Search

In 2018, all the three species of the weevil genus Otiorhynchus Germ.: O. albidus Stierlin, O. asphaltinus Germar, and O. rotundus Marseul, first recorded from St. Petersburg in 2017, were present at approximately the same densities on Syringa vulgaris L. and S. josikaea Jack. in the places where they occurred in 2017.

The article considers the issues related to the development of the methods of biological crop protection against the adventive species of pentatomides (Pentatomidae, Hemiptera) – the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula L. 1758. One of the main factors contributing to the significant spread of this multinucleated pest is the lack of effective control systems of this species, in particular, poor knowledge of local entomophages species. A number of the biological peculiarities of a stinkbug has been studied. For the first time in the Russian Federation, infection of the N. viridula eggs with the entomophage Trissolcus basalis Woll. 1858 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was determined We found that to control Nezara in such crops as soybeans, tomatoes and tobacco, it is possible to use the Fitoverm-M preparation (active ingredient – aversectin-C, 2 g/l).

Site preparation designed to exhaust the soil seedbank of adventive species can improve the success of tallgrass prairie restoration. Despite these efforts, increased rates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition over the next century could potentially promote the growth of nitrophilic, adventive species in tallgrass restoration projects. We used a field experiment to examine how N addition affected species composition and plant productivity over the first 3 years of a tallgrass prairie restoration that was preceded by the planting of glyphosate-resistant crops and multiple applications of glyphosate to exhaust the pre-existing seedbank. We predicted that N addition would increase the percent cover of adventive plant species not included in the original seeding. Contrary to our prediction, only the cover of native species increased with N addition; native non-leguminous forbs increased substantially, with Conyza canadensis (a weedy native species not part of the restoration seed mix) exploiting the combination of high N and bare ground in the first year, and non-leguminous forbs (in particular Monarda fistulosa) and native C3 grasses, all of which were seeded, increasing with N addition by the third year. Native legumes was the only functional group that exhibited lower cover in N addition plots than in control plots. There was no significant response by native C4 grasses to N addition, and adventive grasses remained mostly absent from the plots. Overall, our results suggest that site pre-treatment with herbicide may continue to be effective in minimizing adventive grasses in restored tallgrass prairie, despite future increases in atmospheric N deposition.

Over the past 40 years, the complex of coccinellid (lady beetle or ladybug) species in New York has undergone substantial changes. Primarily, these changes have involved the decline of native species and the increase and spread of adventive species. Species declines have proceeded to the extent that several native species were feared to be extirpated from New York. Here we report that two of these native species, Adalia bipunctata (Two-spotted Lady Beetle) and Coccinella novemnotata (Nine-spotted Lady Beetle), were rediscovered in New York, in 2009 and 2011, respectively, by volunteers and specialists working for the Lost Ladybug Project. We found that the current coccinellid complex in New York is significantly less diverse and has a significantly higher proportion of foreign species compared to the complex in the past. We discuss the potential causes and implications for these shifts and rediscoveries.

Three parasitoids are known to attack the invasive leafminer Profenusa thomsoni Konow (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Alaska: Lathrolestes thomsoni Reshchikov, Lathrolestes soperi Reshchikov (both Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Aptesis segnis (Provancher) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). The two Lathrolestes species have similar biology and attack early instar larvae as endoparasitoids within hosts in leaf mines. Of these, L. thomsoni was introduced from 2004 to 2009 as a biological control agent, while L. soperi is a native or adventive species. Aptesis segnis is a native or adventive ectoparasitoid attacking pupae and prepupae of P. thomsoni in their earthen cells in the soil. This 2006–2011 field assessed the relative importance of L. soperi and A. segnis, and their interactions, in areas near Anchorage where L. thomsoni had not yet reached by the time of the study. Lathrolestes soperi and Aptesis segnis, were found to cause 14 and 27% mortality to the pest, respectively. While A. segnis was at times a facultative hyperparasitoid, most commonly it was a primary parasitoid, attacking the host in the soil. These data describe the system before the arrival of the introduced parasitoid. Comparison to future studies after the introduced biocontrol L. thomsoni has spread and developed stable populations, will allow assessment of the impact of the released parasitoid on the host relative to the pre-existing level of control from other natural enemies.

Mezira subsetosa Josifov and Kerzhner, a mezirine aradid native to the East Palearctic Region, is newly reported from North America. Beginning in 2015, by-catch specimens were extracted from Lindgren funnel trap samples in Maryland as part of a state surveillance program monitoring for the presence of exotic bark and ambrosia beetles and other wood-boring insects. This is the first confirmed record of this aradid in the New World. Subsequent collections from similar pest surveillance trapping in Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia, coupled with verifiable online images of M. subsetosa photographed at various locations in the District of Columbia, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, support the establishment of this species in the Mid-Atlantic states. A diagnosis, redescription, high-resolution images of the adult male and female, and a revised key to U.S. species of Mezira are provided.

The geographical distributions of three adventive species of North American goldenrods (S. canadensis L. s.l., S. gigantea Ait. and S. graminifolin (L.) Salisb.) throughout Poland are presented. The history of escape, initial establishent and subsequent spread are documented on the basis of almost 1400 herbarium collections and site records of the authors. Of the three species S. gigantea is the most aggressive S. cunadensis has continued to spread vigorously. but S. graminifolia has barely moved beyond its initial area of establishment. The first two species occur essentially throughout Poland. having expanded from centers in southwestern Poland in the decade between 1840 to 1850. Both of these plants are spreading rapidly and producing vigorous populations which thrive in disturbed and semi-disturbed environments and S. gigantea seems to have now attained the capability of invading stabilized habitats and communities. They are in the process of becoming a serious threat to many natural environments and ecosystems in Poland.

An adventive, previously undescribed species, Neophyllaphis varicolor Miller and Halbert, n. sp., is described and illustrated. A modified key to Neophyllaphis found on Podocarpus spp. (Podocarpaceae) and a key to Neophyllaphis in the USA are provided.

This paper presents an evaluation of full-area floristic mapping of floodplain forest in Tvrdonice forest district (Židlochovice Forest Enterprise) based on a single forest stand inventory. The study area encompasses 2,200 ha of forests, where 769 segments were inventoried, and 46,886 single records about presence of vascular plant species were catalogued. We found 612 species (incl. subspecies and hybrids), out of which 514 were herbs, 98 were woody plants, 113 were endangered species and 170 were adventive species. The average area of a segment is 2.86 ha. The mean number of species per segment is 60.97 in a range of 4-151.

Bees are among the most important pollinators of flowering plants in most ecosystems. Recent concerns about population decline worldwide have highlighted the urgent societal need for species-level systematic work that facilitates assessments of the status of pollinators and pollination services. This is a comprehensive, broadly comparative study on the diversity, biology, biogeography, and evolution of Anthidium Fabricius, 1804, one of the most diverse megachilid genera, containing more than 160 species worldwide. Herein, the Western Hemisphere species are revised. All 92 recognized species, including the two adventive species Anthidium oblongatum (Illiger, 1806) and Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758), are described and illustrated. A neotype for Anthidium emarginatum (Say, 1824) and lectotypes for 16 names are designated; five names are relegated to synonymy, three names are revalidated, previously unknown males of three species are described, and 21 new species are proposed. Identification keys as well as information on the distribution, seasonality, nesting biology, and host plants are provided. The relationships of the Anthidium subgenera and all Western Hemisphere species are explored using a cladistic analysis based on adult external morphological characters. The subgenus Callanthidium Cockerell, 1925, renders Anthidium s.s. paraphylectic in the analysis, and is here synonymized. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis is used to examine possible biogeographical patterns, origins of the Western Hemisphere fauna, and the evolution of morphological traits associated with foraging for pollen from nototribic flowers and exudates from glandular trichomes. To facilitate the transfer of knowledge to non-specialists, some digital outputs and web-based products, including a geo-referenced specimen database consisting of more than 20 000 records, species pages, and interactive digital keys, were also developed during this study. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London

Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.; Urticaceae), a Holarctic perennial herb, is a host plant of two lygaeoids of the family Heterogastridae: Heterogaster urticae (F.) in the Palearctic and H. behrensii (Uhler) in the Nearctic Region. We give the first published North American records (other than port-of-entry interceptions) of H. urticae, based on fieldwork in British Columbia in 2010 and 2011. We also give new distribution records for H. behrensii, a species of special concern in the province; it previously was known in Canada only from one site in British Columbia. Morphological characters are provided to distinguish the species. Both heterogastrids were collected from stinging nettle in British Columbia's Lower Fraser Valley and on Vancouver Island; H. urticae also was taken in the Vancouver Metro Area. The species were syntopic in two nettle colonies. We suggest that the heterogastrids'syntopy provides an opportunity to determine whether the adventive H. urticae might adversely affect the nat...

This paper presents 27 new records of Curculionoidea for the province of New Brunswick, Canada, including three species new to Canada, and 12 adventive species, as follows: Eusphryrus walshii LeConte, Choragus harrisii LeConte (newly recorded for Canada), Choragus zimmermanni LeConte (newly recorded for Canada) (Anthribidae); Cimberis pallipennis (Blatchley) (Nemonychidae); Nanophyes marmoratus marmoratus (Goeze) (Brentidae); Procas lecontei Bedel (Brachyceridae); Anthonomus pusillus LeConte (newly recorded for Canada), Anthonomus (Cnemocyllus) pictus Blatchley, Archarius salicivorus (Paykull), Dorytomus hirtus LeConte, Ellescus bipunctatus (Linnaeus), Mecinus janthinus (Germar), Myrmex chevrolatii (Horn), Madarellus undulatus (Say), Microplontus campestris (Gyllenhal), Pelenomus waltoni (Boheman), Rhinoncus bruchoides (Herbst), Rhinoncus perpendicularis (Reich), Cossonus impressifrons Boheman, Cossonus pacificus Van Dyke, Rhyncolus knowltoni (Thatcher), Eubulus bisignatus (Say), Polydrusus cervinus (Linnaeus), Magdalis piceae Buchanan, Procryphalus mucronatus (LeConte), Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff), and Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford). Recent name changes in the genus Rhinoncus are applied to species known from New Brunswick. In addition, Orchestes alni (Linnaeus) is newly recorded from Nova Scotia.

Epilobium ciliatum Rafin. (Onagraceae), a new adventive species potentially invasive in the Iberian Peninsula Palabras clave. Epilobium ciliatum, especies adventicias, Flora vascular, Onagraceae, Península Ibérica. Key words. Epilobium ciliatum, Iberian Peninsula, adventive species, Onagraceae, vascular flora

The beech flea weevil, Orchestes fagi (L.) (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Rhamphini), is recorded for the first time in North America as established in the vicinities of Halifax, Chester, and Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada in association with the American beech, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. A detailed listing of locality information for the species in Nova Scotia is given, along with a summary of the species' biology in Europe. No details are yet available for the species' biology in North America. Also included are a checklist of North American Rhamphini and a key to the now seven species of Orchestes Illiger known from North America.

Aphis intybi Koch is recorded for the first time in North and South America. Measurements for the identification of this species in comparison with Aphis craccivora Koch are given. Aphis cytisorum Hartig is recorded for the third time in Argentina. Data on morphological variation, geographical distribution, and host plants of these species in Argentina are provided. Their morphological identification is supported by comparison of DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (DNA barcode) and subunit 2. Aphis intybi Koch se cita por primera vez tanto en América del Sur como del Norte. Se aportan características métricas para la identificación de la especie en comparación con Aphis craccivora Koch. Aphis cytisorum Hartig se cita por tercera vez en la Argentina. Se aportan datos sobre la variación morfológica, así como sobre la distribución geográfica y las plantas hospedadoras en Argentina de esas especies. Las identificaciones morfológicas han sido corroboradas mediante comparaciones de las secuencias de la citocromo oxidasa I (DNA barcode) y de la citocromo oxidasa II del DNA mitocondrial. EEA Mendoza Fil: Mier Durante, Milagros Pilar. Universidad de León. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental (área de Zoología); España Fil: Foottit, Robert. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Canadian National Collection of Insects. Invertebrate Biodiversity; Canadá Fil: Dohlen, Carol D. Von. Utah State University. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos Fil: Ortego, Jaime. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina

The relative competitiveness of adventive plants in herbaceous communities of the Western Caucasus is analyzed using a simple mathematical model, Sa = Na(S/N), where N and S are the numbers of vascular plant species on 15-m2 and 0.5-m2 plots, respectively, and Na and Sa are the numbers of adventive plant species on 15-m2 and 0.5-m2 plots, respectively. The model is based on two assumptions: (1) stochastic character of the processes of species immigration and extinction occurring on the area of plant communities, and (2) ecological equivalence of indigenous and adventive species. If adventive species of a herbaceous community are characterized by a higher or lower competitiveness as compared with indigenous species, then one should expect the actual number of these species on 0.5-m2 plots to be higher or lower as compared with the number calculated using this model. The communities of low-mountain and mid-mountain near-riverbed shoals, forest glades, steppe meadows, annual crop fields, fallow lands, and the herbaceous layer of low-mountain forest communities are chosen as the objects of this study. The results show different competitiveness of adventive plants in different herbaceous communities of the Western Caucasus.

Redbay ambrosia beetle (RAB), Xyleborus gla bratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Sco lytinae), a native of Asia, was first discovered in the USA near Savannah, Georgia in 2002 (Haack 2001; Rabaglia et al. 2006). RAB is an effective vector of Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva (Harrington et al. 2008) that causes laurel wilt (LW), a lethal disease of several trees in the Lauraceae in the southeastern USA (Crane et al. 2008; Mayfield et al. 2008). Ambrosia beetle adults bore through the bark and into the xy lem (wood) where they lay eggs, then adults and larvae cultivate and feed on symbiotic ambrosia fungi that grow in the galleries. Native Persea (Laurales: Lauraceae) species appear to be pre ferred hosts. LW is responsible for high mortality of redbay [P borbonia (L.) Spreng.], swampbay [P palustris (Raf.) Sarg.], and sassafras [Sassa fras albidum (Nuttall) Nees] in Alabama, Flor ida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina and South Carolina (Fraedrich et al. 2008; Hanula et al. 2008; Gramling 2010). As LW encroaches upon the Lake Wales Ridge ecosystem in south central Florida, silkbay (P. humilis Nash) is also showing susceptibility to LW and is dying. Addi tional species affected by LW include avocado (P. americana Mill.), spicebush [Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume], and other woody Lauraceae (Fraedrich et al. 2008) (Table 1). The susceptibility of 5 avocado cultivars of Mexican, Guatemalan or West Indian origin to RAB and LW was demonstrated by Mayfield et al. (2008). However, with more than 23 West In dian cultivars grown in Florida, it is necessary to determine their susceptibility. Moreover, as an adventive species to the North American conti nent, RAB might affect other valuable New World species. Most Persea species are of Mexican, Cen tral American, or South American origin. These Persea may have significant value in germplasm collections, some have been discovered recently, and some have resistance to diseases that afflict their commercial relative, the avocado (Skutch et l. 1992; Scora & Bergh 1992; Zentmyer & Schieber 1992). Thus, their susceptibility to RAB and LW warrants evaluation. Another member of the Lauraceae of much concern is the California bay laurel [Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt.], a dominant hardwood species of the U.S. Pacific Coast. Through inoculation experi ments, Fraedrich (2008) demonstrated that U. californica is susceptible to LW. With continued westward spread of LW, the host status of U. cali fornica needs to be confirmed. The 3 studies presented here evaluate sus ceptibility to RAB and LW in: 1) 13 West Indian avocado cultivars; 2) 10 non-commercial Persea spp., 1 Beilschmidia sp. (a genus related to Per sea), and 3) U. californica. First, no-choice ex periments were conducted to determine if RAB would bore into avocado cultivars not screened previously by Mayfield et al. (2008) and follow ing similar methodology. Avocado cultivars 'Ber necker', 'Beta', 'Brooks late', 'Choquette', 'Don nie', 'Dupuis', 'Hall', 'Loretta', 'Lula', 'Monroe', 'Simmonds', 'Tower 2' and 'Waldin' (4 plants each) were planted in 10-gallon pots in a screenhouse at he Plant Sciences Research and Education Unit, University of Florida (UF), Citra, Florida in VI 2008. Two plants of each cultivar were infested by enclosing 4 newly emerged 9 RAB (UF colony reared) within a mesh sleeve on the lower trunk. Two plants per cultivar were uninfested controls. Entrance holes and perseitol (white exudate from wounds) were monitored for 4 wk. Severity of wilt symptoms was scored using the following LW in dex: 0 = no wilt; 1 = wilt, no leaf necrosis; 2 = wilt, 10% necrosis or defoliation; 3 = wilt, 30% necrosis/ defoliation; 4 = 50% necrosis/defoliation; 5 = 75% necrosis/defoliation; 6 = 100% necrosis/defoliation

On the basis of the deductive approach of floristic classification of plants, five derivative communities formed by adventive species, Solidago gigantea, Asclepias syriaca, Aster × salignus, Sorbaria sorbifolia, and Spiraea alba, are determined. The ecological and floristic characteristics of the communities are given.

The effect of adventive dominants (Erigeron annuus, Solidago canadensis, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Asclepias syriaca, etc.) on the composition and species richness of fallow plant communities (Belaya River basin, Western Caucasus) are analyzed. The results show that (1) adventive dominants have light effects on the composition of fallow communities; (2) communities with more abundant adventive dominants are characterized by lower community species richness on the plots of 0.5 and 15 m2 as a whole, and a lesser number of native species and higher number of adventive ones; and (3) communities with more abundant adventive dominants are characterized by a lower average frequency of native and adventive species on the plots of 0.5 m2. However, the relations between all these characteristics are poor.

The floristic composition of plant communities dominated by Carex acuta in the northern Volga-Akhtuba floodplain has been analyzed over the period from 1928 to 2009. It has been shown that, in 2008 to 2009, some hygrophytes disappeared from these phytocenoses; simultaneously, their composition was enriched with mesophytes and adventive species. Ramenskii’s ecological scales have indicated a decrease in water supply to habitats of the communities studied.

New distributional records are given for two Palearctic hemipterans established on Scotch broom, Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae), in the Pacific Northwest. Additional records for the centrotine membracid Gargara genistae (F) include British Columbia (Vancouver Island), Oregon (seven sites in five counties), and Washington (eight sites in six counties). For the tingid Dictyonota fuliginosa Costa, we give new records from British Columbia (lower mainland and Vancouver Island) and Oregon (five counties) subsequent to the recent (2008) updating of its North American distribution.

The tendency of aphidophagous coccinellids to bite humans is a subject that has seen very little study in the scientific community. With the introduction of adventive species, anecdotal reports of biting lady beetles have greatly increased in frequency and seemed to warrant further investigation. Coccinellids of three native species [ Coccinella novemnotata Herbst, Coccinella trifasciata L., and Adalia bipunctata (L.)] and the two most common introduced species [ Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Coccinella septempunctata L.] were collected in the wild and reared separately in laboratory colonies. In caged biting trials, 40 individually marked coccinellids of a single species that were given either no source of food or water or aphids ad libitum were exposed to the experimenter's hand and forearm and the movement, bite frequency, and severity with which they bit into the skin were recorded. All species tested were shown to bite humans. Feeding treatment did not have a significant effect on biting propensity or bite duration in most species. Large adventive species such as Coccinella septempunctata were distinguished by a lower propensity to bite than the smaller native species. All species except H. axyridis and C. novemnotata exhibited a startling blood-feeding behavior that is not yet clearly understood and was heretofore undocumented in this family of beetles. In two trials affording A. bipunctata and C. novemnotata adults a choice between cotton wicks soaked in cow blood or wicks soaked in water, both species preferred blood, with Adalia bipunctata preferring blood to a much greater extent. Furthermore, survivorship of hematophagic coccinellids was tested as well by monitoring the survival and weight change across individuals afforded the following five treatments: 21 aphids per day, 3 aphids per day, 3 aphids per day in addition to blood, blood only, and water only. Coccinellids given 3 aphids per day exhibited very low mortality with only three dead individuals, while the treatment given the same number of aphids in addition to bovine blood exhibited a significant drop in survivorship very similar to that of the treatment given only blood. This remarkable trend is likely a result of oxidative stress and other hardships involved with feeding on vertebrate blood. Based on the level of mortality of coccinellids that overwinter within a building (the location of greatest exposure to humans) and their lack of adaption to human blood and tissue feeding, we predict that the currently rare behavior of biting humans should decline.

The data on the species composition of the alien flora and the groups of adventive species according to the time, the way of their transfer, and the degree of naturalization are presented. Rare and newly revealed species are recorded. The degree of flora adventization in protected natural territories and of urban floras is evaluated. The plants of the basin that are included in the list of quarantine species and the Black Book of the flora of Central Russia are distinguished.

The adventive fraction of the Middle Ural flora is represented by 328 species of vascular plants from 198 genera and 51 families. Most of the adventive plants are nonaggressive and form the group of epecophytes (41%); all these plants have been accidentally introduced into the Middle Ural flora (xenophytes). Ephemerophytes occupy second place in the number of species (27%). More than half of this group (60%) is represented by ergasiophytes. The maximum diversity of ephemerophytes is observed in the urban flora (26%) and along railways (23%). Colonophytes form a group of similar size (26%), and most of these species are introduced plants. Agriophytes (18 species, or 6%) represent the most aggressive group. Among them, 78% belong to xenophytes and 22% are ergasiophytes. Thirteen agriophyte species represent alien plants: Heracleum sosnowskyi, Artemisia absinthium, Conyza canadensis, Impatiens grandulifera, Bunias orientalis, Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis, Echinocystis lobata, Hippophae rhamnoides, Elodea canadensis, Epilobium adenocaulon, Epilobium pseudorubescens, and Amelanchier spicata. Thus, alien plants are a minor component of the adventive flora of the Middle Urals (4%).

Surveys of black flies on four Pacific islands revealed four species on Okinawa, two on Guam, and none on Rota or Saipan. Simulium aureohirtum Brunetti represents a new record for Guam and the only black fly that is not precinctive to Oceania. The banding patterns of the larval polytene chromosomes of this species are identical among populations from Guam, Okinawa, and Thailand, suggesting that the insular colonizations might be recent.

The Asian buprestid Agrilus subrobustus Saunders was first recorded from North America on the basis of three adults taken in sticky traps at a site in northwestern Georgia in 2006; nine adults since have been trapped at a site in eastern Tennessee. We collected adults of A. subrobustus by beating branches of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) trees in the Southeast in 2007 (2 specimens) and 2010 (119 specimens). The collections represent the first records from Alabama (11 counties) and South Carolina (3 counties) and add to new records for Georgia (11 counties) and Tennessee (1 county). We map the known U.S. distribution of A. subrobustus and provide a description, diagnosis, photographs of the male genitalia, and color photographs of the adult to facilitate recognition of this adventive buprestid in the North American fauna.

Athalia cornubiae Benson, an Old World species that feeds on Sedum (Crassulaceae), is reported from North America. It was collected in a Lindgren funnel trap in East Syracuse, Onondaga Co., New York, U.S.A. in 2007 and found in Malaise trap collections at a residence in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, in 2010. This is the first record of both the genus and species in the Western Hemisphere.

The results of the study on naturalization of adventive plants in Magadan region are given. The list of adventive flora of the region consists of 292 species and includes 22 pseudoaboriginals. Ergasiophygophytes include 42% of ephemerophytes, 34% of colonophytes, 16% of epoecophytes and 8% of agriophytes. Xenophytes consist of 15% of ephemerophytes, 40% of colonophytes, 26% of epoecophytes and 19% of agriophytes. Unintentionally introduced species have greater potential to naturalization. Pseudoaboriginal xenophytes have greater part of epoecophytes than other xenophytes. Sixteen percent of adventive species spread to natural ecotopes.

In the territory of the Vyatka-Kama Cis-Urals, 22 species of alien macrophytes are recorded. They compose 6.5% of the number of known macrophyte species known for the region. Most of them do not play an active role in formation of vegetative communities and constitute a part of aquatic communities as accompanying elements (Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium glaucum, C. rubrum, Xanthium strumarium, Epilobium pseudorubescens, Juncus gerardii, Senecio vulgaris, Typha laxmannii, Mimulus guttatus, Butomus junceus, Scirpus tabernaemontani, and Zannichellia repens). They grow in secondary and open natural ecotones and do not pose a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems in the region because of their low activity in aquatic communities. Among alien species of macrophytes, invasive species are encountered. Some of them (Najas major, Vallisneria spiralis, Phragmites altissimus, Juncus tenuis, and Echinochloa crusgalli) have become a constant part of secondary biotope communities but pose a threat to indigenous macrophyte species only in specific biotopes where ecological conditions differ significantly from normal ones. Other species (Elodea canadensis, Epilobium adenocaulon, Impatiens glandulifera, Mentha longifolia, and Lemna gibba) have successfully naturalized in natural ecosystems or have been penetrating into them. The overwhelming majority of alien macrophyte species within the region are plants which do not refer to aquatic plants: hygrophytes (ten species or 45.5%) and hygromesophytes (three species or 13.6%). Only five species (22.7%) belong to hydrophytes and four species are helophytes (18.2%). Six species of alien macrophytes are characterized by transcontinental (North America) drift, 12 species (54.5%) are characterized by transzonal drift, and four species (18.2%) have been introduced from adjacent natural zones.

Alien flora in the Lake Engure Nature Park This paper describes the alien vascular plant flora in the Lake Engure Nature Park, one of the most species-richest and diverse areas in Latvia. The review was based on the floristic inventories conducted in 1983-1989 and a field survey carried out in 2010. In total, 68 alien species (7.6% of the vascular plant flora in the nature park) were recorded, of which four had established in the period between both surveys. 22 species were recognised as adventive species and 46 as escaped species. Most of the alien species area concentrated in coastal villages, around human settlements, roadsides, coastal dunes and along streams discharging in the Lake Engure, thus mostly in transformed habitats. They are absent in most of the natural and semi-natural habitats. In comparison to the overall situation in Latvia, the Lake Engure Nature Park area is relatively little affected by plant invasions, most probably because large areas of natural and semi-natural habitats remain, since high naturalness of vegetation plays a significant role as a natural barrier hindering alien invasions.

The blacklist of Bryansk oblast flora including 100 adventive species is compiled. Plants from this blacklist are divided into four groups based on the classification recommended for keeping Black Books.

Euscelis ohausi Wagner, a Palearctic deltocephaline leafhopper found mainly on Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius; Fabaceae), was reported new to North America in 1971 based solely on late-instar nymphs from one locale in Oregon. We now confirm its establishment in North America based on collections from nine localities in Oregon, three in Washington, and four in British Columbia (first Canadian record). United States records are listed and mapped, and the adult is briefly described and illustrated. Characters are provided to distinguish E. ohausi from other species of the genus occurring in North America.

Pseudococcus saccharicola Takahashi was collected on Guana Island, and nearby Beef Island and Tortola, in the British Virgin Islands (BVI). The records are the first in the Western Hemisphere for this potentially important Old World pest of sugarcane and certain other graminoid crops. Host plants on Guana were Chloris barbata Sw. (swollen fingergrass), C. radiata (L.) (radiate fingergrass), Cynodon dactylon L. (bermudagrass), and Saccharum officinarum L. (sugarcane). A probable mealybug predator associated with colonies of P. saccharicola on all three islands was the hyperaspidine coccinellid Hyperaspis scutifera (Mulsant), previously recorded in the West Indies only from the Leeward Antilles (Curacao). Both the mealybug and lady beetle are considered adventive in the BVI. Diagnoses and illustrations of both species are provided to facilitate their recognition. Hyperaspis sanctaeritae Dobzhansky, 1941, described from Arizona, USA, is proposed (by N.J.V.) as a junior synonym of H. scutifera (Mulsant 1850).

The saturation of herbaceous communities with adventive species in the Northern Caucasus has been estimated using as an indicator the number of such species in 0.5-m2 plots. Among factors accounting for variation in the test parameter, consideration has been given to the coverage of the herbaceous layer, the species richness of communities (in 0.5-m2 plots), and the numbers of adventive and indigenous species (in 15-m2 plots). The field data have been processes by methods of ordinary and multivariate regression analysis. The results show that variation in saturation with adventive species between small areas of herbaceous communities largely depends on the number of such species in larger areas, their species-holding capacity, and the level of completeness of communities.

Phosphaenus hemipterus (Goeze) is a Palaearctic glow worm (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), previously been reported in North America on the basis of two specimens; one collected in 1947 in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia; the other in 1989 in Montreal, Quebec. The present study newly records it from three sites in Halifax, Nova Scotia. One hundred and twenty six adult males and larvae were collected in 2009 in disturbed urban grassland areas, similar to habitats in England and Belgium where the species has been investigated. Experiments confirm that larvae feed on earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris), consistent with observations in Europe. The habitat is described, including vegetation, potential predators, and prey. Although ballast-shipments have previously been proposed as a vector for the species' introduction to North America, the present study suggests that the importation of agricultural and horticultural products, which has lead to the introduction of many earthworms to the continent, could also serve as a conduit for the introduction of obligate earthworm predators such as the larvae of P. hemipterus. Although an adventive species, possible conservation concerns are discussed for a species that is considered endangered in parts of its native range.

Eriophyoids have high potential as adventive mite species (AMS) because their small size make them difficult to detect, and can be easily distributed in world trade. Economic, social and environmental impact from adventive eriophyoid mites has been significant. Considerable attention has been given to adventive insect species while adventive mites have received little attention and little information is available for eriophyoids. This paper summarizes information on adventive eriophyoid mites, their impact, and the history of some important invasions. The status of adventive species of eriophyoids introduced as biological control agents of weeds is presented. A list of eriophyoid mites reported as invasive species worldwide is given. Pathways of concern and biosecurity actions to reduce the risk of eriophyoid mites are discussed. The need to raise public awareness of the risk and importance of these tiny organisms as AMS is emphasized. Scientific and technical challenges to deal with adventive eriophyoids are discussed.

New distributional records are presented for three non-native megachilid bees—Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus), Anthidium oblongatum (Illiger), and Megachile sculpturalis Smith. These bees inhabited every county in Connecticut and several others in nearby northeastern states. My records of A. manicatum from Massachusetts and Rhode Island and of A. oblongatum from Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont represent the first published state records. The multiple, largely exotic, floral hosts reported with the distributional records provide more evidence that A. manicatum and A. oblongatum are polylectic. The current distributional range and the potential impact of these adventive species are discussed briefly.

A new species of Ceraticelus Simon, 1884 from southern California is described, Ceraticelus artemisiae sp. nov. Its probable sister species, Ceraticelus phylax Ivie & Barrows, 1935, a potential adventive species with which it now often co-occurs in southern California, is redescribed for the first time. We provide detailed descriptions of both species because an adequate definition of the genus is lacking and the conformation of the male Ceraticelus palpal bulb has been only superficially treated. We also provide a definition of Ceraticelus based on examination of specimens of the type species, Ceraticelus fissiceps (O. P.-Cambridge). Problems associated with both the conformation of the male bulb and the paracymbium morphology are discussed. Despite the lack of a phylogenetic analysis of Ceraticelus, we propose that Ceraticelus phylax and Ceraticelus artemisiae sp. nov. are sister species based on shared characters that distinguish them from all other congeners. We suggest that the presence of Ceraticelus phylax in California is the result of incidental introduction rather than natural dispersal. Habitat, distribution, and phenology data are presented in the text. Illustrations and a distribution map are also furnished for both species.

Cuscuta campestris Yuncker is recorded as a novum in the Andaman Islands (India). Its habitat was dominated by the association of weeds and adventive species. It has been found that C. campestris is not host specific, but rather habitat specific. The species parasitised every plant which came into contact with it. A new taxonomic key and illustrations is provided to distinguish it from the other species of Cuscuta in the archipelago.

Thirty-five species of Latridiidae are reported in Atlantic Canada as a whole, 17 in New Brunswick, 14 in Newfoundland, 31 in Nova Scotia, and 14 on Prince Edward Island. Fifty-six new provincial records are reported (11 in New Brunswick, 9 in Newfoundland, 23 in Nova Scotia, 13 in Prince Edward Island). Twenty-two species are newly recorded for Atlantic Canada. Of these,Cartodere(Aridius)bifasciata(Reitter),Enicmus histrioJoy and Tomlin,Latridius consimilis(Mannerheim),Corticaria elongata(Gyllenhal),C. impressa(Olivier),C. saginataMannerheim,Corticarina longipennis(LeConte),Melanophthalma helvolaMotschulsky, andM. inermisMotschulsky are newly recorded in Canada, andC. bifasciata,E. histrio, andC. saginataare newly recorded in North America.Dienerella filiformis(Gyllenhal) is removed from the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island lists.Corticaria dentigeraLeConte is removed from the Labrador and Atlantic Provinces lists.Melanophthalma incultaMotschulskysyn. nov.andM. signataBelonsyn. nov.are designated as a junior synonyms ofM. inermisMotschulsky andM. picta(LeConte), respectively.Melanophthalma helvolaMotschulsky is reinstated as a valid species. Lectotypes and paralectotypes ofM. helvolaandM. americana(Mannerheim) are designated. Approximately half of the species are adventive (16 Palaearctic, 1 Australian) and half are native (13 Nearctic, 3 Holarctic). Two species are of uncertain zoogeographic status. Although some species are synanthropic, several have colonized native habitats. Nova Scotia has the largest number of adventive species, probably as a result of trans-Atlantic shipping. New Brunswick has the fewest, at least in part because of insufficient collecting there. Early detection dates and introduction processes are discussed. The native faunas on Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton Island, and Newfoundland appear diminished (33%–40%) compared with those of the neighbouring mainland. Although all latridiids are mycetophagous, many in the region show clear habitat preferences; however, the ecological role of those species requires further investigation.

The East Asian psyllid Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama) develops mainly on mimosa or silk tree (Albizia julibrissin Durazz.; Fabaceae). First recorded from Europe in 2001, the psyllid was detected in the Nearctic Region at two locales in Georgia, U.S.A, in 2006. Our surveys of mimosa in the southeastern United States in 2007 and 2008 indicate that A. jamatonica is widespread. It is newly reported from Alabama (9 counties), Florida (6), North Carolina (3), South Carolina (12), and Tennessee (4); 19 additional counties are reported for Georgia. The known U.S. distribution of the psyllid is mapped, a taxonomic diagnosis and description are provided to facilitate its recognition in the Nearctic fauna, and notes are given on its seasonality and habits. Also provided are color photographs of an overwintered (dark) and summer (green) adult, eggs, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs, and injury to mimosa leaflets.

The first Newfoundland records are given for 12 Palearctic species: the aphids Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholodkovsky), A. pisum (Harris), Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.), Macrosiphoniella artemisiae (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Pleotrichophorus glandulosus (Kaltenbach), Tuberculatus annulatus (Hartig), and Uroleucon cirsii (L.); leafhoppers Athysanus argentarius Metcalf and Grypotes puncticollis (Herrich-Schaeffer); anthocorids Acompocoris pygmaeus (Fallen) and Anthocoris confusus Reuter; and microphysid Loricula pselaphiformis Curtis. All 12 Old World species are considered immigrant (rather than intentionally introduced) in Newfoundland. Two mirid species native to North America—Deraeocoris piceicola Knight and D. pinicola Knight—also are reported as new to the island. All 14 hemipteran species were collected in the eastern Avalon Peninsula (13 were found at the major port city of St. John's) and were found mainly on Old World plants. The record of the mirid D. piceicola is the first for eastern Canada, a...

New records of Histeridae from Atlantic Canada are reported. Three species are newly recorded from Prince Edward Island and two from New Brunswick, one of which, the introduced Palearctic Atholus bimaculatus (Linnaeus), is newly recorded from Atlantic Canada as a whole. These new records increase the known histerid fauna of the region to 37 species, 30 native and 7 introduced ones. The regional zoogeography of the Histeridae is examined focusing on differences between the faunal composition of the various provinces and the possible reasons responsible for these. The island faunas of Cape Breton, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland are examined. All have reduced faunas in comparison with the mainland perhaps as a result of island-associated diminutions, an area effect, a paucity of collecting, or a combination of these factors. Those of Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island are proportionately similar to those of other families of Coleoptera, whereas that of Newfoundland (only 10% of the mainland fauna) is significantly less, a circumstance which deserves further investigation. Seven species of introduced histerids have been recorded in the region. The average dates of first detection of these species are much later than the earliest records of these species in North America and comparatively later than is the case with other suites of introduced species in the Staphylinidae and Carabidae, perhaps as a result of the sparse attention the Histeridae have historically received by coleopterists in the region. Most of the introduced histerids are known to be synanthropic and may have been introduced to the region association with the importation of livestock and materials related to animal husbandry. The Histeridae of the region largely fall into one of several trophic guilds: coastal species and those associated with beach-drift material; species associated with bird nests; species associated with mammal nests; myrmecophilus species; saproxylic species found in sub-cortical environments; and generalist species found in a wide variety of decomposing situations.

Seven species of adventive Palaearctic staphylinids, Ilyobates bennetti Donisthorpe, Meotica exilis (Knoch), Meotica 'pallens' (Redtenbacher), Anotylus insecatus (Gravenhorst), Anotylus tetracarinatus Block, Oxytelus sculptus Gravenhorst, and Lathrobium fulvipenne (Gravenhorst) are newly recorded in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. One of these, M. exilis, a cosmopolitan species, is newly recorded in Canada and represents the first verifiable report of this species from North America. The history of M. exilis in North America is examined indicating that previous reports were the result of misidentification or of specimens of uncertain identity that can no longer be located. The confused nomenclature of this species is also discussed. The confused taxonomy of Meotica 'pallens' is discussed with regard to the identity of the species reported under this name in North America. Atheta dadopora Thomson is newly recorded in Prince Edward Island. Records are provided that establish the presence of L. fulvipenne in North America in five Canadian provinces. Observations on A. insecatus in the field establish that they are predators of dipteran larvae. New early dates of detection are reported for Quedius curtipennis Bernhauer, Tasgius ater (Gravenhorst), Philonthus cognatus Stephens, and Philonthus rectangulus Sharp. As a consequence, 87 species of adventive Staphylinidae are now known to occur in the Maritime Provinces, 76 of which have been recorded in Nova Scotia, 61 in New Brunswick, and 29 on Prince Edward Island. The staphylinid fauna is briefl y discussed in relation to its zoogeographic components and its regional composition.

The composition and structure of vegetation within riparian buffers prior to, and immediately post-harvesting in a managed radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D.Don) forest is described and compared with riparian buffers in residual adjoining native forest on the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand. One hundred and twenty-one species (71% native) representing life forms from grasses to trees were recorded. The highest species richness, including both native and adventive (non-native) species, was found in riparian buffers in the post-harvest and native reference sites which had 18–25 species per site. Riparian buffers in mature pine plantations contained a mix of native species that was generally similar to, and not significantly reduced in species richness, from the reference native forest. Native species comprised 82–92% of the total cover in mature pre-harvest sites (irrespective of riparian width), and 99.8% in native reference sites. Compared with native forest the principal difference was a reduction of total cover in the upper tiers (5–12 m), and some increase in cover in the lower tiers. Adventive species in post-harvest sites comprised 16–67% of the total cover and were most frequently found in riparian areas highly disturbed by recent harvesting of the pines, particularly where riparian buffers were narrow or absent. Invasion by light-demanding adventives is expected to be temporary and most species are likely to be shaded out as the new rotation of pine trees develops. Radiata pine plantations in Whangapoua Forest can provide suitable conditions for the development of riparian buffer zones that will become dominated by native species, similar in richness and structure to neighbouring native forest.