907 results on '"colonias"'
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202. Walking towards independence: an analysis of the causes of the independence of the United States
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Martín García, Andrea, Rodríguez Guerrero-Strachan, Santiago, Universidad de Valladolid. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Martín García, Andrea, Rodríguez Guerrero-Strachan, Santiago, and Universidad de Valladolid. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
- Abstract
In order to understand the creation of United States, this last-year dissertation is going to deal with the most significant causes that led American colonizers to search for independence. For this, the History of United States since Colonization until the Declaration of Independence will be analyzed. Furthermore, four texts written during the American Revolution will be analyzed with the object of showing the point of view of the people who lived under these circumstances., Este trabajo de fin de grado trata de esclarecer las causas principales que llevaron a los americanos a crear una nueva nación independiente. Para ello, será necesario volver la vista al pasado y analizar la historia de Estados Unidos desde la Colonización hasta la Declaración de Independencia. Además, cuatro textos escritos durante esta época serán analizados con el objeto de ilustrar el punto de vista de aquellas personas que vivieron la Revolución Americana., Departamento de Filología Inglesa, Grado en Estudios Ingleses
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- 2017
203. STUCKI, Andreas, Las guerras de Cuba. Violencia y campos de concentración (1868-1898), Madrid, La Esfera de los Libros, 2017, 413 pp.
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Viveiro Mogo, Prudencio and Viveiro Mogo, Prudencio
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- 2017
204. Os registos de degredados da Direcção Geral do Ultramar
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Henrique, Sónia Pereira
- Subjects
degredo ,colónias ,exile ,colonies ,Direção Geral do Ultramar - Abstract
Was responsibility of Direção Geral do Ultramar the administration of the Portuguese colonial matters. Established within the jurisdiction of the Secretary of State for the Navy and the Overseas it had during its term several moments of specialization and reform, being the one led by the Minister Rebelo da Silva determinant at various levels. Until then, there hadn’t been a remodelling action that contemplated all the existing structures, but also by the implementation of new measures in the Portuguese colonial administration such as the creation of penal colonies to fulfil the penalty of exile. With this measure the Direção Geral do Ultramar became responsible to centralize the registry of exile. Through the analysis of the documentation in historical archive this article intends to explore the records of exile from 1870 to 1910 analysing its associated documentary circuit., Coube à Direcção Geral do Ultramar enquanto parte da Secretaria de Estado da Marinha e do Ultramar a administração dos negócios do ultramar. Conheceu, durante a sua vigência, vários momentos de especialização e reforma sendo a protagonizada pelo Ministro Rebelo da Silva determinante a vários níveis. Até então não se tinha verificado na administração colonial portuguesa uma ação remodeladora tão vasta implementando, inclusive, medidas inéditas como a criação de colónias penais no ultramar para cumprimento de pena de degredo. Com esta adição tornou-se responsabilidade da Direcção Geral do Ultramar o registo central de degredados. Através da análise da documentação em arquivo histórico pretende este artigo explorar os registos de degredados, no período compreendido entre 1870-1910, analisando o circuito documental associado.  
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
205. Augusto y las colonias de la Hispania meridional
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Cristóbal González Román
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Archeology ,History ,Hispania ,Colonias ,Ciudades ,Colonialism ,Colonies ,Geography ,Work (electrical) ,Ethnology ,Augusto, Emperador de Roma ,Cities ,Classics ,Cartography - Abstract
La fundación de colonias por Augusto se llevo a cabo tanto en Italia como en las provincias. El número de colonias romanas conocidas en el sur de Hispania es excepcional. En el presente trabajo procedemos a realizar un estado de la cuestión sobre aspectos fundamentales de las mismas tales como su adscripción fundacional y la composición de sus colonos., Augustus’ colonial foundations took place both in Italy and the provinces. The number of known Roman colonies in southern Spain is outstanding. In the current work, we review the main aspects of these colonies such as their foundational adscription and the settlers who compose them.
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
206. El Dios negro de los hombres blancos. Sobre las raíces del autoritarismo
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Brandimonte, G.
- Subjects
Esquipulas, Guatemala, Dios negro, poder religioso, poder político, colonias ,colonias ,poder político ,Dios negro ,Esquipulas ,Guatemala ,poder religioso - Published
- 2017
207. Brasil, colônia no século XXI/Rafael Sales Pimenta ; orientador: Leonardo Nemer Caldeira Brant ; coorientador: Bruno Wanderley Junior
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Pimenta, Rafael Sales, Brant, Leonardo Nemer Caldeira,1966- Orientador, Wanderley Júnior, Bruno Coorientador, and Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Instituição
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Pluralismo cultural ,Percepção ,Identidade ,Corrupção ,Colônias ,981.03 - Abstract
Tese (doutorado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito. Bibliografia: f. 142-149. É preciso ver o mundo de outro lugar, que não seja o lugar comum de vê-lo da ótica dos países do norte. Recusar-se à dimensão eurocêntrica, capitalista exploratória, pretensamente detentora dos melhores conceitos de democracia, liberdade, diversidade, direitos humanos, onde só o lucro importa. Pretender descobrir o mundo do seu lugar no mundo. Recusar-se a uma visão pré-concebida, imposta e tida como a única alternativa para os países do sul, que é a de servir secularmente os países do norte. Para isso, perceber seu lugar de origem, cultura, interesses econômicos, sociais e projeções de interesses futuros, deve ser tentado. Olhar o mundo a partir do sul é definir, deste ponto de observação, seus parceiros internacionais a partir da apropriação de sua identidade integral, numa postura de rompimento com a colonialidade e corrupção até então impostas pelos países do norte. As relações internacionais têm experimentado aprofundamento do conflito entre Estados ocidentais, orientais e islâmicos, reintroduzindo a questão religiosa no centro da atenção junto à complexa relação norte-sul que ganha importância ante o recrudescimento das relações civilizacionais no início deste século. Deve-se perceber a importância das relações norte-sul como uma nova leitura da política internacional, não entre explorados e exploradores, mas entre parceiros multilaterais. Os países do norte devem rever sua desatenção com os países do sul na busca por direitos humanos iguais para todos os povos do mundo. É preciso apontar a necessidade dos países do sul se verem e se reconhecerem como povos soberanos em direitos e cidadania e que somente a partir desta percepção poderão obrigar os países do norte a vê-los como povos do mundo livre, inaugurando novas relações internacionais livres do jugo e do jogo do capitalismo que tanto atraso tem perpetrado aos povos do mundo. Para permitir esta mudança de posição, debate-se através da pesquisa bibliográfica confirmatória a maneira como os povos do sul, inclusive o Brasil, centro de atenção deste trabalho, devem agir na percepção de seu papel de subalternidade aos países do norte nesses 500 anos. Devem percebê-lo olhando para si mesmos, vendo-se e buscando reconhecer-se, num reconhecimento em amplas dimensões. Nas dimensões cultural, étnica, de gênero, econômica, política, social em toda sua diversidade dentro da sociedade e do povo. Somente o reconhecimento das dimensões de identidade de cada povo e cada segmento social pode permitir sua própria identificação nos contornos históricos e possibilitar projeções das novas metas e planos a serem alcançados de modo independente e autônomo no futuro. A percepção da identidade, do modo mais integral possível, de um povo é condição para que se perceba no mundo em toda sua extensão e potencialidade. Numa mudança espetacular de atitude, rompendo com a colonialidade que se instalou por séculos nos países do sul, sustentada pela profunda corrupção, alienadora de suas reais possibilidades de assunção de seu papel no mundo. Para que, então, reconhecendo-se como povo dono de sua autonomia e cidadania soberana, possa fazer uso dos recursos naturais em benefício de toda coletividade e deixar de ser colônia dos países do norte. Palavras-chave: Colônia. Corrupção. Colonialidade. Diversidade. Cultura. Identidade integral. It is necessary to see the world from another place, not the common place from the perspective of the North countries. Refusing to take a Eurocentric, exploratory capitalist dimension, allegedly holding the best concepts of democracy, freedom, diversity, human rights, where profit is the only thing that matters. Is intended to discover the world from your place in it. Refuse a preconceived vision, imposed and taken as the only alternative for the South countries, which is to serve the North countries for centuries. For this, realizing your place of origin, culture, economic and social interests and projections of future interests should be attempted. Look at the southern world is to define, from this point of view, its international partners from the appropriation of its integral identity, in a posture of rupture with the coloniality and the corruption imposed until now by the northern countries. International relations have experienced a deepening of conflict between Western, Eastern and Islamic states, reintroducing the religious question in the center of attention to the complex north-south relationship that gains importance in the face of the upsurge of civilizational relations at the beginning of this century. However, we must realize the importance of North-South relations as a new reading of international politics, not between exploited and explorers, but between multilateral partners. Northern countries should review their inattention with the southern countries in the search for equal human rights for all people. It is necessary to point out the need of the South countries to see and recognize themselves as sovereign people in rights and citizenship, only from this perception can they force the North countries to see them as people of the free world, inaugurating new international relation between people free from the command and scheme of capitalism that so much delay has caused for several people. In order for this change of position to be possible, it is debated through confirmatory bibliographical research the way the South people, including Brazil, focus of this work, must act in the perception of their role of subalternity to the North countries about 500years already. They should perceive it by looking, seeing and trying to recognize themselves, a broad dimension recognition. In the cultural, ethnic, gender, economic, political, and social dimensions in all their diversity inside society and people. Only self-recognition of the identity dimensions of each people and social segment can allow their self-identification in their historical contours and enable the projections of the new goals and plans to be achieved independently and autonomously in the future. The perception of identity, in the most integral way possible, for a people is a condition to be perceived in the world in all its extension and potentialities. In a spectacular change of attitude, breaking with the coloniality that has settled for centuries in South countries, sustained by the profound corruption, alienating real possibilities of assuming their role in the world. So that, recognizing itself as a people with autonomy and sovereign citizenship, can make use of its natural resources for the benefit of the whole community and cease to be a colony of the North countries. Keywords: Cologne. Corruption. Coloniality. Diversity. Culture. Integral identity.
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- 2017
208. The exile registry of the Direção Geral do Ultramar
- Author
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Sónia Isabel Duarte Pereira Henrique and Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC)
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Conservation ,Library and Information Sciences ,Colonialism ,lcsh:D1-2009 ,Colonies ,Degredo ,colónias ,State (polity) ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,Direção Geral do Ultramar ,050207 economics ,Colónias ,media_common ,degredo ,lcsh:DP501-900.22 ,050208 finance ,Jurisdiction ,Colonial administration ,Direcao Geral do Ultramar ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:History (General) ,language.human_language ,Navy ,Exile ,language ,lcsh:History of Portugal ,Portuguese ,Humanities ,Administration (government) - Abstract
UID/HIS/04209/2013 Coube à Direção Geral do Ultramar enquanto parte da Secretaria de Estado da Marinha e do Ultramar a administração dos negócios do ultramar. Conheceu, durante a sua vigência, vários momentos de especialização e reforma sendo a protagonizada pelo Ministro Rebelo da Silva determinante a vários níveis. Até então não se tinha verificado na administração colonial portuguesa uma ação remodeladora tão vasta implementando, inclusive, medidas inéditas como a criação de colónias penais no ultramar para cumprimento de pena de degredo. Com esta adição tornou-se responsabilidade da Direção Geral do Ultramar o registo central de degredados. Através da análise da documentação em arquivo histórico pretende este artigo explorar os registos de degredados, no período compreendido entre 1870 - 1910, analisando o circuito documental associado. Was responsibility of Direcao Geral do Ultramar the administration of the Portuguese colonial matters. Established within the jurisdiction of the Secretary of State for the Navy and the Overseas it had during its term several moments of specialization and reform, being the one led by the Minister Rebelo da Silva determinant at various levels. Until then, there hadn't been a remodelling action that contemplated all the existing structures, but also by the implementation of new measures in the Portuguese colonial administration such as the creation of penal colonies to fulfil the penalty of exile. With this measure the Direcao Geral do Ultramar became responsible to centralize the registry of exile. Through the analysis of the documentation in historical archive this article intends to explore the records of exile from 1870 to 1910 analysing its associated documentary circuit. publishersversion published
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- 2017
209. Blackface : Otelo nas faces de Orson Welles e Laurence Olivier
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Sena, Thaís Lima e, Galery, Maria Clara Versiani, Muniz, Kassandra da Silva, and Oliveira, Natália Fontes de
- Subjects
Willian Shakespeare ,Raças ,Blackface ,Othello 1604 ,Colônias - Abstract
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Departamento de Letras, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, uma das grandes tragédias de Willian Shakespeare, foi encenada pela primeira vez em 1604. Do mesmo modo que Shakespeare bebeu de várias fontes para escrever sua obra, as peças são alvo das mais variadas formas de adaptação. As questões abordadas pelo dramaturgo na peça Otelo e os motivos que o levaram a abordá-las tornam-se claros no momento em que entendemos o contexto social e cultural em que ele estava inserido. A obra de Shakespeare passa a ser disseminadora de significados culturais a partir de sua produção e, posteriormente, através de suas adaptações em outros tempos em outras sociedades. A estrutura do nosso trabalho tem como foco central as questões raciais desenvolvidas por Shakespeare na peça Otelo a partir da caracterização do mouro. Ademais, é sabido que no teatro elisabetano o personagem Otelo era representado através da prática do blackface. Ou seja, um ator branco que se pintava de negro para desempenhar o papel do mouro. Assim sendo, observamos que a prática conhecida como blackface — termo que tomamos emprestado dos blackface minstrel shows americanos — na representação do personagem do mouro ocorre tanto nas encenações renascentistas da peça, quanto nas adaptações fílmicas que foram escolhidas para serem analisadas neste trabalho, a saber, o filme Othello de 1952, dirigido e estrelado por Orson Welles, e o de 1965, protagonizado por Laurence Olivier. O cerne de nossa pesquisa se concentra na análise do personagem Otelo a partir das formas de representação dele, o que implica nas construções do negro no meio social. Assim sendo, examinaremos como essas representações do personagem foram elaboradas dentro do contexto histórico de cada adaptação tendo em vista a prática do blackface. The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, one of William Shakespeare's great tragedies, was performed for the first time in 1604. In the same way that Shakespeare drew from various sources to write his work, the plays are targets of the most varied forms of adaptation. The issues addressed by the playwright in the play Othello and the reasons that led him to address them become clear when we understand the social and cultural context in which he was immersed. Shakespeare's work ends up being a disseminator of cultural meanings based on its production and, subsequently, undergoes its adaptations in other times in other societies. The structure of this work has as its main focus racial issues addressed by Shakespeare in the play Othello based on the characterization of the Moor. Moreover, it is known that in Elizabethan theatre the character Othello was performed with the practice of blackface. In other words, a white actor that would paint himself black, to play the role of the Moor. Thus, we observe that the practice known as blackface — a term that we borrow from the American blackface minstrel shows — in playing the role of the Moor, occurs as much in Renaissance enactments of the play, as in the film adaptations which were chosen to be analyzed in this paper, namely, the film Othello from 1952, directed and performed by Orson Welles, and the 1965 film performed by Laurence Olivier. The core of our research focuses on the analysis of the character Othello based on how he is performed, which implicates how black people are perceived in society. Therefore, we will examine how these representations of the character were drawn up within the historical context of each adaptation bearing in mind the practice of blackface.
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- 2017
210. Os recursos didáticos no ensino da história : um estudo de caso
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Arede, Ivone Paula Costa, 1988 and Monteiro, Miguel Maria Santos Correia, 1951
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Ciências Sociais::Ciências da Educação [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Relatórios da prática de ensino supervisionada - 2017 ,Recursos educativos ,Colónias ,História - Estudo e ensino - Abstract
Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de História no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2017 Submitted by Biblioteca FPIE-ULisboa (bibliorul@fpie.ulisboa.pt) on 2018-06-22T15:40:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ulfpie052243_tm.pdf: 6011643 bytes, checksum: f447b6c474e65020eb8b442ba25d34c7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-22T15:40:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ulfpie052243_tm.pdf: 6011643 bytes, checksum: f447b6c474e65020eb8b442ba25d34c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017
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- 2017
211. The exile registry of the Direção Geral do Ultramar
- Author
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Henrique, Sónia and Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC)
- Subjects
degredo ,colónias ,exile ,colonies ,Direção Geral do Ultramar - Abstract
UID/HIS/04209/2013 Coube à Direção Geral do Ultramar enquanto parte da Secretaria de Estado da Marinha e do Ultramar a administração dos negócios do ultramar. Conheceu, durante a sua vigência, vários momentos de especialização e reforma sendo a protagonizada pelo Ministro Rebelo da Silva determinante a vários níveis. Até então não se tinha verificado na administração colonial portuguesa uma ação remodeladora tão vasta implementando, inclusive, medidas inéditas como a criação de colónias penais no ultramar para cumprimento de pena de degredo. Com esta adição tornou-se responsabilidade da Direção Geral do Ultramar o registo central de degredados. Através da análise da documentação em arquivo histórico pretende este artigo explorar os registos de degredados, no período compreendido entre 1870 - 1910, analisando o circuito documental associado. Was responsibility of Direção Geral do Ultramar the administration of the Portuguese colonial matters. Established within the jurisdiction of the Secretary of State for the Navy and the Overseas it had during its term several moments of specialization and reform, being the one led by the Minister Rebelo da Silva determinant at various levels. Until then, there hadn’t been a remodelling action that contemplated all the existing structures, but also by the implementation of new measures in the Portuguese colonial administration such as the creation of penal colonies to fulfil the penalty of exile. With this measure the Direção Geral do Ultramar became responsible to centralize the registry of exile. Through the analysis of the documentation in historical archive this article intends to explore the records of exile from 1870 to 1910 analysing its associated documentary circuit. publishersversion published
- Published
- 2017
212. Encroachment, violence and negotiation : economic, social and political relations between african pastoralist populations and portuguese colonial society in Southwestern Angola
- Author
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Rafael Coca de Campos, Thomaz, Omar Ribeiro, 1965, Marques, Diego Ferreira, Santos, Patricia Teixeira, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
- Subjects
Kuvale (African people) - History ,Livestock ,African - History ,Genocídio ,Pecuária ,Genocide ,Colônias ,Kuvale (Povo africano) - História ,África - História - Abstract
Orientador: Omar Ribeiro Thomaz Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar e compreender quais foram as estratégias e os interesses das populações pastoris do Sudoeste angolano face às tentativas de sujeição normativa e objetiva dos africanos durante o período de vigência da legislação indígena conhecida como Indigenato, entre 1926- 1961. A exiguidade dos recursos naturais e econômicos da região do Sudoeste angolano fez com que, desde pelo menos a metade do século XIX, o gado das populações nativas fosse motivo de interesse crescente por parte da sociedade colonial portuguesa. Após os prejuízos causados àquelas populações por guerras movidas pelas autoridades portuguesas entre 1890 e 1926, bem como em decorrência da crise econômica vivida por Portugal em finais da década de 1920, acentua-se a demanda de mão-de-obra africana barata para empreendimentos públicos e privados. Por outro lado, as manadas e a pastorícia nativas passam a ser alvo de uma política de racionalização por parte de técnicos e funcionários administrativos. Face a este contexto, a historiografia tem assumido que, de fato, os africanos teriam se convertido em dóceis reservatórios de mão-de-obra, incapazes de impor seus interesses. Contrapondo-se a esta análise, o estudo ora proposto explora uma documentação de natureza diversa- etnografias, relatórios militares, administrativos, artigos técnicos sobre veterinária, pecuária, legislação- a partir da qual se pode perceber a importância do papel desempenhado pelos africanos na configuração política, social e econômica do Sudoeste angolano no período assinalado. Ademais, ambicionamos suprir a escassez de estudos sobre fenômenos altamente significativos e complexos como o genocídio movido, entre 1940 e 1941, pelos portugueses contra os kuvales Abstract: This work seek to analyze and understand which were the strategies and interests of the pastoralist populations who lived in Southwest Angola in face of the attempts of the portuguese colonial administration to subject the africans to the colonial rule during the period of validity of the indigenous legislation known as Indigenato, between 1926 and 1961. The scarcity of natural and economic resources of the Southwest region Angolan resulted in a growing interest in the native cattle by the portuguese colonial society . After the damage caused to those populations by wars driven by the Portuguese authorities between 1890 and 1926 , as well as a result of the economic crisis experienced by Portugal in the late 1920s , the demand for cheap african labor to public and private enterprises became more pronounced. On the other hand, the native herds and the pastoralist production system became target of policies of rationalization driven by livestock and veterinary technicians. Against this background , the historiography has assumed that, in fact , Africans have been converted into docile reservoirs of labor force who were unable to impose their interests . Opposed to this analysis , the study proposed here will explore a documentation of varied nature - ethnographies , military and administrative reports , technical articles on veterinary and livestock, legislation, and so on - through which we can see the importance of the role played by Africans in political, social and economic configuration of Southwest Angola in the period noted . Furthermore , we aim to supply the lack of studies on phenomena highly significant and complex as the genocide of the kuvale population between 1940 and 1941 Mestrado História Social Mestre em História CAPES FAPESP 2014/22194-4
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- 2017
213. Socially embedded and sustained point-of-use disinfection : enhancing silver nanoparticle enabled ceramic water filters with a Navajo pottery technique
- Author
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Rowles III, Lewis Stetson
- Subjects
- Water treatment, Disinfection, Off-the-grid communities, Ceramic water filters, Silver nanoparticles, Rosin, Colonias, Oaxaca, Mexico, Unincorporated communities, Structural equation modeling, Linear mixed effects
- Abstract
For the nearly 800 million people that lack access to safe drinking water, point-of-use water treatment systems are a common solution to help provide potable water. Despite the availability of numerous treatment devices, failure at the implementation stage is common, mostly due to an oversight of the target community’s needs and thereby creating barriers for adoption. A classic example of communities with barriers against outside influence is the Navajo Nation, which also has extensive water contamination. Developing a water treatment solution for the Navajos thus has to consider community sentiment and empower the solution with local materials or century-old practices, which can possibly overcome such barriers and facilitate long-term adoption. This two-pronged dissertation centers around socially-aware water treatment. The first part is community-engaged research, aimed at identifying social drivers that underlie a community’s relationship with water and assessing the need for water treatment technologies. A qualitative study on water in indigenous communities in Mexico helped to identify the diverse drivers relating to water use. This aspect was further developed utilizing structural equation modeling to quantitatively link factors relating to water in the colonias in the United States. A systematic study on water quality in these unincorporated communities was also completed. The development of a socially-aware technology is the connecting link between the community-engaged research and the scientific laboratory research, which focuses the design of a socially appropriate nano-enabled ceramic device for disinfection. A natural polymer, Navajo pottery glaze of pinyon resin, was utilized to apply silver nanoparticles to ceramic water filters. The use of this material may help to facilitate adoption while rendering needed technological advancement to these widely used water treatment devices. Results show that embedding silver nanoparticles onto ceramic with this polymer allows for sustained dissolution of ionic silver in a range of waters and serves as a barrier to passivation from sulfide and chloride. The polymer was also found to control biofouling and to be toxic against Gram-positive bacteria. Overall, the community-engaged research provides valuable insight on understudied communities through innovative statistical methods, and the scientific research is one of the first to integrate traditional Native knowledge with novel materials engineering.
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- 2020
214. Métodos económicos para la cuantificación de microorganismos
- Author
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Muñoz-Rojas, Jesús, Morales-García, Yolanda Elizabeth, Baez-Rogelio, Antonino, Quintero-Hernández, Verónica, Rivera-Urbalejo, América Paulina, and Pérez y Terrón, Rocío
- Subjects
Cuantificación de microorganismos ,Plaqueo ,Goteo en Placa ,Colonias ,GSPM ,crecimiento de microorganismos - Abstract
Resumen. La cuantificación de microorganismos es fundamental para entender como estos seres diminutos interaccionan con sus hospederos y en los ambientes donde se desarrollan. Para la química clínica la cuantificación de microorganismos es muy importante para conocer el grado de infección de un microorganismo, sin embargo, no se llevan a cabo como prueba de rutina debido al tiempo que los métodos consumen. En estudios de Ecología Microbiana también es importante conocer el número de microorganismos que se asocian con distintos hospederos, conocer sus dinámicas de población, así como, determinar el número de microorganismos que están colonizando un ambiente. Hay diversas formas para cuantificar a los microorganismos, muchos de ellos muy modernos y requieren de equipo especializado que está fuera del alcance de las posibilidades económicas de laboratorios de diagnóstico e incluso de laboratorios de investigación de Universidades Públicas promedio de México, América Latina y laboratorios modestos de otras partes del mundo. Sin embargo, hay métodos económicos y sencillos, con ventajas y desventajas, que podrían implementarse aún en laboratorios de escasos recursos, pero que darían resultados tan precisos como los métodos modernos. En este capítulo se describirán algunos de los métodos económicos para la cuantificación de microorganismos cultivables y algunos ejemplos., {"references":["Amann R.I., W. Ludwig, K.-H. Schleifer, Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation, Microbiological Reviews 59 (1995), 143-169.","Baena-Ruano S., C. Jiménez-Ot, I.M. Santos-Dueñas, D. Cantero-Moreno, F. Barja, I. García-García, Rapid method for total, viable and non-viable acetic acid bacteria determination during acetification process, Process Biochemistry 41 (2006), 1160–1164.","Baranyi J., C. Pin, Estimating bacterial growth parameters by means of detection times, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65 (1999), 732–736.","Bashan Y., H. Levanony, An improved selection technique and médium for the isolation and enumeration of Azospirillum brasilense, Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31 (1985), 947–952.","Bouvier T., P.A. del Giorgio, Factors influencing the detection of bacterial cells using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): a quantitative review of published reports, FEMS Microbiology Ecology 44 (2003), 3–15.","Cavalcante V.A., J. Döbereiner, A new acid-tolerant nitrogen fixing bacterium associated with sugarcane. Plant and Soil, 108 (1988), 23–31.","Chen C. Y., G.W. Nace, P.L. 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Mackenzie, The accuracy of the plating method of estimating the density of bacterial populations, Annals of Applied Biology 9 (1922), 325–359.","Flores-Alfaro E., I. Parra-Rojas, A. Jiménez-Acevedo, G. Fernández-Tilapa, Pruebas presuntivas del análisis de orina en el diagnóstico de infección en vías urinarias entre diabéticos tipo 2, Salud Pública de México 47 (2005), 376–380.","Galindo J., N. González, D. Delgado, A. Sosa, Y. Marrero, R. González, A.I. Aldana, O. Moreira, Efecto modulador de Leucaena leucocephala sobre la microbiota ruminal, Zootecnia Tropical 26 (2008), 249–252.","González A., N. Hierro, M. Poblet, A. Mas, J.M. Guiallamón, Enumeration and detection of acetic bacteria by real-time PCR and nested PCR, FEMS Microbiology Letters 254 (2006), 123–128.","Herigstad B., M. Hamilton, J. Heersink, How optimize the drop plate method for enumerating bacteria, Journal of Microbiological Methods 44 (2001), 121–129.","Hoben H. J., P. Somasegaran, Comparison of the pour, spread, and drop plate methods for enumeration of Rhizobium spp. in inoculants made from presterilized peat, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 44 (1982), 1246–1247.","Jure M.A., S. Condori, G.A. Leota, I. Chinen, E. Miliwebsky, C. Allori, O. Aulet, M.C. del Castillo, Detección, aislamiento, y caracterización de Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga a partir de carne molida fresca proveniente de carnicerías de Concepción, provincia de Tucumán, Revista Argentina de Microbiología 42 (2010), 284–287.","Leyva-Madrigal K.Y., C.P. Larralde-Corona, M.A. Apodaca-Sánchez, F.R.Quiroz-Figueroa, P.A. Mexia- Bolaños, S. Portillo-Valenzuela, J. Ordaz-Ochoa, I.E. Maldonado-Mendoza, Fusarium species from the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex involved in mixed infections of maize in northern Sinaloa, Mexico, Journal of Phytopathology 163 (2015), 486–497.","Matsuki T., K. Watanabe, J. Fujimoto, T. Takada, R. Tanaka, Use of 16S rRNA gene-targeted group-specific primers for real-time PCR analysis of predominant bacteria in human feces, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70 (2004), 7220–7228.","Mercier J., S.E. Lindow, Role of leaf Surface sugars in colonization of plants by bacterial epiphytes, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66 (2000), 369–374.","Molina-Romero D., M.R. Bustillos-Cristales, O. Rodríguez-Andrade, Y.E. Morales-García, Y. Santiago- Saenz, M. Castañeda-Lucio, J. Muñoz-Rojas, Mecanismos de fitoestimulación por rizobacterias, aislamientos en América y potencial biotecnológico, Biológicas 17 (2015), 24–34.","Montañez J.L., J.C. Victoria, R. Flores, M.A. Vivar, Fermentación de los fructanos del Agave tequilana Weber azul por Zymomonas mobilis y Saccharomyces cerevisae en la producción de bioetanol, Información Tecnológica 22 (2011), 3–14.","Morales-García Y.E., D. Juárez-Hernández, C. Aragón-Hernández, M.A. Mascarua-Esparza, M.R. Bustillos- Cristales, L.E. Fuentes-Ramírez, R.D. Martínez-Contreras, J. Muñoz-Rojas, Growth response of maize plantlets inoculated with Enterobacter sp. as a model for alternative agricultura, Revista Argentina de Microbiología 43 (2011), 287–293.","Morales-García Y.E., J. de la Torre-Zuñiga, E. Duque, R. Pérez-y-Terrón, L. Martínez-Martínez, R. Martínez-Contreras, J. Muñoz-Rojas, Aspectos críticos a considerar para el aislamiento de bacterias benéficas. Saberes Compartidos, Revista de Investigación Científica, Tecnológica y Humanística 11 (2013), 54–62.","Morales-García Y.E., J. Hernández-Canseco, G. Ramos-Castillo, R. Pérez y Terron, J. Muñoz-Rojas, Cuantificación de Penicillium sp . por el método de goteo en placa, Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias 3 (2016), 12–19.","Muñoz-Rojas J., J. Caballero-Mellado, Population dynamics of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in sugarcane cultivars and its effect on plant growth, Microbial Ecology 46 (2003), 454–464.","Muñoz-Rojas J., L.E. Fuentes-Ramírez, J. Caballero-Mellado, Antagonism among Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strains in culture media and in association with sugarcane plants, FEMS Microbiology Ecology 54 (2005), 57–66.","Muñoz-Rojas J., P. Bernal, E. Duque, P. Godoy, A. Segura, J.L. Ramos, Involvement of cyclopropane fatty acids in the response of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to freeze-drying, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72 (2006), 472–477.","Okon Y., Azospirillum as a potential inoculant for agriculture, Trends in Biotechnology, 3 (1985), 223–228. Reis V.M., F.L. Olivares, J. Döbereiner, Improved methodology for isolation of Acetobacter diazotrophicus and confirmation of its endophytic habitat, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 10 (1994), 401–405.","Reis V.M., V.L.D. Baldani, J.I. Baldani, Isolation, Identification and biochemical characterization of Azospirillum spp. and other nitrogen-fixing bacteria, En: Handbook for Azospirillum, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland (2015), 3-26.","Reyes-Darías J.A., V. García, M. Rico-Jiménez, A. Corral-Lugo, O. Lesouhaitier, D. Juárez-Hernández, Y. Yang, S. Bi, M. Feuilloley, J. Muñoz-Rojas, V. Sourjik, T. Krell. Specific gamma-aminobutyrate chemotaxis in pseudomonads with different lifestyle, Molecular Microbiology 97 (2015), 488-501.","Rodríguez-Andrade O., L.E. Fuentes-Ramírez, Y.E. Morales-García, D. Molina-Romero, M.R. Bustillos- Cristales, R.D. Martínez-Contreras, J. Muñoz-Rojas, The decrease of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus population in sugarcane, after nitrogen fertilization, is related to plant physiology in split root experiments, Revista Argentina de Microbiología 47 (2015), 335–343.","Tomé-Sandoval P., L.P. Torres-Arreola, G. Romero-Quechol, H. Guiscafré-Gallardo, Bordetella pertusis en estudiantes adolescentes de la ciudad de México, Revista de Saúde Pública 42 (2008), 679–683.","Tsushima I., T. Kindaichi, S. Okabe, Quantification of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in enrichment cultures by real-time PCR, Water Research 41 (2007), 785–794.","Vandesompele J., K. De Preter, F. Pattyn, B. Poppe, N. Van Roy, A. De Paepe, F. Speleman, Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes, Genome Biology 3 (2002), research/0034.11.","WHO (World Health Organization), Microbial Aspects. En WHO library cataloguing-in-publication data, Guidelines for drinking-water quality, Third edition. Geneva, pp. 143, 2008a.","WHO (World Health Organization), Surveillance. En WHO library cataloguing-in-publication data. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Third edition. Geneva, pp. 84-98, 2008b.","Wuadisirisuk P., R.W. Weaver, Importance of bacteroid number in nodules and effective nodule mass to dinitrogen fixation by cowpeas. Plant and Soil, 87 (1985), 223–231.","Yánez E., S. Mattar, A. Durango, Determinación de Salmonella spp. por PCR en tiempo real y método convencional en canales de bovinos y en alimentos de la vía pública de Montería, Córdoba, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología 12 (2008), 246–254."]}
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215. Política de tierras y la cuestión indígena en el territorio nacional del Chaco (Argentina) : aproximaciones en torno a la tenencia legal del suelo, 1903-1951
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Adrián Alejandro Almirón
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Cultural Studies ,purl.org/becyt/ford/6 [https] ,national territory ,History ,Historia y Arqueología ,Indígenas ,Territorio Nacional ,indigenus ,publics land ,Colonias ,Tierras fiscales ,F1201-3799 ,Otras Historia y Arqueología ,Chaco ,HUMANIDADES ,Tierras ,Caciques ,INDIGENAS ,purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1 [https] ,98 Historia general de América del Sur / History of ancient world ,of specific continents, countries, localities ,of extraterrestrial worlds ,Latin America. Spanish America ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
El artículo analiza la política nacional en torno a la cuestión indígena y la tierra pública en el Territorio Nacional del Chaco entre 1903 y 1951, un periodo clave, caracterizado por el poblamiento y el crecimiento económico del Chaco, en especial a partir del ciclo algodonero. Para ello examinamos la legislación de la época referida a la política de tierra y a la política integracionista del Estado Nacional con las comunidades indígenas. Nos focalizamos en describir e interpretar, los reclamos de los colonos aborígenes en la Reducción Napalpí y en la colonia Cabo Ñaro para obtener concesiones o títulos de propiedad de la tierra, que ocupaban y trabajaban, demostrando con ello las relaciones y negociaciones entre funcionarios públicos (Presidente Nacional, Gobernador Territorial, agrimensores e inspectores de tierras) y los caciques quienes reclamaban por sus derechos sobre el suelo. La investigación se basa en documentación oficial de la Dirección General de Tierras, el Ministerio de Agricultura, informes del ministerio del Interior y el Consejo Agrario Nacional, como así también periódicos de la época. This paper analyzes national policy around indigenous land issue and published in the National Territory of the Chaco between 1903 and 1951, a key period, characterized by the settlement and growth of Chaco, especially from cotton cycle. For this we examine the law of that time referred to the land policy integration policy of the National Government with indigenous communities. We focus on describing and interpreting, claims of Aboriginal settlers in the reduction Napalp and in the colony Cabo Ñaro for concessions or title to the land they occupied and worked, demonstrating the relations and negotiations between government officials (National President, Territorial Governor, land surveyors and inspectors), and the caciques who claimed for their land rights. The research is based on official documentation of the Directorate General of Land, the Ministry of Agriculture, reports the Interior Ministry and the National Agrarian Council, as well as newspapers of the time. Fil: Almiron, Adrian Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas; Argentina
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216. NIDOS DE Atta cephalotes (HYMENOPTERA: MYRMICINAE) EN SISTEMAS CAFETEROS CONTRASTANTES, DEPARTAMENTO DEL CAUCA, COLOMBIA
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Villanueva, Daniela, García, Rocío, and Montoya Lerma, James
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hormiga arriera ,colonias ,colonies ,mule-train ant ,cortadoras de hojas ,leafcutter - Abstract
El presente estudio se propuso localizar, cuantificar y caracterizar los nidos de hormigas arrieras en dos sistemas cafeteros de manejo contraste en los municipios de Popayán y Cajibío en el Cauca. Para este fin, se seleccionaron ocho cafetales con sombra, ocho cafetales a libre exposición y cuatro fragmentos de bosque. En cada sitio se realizaron recorridos y se ubicaron los nidos activos, en cada uno, se recolectaron e identificaron los individuos de diferentes castas y se midieron los soldados. Se calculó el área de los nidos, el número y tamaño de las pistas de forrajeo y se registraron las plantas defoliadas. Se relacionó el número y área de los nidos con variables ambientales y se correlacionó el tamaño de los soldados con el área de los nidos. Se recolectaron 276 individuos pertenecientes a cephalotes. Se registraron cuatro nidos en fragmentos de bosque, ocho en cafetales con sombra y nueve en cafetales a libre exposición. El área de los nidos varió entre 0,90 y 758,34 m², con pistas de 1 a 32 m de longitud. El área de los nidos en los cafetales a libre exposición presentó diferencias significativas con respecto a los ubicados en cafetales con sombra y fragmentos de bosque, siendo estos últimos los de mayor tamaño. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre el tamaño de los nidos y riqueza arbórea, cobertura de dosel y espesor de hojarasca, mientras que fue inversa con la temperatura ambiente. El ancho de la cabeza se correlacionó de forma positiva con el área de los nidos. Se registraron 32 especies de plantas con signos de defoliación por A. cephalotes, lo que confirma el hábito generalista de esta especie. Se resalta la importancia de mantener especies asociadas al cultivo de café como recursos alternativos y de protección al forrajeo de la hormiga. The aim of the present study was to localize, quantify and characterize the nests of the leaf cutting ants under two contrasting management systems in coffee areas of the municipalities of Popayan and Cajibio, Department of Cauca. Eight shaded coffee plantations, 8 free standing coffee plantations and 4 forest fragments were selected. At each site rounds were made and active search for nests was carried out; in each site individuals from different castes were collected and identified and soldiers were measured. The nests areas were calculated as well as the number and size of the foraging tracks, and the defoliated plants were recorded. The number and area of the nests were related to environmental variables and the size of soldiers in the nest area was correlated. A total of 276 individuals form Atta cephalotes was collected. Four nests were recorded in forest fragments, eight in shaded coffee plantations and nine in free standing coffee plantations. Nest areas varied between 0.90 and 758.34 m², with trails from 1 to 32 m length. The area of the nests located in free standing coffee plantations showed significant differences in relation to nests located in shaded coffee plantations and in forest fragments, the latter being the largest ones. A positive correlation between size of the nests and tree richness, canopy cover and thickness of fallen leaves was found, while it was inversely correlated with room temperature. The width of the head was positively correlated with the area of the nests. A total of 32 plant species with signs of defoliation by A. cephalotes was recorded confirming the general habit of these species. The importance of maintaining species associated to the coffee crop as alternative resources and for the protection of the ant foraging is highlighted.
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217. Magnicidios a presidentes del gobierno en época parlamentaria
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Calpe Blasco, Andrés, Universitat Jaume I. Departament d'Història, Geografia i Art, and Piqueras Arenas, José A.
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conspiracy ,Bachelor's Degree in History and Heritage ,Grau en Història i Patrimoni ,Glorious revolution ,Restauración ,colonias ,anarquismo ,represión ,propaganda por el hecho ,colonies ,Restoration ,Revolución Gloriosa ,conspiración ,Grado en Historia y Patrimonio ,anarchism ,repression ,propaganda by deed - Abstract
Treball Final de Grau en Història i Patrimoni. Codi: HP1036. Curs acadèmic: 2015-2016 Cuatro presidentes del gobierno fueron asesinados en el periodo parlamentario que abarca desde la Revolución Gloriosa hasta el final de la Restauración. Prim, Cánovas, Canalejas y Dato son las víctimas de los magnicidios sobre los que hemos indagado, exponiendo los detalles de los asesinatos, así como sus responsables o posibles responsables, y su impacto en el panorama político y social. Con el análisis de los asesinatos intentamos dar respuesta a las incógnitas sobre quién está realmente detrás del magnicidio, sobre todo en el caso de Prim y Cánovas, ya que en los complots para acabar con sus vidas hay muchos posibles participantes. En los casos de Cánovas, Canalejas y Dato, se conoce a ciencia cierta los responsables directos, ya que entra en juego la violencia anarquista. El anarquismo será un punto central de nuestras investigaciones, explicando las motivaciones que les llevaron a cometer el asesinato y el modo de actuar que emplearon. En los cuatro casos, contextualizamos el momento político y social para comprender los motivos y las repercusiones de los magnicidios. Todos ellos marcan un antes y un después en la historia de España, compartiendo un impacto político que acrecentaba la inestabilidad del sistema tan característica de los periodos tratados. Four prime ministers were murdered in the parliamentary period that it includes from the Glorious Revolution until the end of the Restoration. Prim, Cánovas, Canalejas and Dato are the victims of the assassinations that we have investigated, exposing the details of the murders, as well as his responsible or possible persons in charge and his impact in the political and social period. On the analysis of the murders we try to meet response to the mysteries on whom it is really behind the assassination, overcoat in case of Prim, since in the conspiracy to finish with his life there are many possible participants. In the rest of assassinations it is known to certain science the direct persons in charge, since it enters game the anarchistic violence. The anarchism will be a central point of our investigations, explaining the motivations that led them to committing the murder and the way of operating that they used. In four cases, we explain the political and social moment to understand the motives and the repercussions of the assassinations. All of them mark one before and one later in the history of Spain, sharing a political impact that was increasing the instability of the system typical of the treated periods.
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218. Evaluación del efecto del sistema de alojamiento sobre la producción y comportamiento de conejas lactantes
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Vidal Iznardo, Ana
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Conejas lactantes ,Bienestar animal ,Paja ,Welfare ,Straw ,Grado en Ingeniería Agroalimentaria y del Medio Rural-Grau en Enginyeria Agroalimentària i del Medi Rural ,Colonias ,PRODUCCION ANIMAL ,Producción ,Enriquecimiento ,Does rabbit ,Alojamiento ,Enrichment ,Conejas reproductoras ,Housing ,Open Field Test - Abstract
[ES] España es uno de los mayores productores a nivel mundial de carne de conejo. Puesto que el bienestar animal cunícola no está regulado por la legislación, resulta necesario llevar a cabo estudios experimentales para conocer mejor las necesidades de estos animales en las granjas de producción. En este trabajo se testaron diferentes sistemas de alojamiento y de enriquecimiento ambiental desde el punto de vista del bienestar animal. Para ello se utilizaron 54 conejas reproductoras en tercer y cuarto parto, alojadas en jaulas con enriquecimiento social, colectivas, y ambiental, con paja y tubo. Se evaluaron parámetros productivos, el estado de salud físico en el que se encontraban a lo largo de la experiencia; y se llevó a cabo la práctica de un test conocido como Open Field para evaluar los niveles de miedo. Se obtuvo por una parte que conejas de tercer parto tenían un tamaño de camada, un consumo de pienso y un nivel de lesiones significativamente mayor a las hembras de cuarto parto. Mientras que las conejas de cuarto parto sufrieron más pérdida de pelo que las de tercer parto. Por otra parte, las conejas en jaulas individuales con paja tuvieron mayor peso y consumo que las alojadas en jaulas colectivas. Las conejas de jaulas colectivas por su parte sufrieron mayor número de lesiones y heridas provocadas por pododermatitis plantar. En cuanto a los niveles de miedo, las conejas de alojamientos colectivos manifestaron mayor carácter exploratorio y relajado que las conejas en jaulas individuales enriquecidas con paja. Así, los resultados de este estudio no permiten establecer unas recomendaciones claras sobre el diseño de las instalaciones de conejas reproductoras, siendo recomendable continuar con esta línea de trabajo en el futuro., [EN] Spain is one of the largest producers worldwide of rabbit meat. Since the rabbit animal welfare is not regulated by legislation, it is necessary to conduct experimental studies to understand in a better way these animal´s needs while they are in factory farms. In this work different housing systems and environmental enrichment were tested from the point of view of animal welfare. In order to acouplish it, 54 does rabbit they were used in third and fourth parity, housed in cages with social, collective enrichment, and environmental, with straw and tube. Some production parameters were evaluated, the state of physical health that were throughout the experience; and he carried out a practice known as Open Field test to assess levels of fear. The result of the third parity showed us a significantly higher litter size, feed consumption and a level injuries than fourth parity. While the fourth parity does rabbits suffered more hair loss than the third parity. Moreover, the rabbits in individual housing with straw had higher weight and consumption housed in collective cages. Female rabbits in collective cages meanwhile suffered more injuries and wounds caused by pododermatitis. As for the levels of fear, collective housing rabbits showed more exploratory and relaxed character rabbits in individual cages enriched with straw. To conclude, the result of this study do not allow clear recommendations on the design of breeding facilities and it is recommended to continue this line of work in the future.
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219. Televisão e império: sobre a inexistência de emissões da RTP nas províncias ultramarinas portuguesas
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Cádima, Francisco Rui
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Televisão ,Dictatorship ,Salazarism ,Television ,Colónias ,Salazarismo ,Ditadura ,Colonies - Abstract
In this text we will try to understand some of the fundamental reasons for the fact that television never reached the Portuguese colonies, either during the government of Salazar or even with Marcello Caetano, although he was the promoter of television in Portugal. The analysis of national and international political context and the confrontation with the South African own experience, more determined in its “cathodic iconoclasm”, some of the conclusions we draw lead us to a question that the very political and media experience of apartheid seems to suggest an answer. And that has to do with the possible impacts of another television propaganda strategy in the colonial context. What diverse consequences could that have had? Let the reader be here him or herself to withdraw its conclusions., Neste texto vamos procurar entender algumas das razões fundamentais que explicam o facto de a televisão nunca ter chegado às colónias portuguesas, quer durante a governação de Salazar, quer inclusivamente com Marcello Caetano, apesar de ter sido ele o impulsionador da televisão em Portugal. Da análise do contexto político nacional e internacional e do confronto com a própria experiência sul-africana, mais determinada na sua “iconoclastia” catódica, algumas das conclusões que retiramos conduzem-nos a uma pergunta para a qual a própria experiência política e mediática do apartheid parece sugerir uma resposta. E que tem a ver com os impactos possíveis de uma outra estratégia propagandística televisiva em contexto colonial. Que consequências diversas poderia ter tido? Deixemos que seja aqui o próprio leitor a retirar as suas conclusões.
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220. La vivienda popular en la ciudad de San Salvador: bases para su compresión historiográfica
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Chicas Molina, Juan Carlos and Universidad Dr. José Matías Delgado (UJMD)
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San Salvador ,Vivienda Social ,Barrios ,Colonias ,Gobiernos militares - Abstract
El presente artículo busca trazar una línea de análisis histórico sobre el desarrollo urbano de la ciudad de San Salvador. Esta aproximación se establece como guía para la comprensión del desarrollo del a vivienda popular en dos períodos ext ante y ex post del gobierno del Coronel Óscar Osorio, instaurado a partir de 1950 Artículo publicado en la Revista Akademos, de la Universidad Dr. José Matías Delgado Universidad Dr. José Matías Delgado
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221. Las Indias ¿provincias, reinos o colonias? A propósito del planteo de Zorraquín Becú
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Tau Anzoategui, Víctor
- Subjects
CIENCIAS SOCIALES ,América española ,Historia del Derecho ,Indias ,purl.org/becyt/ford/5.5 [https] ,purl.org/becyt/ford/5 [https] ,Derecho ,Colonias ,Otras Derecho - Abstract
Los historiadores del período que va desde el Descubrimiento hasta la Emancipación de la América española suelen emplear la voz ‘colonia’ y sus derivados con frecuencia, sin aclarar el sentido que le dan ni reparar en su evolución lexicográfica. Convertido en un vocablo-comodín, sirve, adjetivado, para designar el tiempo, lugar, modo de vida y situación institucional, como, por ejemplo, época colonial, pampa colonial, comida colonial o cabildo colonial. Desde este observatorio histórico-jurídico (plural y dinámico) y sin el apremio de encontrar respuestas absolutas y definitivas -que en nuestra materia raramente existen- ofrezco este examen crítico del que considero el más importante de los estudios realizados sobre el tema, hace algo más de un cuarto de siglo. Os historiadores do período que se prolonga do Descobrimento à Emancipação da América espanhola costumam empregar a palavra “colônia” e seus derivados com frequência, sem aclarar o sentido que lhes dão nem considerar sua evolução lexicográfica. Convertido em um vocábulo-curinga, serve, adjetivado, para designar o tempo, lugar, modo de vida e situação institucional, como, por exemplo, época colonial, pampa colonial, comida colonial ou cabildo colonial. A partir deste observatório histórico-jurídico (plural e dinâmico) e sem o afã de encontrar respostas absolutas e definitivas – que em nossa matéria raramente existem –, ofereço este exame crítico daquele que considero o mais importante dos estudos realizados sobre o tema há mais de um quarto de século. The historians of the period that goes from the Discovery to the Emancipation of the Spanish American often use the word “colony” and its derivatives often, without clarifying the meaning given to them or considering their lexicographical evolution. Converted in a wildcard word, it serves as an adjectival term for time, place, way of life and institutional situation, such as, colonial times, colonial plains, colonial food, colonial cabildo. From this historical and juridical observatory (plural and dynamic) and without the desire to find absolute and definitive answers – which rarely exist in our field – I offer this critical examination of what I consider to be the most important of the studies carried out on the subject for more than a quarter of a century. Fil: Tau Anzoategui, Víctor. Instituto de Investigaciones de Historia del Derecho; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
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- 2016
222. On textiles, colonies and indians : a tale from across the seas
- Author
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Llodrà i Nogueras, Joan Miquel
- Subjects
Colònies ,Comerç d’ultramar ,Indústria tèxtil ,Catalunya ,Amèrica ,Antilles ,Indianes ,Puntes ,Teixits de cotó ,Indianos ,Colonias ,Comercio de ultramar ,Industria textil ,Cataluña ,Americas ,Antillas ,Indianas ,Encajes ,Tejidos de algodón - Published
- 2016
223. A reflexão decolonial como proposta para criação de narr(alterna)tivas ao discurso hegemônico de direitos humanos/Letícia Garroni Moreira Franco ; orientador: José Luiz Quadros de Magalhães
- Author
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Franco, Letícia Garroni Moreira, Magalhães, José Luiz Quadros de,1962- Orientador, and Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Instituição
- Subjects
Comunicação intercultural ,Hermenêutica (Direito) ,Direitos humanos-Interpretação e construção ,Civilização moderna ,Colônias ,Direito internacional público ,342.7(100) - Abstract
Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito. Bibliografia: f. 169-173 Resumo: Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre os Direitos Humanos a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial. Como ponto de partida demonstro o que é a perspectiva decolonial do conhecimento, como um giro epistemológico que parte da ideia de que somos colônia intelectual e cultural da Europa. A partir daí faço uma análise da construção histórica da Modernidade que se inicia com a invasão dos povos europeus no continente Americano e é marcada pelas colonialidades do poder, do saber e do ser o que resulta no encobrimento da diversidade por toda a Modernidade. A partir disso, demonstro as influências das colonialidades na produção do Direito Internacional, mais especificamente naquilo que chamamos de Direitos Humanos; lançando algumas reflexões sobre o conceito de Direitos Humanos, a fim de avaliar a influência da estrutura de poder e estrutura de conhecimento estabelecida no sistema-mundo moderno/colonial sobre os Direitos Humanos. Por fim, proponho o diálogo intercultural, por meio da hermenêutica diatópica, como alternativa ao discurso hegemônico de Direitos Humanos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pensamento Decolonial. Colonialidade. Modernidade. Direitos Humanos. Diálogo Intercultural. Abstract: It aims at a reflection on human rights from a colonialist perspective. As a starting point, I demonstrate what a colonialist perspective of knowledge is, as an epistemological spin that stems from the idea that we are an intellectual and cultural colony from Europe. From that point, an analysis of the historical construction of modernity that begins with Europeans invasion in the American continent and it is marked by the colonialism of power, knowledge and being, which results in the shutdown of diversity throughout modernity. From that point, I show the influence of colonialisms in the production of international law, specifically in that one we use to call the Human Rights; considering some reflections on the Human Rights concept, in order to evaluate the influence of power and knowledge structure established in the modern/colonial system/world about the Human Rights. Finally, I propose an intercultural dialogue, by diatopical hermeneutics as an alternative to the hegemonic discourse of Human Rights. KEY-WORDS: Colonialist thought. Colonialism. Modernity. Human Rights. Intercultural Dialogue.
- Published
- 2016
224. Timor - produção e Mercados na Década de 1920
- Author
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Reis, Célia and Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC)
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Economia ,Colónias ,Timor - Abstract
UID/HIS/04209/2013 A colónia portuguesa de Timor apresentava-se com múltiplas possibilidades de exploração, mas a realidade era diferente. Neste artigo, baseado nos relatórios e ofícios dos gerentes do Banco Nacional Ultramarino na década de 1920, analisam-se as suas principais produções agrícolas, verifica-se a dificuldade da exploração petrolífera e salientam-se as relações comerciais; consideram-se igualmente os obstáculos ao desenvolvimento local. Estes deviam-se a razões locais, como a falta de infraestruturas, as políticas seguidas e a falta de direção pela mudança de governadores, mas também à dificuldade de afirmação internacional da colónia, mantendo-se na dependência dos mercados vizinhos. publishersversion published
- Published
- 2016
225. Sobre teixits, colònies i indians : una història d'ultramar
- Author
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Llodrà i Nogueras, Joan Miquel
- Subjects
Colònies ,Comerç d’ultramar ,Indústria tèxtil ,Catalunya ,Amèrica ,Antilles ,Indianes ,Puntes ,Teixits de cotó ,Indianos ,Colonias ,Comercio de ultramar ,Industria textil ,Cataluña ,Americas ,Antillas ,Indianas ,Encajes ,Tejidos de algodón - Published
- 2016
226. LUIS, Jean-Philippe (ed.), L’État dans ses colonies. Les administrateurs de l’empire espagnol au XIXe siècle, Madrid, Casa de Velázquez, 2015, 308 pp
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Alarcón Alarcón, María del Mar
- Subjects
Historia Contemporánea ,España ,Siglo XIX ,Colonias ,Administración ,Estado - Published
- 2016
227. A censura salazarista e as colónias
- Author
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Melo, Daniel and CHAM - Centro de Humanidades
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História do livro e da edição ,Censura ,Ditaduras ,Estado Novo ,Book history ,Censorship ,Dictatorships ,Colónias ,Colonies - Abstract
SFRH/BPD/104105/2014 This article aims to contribute to strengthening our understanding of a subject still little explored in Portuguese academy, the censorship under Salazarism, through the study of its action in the colonies. It proposes a problematizing synthesis of censorship in the Empire, in order to assess its impact and to accomplish a more complex portrait of the Portuguese public sphere under dictatorship. Official censorship is characterized from three relevant axes: origins and evolution; justification, institutionalization and profile; major political, socio-cultural and mental impacts. The comparative approach will allow to realize to what extent the possible similarities and differences in institutional structures created by similar authoritarian regimes had relations with genealogy, the ideological profile and the type of impact created. Este artigo pretende contribuir para o reforço da nossa compreensão sobre um tema ainda pouco explorado na academia portuguesa, o da censura salazarista, através do estudo da sua ação nas colónias. Nele propõe-se uma síntese problematizante da censura no Império, de modo a aferir o seu impacto e a devolver um retrato mais complexo da esfera pública portuguesa em contexto ditatorial. A censura oficial é caracterizada a partir de três eixos relevantes: origens e evolução; justificação, institucionalização e perfil; principais efeitos políticos, socioculturais e mentais. O olhar comparativo permitirá perceber até que ponto as eventuais semelhanças e diferenças nas censuras institucionais criadas por outros regimes autoritários afins tiveram relações com a genealogia, o perfil ideológico e o tipo de impacto causado. publishersversion published
- Published
- 2016
228. Evaluación del efecto del sistema de alojamiento sobre la producción y comportamiento de conejas lactantes
- Author
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Estellés Barber, Fernando, Villagrá García, Aránzazu, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agronòmica i del Medi Natural, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ciencia Animal - Departament de Ciència Animal, Vidal Iznardo, Ana, Estellés Barber, Fernando, Villagrá García, Aránzazu, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agronòmica i del Medi Natural, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ciencia Animal - Departament de Ciència Animal, and Vidal Iznardo, Ana
- Abstract
[ES] España es uno de los mayores productores a nivel mundial de carne de conejo. Puesto que el bienestar animal cunícola no está regulado por la legislación, resulta necesario llevar a cabo estudios experimentales para conocer mejor las necesidades de estos animales en las granjas de producción. En este trabajo se testaron diferentes sistemas de alojamiento y de enriquecimiento ambiental desde el punto de vista del bienestar animal. Para ello se utilizaron 54 conejas reproductoras en tercer y cuarto parto, alojadas en jaulas con enriquecimiento social, colectivas, y ambiental, con paja y tubo. Se evaluaron parámetros productivos, el estado de salud físico en el que se encontraban a lo largo de la experiencia; y se llevó a cabo la práctica de un test conocido como Open Field para evaluar los niveles de miedo. Se obtuvo por una parte que conejas de tercer parto tenían un tamaño de camada, un consumo de pienso y un nivel de lesiones significativamente mayor a las hembras de cuarto parto. Mientras que las conejas de cuarto parto sufrieron más pérdida de pelo que las de tercer parto. Por otra parte, las conejas en jaulas individuales con paja tuvieron mayor peso y consumo que las alojadas en jaulas colectivas. Las conejas de jaulas colectivas por su parte sufrieron mayor número de lesiones y heridas provocadas por pododermatitis plantar. En cuanto a los niveles de miedo, las conejas de alojamientos colectivos manifestaron mayor carácter exploratorio y relajado que las conejas en jaulas individuales enriquecidas con paja. Así, los resultados de este estudio no permiten establecer unas recomendaciones claras sobre el diseño de las instalaciones de conejas reproductoras, siendo recomendable continuar con esta línea de trabajo en el futuro., [EN] Spain is one of the largest producers worldwide of rabbit meat. Since the rabbit animal welfare is not regulated by legislation, it is necessary to conduct experimental studies to understand in a better way these animal´s needs while they are in factory farms. In this work different housing systems and environmental enrichment were tested from the point of view of animal welfare. In order to acouplish it, 54 does rabbit they were used in third and fourth parity, housed in cages with social, collective enrichment, and environmental, with straw and tube. Some production parameters were evaluated, the state of physical health that were throughout the experience; and he carried out a practice known as Open Field test to assess levels of fear. The result of the third parity showed us a significantly higher litter size, feed consumption and a level injuries than fourth parity. While the fourth parity does rabbits suffered more hair loss than the third parity. Moreover, the rabbits in individual housing with straw had higher weight and consumption housed in collective cages. Female rabbits in collective cages meanwhile suffered more injuries and wounds caused by pododermatitis. As for the levels of fear, collective housing rabbits showed more exploratory and relaxed character rabbits in individual cages enriched with straw. To conclude, the result of this study do not allow clear recommendations on the design of breeding facilities and it is recommended to continue this line of work in the future.
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- 2016
229. O algodão brasileiro na época da revolução industrial
- Author
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Arruda, José Jobson de Andrade and Arruda, José Jobson de Andrade
- Abstract
There is little disagreement between specialists over the role of raw cotton in the context of Industrial Revolution in Europe. There is much discussion about the importance’s level of this strategic commodity in the beginning of industrialization, considering that dynamics of this industry has become vital reference in the determination of the acceleration rate of the textile segment and its impact on the others industry sectors, which allows us to identify this sector as revolutionary. The raw cotton manufacture was of great importance not only to England, but also to other continental countries such as France and Portugal, in which, in the early nineteenth century, the textile manufactures dynamism escalated, rising the public and private interest in elevating the pre-industrial manufactures to modern productive structure, setting, thus, these specific historical context as the Industrial Revolution period., Há pouca discordância entre os especialistas sobre o papel do algodão no contexto da revolução industrial em sua escala europeia. Tergiversam apenas sobre o grau de importância desta matéria-prima estratégica no lançamento da industrialização, considerando-se que a dinâmica dessa indústria tornou-se referência vital na determinação da taxa de aceleração do ramo têxtil e de seu impacto sobre os demais setores da indústria, que nos permite identificar este setor como revolucionário. A manufatura de algodão foi de grande importância não apenas para a Inglaterra, mas também para outros países continentais como França e Portugal nos quais, no princípio do século XIX, o dinamismo das manufaturas têxteis intensificou-se, despertando o interesse público e privado em alçá-las do nível de manufaturas pré-industriais ao patamar de estruturas produtivas modernas, configurando-se um contexto histórico singular que denominamos a época da revolução industrial.
- Published
- 2016
230. Alexandra Colony: Resiliencia en el norte de la Provincia de Santa Fe (1866-1904), Argentina
- Author
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Dosztal, Irene and Dosztal, Irene
- Abstract
In this article the theoretical aspects are developed from a historic-anthropological perspective, which anticipates a frontier space with a differentiated economic, social and cultural structure, where they operate the life and experiences of families of settlers who are 90 km of the Northern territorial limit controlled by the Government of the province of Santa Fe. In the north border of Santa Fe the “desert” fights, first, with the foundation of agricultural colonies for contract and, then, with the military advance. Therefore, the concept of border of colonization is chosen to analyze the role of the colonies that make it up next to Alexandra Colony. Based on the review of the studies of border, focuses on the character resilient of social groups facing out of the last line of forts to the North of the province of Santa Fe, where the agricultural colonies were founded., En este artículo se desarrollan los aspectos teóricos desde una perspectiva histórico-antropológica, que anticipa un espacio fronterizo con una diferenciada estructura económica, social y cultural, donde se desenvuelven la vida y experiencias de familias de colonos que se instalan a 90 km del límite territorial septentrional controlado por el gobierno de la Provincia de Santa Fe. En la frontera norte de Santa Fe se combate el “desierto”, en primer lugar, con la fundación de colonias agrícolas por contrato y, luego, con el avance militar. Por lo que se elige el concepto de frontera de colonización para analizar el rol de las colonias que junto a Alexandra Colony la conforman. Partiendo de la revisión de los estudios de frontera, se focaliza en el carácter resiliente de los grupos sociales enfrentados por fuera de la última línea de fortines al norte de la Provincia de Santa Fe donde se fundan colonias agrícolas.
- Published
- 2016
231. Hábitos de Nidificação de Polistes canadensis (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) em Área Urbana
- Author
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Virgínio, Francisco, Tagliatti Maciel, Tatiane, Corrêa Barbosa, Bruno, Virgínio, Francisco, Tagliatti Maciel, Tatiane, and Corrêa Barbosa, Bruno
- Abstract
Aiming to understand nesting ecology of Polistes canadensis (Linnaeus) in urban areas, were carried out active searches for colonies on the campus of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. We found 442 colonies in seven materials as substrate for nesting, 98% in human buildings. Concrete and metal were the most commonly used substrates by the wasps nidifying and this fact can be justified by the greater presence of these in the environment and also the heat retention they present providing favorable condition for the development of the colonies., Visando compreender a ecologia de nidificação de Polistes canadensis (Linnaeus) em áreas urbanas, foram realizadas buscas ativas por colônias no Campus da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram encontradas 442 colônias em sete materiais como substrato para nidificação, sendo 98% em edificações humanas. Concreto e metal foram os substratos mais utilizados para nidificação das vespas, podendo ser justificado pela maior presença desses materiais no ambiente e ainda, pela retenção de calor que eles apresentam fornecendo condição favorável para o desenvolvimento das colônias.
- Published
- 2016
232. La tierra prometida en el medio de la pampa
- Author
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Paula Miguel
- Subjects
lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,colonias ,pampa ,gauchos judíos ,lcsh:H1-99 ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,inmigración - Published
- 2008
233. Policy driven water sector and energy dependencies in Texas border colonias.
- Author
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Guerra Uribe, Monica, Faust, Kasey M., and Charnitski, Jonathan
- Subjects
HOUSEHOLDS ,ELECTRIC power conservation ,SEMI-structured interviews ,WATER ,LIVING conditions ,SLUMS ,VOLUNTEER service - Abstract
• A law introduced in 1995 created a logical dependency between critical infrastructure services—namely, water, wastewater, and energy— in attempt to improve conditions in colonias. • This statewide policy impacted communities differently, as demonstrated with varying parameter associated across counties and expressed anecdotally by promotoras and decision-makers. • In general, the law is perceived by promotoras and decision-makers to have improved the living conditions in colonias, but much more can be done at a local level. • The lack of patterns among associated parameters across counties suggests that each county has been affected differently by implemented policy. • There is a need for a uniformly recognized definition for colonias - and in general, urban slums - that include energy/electricity. A subset of peri-urban and urban subdivisions, known as colonias, often lack access to infrastructure services. One way to improve services in these communities is through policy and laws, such as one enacted in Texas in 1995. This particular law aims to encourage in-place upgrading of infrastructure in colonias by using as leverage the residents' prioritization of energy service in households above other services. This law imposed a logical dependency; it required residents—prior to connecting to energy services—to first register their platted land and then connect to water and wastewater services. Now two decades later, this study assesses what built-environment parameters are associated with water and wastewater access, and which thereby impact energy access. The study also assesses the perceived burden and efficacy of this law on border colonia residents. Helped by publicly available data and semi-structured interviews, this work explores infrastructure services using hypothesis testing and qualitative methods. In this analysis, we look at three Texas counties——and the 1297 colonias contained therein. Findings from this study suggest decision makers should focus not just on those policies and laws in place but also on localized, tailored county/city-level efforts to increase access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
234. A Índia na Câmara dos Deputados – Aspetos económicos e financeiros. 1885-1910
- Author
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Célia Reis
- Subjects
economia ,History ,colónias ,parliament ,parlamento ,économie ,colonies ,parlement ,India ,economics ,lcsh:History (General) ,Inde ,lcsh:D1-2009 - Abstract
La question coloniale est devenue centrale dans la vie parlementaire portugaise à la fin du XIXe siècle, mais d’avantage dans les discours que dans l’action. Cet article montre comment les affaires d’une colonie lointaine étaient traitées à la Câmara dos Deputados, quels étaient les principaux aspects abordés et l’attention qu’ils ont suscitée. The colonial issues became central in the life of the Portuguese late nineteenth century and they were reflected in the Parliament, more with discussion then with decision. This article shows how the affairs of a distant colony, in space and the link to the metropolis, were equated in the «Câmara dos Deputados», what were the main aspects and the size they occupied. In this affairs we emphasize the end of the Treaty of India with its inherent changes as well as the railway of Mormugão. As questões coloniais tornaram-se centrais na vida portuguesa do final do século XIX e o Parlamento refletiu-as, mais através do debate do que da decisão. Este artigo mostra como os assuntos de uma colónia longínqua, no espaço e na ligação à metrópole, foram equacionados na Câmara dos Deputados, quais os seus principais aspetos e a dimensão que ocuparam. Entre eles ganhou relevo o fim do Tratado da Índia, com as modificações inerentes, e o caminho-de-ferro de Mormugão.
- Published
- 2015
235. A Vale em Moçambique: uma etnografia das relações entre brasileiros e moçambicanos no cotidiano dos megaprojetos
- Author
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Rodrigues, Yssyssay D [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Fonseca, Dagoberto José [UNESP]
- Subjects
Moçambique ,Etnologia ,Colonias ,Racismo ,Ethnology - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:22:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-02. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:28:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000851484.pdf: 1736533 bytes, checksum: f3060eb33d1d0a978646978c41b83994 (MD5) Esta dissertação consiste em uma etnografia das relações entre brasileiros e moçambicanos no contexto dos megaprojetos desenvolvidos pela mineradora Vale em Moçambique, especificamente o projeto Carvão Moatize e o projeto Corredor Nacala, desenvolvidos nas províncias de Tete, Niassa e Nampula, regiões centro e norte do país. Foram investigados e analisados os impactos subjetivos do contato entre os dois grupos no contexto delimitado, aprofundando a compreensão de suas práticas e representações cotidianas, tendo como eixos de análise os debates sobre noções de desenvolvimento, dominação, racismo e colonialismo. A partir das incursões a campo e da pesquisa bibliográfica, procurou-se compreender o papel do Brasil no projeto de desenvolvimento moçambicano, analisando as relações de cooperação internacional entre os dois países e observando a maneira como tais relações podem se efetivar sob a forma de dominação de tipo (neo)colonial em diversos aspectos, especialmente no que concerne aos projetos brasileiros de caráter privado desenvolvidos em Moçambique. Observou-se ainda a construção das ideologias raciais nos dois países, a maneira como o racismo brasileiro se exerce em Moçambique, e a relação intrínseca entre racismo, projeto civilizador e colonialismo no âmbito das relações de dominação colocadas. Procurando analisar tais relações como processos complexos, desconstruindo a dicotomia dominado/dominador, e primando por uma abordagem interseccional de articulação dos marcadores da diferença, pretende-se com os resultados da pesquisa problematizar as relações analisadas e, com isso, contribuir para superar as questões identificadas, não só na esfera dos projetos em questão, mas no âmbito mais amplo das relações entre Brasil e Moçambique e com os PALOP de maneira geral This dissertation consists of an ethnographic focusing the relationship between Brazilian and Mozambican people in a context of the megaprojects developed by the mining company Vale in Mozambique, specifically The Moatize Coal Mine Project and The Nacala Corridor Project developed in Tete, Niassa and Nampula provinces, in the central and northern regions of the country. The research analysed the subjective impacts of the contact between the two groups of people within a delimited context, deepening the understanding of their practices and quotidian representations, using as analysis tools the debates about development, domination, racism and colonisation. Based on fieldwork and bibliographical research, the study aimed to understand the role of Brazil on Mozambican development project, analysing the relation of international cooperation between the two countries and observing the way the mentioned relationship can be effectuated under domination of neocolonialism in multiple aspects, especially what concerns private Brazilian projects developed in Mozambique. It was also observed the construction of racial ideologies in both countries, the way that Brazilian racism is practiced in Mozambique and the intrinsic connection between racism, the civilising project and colonialism in the scope of the already pointed relationships based in domination. The purpose being to analyse such relationships as complex processes, deconstructing the dichotomy dominated/dominator, giving priority to an intersectional approach to social differences borders; the research intends to problematize the analysed relations and, hence, contribute to overcome the identified questions, not only at a project level, but in a broader realm of relations between Brazil and Mozambique, and the PALOP in general
- Published
- 2015
236. Na trilha com as escoteiras: como operárias sabem o caminho a seguir
- Author
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Silva, Mariana Brugger [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Forti, Luiz Carlos [UNESP], and Santos, Juliane Floriano Lopes [UNESP]
- Subjects
Formiga-cortadeira - Comportamento ,Inseto - População ,Avaliação de comportamento ,Ants - Behavior ,Comportamento espacial ,Insect populations ,Colonias ,Espaço e tempo - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T13:39:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-09-27T13:45:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000869194_20170227.pdf: 88598 bytes, checksum: 97296f04daebe23bc211834a3445f60e (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-03-03T11:01:26Z: 000869194_20170227.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-03-03T11:02:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000869194.pdf: 462579 bytes, checksum: 23c5f50ba256701378370a04d7dafd6b (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
- Published
- 2015
237. Estructura colonial y rebeliones andinas
- Author
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Bonilla, Heraclio
- Subjects
Peru ,colonial countries ,insurgency ,Perú ,colonias ,rebeliones - Abstract
From the same moment the Spanish conquest of the Andean area, indigenous people played a leading role in various social movements that were expressed on the one hand, opposition to imperial domination, on the other hand, the abuses of the colonial administration or, purely and simply, the intention of breaking the basis of the colonial pact. For central and southern Andes - that is the spaces corresponding to the present Republic of Peru and Bolivia - although there is still no adequate knowledge of the structure of these movements, at least there is a chronology of those. Throughout the sixteenth century, for example, movements such as the Onoya Taki (1565) or Vilcabamba (until its destruction in 1572), reflected the strength of Andes' population to its colonial subordination, at the same time they looked for the reconstruction, from the ruins, of Andean societies destroyed by the Spanish invasion. In the seventeenth century, probably as a result of a significant decline of Andean population and the relative success of colonial conditioning implemented by Toledo, was established within the dominated town a sort of pax Andean, whose expression was precisely the absence of significant Andean insurgency., Desde el momento mismo de la conquista española del área andina la población indígena fue protagonista de diferentes movilizaciones sociales en las que se expresaron, de una parte, el rechazo a la dominación imperial, de otra, la réplica a los abusos de la administración colonial o, lisa y llanamente, la intención de quebrar las bases del pacto colonial. Para el centro y sur Andinos -- es decir los espacios correspondientes a las actuales Repúblicas del Perú y de Solivia -- si bien no existe todavía un conocimiento adecuado de la estructura de estos movimientos, por lo menos se dispone de una cronología de los mismos. Durante todo el siglo XVI, por ejemplo, movimientos como los del Taki Onoy (1565) o los de Vilcabamva (hasta su destrucción en 1572), tradujeron la resistencia de la población india a su subordinación colonial, al mismo tiempo que buscaron la reconstrucción, desde sus escombros, de las sociedades andinas destruidas por la invasión española. En el XVII, probablemente como consecuencia de un sensible declive de la población india y del éxito relativo del acondicionamiento colonial implementado por Toledo, se estableció en el seno de la población dominada una suerte de pax andina, cuya expresión fue justamente la ausencia de significativas rebeliones indias.
- Published
- 2015
238. El tabaco de las Indias, la Real Hacienda y el mercado inglés en el primer tercio del siglo XVII
- Author
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Martínez Ruiz, José Ignacio and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Economía e Historia Económica
- Subjects
colonias ,England ,Inglaterra ,Spain ,colonies ,España ,siglo XVII ,public finances ,hacienda pública ,XVIIth century ,tobacco ,tabaco - Abstract
Las expectativas de sumar a los impuestos que gravaban el tabaco procedente de las colonias americanas los beneficios derivados de la negociación mercantil, llevaron a la real hacienda, en el año 1620, a estancar el tabaco de las Indias, esto es, a gestionar de forma directa la compra del producto en origen, su traslado a España y su venta en Sevilla. La información remitida por el factor designado por el rey para hacerse cargo del estanco, Diego Pinelo, permite conocer la geografía y condiciones de producción y comercialización del tabaco en esta fecha tan temprana de su cultivo en las Indias, las dificultades que encontró en el desempeño de su misión y los resultados económicos obtenidos en el primer año y medio de su intervención como administrador del tabaco del rey. La hoja de mejor calidad se remitía tradicionalmente a Inglaterra, de manera que el tabaco se convirtió en estos años, tras el vino y junto con el azúcar, en el capítulo más importante de las exportaciones españolas a dicho país The Spanish Royal Treasury, with the expectation of adding the profits coming from its trade to the taxes imposed on tobacco from the American colonies, established a state monopoly on Indian tobacco in 1620. By virtue of this decision, from that point onwards the tobacco produced in the colonies would be purchased, sent to Spain, and sold in Seville under state control. The information provided by Diego Pinelo — appointed factor by the king — to the Council of the Indies, describes in great detail the geography, conditions of production, and marketing of tobacco at this early stage of its growth in the Spanish Indies, as well as the difficulties he encountered when carrying out his duties, and the economic outcome of the monopoly in the first year-and-a-half of its operation. The best-quality leaves were traditionally sold to England, one of the most important markets for tobacco in Europe, so that during these years tobacco became, after wine and sugar, the most important single Spanish export to that country
- Published
- 2015
239. Entre tralhas e traumas de guerra: o gesto testemunhal da escritora Paulina Chiziane
- Author
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Santos, Tiago Ribeiro dos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, and Schmidt, Simone Pereira
- Subjects
Guerra civil ,Literatura moçambicana ,Literatura ,Colonias ,Relações de gênero - Abstract
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, Florianópolis, 2015. A literatura da escritora moçambicana Paulina Chiziane dialoga com a História de seu país, ao abordar o período colonial, a Luta de Libertação  que culminou com a independência, em 1975  e a guerra civil, que teve fim somente em 1992. A partir da análise de dois romances, Ventos do Apocalipse e O Alegre Canto da Perdiz, enfocamos o tema central desta tese: o testemunho ficcional que a autora constrói nessas obras. Com base na História, na Psicanálise, nos Estudos Pós-Coloniais e nos Estudos de Gênero, analisamos, no rastro da história colonial de Moçambique, a complexa teia de relações mantida entre colonizados e colonizadores e o papel das mulheres nessas relações. Ainda, no âmbito da Luta de Libertação e da guerra civil, descortinamos a ação das mulheres nessas guerras, de modo a analisar as estratégias de gênero utilizadas por elas antes e após os conflitos. Tomando como parâmetro os papéis de gênero ocupados pelas mulheres militantes das ditaduras do Cone Sul, analisamos a atuação das mulheres combatentes do Destacamento Feminino criado pela Frelimo. Em relação ao testemunho sobre as guerras produzido pela escritora nos referidos romances, a tese contribui também para discutirmos a constituição do gênero do testemunho, em sua vertente europeia, e partirmos para uma formulação de testemunho ancorada na existência de memórias e de pós-memórias, como postula Marianne Hirsch (2012). Abstract : The literature of the Mozambican writer Paulina Chiziane dialogues with the History of her country, approaching the colonial period, the Liberation Struggle - which ended with independence in 1975 - and the civil war ended only in 1992. From the analysis of two novels, Ventos do Apocalipse and O Alegre Canto da Perdiz, we focused on this thesis' central theme: the fictional testimony that the author builds in these works. Based on History, in Psychoanalysis, in Post-Colonial Studies and Gender Studies, we analyze in the wake of Mozambique's colonial history, the complex web of relationships maintained between colonized and colonizers and the women's role in these relationships. Even within the Liberation Struggle and the civil war, we disclose the women share in these wars in order to analyze gender strategies used by them before and after conflicts. Taking as parameter gender roles occupied by activists women of the Southern Cone of Latin America dictatorships, we analyze the participation of the combatants women of Female Deployment created by Frelimo. Regarding the testimony about the wars produced by the writer in these novels, the thesis also contributes to discuss the testimony genre constitution, in its European dimension, and goes into a witness formulation anchored in the existence of memories and post-memories, as postulated by Marianne Hirsch (2012).
- Published
- 2015
240. Delimitación y defensa del territorio colonial español de América del Sur. Análisis y recreación a partir de D.Diego de Alvear y Ponce de León
- Author
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Enrique Martínez-Jiménez, Montes Tubío, Francisco de Paula, and Castillejo-González, I.L.
- Subjects
Alvear y Ward, Diego de ,Proyecto de Demarcación ,Sistemas de Información Geográfica ,América del Sur ,Colonias - Abstract
La presente Tesis Doctoral tiene por objeto de estudio la Expedición de Demarcación de Fronteras entreEspaña y Portugal en América del sur (1783-1801) derivada del Tratado de San Ildefonso. Este proyectoconjunto persigue en origen el establecimiento de una frontera consensuada que marque sobre el terrenolos respectivos territorios de ambas coronas. Adicionalmente se busca alcanzar un conocimiento absolutodel inmenso espacio sudamericano que permita su control y la explotación de sus recursos.Las partidas dispondrán de precisos instrumentos de medición, adquiridos en los mejores talleres deLondres, y estarán dirigidos por el personal más preparado de su época, oficiales de marina, asegurandola realización de las tareas de medición astronómica, levantamiento topográfico y realización decartografía necesarias para cumplir su misión.D. Diego de Alvear y Ponce de León (1749-1830) será nombrado comisario de la Segunda División deLímites ocupada de la frontera entre la costa atlántica y el Río Igatimi, afluente del Paraná. Sus trabajosson recogidos en el «Diario Oficial de la Segunda División de Límites» que, junto a los de suscompañeros, constituyen la base principal para el conocimiento de esta empresa.El objetivo principal del trabajo de Tesis ha sido la reconstrucción de los métodos de obtención de datosgeográficos y de los trabajos de demarcación empleados por D. Diego de Alvear en Sudamérica. Lainvestigación ha sido planteada desde una doble aproximación histórica y tecnológica, teniendo comofuente numerosos documentos y mapas originales realizados por las partidas. En su desarrollo final se hacentrado en el análisis detallado de la primera de las etapas de la Demarcación: el viaje y la delimitaciónde fronteras al sur de la Laguna de Merín (1783-1784).Se definen tres niveles de trabajo en la Tesis conteniendo los siguientes resultados generales:- Estudio del Proyecto de Demarcación y de la obra de Alvear a partir de las fuentes históricas. Comoresultado se han estructurado y cartografiado los trabajos del comisario contextualizando su aportación alproyecto general y actualizando el conocimiento existente sobre la misma.- Análisis matemático de los distintos métodos de obtención de datos geográficos utilizados en el SigloXVIII. La comparación de los datos ofrecidos por Alvear con mediciones de coordenadas actuales hapermitido cuantificar la precisión relativa de los distintos métodos históricos.- Reconstrucción virtual del territorio y de los trabajos de Demarcación realizados en la frontera españoladel Arroyo Chuy. Esta representación ha logrado aproximar la visión histórica de esta región por parte delos demarcadores validando las capacidades para el análisis y la visualización de datos que ofrecen losSistemas de Información Geográfica.Esta Tesis aporta un poco de luz al reconocimiento de la figura y obra de D. Diego de Alvear y del valiosaProyecto de Demarcación de Límites de San Ildefonso. El primero tan sólo reseñado en fechas recientespor la gran difusión mediática de episodios históricos relacionados con su vida, como el desastre de lafragata «Mercedes» frente al Cabo de Santa María y la defensa de la Isla de León durante la ocupaciónfrancesa, y la segunda representativa de los objetivos y especiales características del Colonialismoespañol, etapa imprescindible para comprender las complejas redes relacionales del mundo hoy día., The present Ph. D. Thesis studies the Boundaries Demarcation Expedition between Spain and Portugal inSouth America (1783-1803) arising from the Treaty of San Ildefonso. This joint venture aims originally tosettle a common frontier determining on the ground the territories of both crowns. Additionally, it seeks toachieve an absolute knowledge of the vast South-American space leading to its control and theexploitation of its natural resources.The parties will be provided with accurate measurement instruments, acquired from the best Londonmakers, and will be conducted by the most qualified professionals at the time, Navy officials. They willensure the realization of astronomical measurement, topographic survey and mapping tasks which arenecessary to fulfil the mission.D. Diego de Alvear y Ponce de León (1749-1830) will be named commissioner of the Second BoundariesDivision, thus being responsible for the border between the Atlantic coast and the River Igatimi, tributary ofthe Paraná. His works are collected in the «Diario Oficial de la Segunda División de Límites» which is,together with those of his partners, one of the main sources of knowledge about this project.The primary objective of this Thesis has been the reconstruction of the geographical data collectionmethods and the demarcation process that D. Diego de Alvear has followed in South America. Theresearch has been implemented through both historical and technological approaches on the basis ofmany original documents and maps produced by the parties. Its final part has focused on the detailedanalysis of the first stage of the expedition: travel and demarcation of the southern sector of Laguna deMerín (1783-1784).Three levels of work are defined within this Thesis including the following general outcomes:- Study of the Demarcation Project and the work of Alvear. As a result the work of the commissioner hasbeen structured and mapped highlighting his contribution to the general project and providing additionaldata which updates the present knowledge about it.- Mathematical analysis of the different geographical data collection methods used in the 18th century. Thecomparison of the information given by Alvear with the contemporary measurement of the same sitecoordinateshas allowed the relative accuracy of each historical method to be quantified.- Virtual reconstruction of territory and demarcation works conducted in the Spanish border in ArroyoChuy. This representation has achieved an approximation to the demarcators view of this historical regionvalidating the Geographic Information Systems ability for data analysis and visualization.This Ph. D. Thesis brings a glimmer of enlightenment to the recognition of the figure and work of D. Diegode Alvear and the valuable Boundaries Demarcation Project of San Ildefonso. The first, only underconsideration in relation to some events of his later life which attract high media attention in recent years,namely «Mercedes» frigate disaster in Cabo de Santa María and Isla de León defence during the Frenchoccupation. The latter, as a representative example of the objectives and special characteristics ofSpanish colonialism, essential period for understanding the complex relational networks of the world today.
- Published
- 2015
241. Apuntes sobre la nidificación de Rabihorcado (Fregata magnificens) y Corúa de mar (Falacrocorax auritus) en cayos de la península de Guanahacabibes, Cuba
- Author
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Pérez Hernández, Alina, Cruz Mora, José Manuel de la, Pérez Rodríguez, Evelyn, Rojas Valdés, Abel, Pérez Hernández, Alina, Cruz Mora, José Manuel de la, Pérez Rodríguez, Evelyn, and Rojas Valdés, Abel
- Abstract
Aquatic birds and their nesting habits have been poorly studied in western Cuba. The present work had as primary objective to characterize the nesting structures of a Fregata magnifiscens and Falacrocorax auritus colony, at Los Pájaros Cays, Guanahacabibes National Park, in the most western part of Cuba. Thirty-two nests of F. magnifiscens and 24 of F. auritus were located, all with similar construction and structure. The location, measurement and content was determined using a metric tape, binoculars and by direct observation, respectively. The results show great homogeneity in the size and overall structure of the nests, and we found breeding individuals at different development stage. The distance between nests of F. magnifiscens was variable, and all of them were located in the exterior edge of the Rizophora mangle forest and without physical obstacles keeping the birds without access to the forest. F. auritus nested at 3,9 m of height above the sea level and the great majority of the individuals were covered. Other eight bird species were observed in the area, with Nyctanassa violacea being the most common., Las aves acuáticas han sido poco estudiadas en el extremo occidental de Cuba y aspectos relacionados con la nidificación menos aún. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar colonias de nidificacion de Fragata magnifiscens y Falacrocorax auritus, en Cayo Los Pájaros, perteneciente al Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes, en el extremo occidental de Cuba. Fueron identificados 32 nidos de F .magnifiscens y 24 de F. auritus, de estructura constructiva similar, cuya ubicación, medición y contenido fue determinado utilizando una cinta métrica, binoculares y la observación directa. Los resultados arrojaron que existe gran homogeneidad en el tamaño y estructura constructiva de los nidos. En ellos fueron encontradas crías en diferentes etapas de desarrollo. La distancia entre nidos de F. magnifiscens fue variable y todos están ubicados en el borde exterior de la franja de Rizophora mangle y carecen de obstáculos físicos que puedan entorpecer la entrada y salida de las aves a ellos. F. auritus nidificó a 3,9 m s.n.m.m. y la gran mayoría estuvieron cubiertos. Otras ocho especies de aves compartieron el área predominando numéricamente Nyctanassa violacea.
- Published
- 2015
242. El tabaco de las Indias, la Real Hacienda y el mercado inglés en el primer tercio del siglo XVII
- Author
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Economía e Historia Económica, Martínez Ruiz, José Ignacio, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Economía e Historia Económica, and Martínez Ruiz, José Ignacio
- Abstract
Las expectativas de sumar a los impuestos que gravaban el tabaco procedente de las colonias americanas los beneficios derivados de la negociación mercantil, llevaron a la real hacienda, en el año 1620, a estancar el tabaco de las Indias, esto es, a gestionar de forma directa la compra del producto en origen, su traslado a España y su venta en Sevilla. La información remitida por el factor designado por el rey para hacerse cargo del estanco, Diego Pinelo, permite conocer la geografía y condiciones de producción y comercialización del tabaco en esta fecha tan temprana de su cultivo en las Indias, las dificultades que encontró en el desempeño de su misión y los resultados económicos obtenidos en el primer año y medio de su intervención como administrador del tabaco del rey. La hoja de mejor calidad se remitía tradicionalmente a Inglaterra, de manera que el tabaco se convirtió en estos años, tras el vino y junto con el azúcar, en el capítulo más importante de las exportaciones españolas a dicho país, The Spanish Royal Treasury, with the expectation of adding the profits coming from its trade to the taxes imposed on tobacco from the American colonies, established a state monopoly on Indian tobacco in 1620. By virtue of this decision, from that point onwards the tobacco produced in the colonies would be purchased, sent to Spain, and sold in Seville under state control. The information provided by Diego Pinelo — appointed factor by the king — to the Council of the Indies, describes in great detail the geography, conditions of production, and marketing of tobacco at this early stage of its growth in the Spanish Indies, as well as the difficulties he encountered when carrying out his duties, and the economic outcome of the monopoly in the first year-and-a-half of its operation. The best-quality leaves were traditionally sold to England, one of the most important markets for tobacco in Europe, so that during these years tobacco became, after wine and sugar, the most important single Spanish export to that country
- Published
- 2015
243. Nidificação de Polybia rejecta (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Associada à Azteca chartifex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em Ecótono de Bioma Caatinga/Mata Atlântica, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte
- Author
-
Virgínio, Francisco, Tagliatti Maciel, Tatiane, Corrêa Barbosa, Bruno, Virgínio, Francisco, Tagliatti Maciel, Tatiane, and Corrêa Barbosa, Bruno
- Abstract
Some neotropical social wasps which are associated with some vertebrates and other insects like ants, and these interactions are reported for decades, but little is known about the presence of these in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest. This study describes the first association's record between nests of Polybia rejecta (Fabricius) wasp and Azteca chartifex Forel ants in the transition area of the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga in Rio Grande do Norte. The observations were in a private forest in Monte Alegre, from October 2009 to September 2014 through active search for colonies, use of ad libitum method, photography and collection of specimens with traceability. In the study area were found four active colonies and one abandoned of P. rejecta, all associated with nests of A. chartifex with approach of 20-30 cm. It was found that when the colony of P. rejecta was disturbed, they became aggressive towards the disturbance object, whereas the ants gathered in order to fend off a potential predators. These interactions appear to benefit wasps and ants, it is assumed that is possible that wasps attack ants's predators, whereas the ants attack the wasps's predators. This study corroborates the hypothesis that the association between the social wasps P. rejecta and A. chartifex ants is beneficial for both species, and probably the wasps are the most benefited, but also shows the non-exclusivity of this association for the biomes up then reported., Alguns vespídeos sociais neotropicais se associam com alguns vertebrados e outros insetos, sendo essas interações relatadas há décadas, entretanto pouco se sabe sobre a presença dessas no Bioma Caatinga e Mata Atlântica. Neste estudo descreve-se o primeiro registro de ocorrência da associação entre ninhos de vespas Polybia rejecta (Fabricius) e formigas Azteca chartifex Forel em área de transição da Mata Atlântica e Caatinga no Rio Grande do Norte. As observações ocorreram em mata particular no município de Monte Alegre, de outubro de 2009 a setembro de 2014 através da busca ativa por colônias, uso do método ad libitum, fotografia e coleta de espécimes com posterior identificação. Na área de estudo foram localizadas quatro colônias ativas e uma abandonada de P. rejecta, todas associadas aos ninhos de A. chartifex com aproximação de 20 a 30 cm. Verificou-se que, quando a colônia de P. rejecta era perturbada, os indivíduos se tornavam agressivos, enquanto que as formigas se aglomeravam no intuito de se defenderem de um provável predador. Essas interações parecem beneficiar tanto vespas como formigas, pois se supõe que as vespas agridam possíveis predadores das formigas, enquanto que as formigas atacam aves e primatas predadores das vespas. Este trabalho corrobora com a hipótese de que a associação entre vespas sociais P. rejecta e formigas A. chartifex é benéfica para ambas as espécies, e que provavelmente as vespas são as mais beneficiadas, como também revela a não exclusividade dessa associação para os biomas aqui relatados.
- Published
- 2015
244. The Production of Colonias as Neoliberal Spaces
- Author
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Dolhinow, Rebecca, author
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
245. Introduction
- Author
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Dolhinow, Rebecca, author
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
246. The Production of Women as Neoliberal Leaders
- Author
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Dolhinow, Rebecca, author
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
247. Empowerment and Politicization in the Colonias
- Author
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Dolhinow, Rebecca, author
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
248. The Place of NGOs in Daily Life
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Dolhinow, Rebecca, author
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
249. Guaman Poma de Ayala and the Andean logic of conciliation
- Author
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Juan Dejo
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,History ,Indígenas ,Population ,General Social Sciences ,Conciliación ,Conciliation ,Perú ,colonias ,conciliación ,indígenas ,historia ,Colonias ,Colonial period ,Historia ,Politics ,Peru ,conciliation ,colonial countries ,indigenous people ,history ,education ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Humanities - Abstract
At the beginning of Peruvian colonial period, the time of misunderstanding among the Spaniards and the Andean population was opened. The author, far from conflictive perspective of analysis, shows some signs of the political thought of the Andean people at these times. Guaman Poma de Ayala, in the seventeenth century is one of the smartest chronists in the Andean world. His chronicle, The Nueva Cronica y Buen Gobierno starts the political thought in the mentality, with the message of the conciliation between the two worlds, "la república de españoles y la república de indios"., La Colonia inaugura en el Perú una era de incomunicación e incomprensión entre los sectores dominantes (españoles), y la población indígena. El autor señala algunos de los rasgos más resaltantes de la visión de la política existente entre la población andina en aquellos tiempos. El estudio de la Nueva Crónica y Buen Gobierno, del cronista Guamán Poma de Ayala, uno de los más astutos informantes andinos, nos permite observar los orígenes de un discurso político en el que está presente el interés por la conciliación y la armonía, sin por ello obviar la validez cultural de una identidad andina.
- Published
- 2014
250. The power of 'varas': the councils in Piura at the end of the colony
- Author
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Alejandro Diez Hurtado
- Subjects
Government ,Indígenas ,Perú ,historia ,colonias ,indígenas ,campesinos ,poder político ,General Social Sciences ,Colonias ,Historia ,Peasant ,Colonial period ,Poder político ,Power (social and political) ,Social group ,Economy ,Ethnology ,Peru ,history ,colonial countries ,indigenous people ,peasants ,political power ,Campesinos ,Sociology ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance - Abstract
This article examines the organization and the functioning of the indian councils in Piura highlands, during the late colonial period. It aims to show that the indian and peasant community of today is a product of the colonial period. The councils of the past were used institutionally by the Spanish to impose a system of government based on family differentiation with the indian communities. The councils were institutionalized, established their own expressions of power, classified social groups, and became the vehicles for community protest; a peasant leadership evolves within them, resembling the previous 'cacique' (local chieftain) administrations., Este trabajo analiza la organización y el funcionamiento del cabildo de indios tardío-colonial en la sierra de Piura. Intenta mostrar que la comunidad indígena y campesina contemporánea es un producto colonial: en los antiguos cabildos se institucionaliza un sistema de gobierno impuesto por la administración española basado en la diferenciación de las familias al interior de los pueblos de indios. El cabildo se institucionaliza, fabrica sus símbolos de poder, clasifica los grupos sociales y se constituye en el órgano de protesta comunal; en éstas, se desarrolla un liderazgo campesino que se asemeja al anterior dominio cacical.
- Published
- 2014
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