Search

This study was conducted duringtwo successive seasons of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 at Biotechnology Department, Phytochemistry Department and Farm of Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants (ARCMP) affiliated to the National Organization for Drug Control And Research (NODCAR). The present work aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation Apium graveolens L. seeds with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (my) and/or microbein (mi) biofertilizer and foliar spray plants with Thidiazuron (TDZ) combined with chemical fertilizer at half or full dose of NPK on number of spores Am fungi (kg soil-1), AM fungi colonization , enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase activity [µg TPF/g dry soil/day] & Nitrogenase activity [nmol C2H4/g rhizosphere/ hour]), growth parameters (fresh weight of shoots per plant (g), fresh weight of roots per plant (g), dry weight of shoots per plant (g), dry weight of roots per plant (g), Plant height (cm), number of umbel per plant [at full flowering stage] & dry weight of fruits per plant [at harvest stage]) and chemical composition (plant pigments [chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoides], macro elements content (%), total carbohydrates, and crude protein). The results in both seasons showed that, the highest values of number of AM fungi spores (kg soil-1) in celery (Apium graveolens L.) roots, AM fungi colonization %, enzymatic activities, growth parametersand chemical composition obtained at inoculating seeds with mixture of mycorrhizal and mycrobein at full dose of NPK.

The ability of mosquitoes as a vector of various diseases such as dengue and malaria. One of the most commonly used methods of eradicating mosquitoes is chemical insecticides aimed at killing adult mosquitoes, which also creates its own problems, namely the emergence of mosquito resistance and toxic effects on humans. Therefore, alternative insecticides that are safer for the environment are needed from plants. One of them uses celery plants (Apium graveolens Linn.). Celery contains essential oils which act as respiratory poisons that can repel or kill mosquitoes. This study aims to see the effect of methanol extract of celery leaves as insecticides on mosquitoes, carried out by spraying on mosquitoes in confinement. Spraying using water as a negative control, baygon as a positive control and each extract solution 5% b / v, 10% b / v and 15% b / v. Spraying on each cage is done 8 times, ie 2 times from the left side of the cage, 2 times from the right side of the cage, 2 times from the front of the cage and 2 times from the back of the cage. The results showed that testing of methanol extract of celery leaves at a concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% could work as a mosquito-killing insecticide.

A field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 at Phytochemistry Department and Farm of Applied Research Center of Medicinal Plants (ARCMP) affiliated to the National Organization for Drug Control And Research (NODCAR). Present work aimed to study the effect of inoculation Apium graveolens L. seeds with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (my) and/or microbein (mi) and/or foliar spray plants with thidiazuran (TDZ) combine with chemical fertilizer at half or full dose of NPK on the % of the volatile oil of celery seeds, physiochemical investigation (Specific gravity of each essential oil and Refractive index of each essential oil), Compositional analysis by GLC of essential oil content , total phenolic t and flavonoid contentof dry seeds. Were estimated the results showed that inoculation of celery (Apium graveolens L.) seeds with mixture of mycorrhizal and microbein at full dose of NPK gave the highest yield of the volatile oiland total phenolic andflavonoid contentof dry seeds. While treated plants with biofertilizer (mycorrhizal and/or microbein) /or sprayed plants with (TDZ) combine biofertilizer at half or full dose of NPK didn't have any significant effect on physiochemical investigation and compositional analysis of volatile oil by GLC as compared to the control.

This study aimed to determine the effect of celer y (Apium graveolens L.) leaves infusion on blood cholesterol levels in male rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by alloxan. The sample used in this study were 25 white male rats Wistar strain ed aged 3-4 months with a bodyweight of 150-200 grams. The desig n used are were unidirectional pattern of completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replicat ions . Treatment 1 (P1) rat s were given with the standard feed. Treatment 2 (P2),rats were induced by alloxan. Treatment 3 (P3 ) rats were induced by alloxan and given 2 ml of 5% celery leaf infusion therapy . Treatment 4 (P4) rats were induced by alloxan and given 2 ml of 10% celery leaf infusion therapy . Treatment 5 (P5) rats were induced by alloxan and given 2 ml of 15% celery leaf infusion therapy . Celery leaf infusion was given every morning and evening. Administration of alloxan with a single dose of 150 mg / kg in IP and celery leaf infusion therapy were given for 14 days. Rat blood cholesterol levels checked using the CHOD-PAP. Data were analyzed using ANOVA completely randomized design. Mean (± SD) of cholesterol in treatment P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 sequence was 52.8 ± 9 . 09; 50.4 ± 18 . 53; 42.6 ± 4 . 51; 40.2 ± 52.8 ± 7 . 19 and 2 . 39. The results showed that the infusion of celery leaves was not show ing any effect (P> 0.05) on blood cholesterol levels of white male rats induced by alloxan. Administration of celery leaves (Apium graveolens L.) infusion for 14 days with a concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% have no effect on blood cholesterol levels in male rats induced by alloxan.

Ansari AA, Raghubeer H, Jaikishun S. 2019. The effect of vermiwash and vermicompost produced from leaves of Azadirachta indica and Citrus aurantifolia on the growth parameters of celery through hydroponic system. Trop Drylands 3: 11-16. This research was designed to determine the physico-chemical composition of vermiwash and vermicompost produced from neem (Azadirachta indica) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and their influence on the growth parameters on celery (Apium graveolens) through hydroponic system. Plants were treated with six treatments-A (nutrient solution for hydroponic systems), B (vermiwash and vermicompost made from T1), C-control (water), D (vermiwash and vermicompost made from T2), E (vermiwash and vermicompost made from T3). All treatments were replicated six times in a complete randomized block design (CRBD). Results indicated that vermiwash and vermicompost when used in combination can be substituted for chemical hydroponic solution used in hydroponic systems. T2 had a significant effect on celery plant where it produced plants with greater heights and stem diameter. Maximum amount of sodium was seen in plants treated with F. Plants treated with T1 had the highest number of leaves and branches. This research will further enhance the need for hydroponic agriculture as it has less detrimental effect on the environment and produces greater yield and better quality of crops.

Ethylene is accepted to be a key player in the regulation of climacteric fruit ripening and senescence of leafy vegetables. In contrast, there is still disparity in the literature on the role it may have on quality deterioration of edible petioles. In this work, we evaluated the influence of the ethylene generator 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethephon) and the ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on quality maintenance of fresh cut celery. Commercially mature stalks from self-blanching celery cv. Golden Clause were cut into 2 cm-long slices. Samples from the apical and basal petiole zones were segregated and treated with 2000 mg L−1 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid or with 1 μL L−1 1-MCP. Corresponding slices without any treatment were used as control. Samples were packed and stored for 0, 6, 13 and 20 d at 4 °C and during this period celery visual deterioration (VD), respiration, weight loss and aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and molds counts were determined. Carotenoids, chlorophylls, phenolics, ascorbic acid, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), sugars, acidity, cell wall content and consumer acceptability were also evaluated. Ethylene had no major effects on weight loss, PPO, phenolic, sugars, acidity, and ascorbic acid. Instead, it increased respiration and accelerated chlorophyll degradation and surface yellowing. These changes were delayed in 1-MCP treated celery, which also maintained lower mesophilic bacteria and yeast counts, showed lower incidence of soft rots. 1-MCP treated celery received higher consumer acceptability scores. The effects were more marked on the samples obtained from the apical region of the petioles. Overall, results reassess the role of ethylene on celery petiole metabolism and indicate that 1-MCP treatments may be useful to supplement the benefits of refrigeration and extend the shelf life of fresh cut self-blanching celery. Fil: Massolo, Juan Facundo. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina Fil: González Forte, Lucía del Sol. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina Fil: Concellón, Analía. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina Fil: Viña, Sonia Zulma. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Curso Bioquímica y Fitoquímica; Argentina Fil: Vicente, Ariel Roberto. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Agroindustriales; Argentina

Background Collenchyma cells occur widely in eudicotyledons and provide mechanical support for growing organs. At maturity, the cells are elongated and have thick, non-lignified walls, which in celery contain cellulose and pectic polysaccharides, together with xyloglucans and heteroxylans and heteromannans. A previous study suggested that at least some of the collenchyma cell wall in celery is laid down after expansion has stopped and is thus secondary. In the present study, we re-examined this. We used chemical analysis and immunomicroscopy to determine changes in the polysaccharide compositions of these walls during development. Additionally, solid-state NMR spectroscopy was used to examine changes in polysaccharide mobilities during development. Results We showed the collenchyma walls are deposited only during cell expansion, i.e. they are primary walls. During cell-wall development, analytical and immunomicroscopy studies showed that within the pectic polysaccharides there were no overall changes in the proportions of homogalacturonans, but there was a decrease in their methyl esterification. There was also a decrease in the proportions of the (1 → 5)-α-l-arabinan and (1 → 4)-β-d-galactan side chains of rhamnogalacturonan I. The proportions of cellulose increased, and to a lesser extent those of xyloglucans and heteroxylans. Immunomicroscopy showed the homogalacturonans occurred throughout the walls and were most abundant in the middle lamellae and middle lamella junctions. Although the (1 → 4)-β-d-galactans occurred only in the rest of the walls, some of the (1 → 5)-α-l-arabinans also occurred in the middle lamellae and middle lamella junctions. During development, the location of the xyloglucans changed, being confined to the middle lamellae and middle lamella junctions early on, but later occurred throughout the walls. The location of the heteroxylans also changed, occurring mostly in the outer walls in young cells, but were more widely distributed in mature cells. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy showed that particularly cellulose, but also homogalacturonans, decreased in mobility during development. Conclusions Our studies showed that celery collenchyma cell walls are primary and that during their development the polysaccharides undergo dynamic changes. Changes in the mobilities of cellulose and homogalacturonans were consistent with the cell walls becoming stiffer as expansion ceases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1648-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Abstract Celery plants (Apium graveolens L.) have long been used as ingredients of traditional medicine as antihypertensive by the people of Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the addition of celery leaf extract on the manufacture of functional food in the form of syrup from celery leaf extract (Apium graveolens L.) on organoleptic assessment and the quality of syrup preparations. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 types of treatment and each treatment was repeated 3 times. Variation of addition of celery leaf extract as follows: (M0) = 0% (control), (M1) = 0.33% (0.55 g), (M2) = 0.39% (0.65 g), (M3 ) = 0.51% (0.85 g) and (M4) = 0.6% (1 g). The results showed that celery leaf extract had antioxidant activity with IC50 values ​​of 98.24 µg / mL and positive (+) containing flavonoids. The addition of celery leaf extract to syrup has a very significant effect on organoleptics (aroma and taste), 7th day pH and viscosity, and all homogeneous syrups. The most preferred treatment panelist was treatment M1 (0.33%) with a scoring score of 4.03 (likes) and a taste of 3.93 (likes) and according to SNI. While the panelists preferred the treatment of M4 (0.6%) with a scoring score of 3.24 (rather like) and flavor of 2.87 (rather like) but according to SNI. The fewer additions of celery leaf extract, the syrup is increasingly preferred by panelists. Keywords: celery, formulation, syrup

Celery plants (Apium graveolens L.) have long been used as ingredients of traditional medicine as antihypertensive by the people of Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the addition of celery leaf extract on the manufacture of functional food in the form of syrup from celery leaf extract (Apium graveolens L.) on organoleptic assessment and the quality of syrup preparations. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 types of treatment and each treatment was repeated 3 times. Variation of addition of celery leaf extract as follows: (M0) = 0% (control), (M1) = 0.33% (0.55 g), (M2) = 0.39% (0.65 g), (M3 ) = 0.51% (0.85 g) and (M4) = 0.6% (1 g). The results showed that celery leaf extract had antioxidant activity with IC50 values ​​of 98.24 µg / mL and positive (+) containing flavonoids. The addition of celery leaf extract to syrup has a very significant effect on organoleptics (aroma and taste), 7th day pH and viscosity, and all homogeneous syrups. The most preferred treatment panelist was treatment M1 (0.33%) with a scoring score of 4.03 (likes) and a taste of 3.93 (likes) and according to SNI. While the panelists preferred the treatment of M4 (0.6%) with a scoring score of 3.24 (rather like) and flavor of 2.87 (rather like) but according to SNI. The fewer additions of celery leaf extract, the syrup is increasingly preferred by panelists. Keywords: celery, formulation, syrup

Gibberellin (GA) is a phytohormone of a biguanide compound that plays an important role throughout the life cycle of a plant. Lignin, a phenylalanine-derived aromatic polymer, can enhance the water transport function and structural resistance of cell walls. This function is also the core on biology of higher terrestrial plants. An appropriate lignin level is important to the quality of leafy vegetables, such as celery. The relationship between gibberellin levels and the occurrence of lignification has not been reported in celery. In this study, the leaf blades and petioles of celery cultivars 'Liuhe Huangxinqin' and 'Jinnan Shiqin' were used as materials, and different concentrations of exogenous gibberellin were applied to analyze the growth and lignin distribution of leaf blades and petioles. It was found that gibberellin treatment could influence the lignin content in celery leaves. Autofluorescence analysis under ultraviolet (UV) excitation showed that gibberellin treatment caused lignification of celery leaf tissue. The expression profiles of 12 genes related to lignin synthesis changed with the increase of gibberellin concentration. Our results showed that gibberellin played a significant role in the accumulation of lignin in the development of celery leaves. This provides a basis for further study on the regulation of lignin metabolism in plants and exerts a vital part in the application of plant growth regulators to production.

Objective: Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) is one of the kidney diseases in the form of stones that contain crystal and organic matrix components. It is one of the most common diseases of the urinary tract. Calcium stone is the most important type of stone (80%) found in the case of kidney stones. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a plant rich in flavonoids, which can break down calcium crystals. Apigenin is considered to be one of the main flavonoids because of its presence and abundance in celery. This research aimed to compare the anticalculi effect of apigenin with that of celery extract. Materials and Methods: Wistar albino rats were given ethylene glycol 0.75% (vol/vol) and ammonium chloride 2% (wt/vol) orally for 7 days in all groups to induce hyperoxaluria and Rats treated by Apigenin at doses 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 mg/kg of rat body weight and celery extract at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of rat body weight as anticalculi. Measurements of calcium levels in the kidneys and urine of rats was obtained using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Data obtained were statistically analyzed with the IBM SPSS by ANOVA Method version 21.0 probability value < 0.05 was considered significant. Result: The results showed that both apigenin and celery extracts caused kidney stone to decay. From the data Apigenin and celery showed that calcium level in urine there were significant differences (p value < 0.05) in treated group from negative control group but calcium level in kidney there were not significant differences (p value > 0.05). Conclusion: Celery extract has better ability to break down kidney stones than apigenin.

This study introduces a new and bio-friendly adsorbent based on natural and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) modified adsorbent, celery (Apium graveolens) residue for removal of organic pollutants. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and pHpzc techniques. Removal applicability and efficiency of this biosorbent were studied using Congo red (CR) as a sample organic pollutant. To reach the best results, main parameters such as pH, adsorbent mass, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature were optimized through the adsorption experiments in a batch system. The kinetic and isotherm of CR removal follow pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, respectively for both acid modified celery residue (ACR) and CTAB-acid modified celery residue (CTAB-ACR). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities are 238.09 and 526.32 mg/g for ACR and CTAB-ACR, respectively. Also, thermodynamic parameters such as ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo were evaluated. It was concluded that the celery residue was a promising eco-friendly adsorbent and its adsorption capacity was improved significantly via CTAB modification in comparison to unmodified celery residue.

Celery is one of the most widely cultivated vegetables worldwide. Boron (B), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are essential microelements for plant growth with Cu also important in controlling fungal diseases. But little is known about the combined effects of B, Zn, and Cu fertilizers on celery. A pot experiment was conducted during two growing seasons (2014–2015 and 2015–2016) using a novel foliar fertilizer: a copper-based-zinc-boron foliar fertilizer (Cu-ZnB) based on the Bordeaux mixture (BDM). Celeries were sprayed with water (the control); BDM; 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g L−1 copper foliar fertilizer (CFF1, CFF2, and CFF3), and with 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g L−1 the Cu-ZnB (Cu-ZnB1, Cu-ZnB2, and Cu-ZnB3). During both seasons, Cu-ZnB1 increased celery yield and decreased disease index, compared with control and BDM treatments. Application of Cu-ZnB1 also increased vitamin C content while reducing nitrate content of celery compared with BDM and increased leaf Zn and B concentration compared with the control, BDM, and CFF1 treatments. Furthermore, Leaf Cu concentration in Cu-ZnB1 treatment was lower by 76.9% compared with BDM. Spraying Cu-ZnB1 also significantly increased SOD, POD, and CAT activities, while decreasing MDA content of functional leaves. By applying Cu-ZnB during 2015–2\016, soil available Cu concentration was reduced by 24.9–42.2%, compared with BDM. Hence, applying 1.0 g L−1 Cu-ZnB to celery is recommended for enhancing plant nutritional quality and yield; simultaneously, it reduces the levels of Cu in the soil and disease index of celery.

Flavonoids are the major components of Apium graveolens L. root (AR). In this study, we used a rat model of high-fat emulsion die induced hyperlipidemia (HLP) to examine the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of the AR flavonoid extract (ARFE), and to identify its potential targets by molecular docking and western-blotting. ARFE significantly lowered the serum lipid levels in HLP rats. The lipid-lowering targets of ARFE were predicted and validated, which showed that ARFE significantly downregulated the expression levels of cholesterol synthesis-associated target proteins, including SREBP1, HMGCR and ACC1. These findings demonstrate that ARFE has remarkable lipid-lowering and antioxidant effects, and the former is mediated by the inhibition of SREBP1, HMGCR and ACC1.

Background: Hypertension or high blood pressure is an increase in systolic blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of more than 90 mmHg in two measurements with an interval of five minutes in rest or quiet state. Hypertension in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is categorized in Xuan Yuan (vertigo) and Tou Tong (headache). Purpose: To determine the effect of acupuncture therapy using Fengchi (GB20), Taichong (LR3), Hegu (LI4) points and 2 additional points, namely Xuehai (SP10) and Chize (LU5) and herbs therapy for celery (Apium graveolens L.) and carrots (Daucus carota L.) for people with hypertension. Methods: Treatment of hypertension with acupuncture and herbs therapy. Acupuncture therapy was carried out at Fengchi (GB20), Taichong (LR3), Hegu (LI4) points with the principle of liver fire sedation and Xuehai (SP10) and Chize (LU5) with the tonification principle. In herbs therapy, patients were given fresh celery (Apium graveolens L.) and carrots (Daucus carota L.) which had a hypotensive effect. Results: Hypertension treatment with acupuncture therapy was given 12 times, 3 times a week. Herbs therapy was given for 4 weeks, taken once a day in the afternoon with a dose of 200 ml. This therapy could reduce the patient's blood pressure. Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy in Fengchi (GB20), Taichong (LR3), Hegu (LI4) Xuehai (SP10), Chize (LU5) plus fresh celery herbs (Apium graveolens L.) and carrots (Daucus carota L.) could reduce blood pressure and additional complaints in hypertensive patients

Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the role of the hydroalcoholic extract of Apium graveolens and Cinnamon zeylanicum on metabolically change and ovarian oxidative injury in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 64 female Wistar rats with breeding were used including the following groups (G): (I) G1: healthy control; (II) G2: PCOS which received no therapy; (III) G3: PCOS + A. graveolens; (IV) G4: A. graveolens; (V) G5: PCOS + C. zeylanicum; (VI) G6: no PCOS + C. zeylanicum; (VII) G7: PCOS + C. zeylanicum and A. graveolens; and (VIII) G8: C. zeylanicum and A. graveolens. The PCOS was induced by a single dose of the intramuscularly injected estradiol valerate (16 mg/ kg). After 14 days, the animals were anesthetized, then their plasma samples were used to check the blood sugar (BS), insulin, and lipid profile. The ovaries of the rats were removed and fixed for histopathological assessment. In addition, the oxidative stress marker in ovarian tissue was evaluated. Results: The levels of BS, insulin, and lipid profile in plasma significantly enhanced in G2 (P < 0.05) while decreasing significantly in the therapy groups, (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant decline was observed in the serum level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in G2 (P < 0.05) while it enhanced significantly in the therapeutic animals (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a negative change was found in the PCOS group on the ovarian tissue. Besides the oxidative stress enhanced in this tissue while in the treated groups this change was improved. Conclusions: Generally, it was revealed that the extract of A. graveolens and C. zeylanicum had a useful impact on regulating the serum levels of fast blood sugar (FBS), insulin, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers in the palliation of the PCOS complications.

This study analyzes the environmental effects of nano-TiO2 exposure using Life cycle assessment (LCA) within a modelled system of a celery paddy macrocosm through different trophic levels in order to complement existing risk assessment studies of bioaccumulation. LCA in GaBi software was used to model a celery paddy macrocosm system that includes celery (Apium graveolens), with different trophic levels such as, fresh water, land use, algae (Chlorella vulgaris), and immature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as the use of electricity in the macrocosm system and exposure to nano-TiO2. A functional unit of 0.5 kg and exposure to nano-TiO2 was selected to analyze the different environmental impact categories. The use of nano-TiO2 in freshwater was related to marine aquatic ecotoxicity, mainly because of the large amount of inorganic emissions in air and emissions of hydrogen fluoride and beryllium in fresh water. Normalized values show that from a global perspective, the greatest repercussions involve marine aquatic ecotoxicity and human toxicity, the latter mainly influenced by air emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Nano-TiO2 also had some effects on eutrophication impact category related to ammonia emissions. The normalized global values also showed large effects in marine aquatic ecotoxicity and human toxicity. In addition, nano-TiO2 use in a macrocosm as nutrient showed repercussions in eutrophication. Therefore, a broader study that includes the material flow during feedstock processing of nano-TiO2 is necessary to determine the repercussions of this nanomaterial in other life-cycle stages, especially use and end of life.

The people of West Kalimantan tend to store water in water reservoirs around their homes, so that the water reservoirs are preferred to be used as breeding sites for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Prevention of the development of mosquitoes is very important, one program to suppress mosquito transmission is by eradicating larvae. The many negative effects of synthetic larvicides make the use of cytetic larvicides restricted, thus encouraging the development of natural larvicides, which are safe for the human body, easily accessible and environmentally friendly. Celery is one of the vegetable larvicides that is being developed by several researchers, so the purpose of this study is to determine the larvicidal activity of celery herb infused and to determine the concentration that can kill the most larvae and determine the values of LC 50 , LC 100 and LT 50 , LT 100 . This research was conducted with a concentration of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%, positive control (abate 0.01%) and negative aquadest control tested on 25 larvae for 24 hours. The results of this study showed the highest Mortality Percentage of mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae obtained from the infused of celery herbs (Apium graveolens L.) at a concentration of 5% which was 98.64%. Lethal concentration (LC 50 ) infused of celery (Apium graveolens L.) as larvacide was 1.88%, LC 100 4.43%, and Lethal Time (LT 50 ) at 12.39 hours, LT 100 at 29.42 hours

In the present study, the transfer factors of the natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th, and 40K were estimated for several crops cultivated in farms in the suburbs of Baghdad and one farm in Al-Najaf. The transfer factor (TF) is the ratio of activity transfers from soil to plant. The specific activities of the natural radionuclides were measured with a gamma-ray spectrometer with a HPGe detector. The crops include cereals (rice and wheat), fruits (lemons and oranges), podded vegetables (vigna and okra), fruity vegetables (chili peppers and Solanum melongena), and leafy vegetables (Apium graveolens, Raphanus sativus, and Ocimum basilicum). The results showed that the highest transfer factors for 238U, 232Th, and 40K are 0.32, 0.70, and 3.44, respectively, in wheat. The average transfer factors for 238U and 232Th were founded 0.23 and 0.2 which are lower than the default unitiy value but the 1.85 were reported for 40K higher than unity.

Ready-to-eat sea cucumbers (RSC) treated by high pressure steam were easily degraded during storage. Celery (Apium graveolens, AG) and chlorogenic acid (CA) were screened for enhancing the stability of RSC. After RSC cross-linked by AG or CA, the hardness was significantly increased by 108% or 254% at 30 d, and the relaxation time decrease by 31.90 or 39.89 ms, and the proportion of T23 reduced by 0.40% or 1.15%. The crosslinked RSC exhibited smaller pore size with finer collagen fibrils. CA treatment caused the secondary structure changes in RSC. In addition, it also inhibited the break of peptide bonds in RSC collagen, observing the decrease of free hydroxyproline level from 46.63 to 34.53 μg/g, and the reduction of free ammonia nitrogen from 20.96 to 15.30 μmol/g. Therefore, AG and CA will have an important application in RSC processing industry.

Juice of fresh celery solution will be given to domestic cats and normal cases of human to achieve the purposes of this project. Dosages given three times a day/one weeks in a mount of one cup 250 ml for human 143 lb, and cats 10 lb in amount of one spoon 15 ml for each. Later, blood O2, CO2 and alkalinity Evaluated to get results. Our study conclusion were proves the high ability of the celery juice’s antioxidants compounds to relieve the high acidity of blood resulted from viral infections like covid 19 and influenza, in a way to curing and strengthening the immune system against those viral infecions.

Phthalides are important bioactive constituents of celery plants. The medicinal uses of celery and their characteristic aroma have been linked to the phthalides. In this report, the leaf and stalk oils of celery were extracted either by hydrodistillation or maceration in water and the phthalide constituents of the oils were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The leaf oil consists mainly of dihydroxyphthalides while the volatile phthalides are the main phthalides in the stalk oil. The phthalide content of the leaf oil and the stalk oil are 39.8% and 29.95% respectively. The phthalides identified in the leaf oil are the isomeric compounds of senkyunolide I and senkyunolides (J & N), while the major phthalide constituents of the stalk oil include 3-n- butylphthalide, sedanolide, neocnidilide and sedanenolide/senkyunolide A. The results suggest that the Nigerian celery plant could be considered a good source of phthalides which are known for their nutraceutical properties such as anti-oxidant, antitumor, anti- platelet aggregation, hypotensive, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Further phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of the locally cultivated celery are required in order to exploit the medicinal potentials of the plant for applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Fil: Minen, Romina Inés. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Argentina. Este trabajo de Tesis se centra en el estudio de las enzimas que intervienen en el metabolismo del manitol en plantas de apio (Apium graveolens) y de la rafinosa en plantas de Brachypodium distachyon. Se caracterizaron cinética y estructuralmente la manosa-6-fosfato reductasa y la manitol deshidrogenasa, enzimas clave para la síntesis y degradación del manitol, respectivamente, y la UDP-azúcar pirofosforilasa, la galactinol sintasa y la rafinosa sintasa, enzimas involucradas en la síntesis de rafinosa. La combinación de información estructural con datos bioquímicos permitió establecer relaciones estructura-función, en el contexto de los escenarios evolutivos y metabólicos en los que participan las enzimas estudiadas. Además, se obtuvieron nuevas versiones de dichas enzimas con especificidad alterada por el sustrato o el cofactor, lo que permite ampliar el espectro de reacciones que catalizan y los productos finales que se obtienen de ellas. Por lo tanto, las enzimas mutantes así generadas podrían ser empleadas para el agregado de valor, recuperación y aprovechamiento de sub-productos industriales mediante procesos biotecnológicos. Además, se crecieron plantas de apio bajo diferentes fotoperiodos (largo, normal y corto) y a baja temperatura, para estudiar el efecto de las condiciones ambientales sobre la partición del carbono en plantas de apio. De esta forma, logramos obtener un panorama más completo sobre la regulación de las diferentes rutas metabólicas involucradas en la utilización del carbono en plantas de apio y B. distachyon. This Thesis work focuses on the study of enzymes involved in mannitol and raffinose metabolism in celery (Apium graveolens) and Brachypodium distachyon, respectively. Mannose-6-phosphate reductase and mannitol dehydrogenase, key enzymes for the synthesis and degradation of mannitol, respectively, and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase, galactinol synthase and raffinose synthase, enzymes involved in the synthesis of raffinose, were kinetically and structurally characterized. The combination of structural information with biochemical data led to the establishment of structure-function relationships, in the context of the evolutionary and metabolic scenarios in which the studied enzymes participate. In addition, new versions of these enzymes with altered specificity for the substrate or the cofactor were obtained, to broaden the spectrum of catalyzed reactions and their final products. The generated mutant enzymes could be used to increase the value and recovery of industrial by-products through biotechnological processes. Additionally, celery plants were grown under different photoperiods (long, normal, and short) and temperatures, to study the effect of environmental conditions on carbon partition in celery plants. These studies allowed us to obtain a better picture of the regulation of the different metabolic pathways involved in carbon utilization in celery and B. distachyon plants. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas National Science Foundation Agencia Santafesina de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación

Foodborne diseases (FBD) are a great problem worldwide, leading millions of people to seek medical help and to significant economic losses for industry. Among the agents implicated in FDB is Bacillus cereus, a Gram-positive, toxigenic and endospore-forming bacterium. In this study, rhamnolipid (RL) biosurfactant, celery oleoresin (OR) and limonene (LN) were evaluated as bio-based alternatives for controlling the growth of vegetative cells and endospores of B. cereus. To address their antimicrobial activity, the compounds were tested separately and in combination. Results demonstrate that, when combined with RL, both OR and LN have lower minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and increased endospore inhibition potential. A percentage of endospore inhibition from 73% to 98%, corresponding to a 2.8–3.6 log reduction in spore outgrowth, was observed. RL inhibited B. cereus growth and endospore germination and potentially enhanced the antimicrobial efficacy of the natural hydrophobic compounds tested.

Celery is a fibrous horticultural vegetable grown globally and widely consumed due to its health benefits, distinct flavours and culinary versatility. Currently, few datasets examine its aroma development across maturity which could help guide growers towards optimising harvest times whilst identifying potential consequences of harvesting outside commercial maturity. Freeze-dried celery of two genotypes, selected for biochemical and sensory differences, were harvested at three time-points and investigated using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME GC/MS) and gas chromatography/olfactometry (GC/O). Both maturity and genotype showed significant (P 0.05) interactions between compounds, and harvest stage exhibited greater impact upon aroma quality than plant genotype. Thus, indicating that agronomic practice is key in determining crop quality. Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phthalides begun to decrease once commercial maturity was reached, whereas alcohols were more prominent in post-mature celery. GC/O results confirmed the importance of phthalides to mature celery aroma and aroma differences caused by genotype.

ВО СПХФУ), г. Санкт-Петербург, bazanova.elizaveta@pharminnotech.comМетодом атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой был проведен сравнительный анализ элементного состава различных ботанических форм и сортов сельдерея пахучего (Apium graveolens L.) – пищевой культуры, которая применяется в диетическом и функциональном питании при коррекции избыточной массы тела. Показано, что различные морфологические части растения накапливают разные элементы в максимальном количестве. Для листьев отмечается превалирующее относительно других ботанических форм сельдерея содержание кальция и рубидия, накопление натрия и стронция максимально в черешках. В корнеплоде сельдерея наблюдается высокое содержание калия и цинка. Наибольшим количеством макро- и микроэлементов отличаются листья сельдерея (конкретно сорт «Нежный), что делает их объектом выбора в диетическом питании и в качестве источника получения биологически активных добавок для коррекции лишнего веса. Мажоритарными макро- и микроэлементами являются магний, железо, кальций и цинк, метаболизм и действие которых, согласно литературным данным, играют важную роль при коррекции ожирения., The method of optical emission spectrometry with inductive-chemical plasma was used for a comparative analysis of the compositional elements in different botanical forms and varieties of celery (Apium graveolens L.) - a food culture, which uses as dietary and functional food for correcting excess body weight. It was shown that different morphological parts of a plant accumulate different concentration of elements. In the leaves, the content of calcium and rubidium is more, than in other forms of celery. The accumulation of sodium and strontium is maximum in the stems. Celery root has a high potassium and zinc content. Celery leaves are distinguished by the greatest amount of macro- and microelements (specifically, the “Nezhnyj” variety), which makes them an object of choice in dietary nutrition and as a source of biologically active additives for correcting excess weight. The major macro- and microelements are magnesium, iron, calcium and zinc, the metabolism and action of which, according to the literature, play an important role in the correction of obesity., Вопросы обеспечения качества лекарственных средств, Выпуск 3 (33) 2021, Pages 32-40

Lakitan B, Kartika, Susilawati, Wijaya A. 2021. Acclimating leaf celery plant (Apium graveolens) via bottom wet culture to increase its adaptability to the tropical riparian wetland ecosystem. Biodiversitas 22: 320-328. Bottom-wet culture was set up for acclimating leaf celery plant prior to cultivation at shallow water table conditions. The aim of this research was to evaluate adaptability of leaf celery plants to riparian wetland ecosystem. Leaf celery was selected as potential candidate since natural habitat of its wild relatives is marshlands. Shading at 0%, 20%, and 60% was applied to reduced tropical sunlight intensity. Results of this study indicated that soil moisture was significantly increased in plants exposed to 60% shading, but leaf SPAD value was not significantly affected. Leaf celery is a perennial vegetable that can be frequently harvested. Weekly harvesting was rewarded with optimum yield and good quality leaves, i.e. high SPAD value (45.73 to 51.89). Delaying harvest to 3 weeks increased total yield but 52.12% of the harvested leaves were non-marketable. Mother plant of leaf celery produced suckers, but number of suckers only moderately correlated with yield (R2 = 0.56). Plants exposed to 60% shading produced significantly less suckers (9.00) than those exposed to full sunlight (12.46) and 20% shading (12.88) Use of zero intercept linear regression model, with length of leaf midrib (LLM) x leaf wingspan (LWS) as predictor, resulted in a geometrically based and accurate leaf area estimation model (LA = 0.3431(LLM x LWS); R2 = 0.87) for compound leaves of leaf celery plant. In conclusion, the most crucial factor in optimizing quantity and quality of yield was weekly harvesting focusing on marketable-size leaves.

Species belonging to the genus Erwinia cause diseases in many economically important plants (Mansfield et al. 2012). In May 2021, celery plants (Apium graveolens var. dulce) showing soft rot symptoms were observed in greenhouses (cv. Queen of France) in Boye County, Baoding, Hebei Province (North China). Disease symptoms began with pinkish water-soaked lesions on the midrib of celery stalks, but at the same time the leaves and root did not show symptoms. The infected celery plants rapidly developed brownish rotten stalks and leaves turned dry and yellow, but root remained asymptomatic. The disease incidence in two greenhouses (0.15 ha in size) was more than 50%. Affected celery stalk tissues were cut into 0.5 cm pieces, followed by surface sterilization using 75% ethanol for 60 sec and then three successive rinses with sterile distilled water. Then, the tissues were immersed in 200 µl 0.9% saline for 15 min. Aliquots of two tenfold dilutions of the tissue specimen soaking solution were plated onto Luria-Bertani (LB) agar plates and incubated at 28°C for 24 h. Single colonies were picked and restreaked onto LB agar three times for purity. The bacterial gDNA was extracted using the EasyPure Bacteria Genomic DNA Kit (TransGen Biotech). The 16S rDNA region was amplified by PCR using the universal primers 27F/1492R and sequenced. Result of blastn analysis of the 16S rDNA amplicons (MZ489246-MZ489247) indicated that the bacterial isolates (BY21311 and BY21312) belonged to the genus Erwinia. Biolog analysis (GEN III Microplate) identified the two isolates BY21311 (SIM=0.668) and BY21312 (SIM=0.638) as E. rhapontici. Housekeeping genes including acnA, gapA, icdA, mdh and rpoS were also amplified using a set of PCR primers (Ma et al. 2007; Waleron et al. 2008) followed by sequencing (MZ463029-MZ463038). To determine the species of the Erwinia isolates BY21311 and BY21312, multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) was performed with five housekeeping genes, and phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using RAxML v8.2.12 (Stamatakis et al. 2005). No sequence variation was observed at any MLSA locus between BY21311 and BY21312. The result of phylogenetic analysis showed that the celery stalk rot isolates BY21311 and BY21312 were clustered with E. rhapontici isolates. These celery isolates are closely related to the cabbage (Brassica rapa) isolate MAFF311153 (AP024329.1) in Japan. When celery plants have eight to nine true leaves, plants (cv. Queen of France) were inoculated with the isolate BY21311 by injecting 20 µl of bacterial suspensions (106 CFU·mL-1) into the celery stalks, or injected with 20 µl of 0.9% saline as control. The seedlings were grown at 25 °C and 50% relative humidity. Three days after inoculation, only infected seedling showed disease symptoms resembled to those observed in greenhouses. Bacterial colonies were obtained from the infected stalks and were identified using the same PCR primers of housekeeping genes as described above, fulfill Koch's postulates. E. rhapontici has been reported to cause pink seed, crown and stem rot, soft rot or leaf spot on many plant hosts including pea (Pisum sativum), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), lucerne (Medicago sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis), onion (Allium cepa), kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) and peach (Prunus persica) (Huang et al. 2003; Wang et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2018; Kovacs et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. rhapontici causing stalk rot in celery. Stalk rot of celery has increased in prevalence over recent years in the Baoding region, it can cause significant yield loss and no cultivar has been found to be resistant to this disease so far. The stalk rot poses significant threat to local celery production, and further research on epidemiology and disease management options is needed.

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a vegetable crop cultivated widely in the Mediterranean, Europe and parts of Asia. From March to May in 2014, leaf spots and stem lesions were observed on celery plants in Yanqing (116°03'E, 40°32'N), Beijing and Chengdu (104°06'E, 30°67'N), Sichuan Province. Plants developed 0.3-1.8 cm diameter subcircular leaf spots with brown centers surrounded by pale yellow halos. Spots on leaves were amphigenous. Necrotic areas on stems were subcircular to elongated, pale brown to brown. Plants in five greenhouses were surveyed with 30 to 60% disease incidence. Necrotic tissue from 8 stems and 12 leaves were cut from the margins of lesions and divided into two parts. One part was treated with lactophenol and used for microscopic examination. The other part was surface sterilized with 4% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, rinsed three times in sterile water, placed onto 2% malt extract agar (MEA), and incubated at 26°C for seven days with natural daylight. Stromata on leaves and stems were not well developed. Four-to-ten conidiophores (15.3-56.5 × 2.8-5.5 μm) formed in fascicles, emerged through stomata or erupted through the cuticle. Conidia (n=50) were 60-135 × 2.5-4.5 μm, solitary, septate, cylindrical to obclavate-cylindrical, hila thickened and darkened. Colonies were white to smoke-gray, and aerial mycelia were sparse to moderate. Morphological characteristics of the pathogen were similar to Cercospora apiicola (Groenewald et al. 2006; Groenewald et al. 2013). The gDNA of 20 isolates was extracted from mycelium using the Plant Genomic DNA Kit (Tiangen, China). The internal transcribed spacers (ITS), actin (ACT), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and histone H3 (HIS3) regions were amplified with primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (Groenewald et al. 2013), ACT-512F/ACT-783R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), CYLH3F/CYLH3R (Crous et al. 2006). Phylogenetic analysis of multiple genes (Bakhshi et al. 2018) was conducted with the neighbor-joining method using MEGA7. The sequences of our isolate (QC14030702) and five published sequences of C. apiicola were clustered into one clade with a 99% confidence level. The sequences of QC14030702 have been deposited in GenBank with accessions KU870468 for ITS, KU870469 for ACT, KU870470 for TEF1, and KU870471 for HIS3. Pathogenicity of the isolates was tested on plants (cv. Jia Yuan Xi Yang Qin). Because the pathogen sporulated poorly on various media, mycelial fragments were sprayed on leaves in a suspension of 1×106 mL-1 in a greenhouse (temperature 26±0.5°C; RH 98%; photoperiod 12 h). Healthy plants were sprayed with sterilized water as controls. Three replicates of every isolate were conducted, and each replicate included 5 celery plants. After 7 days, leaf spots appeared on all inoculated plants, which were similar to those on celery in the field. All control plants remained asymptomatic. Re-isolation of the fungus from infected tissues showed same morphological and cultural characteristics of C. apiicola as the original isolates. C. apiicola has been reported in Greece, Korea, South Korea and Venezuela on celery, but never been reported in China (Farr and Rossman 2020). C. apiicola potential threatens celery production, and this the first report of the disease in China.

Fresh-cut celery is an economically important crop, susceptible to postharvest disorders such as browning at cut ends, which can compromise quality and affect freshness perception. The study herein represents the most comprehensive attempt to date to determine the factors that mediate celery postharvest disorders and uncover the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved. Three main experiments were conducted over two years, covering the early and late Spanish season and the late UK season. The aim of the experiments was to study: a) the effect of seasonal variation and horticultural maturity on shelf-life (20 °C) of fresh-cut celery; b) the effect of postharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and continuous ethylene supplementation on browning and pithiness development during cold storage (5 °C); and c) the effect of preharvest deficit irrigation on the quality of fresh-cut celery during shelf-life (20 °C). Lesser horticultural maturity increased browning and pithiness with browning severity being positively correlated with chlorogenic acid concentrations in celery cut-ends. Ethylene supplementation accelerated the metabolic activity of celery, leading to early senescence. We found that 1-MCP suppressed respiration rate and delayed browning. Deficit irrigation promoted browning, which coincided with a rapid increase in abscisic acid and its main catabolite phaseic acid during storage. Mild deficit irrigation promoted the increase of chlorogenic acid after 6 d of storage, while severe deficit irrigation did not show this increase. These findings will help growers and retailers standardise industry practices ensuring uniform quality and better shelf-life estimations.

This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of Apium graveolens leaf extract on Labeo chrysophekadion. The fish were fed 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g kg−1 leaf extract to supplement their diets for 150 days. The results revealed that the highest weigh gain and average daily gain being observed in fish that were fed 0.75 g kg−1. Furthermore, a lower feed conversion rate was observed in fish fed 0.50 and 0.75 g kg−1. Biochemical indices, the highest cholesterol level was found in a group fed 0.75 g kg−1, while glucose was found to be significantly higher in groups fed 0.25 and 0.50 g kg−1. Total protein, albumin and globulin levels were shown to have significantly (p < 0.05) increased alongside an increase in the concentration of the extract and higher levels were found in groups fed 0.50 and 0.75 g kg−1. After pathogenic challenge test, the highest level of lysozyme activity was observed in a group fed 0.25 g kg−1. The lowest cumulative mortality was observed in a group fed 0.75 g kg−1 when compared with other groups. These results suggest that 0.75 g kg−1 of A. graveolens this can promote growth performance, enhance some biochemical indices, disease resistance and non-specific immune response.

The circular economy in agriculture aims to reduce waste while also making best use of residues by using economically viable processes and procedures to increase their value. In this study a two-level cascade cultivation system was set up under greenhouse conditions. The research was focused on the identification of crop species as secondary crops and the development/iterative optimization of cultivation practices. For this purpose, different crop-combinations with a primary and different secondary crops were investigated using different system-layouts. Measurements were carried out during two cultivation periods. During the 1st Period a combination of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) as primary crop, with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and peppermint (Mentha piperita) as secondary crops, was evaluated. In the 2nd Period the drainage of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants was re-used to irrigate spearmint (Mentha spicata), dill (Anethum graveolens), celery (Apium graveolens) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) plants. In both periods, different fertigation management strategies based on the drainage solution of the primary crop were employed. The use of the cascade hydroponic system improved both crop water and nutrient use efficiency. Notably, the NO3 disposal was about 40% less as compared to a monoculture. Average fresh water consumption of secondary crop plants irrigated with diluted drainage solution was reduced by 30% in comparison to plants irrigated with fresh water.

The aim of the research was to increase the efficiency of the hydrodistillation process and determine the volatile composition, biological activity, and aroma profile of essential oil from celery seeds (Apium graveolens L.). The essential oil was extracted from the plant material by ultrasonic hydrodistillation with higher efficiency when compared with classical hydrodistillation. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the impedimetric method for the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and yeast Candida vini as well as moulds Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (&mu, L/mL) values: 30, 10, 20, 3, 30, 40, and 40, respectively. The oil possessed very weak 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant activity with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 81.6 g/L. Initial studies of the aroma profile indicated that the perception of the fragrance of the oil could be related to the sex of the panellists. According to women, the fragrance of celery seeds oil was intense herb-like. From the men&rsquo, s point of view, it had a fresh, mossy, and mushroom scent.