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Teaching Indonesian as a curriculum compulsory subject (MKWK) in university implies some challenges, considering the teaching is intended for students who have yet to study language theoretically and conceptually formally. This research is reflectively aimed at describing teaching challenges and possibilities. Methodologically, this study involved the researcher as an Indonesian language teacher in a university using a reflective-introspective way to gather data based on his experience. The results of this study are as follows: The students have various scientific backgrounds that are substantially and culturally different. Conditionally, they do not study Indonesian historically, culturally, theoretically, and methodologically. This implies that the orientation of teaching Indonesian needs to be formulated. Indonesian as MKWK is introduced functionally for language purposes in higher education. Language as a signifying medium becomes a verbal or oral communication tool to disseminate knowledge. Thus, the teaching materials are also adjusted elementary to the scientific background of each student. This allows the establishment of relations between Indonesian as a subject and other disciplines. Thus, awareness of this aspect of teaching makes it possible to place Indonesians not as "additional" but as "significant" learning in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hematological indices of Labeo rohita reared at different feeding levels were investigated after 120 days of stocking. Each cement cistern was stocked with 20 numbers of Rohu fingerlings. The treatments were designed as T-0, T-1, T-2 and T-3, where T-0 considered as control. Each treatment was carried in triplicate tanks. Experimental fishes were fed daily @ 1% (T-1), 6% (T-2) and 8% (T-3) of their body weight while in control @ 3% (T-0) of their body weight. The fishes were fed with conventional feeds. They were fed two times daily and the feed was adjusted monthly with increased weight gain. Water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH) were monitored and were found in optimal range. The hematological results showed that there were found significantly difference (p>0.05) in the values obtained for white blood cell, haematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration. Red blood cell recorded highest value (2.24 million/mm3) at 6% feeding level and lowest value (1.23 million/mm3) at 1% feeding level. There was increase in haemoglobin concentration at 6% feeding level (6.97 g/dl) and a decrease at 1% feeding level (3.51 g/dl). Positive correlations among red blood cell, haemoglobin, haematocrit and Packed cell volume. The LD50 dose conducted for challenge study was calculated to be 2.38 × 105 CFU/ml for rohu, Labeo rohita. The LD50 value was found to be 145191.300 for Aeromonas hydrophila. The relative percent survival in the treatment groups obtained was 30 % (T-1), 52% (T-2) and 24% (T-3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: An enormous need for pediatric palliative care (PPC) has been reported, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the access to PPC is limited. This study identifies the current challenges in the provision of PPC and their severity from the perspective of healthcare professionals. Method: We conducted a web-based descriptive cross-sectional survey among healthcare professionals treating children in need of palliative care in Mexico in 2019. We used convenience sampling and snowball sampling to acquire participants. Results: Seventy healthcare professionals from Mexico participated. Participants were 64.3% female, on average 45.8 (SD = 10.9) years old, had an average of 15.84 (SD = 10.4) years of work experience and worked in 15 states. The three most severe barriers reported were: (1) Few teams and/or networks of out-of-hospital/domestic support; (2) Absence of training centres and continuing medical/paramedical education in PPC; and (3) Lack of legal, labor, and economic protection for parents who must stop working to be with their children. The barriers related to a lack of awareness and commitment, a lack of support, legal factors, and working conditions were rated highest. Participants considered increased awareness and better knowledge of PPC for all as the top priority, and particularly emphasized the need for better education and training of health professionals. Conclusion: We have identified several barriers to successful palliative care (PC) provision for children. Primarily, these are lack of awareness and commitment, especially of the health authorities and the medical professions, lack of personal and financial support, legal factors, and working conditions. The need to change and improve care exists at the policy level, the health professional level, and the public societal level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of the research is to reflect on education in the perspective of ideology, which is an analysis of the contrast between realism and idealism; This research is an analyticalinferential method and in the form of a qualitative research.In this research, after explaining and explaining the ideology, the challenges of education in the present era were investigated and analyzed.According to the theoretical foundations, it can be assumed that, in case this thinking dominates the educational system, on the one hand, the goals, content, and even the method of education with foundations (science, religion, and philosophy), due to the dominance of pale ideology, and on the other hand The inconsistency of members and educational elements with the manifesto - in some cases - will make even the goals of the ideology not to be achieved .In fact, the polarized schemas of the special group will control the knowledge and social attitude of the activists in the field of education, and by presenting and implementing mental models, it will guide the discourse and actions of the activists in this field, and in case of disharmony, Incompatibility has formed and education is doomed to stagnation.In this regard, the demonstration of the teacher and inclusive of dissent in order to protect himself in the system, and the cost of identifying and keeping him on the manifest rail by the government, will take the energy of the activists in the field of education, and our polarized belief (positive) and They (the negative), will form a rebellious mentality.Finally, based on theoretical foundations, a change in the dominant ideology of a country may occur with the change of governments and parties, but getting rid of ideology in today's world is a self-deception. The concept of education in this field should be learned and be able to live in this challenge. The compatibility of education elements, the manifesto as a capacity and avoiding the definition of the same manifesto as content and finally not reducing the manifesto to individual ideas, can lead to success in the field of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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While requests for confirmation (RfCs) make a yes/no-response relevant, recipients often produce more than a mere confirmation. Our paper explores expanded responses to RfCs in German talk-in-interaction. We focus on responses consisting of a confirmation and an additional TCU/action. Drawing on video data from mundane and institutional settings, we demonstrate how expanded responses are designed and fit the sequential environments in which they occur. We show four different functions fulfilled with expanded responses: (i) specifying and elaborating on the topic introduced in the RfC, (ii) accounting for the intelligibility of the speaker's prior actions, (iii) resisting the terms of the RfC, and (iv) challenging a RfC by referring to the recipient's pre-existing knowledge. Finally, we summarize interactional features relevant for the occurrence of expanded responses in our data. In addition, we discuss the implications of our results for future cross-linguistic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how requests for confirmation (RfCs) can be used as devices for challenging or disagreeing with another participant, their talk, or their action(s) in informal interaction. Based on their defining pragmatic characteristics, we identify two generic interactional affordances RfCs offer their speakers: (1) a capacity to do questioning and (2) a capacity to forward propositional content. While these two affordances are generally utilized together, one or the other may be mobilized more strongly when bringing off challenging or disagreement-implicative actions. Drawing on interactional data in (Peninsular) Spanish and (American) English, and using conversation analytic methods, we illustrate how participants may differentially draw on these two basic affordances with respect to two major classes of "challengeables": (1) a co-participant's claims and assertions (or the stances with which they are delivered), and (2) a co-participant's plans or decisions. We end with a discussion of the usefulness of an affordance-based approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article describes a study conducted in the discipline of "science education in nature", offered 100% in the distance learning mode, for undergraduate students in biological sciences and pedagogy. The aim was to develop a challenge that would stimulate students creativity and engagement. Through the virtual learning platform, students exchanged information and collaborated with each other. The challenge resulted in a significant increase in student engagement and facilitated the connection between theory and practice. The findings highlight the importance of strategies that promote engagement in distance learning, especially in the discipline in which it was applied. The challenge-based approach stimulates creativity, critical thinking, and the development of essential skills for teacher education in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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It seems that every knowledge arises from a paradigm and is defined with its own words; words make it possible to transfer knowledge and show their epistemological point of view. In addition, specialized terms and their definitions are basic in transferring concepts and expanding science. Therefore, it seems that their imprecise application, especially in research activities, can lead to a deviation in the recognition of the researcher's intellectual paradigm, and subsequently questioning the questions and goals, theoretical and operational solutions, findings, and especially the research results. For this reason, the present study attempts to define the term "challenge" correctly and explain a framework of its criteria in urban research, especially in tourism. Then, it analyzes the content of domestic and foreign articles on sustainable tourism, and finally, it compares their approach with this term. The present qualitative research, using an interpretive-critical paradigm and employing an interrogative strategy, has collected the necessary information through library studies and utilized the systematic content analysis method. Based on the results of this research, the desired definition of the word "challenge" in tourism research is: "A challenge is a new condition and situation that introduces issues and problems into various areas and dimensions, from outside the urban system, and influences its future trajectory; depending on its scale, the urban system requires the responsible and active deployment of all its potential and actual capabilities in order to provide promising solutions to overcome prevailing conditions and achieve desired goals." Ultimately, based on a comparative analysis of forty domestic and foreign articles, it seems that currently, some domestic researchers do not have a clear and accurate understanding of the term "challenge" according to the defined criteria. It appears that one of the main reasons for the difference in attitude towards the term "challenge" in domestic and foreign research is the literal translation of this term into Persian; which should be considered in future research to take into account all aspects of the concept and its criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted education system across the world and caused changes in how schools conduct their daily activities. As a result, practical learning among polytechnic students has shifted to an online mode of delivery. This research investigated the challenges faced by engineering students at Kuching Polytechnic Sarawak during online practical learning and their stress levels. Online survey using quantitative approach was adopted inn this research to identify the challenges and students' stress levels during the online practical learning. A total of 335 engineering students were selected using simple random sampling method. The research found that the smartphone is a modern device used by students frequently, while videos from YouTube sources were commonly used as a teaching material by the lecturers. This study also found out that the challenge and the engineering students' stress level are at a moderate level, and there was no significant difference in the stress level between male and female students. Nevertheless, this research discovered that there was a significant relationship between the stress level and the student challenges during online practical learning. The present findings suggest that students should take these challenges as opportunities to explore a more innovative way of learning to ensure their engagement in online practical learning is more effective. Besides, lecturers should integrate educational technology into online practical learning in order to make the learning process more engaging and adaptive. On top of that, the findings also recommend that the Ministry of Higher Education should formulate a strategy to improve the infrastructure and provide specific training for TVET lecturers to enhance their pedagogical competency in online practical teaching in engineering education. This aspect requires further research to ensure that online practical learning is not regarded as an obstacle for both students and lecturers . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Examining flow of Mobile Legends player correlating to compulsive buying on in-game items and factors related to flow such as enjoyment, skills, difficulty and avatar identification. Methodology/design: The data were obtained using surveys distributed via several gaming communities' group chats and channels including Discord and WhatsApp, where they were collected from 275 respondents. Findings: The research revealed that flow does have an impact on compulsive buying. Additionally, challenge and telepresence have a favorable impact on flow where skill and fun were not encouraged. Meanwhile, avatar identification is positively impacted by avatar attractiveness and personalization. Avatar identification thus has a favorable impact on flow. This study focused on the connection between compulsive shopping, avatar identity, and player behavior. Originality/value: The research hypotheses for this study can be summed up as: How can flow positively affect compulsive buying? Therefore, this study aims to identify and examine its significance through the variables of player behavior and avatar identification, which are the stimuli of flow in games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Challenge based learning is not generally considered part of positive education. This study argues that challenge based learning should be considered and integrated with positive education to advance it from three perspectives. First, the aims of both educational approaches emphasize the promotion of engagement, meaning, achievement, and learning. Second, empirical studies suggest that challenge based learning is likely to enhance well-being and learning outcomes, aligning with positive education's impact. Third, incorporating challenge based learning in positive education will likely address multiple criticisms of positive education and help advance it by incorporating real-life challenges, meaningful contexts, experiential learning, collective perspectives, and educational studies. To advance positive education, more empirical studies should be conducted on the impact of challenge based learning on well-being to fill the research gap in quantity, scope of variables, and longitudinal studies, with due consideration of its variety in implementation. Furthermore, innovative integration of challenge based learning and existing positive education interventions should be explored based on comparative analyses of both approaches to develop positive education that enables learners to flourish with challenges at the individual and collective levels. Positive education that explicitly incorporates challenges is called the positive education of challenge. To advance the positive education of challenge, more educational approaches (other than challenge based learning) that focus on challenges (e.g., challenge courses and pedagogy of challenge) should also be explored for integration with positive education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organ transplantation stands as a pivotal achievement in modern medicine, offering hope to individuals with end-stage organ diseases. Advancements in immunology led to improved organ transplant survival through the development of immunosuppressants, but this heightened susceptibility to fungal infections with nonspecific symptoms in recipients. This review aims to establish an intricate balance between immune responses and fungal infections in organ transplant recipients. It explores the fundamental immune mechanisms, recent advances in immune response dynamics, and strategies for immune modulation, encompassing responses to fungal infections, immunomodulatory approaches, diagnostics, treatment challenges, and management. Early diagnosis of fungal infections in transplant patients is emphasized with the understanding that innate immune responses could potentially reduce immunosuppression and promise efficient and safe immuno-modulating treatments. Advances in fungal research and genetic influences on immune-fungal interactions are underscored, as well as the potential of single-cell technologies integrated with machine learning for biomarker discovery. This review provides a snapshot of the complex interplay between immune responses and fungal infections in organ transplantation and underscores key research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Metformin has been used clinically for more than six decades. Over time, numerous remarkable effects of metformin beyond the clinic have been discovered and discussed. Metformin has been shown to have a favorable impact on cancer therapy in addition to its clinically recognized hypoglycemic effect. However, the antitumor efficacy of metformin in humans has not been clearly demonstrated yet. Hence, a systematic analysis of the existing trials is necessary. Methods: Here, we retrieved clinical trials from the Clinical Trials.gov database to overview the clinical development of metformin for the treatment of cancer, analyze existing clinical results, and summarize some promising applications for specific cancer therapies. Results: The potential application of metformin contains three directions: Firstly, improvement of metabolic factors associated with treatment effects, such as insulin resistance and peripheral neuropathy. Secondly, in combination with immune checkpoint blockade effects. Finally, use it for the endocrine treatment of hormone-dependent cancers. Conclusion: Although the outcomes of metformin as a repurposed agent in some trials have been unsatisfactory, it still has the potential to be used in select cancer therapy settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intervention parameters such as the challenge, amount, and dosage (challenge × amount) have the potential to alter the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions after stroke. This systematic review investigated the effect of intervention parameters of challenge, amount, and dosage on improvements in walking outcomes following treadmill training (TT) and comparison interventions in people with stroke. Randomized controlled trials were included if they: (i) investigated interventions of TT or bodyweight-supported TT (BWSTT); (ii) made comparisons with other physiotherapy interventions, other types of TT, or no intervention; (iii) studied people with stroke; (iv) reported sufficient data on challenge and amount parameters; and (v) measured walking speed or endurance. Completeness of reporting was evaluated using the TIDieR-Rehab checklist and risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The review included 26 studies; 15 studies compared TT or BWSTT with other physiotherapy interventions and 11 studies compared different types of TT. Meta-analyses provided evidence with low to moderate certainty that greater differences in challenge and dosage between treadmill and comparison physiotherapy interventions produced greater effects on walking endurance (p < 0.01). However, challenge and dosage did not influence walking speed outcomes. The analysis of intervention amount was limited by the lack of studies that manipulated the amount of intervention. Overall, the findings indicate that, after stroke, some of the efficacy of TT on walking endurance can be explained by the challenge level during training. This supports the implementation of TT at higher challenge levels in stroke rehabilitation practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the challenges, strategies and prospects of interfaith dialogue in the post-truth age. Conflicting truth claims constitute one of the major obstacles in establishing dialogue and rapprochement among believers. Some members of faith communities have an exclusivist view of the truth, which prevents them from embracing other truths. This would hinder the progress of interfaith ecumenism. Using qualitative content analysis, the results of the current study show that the rise of post-truth poses additional challenges to the progress of interfaith dialogue since it evaluates the truthfulness of information based on personal believability and inclinations. In the age of post-truth, societal fragmentation is amplified as there are polarized conceptions of truth. Some strategies can be undertaken in response to these challenges, such as nurturing empathy, compassion, and religious moderatism through formal and informal education. In addition, critical argumentation and civil dialogue within academia should be adopted for a larger society. This paper argues that the prospects for interfaith dialogue in the post-truth age depend on the strength of civil society actors who can moderate the tension and polarization within the society by maintaining civility either offline or online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. A total of 150-day-old chicks were divided into three groups of 50 birds (G1-G3); G1 and G2 were orally inoculated at 1-day old with 0.5 ml of 107 TCID50/ml FAdV-D serotype 2 (MT386509.1) and FAdV-E serotype 8a (MW847902), respectively, and G3 was blank control group. 2. Cell-mediated immune response was evaluated by detection of CD4, CD8 T lymphocytes and the mRNA expression of IL6 and IL8 in the chicken spleen using q-PCR. Additionally, immunopathology was performed at 3, 5 and 7 day post infection (dpi) and weekly until the end of the experiment. 3. Results revealed that transcription of inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL8) was up regulated in the spleen of FAdV type D and type E infected chickens at various time points relative to the control group. A marked decrease in the number of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes at 5 and 7 dpi in G1 of chickens infected with FAdV type D. Whereas, in chickens infected with FAdV type E, the CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes were markedly decreased at 7 dpi. 4. In contrast, there were no significant differences in humoral immune responses against NDV vaccine in (G1 and G2) at different intervals post-vaccination compared to the control group. The histopathology of the bursa, thymus, and spleen in the infected groups showed lymphocytolysis with severe reticular cells hyperplasia and lymphoid depletion. 5. In conclusion, fowl adenovirus types D and E have an immunosuppressive effect in broilers which may be considered one of the main causes of the continuous co-infections with other viruses reported in the field during the last 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) remains an infectious agent with high importance in the swine industry. In this study, the influence of maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) on an experimental PRRSV-1 challenge is investigated. Piglets included in the study (n = 36) originated from a Belgian farrow-to-finish herd in which the sow population was routinely vaccinated with a modified live vaccine against PRRSV. Eighteen piglets were born from three PRRSV-seropositive sows (responders to vaccination) and had a clear presence of PRRSV-specific MDAs (E+ piglets). The other eighteen piglets were born from three PRRSV-seronegative sows (non-responders to vaccination) and did not have PRRSV-specific MDAs (E− piglets). In each group, twelve piglets were intranasally challenged with a high dose of the heterologous PRRSV-1 07V063 strain, the remaining piglets were mock-challenged (PBS) and served as controls. During the first days after infection, higher serum viremia and nasal shedding were observed in the challenged E− piglets compared to the challenged E+ piglets. However, at 10 days post-infection, the peak serum viremia was significantly higher in the E+ piglets in comparison to the E− piglets and serum viremia remained slightly higher in this group until the end of the study. Additionally, the two challenged groups had a different immune response to the PRRSV infection. The E− challenged piglets showed an earlier and more intense seroconversion, leading to significantly higher antibody titers at 10 dpi compared to the E+ challenged piglets. Furthermore, a trend towards both higher induction of serum IFN-γ and higher induction of IFN-γ secreting cells was observed in the E− challenged piglets. In contrast, a significantly higher induction of serum TNF-α at 7 dpi was seen in the E+ challenged piglets compared to the E− challenged piglets. The results gathered in this study suggest that PRRSV-specific MDAs induce partial protection during the early stages of infection but are not sufficient to protect against a high challenge dose. The presence of piglets lacking PRRSV-specific MDAs might pose a risk for PRRSV infection and enhanced transmission in pig farms in young piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Telecommunications Science is the property of Beijing Xintong Media Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Indonesia adopted the UNICEF’s child-friendly school (CFS) model as the attempt protection and fulfillment of children’s rights in education. The topdown implementation of child-friendly schools and bureaucratic imperatives have made many schools not ready to implement the model so the childfriendly school program is still far from expectations and reality. Many interests in the implementation of child-friendly schools make students vulnerable to being the victims of education political policies. This article aims to explain school challenges in child-friendly school implementation. Qualitative method with case study approach used through observations, interviews, and focus group discussions at three senior high schools in Surakarta City, Indonesia. The results show that the challenges of implementing child-friendly schools lead to three things, namely mentoring and sustainability, technical implementation, and evaluation mechanism. The simultaneous CFS declarations have not been adapted to the readiness, willingness, and needs of each school. Fulfilling the challenges of implementation is able to make CFS not just a slogan but a school’s need to provide protection and fulfillment of children’s rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important task of China’s agricultural development is to achieve modernization in all respects. The rural revitalization strategy was first introduced in the report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. This strategy now stands as the general guiding principle and central task of China’s agricultural initiatives in the new era and serves as a pivotal move toward advancing agricultural modernization. Taking into consideration the current situation of China’s agricultural development, the authors analyze the factors driving agricultural modernization and project the trajectory of agricultural modernization by 2035. The findings indicate that China has created a conducive institutional and development environment in production, consumption, industry, science and technology, trade, etc., thereby laying a solid foundation for its agricultural modernization. Projections suggest that by 2035, China will establish itself as the world’s preeminent nation in agricultural production and consumption, a powerhouse in agricultural industrialization and agricultural product trading, and a leading country in agricultural science and technology. However, China still faces tremendous challenges in terms of consumption structures, quality requirements, industrial development, format innovation, production methods, service functions, scientific and technological levels, and personnel structure. Therefore, on the path to agricultural modernization, China still needs to advance the structural reforms on the agricultural supply side, shift its agricultural production and operation methods, elevate its level of opening up in agriculture, and foster a deeper integration between urban and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a fast-growing sector, and medical tourism is no exception. The increasing Muslim population has led to Muslim-friendly medical tourism being intensified by Organization of the Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. This can be seen from the large number of Muslim tourists who seek Muslimfriendly services for medical tourism, so hospitality management is important. The method of this research is a systematic literature review, which comes from several internationally reputable papers in Scopus and rankings in Scimago. This shows that the quality of medical tourism papers has gone through a rigorous selection process. The results of this study indicate that medical tourism has many enthusiasts. Furthermore, technological readiness is needed for the effectiveness of medical tourism promotion because it can reach the whole world. Medical tourism facilities, distance, and culture in the destination country are considered by medical tourism tourists in making decisions. This research can be useful for medical tourism service providers to further improve services and for the government to improve infrastructure in the medical tourism sector in order to attract foreign tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration has been the goal in many industries, including in the software development industry. One example of this integration comes in the form of integrating AI in the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). To date, the difficulties of incorporating AI-based tools into particular phases of SDLC have not received much attention in research. Using qualitative approach, this study aims to discover the perception on the use of AI-based tools and challenges in integrating them in the analysis phase of SDLC. The study finds out that analyst have positive perception about integrating this technology in their field of work but there are some challenges while integrating this technology such as data security and reliability concern, dependency, and adapting to this technology. This study also discovers some key factors of why some analysts adopt or refuse this technology namely time, urgency, budget, and insecurities of the users.

The start of higher vocational education and training is a new stage for students with a challenge between theoretical classes and the new expectations and demands of companies during the internship period. To understand some of the implications of stress on cyberloafing, we can distinguish between stress perceived as an obstacle that can be overcome – challenge stress – or as a threat that can block work performance – obstacle stress – and stress perceived as an obstacle that can be overcome – challenge stress – or as a threat that can block work performance – obstacle stress-. The aim of this research is to find out the relationships between challenge-obstacle stress in Cyberloafing, as well as the moderating effect of Smartphone Addiction and Maladaptive. In this study, the Challenge-Hindrance Stressors, Smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV) instrument, the Maladaptive subscale of the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Cyberloafing were applied to 403 upper-level vocational training students from different secondary schools in all provinces of the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain, distributed throughout the provinces that make up this autonomous community. The findings show that students’ challenge stressors do not increase Cyberloafing, enabling them to cope with the academic demands and work challenges during the theory and internship period. On the contrary, obstacle stressors generate stressful situations that undermine the acquisition of objectives and development of academic competences. In our research we observe that challenge-obstacle stressors have a disparate influence on cyberloafing. Challenge stressors are negatively related to Maladaptive. The same is not true for obstacle stressors.

Seaweed cultivation has garnered significant interest, driven by its wide range of biomass benefits. However, comprehensive assessments from various perspectives are imperative to ensure the sustainable cultivation of seaweed. Biotic and Abiotic factors can significantly impact seaweed yield in complex commercial farming. Biotic factors include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other algae, while abiotic factors include environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity, light intensity, and nutrient availability. Additionally, the susceptibility of seaweeds to pests and diseases further compounds the issue, leading to potential crop losses. This study endeavours to shed light on the immense potential of macroalgae cultivation and underscores the pressing need for scientific advancements in this field. The comprehensive review clearly explains the latest developments in seaweed cultivation and highlights significant advances from diverse seaweed research. Moreover, it provides insightful glimpses into possible future developments that could shape the trajectory of this promising industry.

The failure of endogenous repair is the main feature of neurological diseases that cannot recover the damaged tissue and the resulting dysfunction. Currently, the range of treatment options for neurological diseases is limited, and the approved drugs are used to treat neurological diseases, but the therapeutic effect is still not ideal. In recent years, different studies have revealed that neural stem cells (NSCs) have made exciting achievements in the treatment of neurological diseases. NSCs have the potential of self-renewal and differentiation, which shows great foreground as the replacement therapy of endogenous cells in neurological diseases, which broadens a new way of cell therapy. The biological functions of NSCs in the repair of nerve injury include neuroprotection, promoting axonal regeneration and remyelination, secretion of neurotrophic factors, immune regulation, and improve the inflammatory microenvironment of nerve injury. All these reveal that NSCs play an important role in improving the progression of neurological diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance to better understand the functional role of NSCs in the treatment of neurological diseases. In view of this, we comprehensively discussed the application and value of NSCs in neurological diseases as well as the existing problems and challenges.

Abstract Background Acquired functional inhibitory antibodies are one of several humoral immune mechanisms used to neutralize foreign pathogens. In vitro bioassays are useful tools for quantifying antibody-mediated inhibition and evaluating anti-parasite immune antibodies. However, a gap remains in understanding of how antibody-mediated inhibition in vitro translates to inhibition in vivo. In this study, two well-characterized transgenic Plasmodium berghei parasite lines, PbmCh-luc and Pb-PfCSP(r), and murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to P. berghei and Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP), 3D11 and 2A10, respectively, were used to evaluate antibody-mediated inhibition of parasite development in both in vitro and in vivo functional assays. Methods IC50 values of mAbs were determined using an established inhibition of liver-stage development assay (ILSDA). For the in vivo inhibition assay, mice were passively immunized by transfer of the mAbs and subsequently challenged with 5.0 × 103 sporozoites via tail vein injection. The infection burden in both assays was quantified by luminescence and qRT-PCR of P. berghei 18S rRNA normalized to host GAPDH. Results The IC50 values quantified by relative luminescence of mAbs 3D11 and 2A10 were 0.396 µg/ml and 0.093 µg/ml, respectively, against transgenic lines in vitro. Using the highest (> 90%) inhibitory antibody concentrations in a passive transfer, an IC50 of 233.8 µg/ml and 181.5 µg/ml for mAbs 3D11 and 2A10, respectively, was observed in vivo. At 25 µg (250 µg/ml), the 2A10 antibody significantly inhibited liver burden in mice compared to control. Additionally, qRT-PCR of P. berghei 18S rRNA served as a secondary validation of liver burden quantification. Conclusions Results from both experimental models, ILSDA and in vivo challenge, demonstrated that increased concentrations of the homologous anti-CSP repeat mAbs increased parasite inhibition. However, differences in antibody IC50 values between parasite lines did not allow a direct correlation between the inhibition of sporozoite invasion in vitro by ILSDA and the inhibition of mouse liver stage burden. Further studies are needed to establish the conditions for confident predictions for the in vitro ILSDA to be a predictor of in vivo outcomes using this model system.

EMI program is an innovative program that has gained high popularity in the countries where English is a second or foreign language. This is due to the benefits that the program offers; to the students, the lecturers and the institutions. However, the program also brings up some challenges that have to be settled by all that involve. This study investigates the lecturers’ perception on the benefits and challenges of EMI Program in a public university in North Bali, Indonesia. The data were collected by distributing questionnaires to the lecturers who taught in EMI classes. Data triangulation was conducted by doing a semi-structured interview with three lecturers. The study findings revealed that the most of the lecturers agreed on the benefits of EMI classes in increasing the exposures of the lecturers and students to English and opportunity in using it and improving the English skills of both the lecturers and students, as well as the students’ content learning. Regarding the institutions’ profile and internationalization, most of the lecturers agreed that EMI classes give contribution to them. In addition, most of the lecturers also perceived that EMI classes increase the lecturers’ and students’ career and study prospect. In terms of the challenges of the EMI program, most of the lecturers mostly agreed that the lecturers’ and students’ language abilities, students’ participation, EMI pedagogy, which includes the effective teaching strategies were challenges that they faced in the program implementation. However, regarding learning resources and technology used in EMI classes, most of them disagreed with the statements; meaning that they did not encounter difficulty in accessing resources and integrating the needed technology in their EMI classes

Abstract Background Clinical learning focuses on real problems in the context of professional practice in which learners are motivated by its relevance and active participation. Studies showed that midwifery students were challenged by the absence of a variety of cases in non-teaching hospitals, overcrowded teaching hospitals, absence of objective-based evaluation methods, and lack of supervision from clinical instructors. If the theory learned in class was applied in practice, it is helpful to produce skillful and competent midwifery professionals. The aim of this study was exploring opportunities and challenges for midwifery students in the clinical learning environment. Methods the study was conducted in public Universities of Tigray, Ethiopia. Phenomenology study design and purposive sampling technique were employed; four focused group discussions and five key informant interviews were conducted. Data were collected using an open-ended guide, transcribed verbatim, entered into ATLAS ti7 software, and translated. Then codes and themes were derived from the transcribed data, and finally analyzed thematically. Results a total of 33 participants in which 28 in four focused group discussions and five key informant interviews participated in this study. Based on the result, midwifery students were getting opportunities to practice when they were assigned to non-teaching hospitals, working with close supervision, having smooth relationships with staff, receiving constructive feedback, and evaluated based on their skills. Whereas, they were challenged by aggressive staff, poor follow up, overcrowded teaching hospitals, low usage of skills lab, and short time for clinical practice. Conclusion Midwifery students have positive attitude, and were getting opportunities to practice while they were assigned to a very conducive clinical learning environment with supportive and skillful clinical instructors/ preceptors. However, they have negative attitude, and were challenged to work due to the poor attention given to midwifery students’ clinical learning. It is recommended that midwifery students have to practice well in skills lab before they assigned for clinical practice so that the skills lab have to be strengthen with all necessary materials for clinical practice and clinical instructors have to be integrated to teaching hospitals so as to educate students while their hands-on.

The purpose of the paper is to report on the development status of the Qingyang cluster of the Gansu Hub of the ＆quot;Channel Computing Resources from the East to the West＆quot;, to find out the existing problems, to look forward to the development prospects, and to accelerate the pace of the construction of the Qingyang cluster of the Gansu Hub.Literature research and field research methods were used to investigate and analyze the characteristic advantages, achievements, challenges and problems of the Qingyang cluster, and finally to look forward to the prospects for the construction of the Qingyang cluster.Suggestions were made: deploy from the national, provincial and cluster levels, through the implementation of industrial innovation and development period, industrial ecological enhancement period, industrial highland casting period three-step strategy, to complete the ＆quot;seven strategies＆quot; tasks, focusing on the development of the ＆quot;Channel Computing Resources from the East to the West＆quot; core, derivatives, empowering the ＆quot;three industries＆quot;.It will complete the tasks of ＆quot;seven strategies＆quot;, focus on the development of ＆quot;Channel Computing Resources from the East to the West＆quot; core, derivation and empowerment industries, the formation of ＆quot;three systems＆quot; of smart computing, intelligence and smart production, and the establishment of a ＆quot;green, scientific and technological, and safe＆quot; smart park.

Lung transplantation (LTx) is the only effective treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease. The field of LTx has undergone tremendous progress over the past four decades in China. The domestic filed of LTx is in a new era of rapid development. Clinically, LTx is steadily increasing both in quantity and quality. It has been reported that 3 600 LTx have been successfully performed in the last 7 years, and 54 institutions have been accredited to perform LTx. In scientific research terms, the international top-tier journals have recently published clinical research data on LTx in China for the first time. In addition, several exciting breakthroughs have been made in basic research of LTx in China, indicating that both the clinical work and scientific research of LTx are gradually approaching the forefront worldwide. In spite of significant advancements, several challenges and bottlenecks remain, including the LTx team building, quality control, implement of standard procedure and technical specification, development of expert consensus and guideline, data registration, and database creating. This paper aims to review the current domestic status of LTx from both clinical and scientific researching perspectives, and afterwards analyze the main challenges faced.

In online communication, emojis are widely used and are often considered as beautiful and exciting additions to the original text. Emojis are now referred to as the "language of the online age" and "the fastest growing language in the world." In digital text messaging, it is possible to convey humor, emotion and sociality through emojis. However, the question is that in addition to the role of text beautification and transmission of emotions, is it possible to commit a crime by sending emojis? What are the challenges faced by jurisprudence in dealing with emojis as evidence? Therefore, the present article first examines the role of emojis in crimes such as intimidation and insults by recognizing different judicial examples of criminal cases and emoji-related proceedings, and then the challenges facing acceptance. Emoji evidence is evaluated in criminal proceedings.Findings show that criminal activities can be committed under the guise of emotional emoji function and their role in facilitating trust for a criminal purpose, and in particular crimes such as threatening, insulting or sexually abusing children, can be sent through Emojis occur. However, Criminal Courts In interpreting emojis and evaluating them as evidence,They face challenges such as poor expression and implication of emojis in criminal proceedings, change of platform, cultural differences in the interpretation of emojis, and instability of the psychological element in emoji-based crimes After getting acquainted with the challenges in emoji-based criminal proceedings, it has been tried to introduce solutions to these challenges in order to resolve the problems and create a unified judicial procedure.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected all social, economic, and religious strata of life. An epidemic may result in the death of many people, which is more severe in the case of highly contagious diseases such as COVID-19 [1]. Corpse management of the disease victims includes a series of activities, from searching, finding, and organizing corpses to their storage, identification, documenting, and eventual delivery to their families for proper burial based on regional beliefs. Handling dead bodies is one of the most challenging aspects of the primary disaster response phase [2].

Abstract The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is the first vaccine developed specifically targeting the prevention of cervical cancer. For more than 15 years, China has expedited a series of efforts on research and development of the domestically manufactured HPV vaccines, producing local population-based evidence, promoting free HPV vaccination from pilots, and launching action plans to tackle barriers in the scale-up of HPV vaccination. To further roll out the HPV vaccination program in China, several challenges should be addressed to support the steps forward. The availability of more locally manufactured HPV vaccines, pricing negotiation and local evidence supporting the efficacy of one-dose schedule would greatly alleviate the continued supply and financial constraints in China. Meanwhile, more attention should be paid to girls living in low-resource areas and males to ensure equal access to the HPV vaccination. Furthermore, linkage to secondary prevention and further real-world monitoring and evaluation are warranted to inform effective cervical cancer prevention strategies in the post-vaccine era. Graphical Abstract

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and debilitating disorder that strongly affects people with AD and their families. The changes in signs of the disease and its treatment lead to many challenges in people with AD that affect the performance and the ability of caregivers, their social life, and physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of caregivers' health. Therefore, this study was designed to develop and validate the Care Challenge Scale (CCS) for family caregivers of people with AD in the care context of Iran.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study, and the primary scale was based on 14 semi-structured interviews with family caregivers of Iranian people with AD. In the next phase, the psychometric features were assessed, including the face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative), item analysis, structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factors), and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity). Finally, the reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega coefficient, and the average inter-item correlation), stability (intraclass correlation coefficient), and absolute reliability.ResultsTotally, 435 Iranian family caregivers filled out online questionnaires, with a mean age of 50.26(±13.24) years. Based on the results of the qualitative phase, an item pool was generated with 389 items, and after deleting overlapping and unrelated items, the CCS with 14 items was created. The results of the quantitative phase showed that the CCS consists of two factors with 10 items each, which are named effective role-play challenge and lack of social-financial support, and they explained 42.23% of the total variance. Furthermore, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fitness of the scale structure model, and it had convergent and discriminant validity. The reliability indexes showed this scale has internal consistency and stability.ConclusionThe most care challenge among Iranian family caregivers of people with AD is effective role-play challenges and lack of social-financial support. The scale as designed has good validity, internal consistency, and stability that can be used by therapists, nurses, and researchers for the assessment of the challenges of this population.

(1) Background: In developed countries, public health faces a number of problems, including sedentary lifestyles and poor diets, which collectively contribute to the occurrence of preventable diseases. Noncommunicable diseases represent the leading cause of global mortality. Despite the promotion of healthy living, compliance remains a significant challenge. The integration of gamification into health apps has been demonstrated to facilitate behavioral change. Blockchain technology enhances the effectiveness of gamification by providing data trustability and support for auditable incentives. This feature is possible and easy due to the inherent characteristics of blockchain automating processes through Smart Contracts, rewarding participants and creating leaderboards in a transparent and reliable manner. The use of smart contracts and events enhances the traceability and reliability of decentralized applications, including healthcare. Interoperability in blockchain tools facilitates the deployment of complex environments. The aim of this research is the deployment of a tool for the implementation and testing of a gamification platform based on blockchain technology. (2) Methods: Pre-experimental research was carried out to assess the usability of the decentralized application developed. (3) Results: A decentralized application was developed with the objective of gamifying healthy habits. The application was evaluated using the System Usability Scale, obtaining a score of 80.49, and the Cronbach’s Alpha score, which was found to be 0.75. (4) Conclusions: A prototype of a decentralized application connected with a blockchain network to reward challenge fulfilment was deployed. Despite being in early development, it demonstrated high usability. Employing blockchain technology guarantees transparency and traceability while remaining in compliance with legal requirements like the General Data Protection Regulation.

Smart buildings play a key role in the complex ecosystem of cities and are often subject to barriers that limit their development. Although identifying these barriers is fundamental to creating an enabling environment for this segment’s expansion, few works aim to identify these challenges. This work has two main objectives: (1) to research the main barriers limiting the development of new smart building projects and (2) to prioritize these barriers from the perspective of professionals with experience in the field. We adopted an exploratory approach common in research that focuses on identifying and prioritizing variables related to a phenomenon, which is based on two main actions: obtaining information through a careful literature review and consulting professionals who work in the concerned field. The results showed that professionals assessed the 23 barriers identified through bibliographic research as important, with the most important being related to lack of qualified professionals, shortage of government policies, higher initial and construction costs, macroeconomic barriers and access to financing, high cost of intelligent systems and technologies, regulatory barriers, lack of knowledge about the current and potential benefits of smart buildings, and more complex design and construction.

Integrated ocean management (IOM) aligns with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and serves as a crucial strategy for promoting the enduring health of marine ecosystems and the sustainable utilization of marine resources. An analysis of the evolution of China’s integrated ocean management policy (IOMP) is crucial for providing valuable guidance in achieving sustainable growth in marine management and the marine economy for both China and other coastal nations worldwide. This paper studies the evolution characteristics, challenges, and prospects of IOMP in China since 1978 using content analysis. The findings indicate that the evolution of IOMP can be categorized into four stages: the germination period (1978–1998), the construction period (1999–2009), the systematization period (2010–2017), and the strategization period (2018–present), based on the state of international marine management. The IOMP has transitioned over time from its initial emphasis on resource development during the germination period to a strategization period that prioritizes the full development of all parts of the system. However, the ultimate goal has consistently been to achieve harmonious coexistence between people and the sea. China’s IOMP has experienced a progressive development; nevertheless, it continues to encounter obstacles such as the pressing requirement to revise sea-related policies and the absence of policy alignment. The objective of this paper is to explore the evolution, challenges, and prospects of China’s IOMP to better improve the land–sea coordination policy, strengthen international judicial cooperation. and provide effective policy reference for other maritime countries.