspond to the last Asteraceae polyploidization event and subsequent divergence from a common ancestor at ∼27 MYA. Regions of high-density tandem genes were identified, pointing to potentially important loci of environmental adaptation in this species., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The author(s) declare no conflicts of interest., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Genetics Society of America.)

Aldama (Heliantheae, Asteraceae) is a diverse genus in the sunflower family. To date, nearly 200 Asteraceae chloroplast genomes have been sequenced, but the plastomes of Aldama remain undescribed. Plastomes in Asteraceae usually show little sequence divergence, consequently, our hypothesis is that species of Aldama will be overall conserved. In this study, we newly sequenced 36 plastomes of Aldama and of five species belonging to other Heliantheae genera selected as outgroups (i.e., Dimerostemma asperatum, Helianthus tuberosus, Iostephane heterophylla, Pappobolus lanatus var. lanatus, and Tithonia diversifolia). We analyzed the structure and gene content of the assembled plastomes and performed comparative analyses within Aldama and with other closely related genera. As expected, Aldama plastomes are very conserved, with the overall gene content and orientation being similar in all studied species. The length of the plastome is also consistent and the junction between regions usually contain the same genes and have similar lengths. A large ∼20 kb and a small ∼3 kb inversion were detected in the Large Single Copy (LSC) regions of all assembled plastomes, similarly to other Asteraceae species. The nucleotide diversity is very low, with only 1,509 variable sites in 127,466 bp (i.e., 1.18% of the sites in the alignment of 36 Aldama plastomes, with one of the IRs removed, is variable). Only one gene, rbcL, shows signatures of positive selection. The plastomes of the selected outgroups feature a similar gene content and structure compared to Aldama and also present the two inversions in the LSC region. Deletions of different lengths were observed in the gene ycf2. Multiple SSRs were identified for the sequenced Aldama and outgroups. The phylogenetic analysis shows that Aldama is not monophyletic due to the position of the Mexican species A. dentata. All Brazilian species form a strongly supported clade. Our results bring new understandings into the evolution and diversity of plastomes at the species level.

Resumo Verbesina é um gênero americano de cerca de 300 espécies com maior diversidade no México e Andes. É constituído por representantes subarbustivos a arbóreos, de filotaxia alterna a oposta, lâminas inteiras, pinatifidas a pinatipartidas, capitulescência corimboide, capítulos discoides ou radiados e cipselas aladas e aristadas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram realizar o levantamento das espécies brasileiras de Verbesina, avaliar caracteres úteis para diferenciá-las e as suas circunscrições morfológicas e contribuir para o conhecimento das mesmas através da apresentação de descrições, ilustrações, chave de identificação e comentários taxonômicos e ecológicos. O levantamento a campo e o estudo de espécimes de herbário permitiu o reconhecimento de nove espécies para o Brasil, com ocorrência em todo o país, exceto a região Norte, em ambientes de matas ciliares e de altitude.Cinco das nove espécies de Verbesina (V. baccharifolia, V. bipinnatifida, V. floribunda, V. luetzelburgii e V. nicotianifolia) são exclusivas do Brasil, sendo V. baccharifolia e V. luetzelburgii endêmicas da Bahia. Verbesina bipinnatifida é registrada pela primeira vez para o Espírito Santo e V. subdiscoidea para o Mato Grosso do Sul.

Resumo Moquiniastrum, originalmente descrito por Cabrera como uma seção de Gochnatia, após análises moleculares e morfológicas mais detalhadas foi elevado à categoria de gênero. Moquiniastrum diferencia-se de Gochnatia pela presença de ginodioicia, indumento de tricomas com 2-5-raios e capitulescências paniculiformes. Atualmente é constituído por 21 espécies, distribuídas principalmente no Brasil. Pouco se conhece sobre a taxonomia do gênero Moquiniastrum e ainda há escassez de estudos sobre o arranjo sexual das flores no capítulo, necessitando de análises aprofundadas destas estruturas. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo taxonômico de Moquiniastrum na Região Sul do Brasil, além de avaliar e enquadrar os táxons em categorias de ameaça de extinção. Este estudo foi realizado através de revisões de herbários e expedições de campo nos três estados da Região Sul do Brasil. Foram encontradas 10 espécies de Moquiniastrum, além de três subespécies de M. polymorphum. São fornecidos chave de identificação para os táxons confirmados, descrições morfológicas, comentários sobre habitats, conservação e períodos de floração e de frutificação das espécies, além de observações taxonômicas e imagens.

Se examina el género Conyza para entender mejor la diversidad infragenérica en el NE de España, principalmente en Cataluña. Cada taxon se trata con una breve descripción y comentarios, además se ha elaborado una clave dicótoma que incluye tanto las especies presentes actualmente como las presuntamente desaparecidas. Se reconocen dos táxones infraespecíficos poco conocidos: C. Canadensis var. glabrata y C. Bonariensis var. angustifolia, además de analizar la identidad y el estatus de otros táxones a veces citados.

Schultz “Bipontinus” (1805-1867) described, in the Histoire Naturelle des Îles Canaries published by Webb and Berthelot in 1849, several forms of the Andryala pinnatifida complex, endemic to the Canary Islands, based on plant material collected by E. Bourgeau and P. B. Webb. In order to facilitate a forthcoming taxonomic revision of this species complex, some of the names established by Schultz “Bipontinus” are here lectotypified based on protologue analysis and the examination of original material located at P and FI-W herbaria.

Este estudio incluye una revisión taxonómica basada en características exomorfológicas del genero Baccharis (Compositae) que crecen en forma espontanea en la provincia de La Pampa (Argentina). Fueron identificadas 23 especies. Se adjunta una clave para diferenciar fácilmente los taxa. No se han encontrado nuevos taxa pero se citan por primera vez 6 especies (Baccharis medullosa, B. cordobensis, B. neaei, B. spicata, B. triangularis and B. tridentata) y una variedad (B. rufescens var. subrufescens)

Introducción y objetivos: Actualmente numerosas especies, nativas y exóticas, llamadas “cardos” están ampliamente distribuidas en Argentina. Durante el siglo XVIII varias publicaciones jesuíticas mencionaron “cardos” en este país, como el trabajo ilustrado de Florián Paucke. El objetivo principal del trabajo es recopilar, de las fuentes escritas del siglo XVIII, los registros de plantas denominadas como “cardos” o nombres similares; en segundo lugar, identificar a nivel de especie las entidades mencionadas por Paucke como “azafrán”, “cardo” y “cardo hortense”; y finalmente, discutir las implicancias etnobotánicas. M&M: El área de estudio incluyó Argentina desde el sur de la región Pampeana a la región Chaqueña. Se analizó bibliografía, evidencias históricas de los siglos XVIII del área de estudio, materiales de herbario y su morfología, y se efectuaron viajes de campo. Resultados: Las entidades “azafrán alazor”, “azafrán de Indias” o “azafrán paracuario” de Paucke se identificaron como Carthamus tinctorius (“cártamo”, Compositae), y “cardo” y “cardo hortense” como Cynara cardunculus (Compositae), asociadas a las variedades sylvestris (“cardo de Castilla”) y scolymus (“alcaucil”) respectivamente. El “cardo santo” nombrado por Pedro de Montenegro se asoció a Argemone subfusiformis (Papaveraceae). Se registraron 12 nuevos usos medicinales y alimenticios de los aborígenes moqoit del Chaco de Argentina. Conclusiones: Los “cardos” identificados, nativos e introducidos, fueron utilizados con fines medicinales y alimenticios durante el período colonial, e incorporados en las reducciones aborígenes por misioneros jesuitas. Carthamus tinctorius y Cynara cardunculus posiblemente hayan sido introducidos para ser utilizadas en huertos y posteriormente hayan escapado de las áreas de cultivo.

Resumo A tribo Eupatorieae apresenta ca. 2.200 espécies, agrupadas em 182 gêneros e 19 subtribos. No Brasil, a tribo destaca-se por apresentar o maior número de gêneros (86) e espécies (615) nas diversas fitofisionomias do país. O gênero Mikania, considerado um dos mais naturais e complexos da Tribo Eupatorieae, pertence à subtribo Mikaniinae e apresenta ca. 450 espécies com distribuição principalmente neotropical. No Brasil, o gênero está representado por 203 espécies, sendo 142 consideradas endêmicas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento florístico e o estudo taxonômico das espécies do gênero Mikania (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae) na Bahia. Foram realizadas coletas em diversos municípios do estado, além de visitas a importantes herbários nacionais para o grupo (ALCB, CEPEC, HUEFS, HRB, RB, R, SPF, SP). Dos 53 nomes antes registrados para a Bahia, 14 foram excluídos e 7 novas ocorrências foram acrescentadas, totalizando 46 espécies. Apresentamos aqui uma chave de identificação, descrições de todas as espécies, além de comentários taxonômicos, biológicos e de distribuição geográfica.

Se registran 203 taxones correspondientes a 194 especies y 9 taxones subespecificos, 93 géneros, 13 tribus y 2 subfamillas. Se Incluyen claves para la identificaci6n de las subfamiIias, de las tribus, de los géneros y de las especies, subspecies y variedades de cada género. De cada taxón se da el nombre válido, los principales sin6nimos y los nombres vulgares; se incluyen las fichas bibliográficas de las primeras citas para nuestra provincia (referencias), la iconografía, la distribuci6n y la difusi6n en La Pampa y se cita un ejemplar de herbario. Se adjunta un cuadro resumen con informaci6n sobre origen, endemismos, número de tribus, géneros, especies y taxones nativos y adventicios.