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During COVID-19 pandemic the issue of diagnosis and rational therapy of community-acquired pneumonia in children became acute. This is caused by difficulties in verification of the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in the outpatient department, peculiarities of interpretation of the respiratory system lesions. The article presents clinical cases of communityacquired pneumonia in children admitted to the pulmonology department of a pediatric hospital.Clinical case 1. 5-year-old child, medical history: acutely fell ill, on 28.11.20, had a sore throat and fever up to 39.0 C. Received Kagocel, Miramistin, Nurofen. PCR for COVID-19 on 08.12.20 was positive, on 18.12.2020, 22.12.2020, 20.01.2021 - negative. Immunoassay (ELISA) on 12.23.20: IgM - 4.47, IgG - 255.25. Lung and pleural cavity ultrasound: echo signs of sharply pronounced interstitial syndrome, massive fibrinothorax on both sides, indirect signs of bronchopleural fistulas; lung radiography: bilateral polysegmental pneumonia, bilateral hydrothorax, bilateral fibrinothorax, with no marked progression; CT scan with IV contrast: CT picture of hydrothorax on the left, hydropneumothorax on the right, pleurisy on both sides, compression atelectasis of lower lobe segments of both lungs. With no marked progression. Treatment. Thoracentesis; antibiotic therapy, antimycotics, infusion therapy, immunotherapy, partial parenteral nutrition. Against the background of the therapy, positive dynamics was obtained. Clinical examples are also given: an 8-year-old child with suspected new coronavirus infection and a 5-year-old child with bilateral polysegmental pneumonia.

The relevance of this work is due to the importance of age stereotypes for the life of society and the language picture of the world and the need to study the dynamic aspect of these stereotypes. Traditional age stereotypes are represented in proverbs correlated with this phenomenon and reflecting the axiology of age. However, these stereotypes cannot be considered permanent even within a certain linguistic and cultural community, they are subject to changes that can occur both over a long time and relatively quickly. The aim of the work is to identify the dynamics of age stereotypes in the Anglo-Saxon language picture of the world on the basis of comparing their representation in proverbs and English-language corpora. The comparative analysis of English proverbs and utterances in British and American corpora shows that most of the negative as well as positive stereotypes associated with youth and old age remain unchanged or are further detailed in the corpora. However, many new stereotypes are emerging, which is due to such factors as rapid technological progress, the emergence of digital technologies, the focus of society on intensive work and money-making, the tendency to youth obsession. New negative stereotypes concerning old age include increased fear of old age, disability, forgetfulness, loneliness, the need of older people for empathy, egocentrism. An additional positive stereotype is the stereotype about the love of old people for children. New negative stereotypes connected with youth include commitment of young people to bad habits, a tendency to crime, lack of perseverance, unwillingness to study, emotional instability, excessive haste, dependence on technology, leading to social isolation. There are also such new positive stereotypes as good adaptability, health and activity of young people, a large number of opportunities that are open up to them, rapid growth on the career ladder.

On September 28, 2018, a strong earthquake and tsunami occurred on the island of Sulawesi (Indonesia), which turned out to be the most destructive this year (more than 2,000 people died). The magnitude of the earthquake was 7.5. Its epicenter was located at the base of the Minahasa Peninsula, about 78 km from the city of Palu, the administrative center of the province of Central Sulawesi, at a depth of 10 km. A strong earthquake set in motion several submarine landslides and the departure into the sea of sections of the coast. As a result, the coastal zone and its ecology have been changed that confirmed by analysis of satellite imageries before and after the event.

The article is devoted to the development of the literature of the Vepsians of the early written people of Russia, whose language is included in the Red Book of the Languages of the Peoples of Russia (the number of people in 2010 was 5936 people). Despite the negative forecasts, the Vepsianlanguage literature is currently successfully developing. The most popular is poetry, represented by the poems of the national writer of Karelia Nikolai Abramov, known in the Finno-Ugric world and beyond. The first generation of authors developed the forms of Vepsian poetry, its rhyme and style, and young authors, first of all Olga Zhukova, Galina Baburova, proved that in urban conditions it is possible to find opportunities for poetry in their native language. The article shows the connection with oral folk art, mythology, philosophy of Vepsian life, which manifested itself in the Vepsian epic Virantanaz by Nina Zaitseva, in the verses of Alevtina Andreeva, reminiscent of a kind of conspiracies or prayers, and in the prose of Valentina Lebedeva. Creating in close collaboration with scientists who claim that the Vepsian language has perfectly preserved both its grammar and vocabulary, which is easily replenished thanks to the rich word-formation system of the Vepsian language, they strive, without discouragement, to go up the stairs leading down.

The paper is based on the dataset whose purpose was to deliver, in the form of GBIF-mediated data, diverse materials on the biodiversity of a large mire, Shichengskoe mire (Vologda Region, north-western Russia), including its various mire sites and intra-mire water bodies. The dataset was based on our materials collected for two decades (from 2000 to 2021) in different parts and biotopes of the Shichengskoe mire and complemented by scarce data obtained previously by other researchers. The data contain materials on the diversity of Animalia (2886 occurrences), Bacteria (22), Chromista (256), Fungi (111), Plantae (2463) and Protozoa (131). Within the study period, the most detailed and long-term biodiversity studies were carried out for higher plants and invertebrates. On the other hand, the data on the composition of lichens, protozoa, algae, basidiomycetes, some groups of invertebrates and, to a lesser extent, lichens and vertebrates are far less comprehensive and require further substantial research efforts. The list includes occurrences from both the peatland (mire sites and mire margins different in typology) and the objects of the mire hydrographic network. In a standardised form, this article summarises both already published (mainly in Russian) and unpublished materials.The paper summarises the results of long-term research on the biodiversity of a boreal mire, including its hydrographic network. A total of 5869 occurrences were included in the dataset published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, gbif.org) for the first time. According to the GBIF taxonomic backbone, the dataset covers 1358 taxa, including 1250 lower-rank taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, forms) and 108 taxa identified to the genus level. Several species found in the Shichengskoe mire, mainly belonging to Bacteria, Chromista and Protozoa, have never been listed in GBIF for the territory of Russia before. The overwhelming majority of occurrences and identified species came from the territory of Shichengskiy Landscape Reserve. Due to our work, this Reserve is now the most studied regional reserve in the Vologda Region with respect to biodiversity. By the number of revealed species, it is close to two federal protected areas: Darwinskiy State Nature Biospheric Reserve and National Park "Russkiy Sever".

An observation from practice was devoted to the experience of an interdisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of a patient with complicated course of Crohn’s disease against the background of the formation of a stricture of the terminal ileum, an enterovesical fistula, the penetration into the mesentery of the sigmoid colon.

Background: To examine fundamental characteristics of clinical trials with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) as intervention on world major clinical trials registry platform. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of clinical trials with TDM as intervention that were registered on WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) or ClinicalTrials.gov. Relevant trial entries registered before and on March 2nd, 2022 were downloaded, deduplicated, and reviewed. Recruit country, monetary source, start years, study design, medical conditions, involved drugs, outcome measure, and subject information were extracted and analyzed. Results: Overall, 173 clinical trials were included in this study. Majority of the trials were conducted in several economically prosperous countries. The earliest initiated trials dates back to 2002. Most of the trials were funded by hospitals (36.4%). A higher proportion of trials were conducted within one country (86.1%), as phase Ⅳ (34.1%) interventional study (82.7%), randomized (52.6%), parallel assignment (53.8%) and open label (67.0%). The most concerned medical condition were infectious or parasitic disease and neoplasms, with the most monitored drugs were immunosuppressants and β-lactam antibacterials. Most of the trials enroll no more than 50 subjects (30.6%), with both gender (95.4%), and adults (67.0%). Conclusion: The trials were mainly conducted in several economically prosperous countries. The number of registered trials had gradually increased during the past years. Novel biological drugs have increasingly become the research hotspot. We expect that with abundant financial support, more high-quality large-scale, multicenter randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are designed and implemented to promote the development of TDM in the future.

The present article focuses on a strain of ascomycete GF3 isolated from a water sample taken in the Gulf of Finland. Based on phylogenetic analysis data, the isolate was identified as Penicillium sp. GF3. The fungus GF3 demonstrates algicidal activity towards cyanobacteria (98–100%). The algicidal effect on green algae did not exceed 50%. The isolate GF3 exhibits an indirect attack mode by releasing metabolites with algicidal and/or lytic activity into the environment. Moreover, the strain Penicillium sp. GF3 is able to degrade MC-LR. After 72 h of GF3 cultivation, the MC-LR content was reduced by 34.1% and 26.7% at initial 0.1 μg/mL and 0.45 μg/mL concentrations, respectively. The high stress resistance of the GF3 to toxic MC-LR is provided by a 1.5-fold activation of catalase activity and a change in the reduced glutathione content. Additionally, during the MC-LR biotransformation, a MC-LR-GSH conjugate and linearized MC-LR were identified. The linearized MC-LR in the presence of fungi capable of degrading MCs was revealed for the first time. Using Daphnia magna as a bioindicator, it was shown that the MC-LR biotransformation led to the formation of less toxic intermediates. The toxicity of the fungal filtrate is reduced by five times compared to the abiotic control. Our findings enhance the understanding of the role that ascomycete fungi have as potential bioagents for cyanoHABs to control and detoxify water bodies.

The parabolic quasi-Sturmian approach, recently introduced for the calculation of ion–atom ionizing collisions, is adapted and applied here to the single ionization of helium induced by an intermediate-energy proton impact. Within the method, the ionization amplitude is represented as the sum of the products of the basis amplitudes associated with the asymptotic behavior of the continuum states of the two noninteracting hydrogenic subsystems (e−,He+) and (p+,He+). The p−e interaction is treated as a perturbation in the Lippmann–Schwinger-type (LS) equation for the three-body system (e−,He+,p+). This LS equation is solved numerically using separable expansions for the proton–electron potential. We examine the convergence behavior of the transition amplitude expansion as the number of terms in the representation of the p−e interaction is increased and find that, for some kinematic regimes, the convergence is poor. This difficulty, which is absent for a higher proton energy impact, is solved by varying the momentum of the auxiliary proton plane wave introduced into the basis function. Fully differential cross-sections are calculated and compared with experimental data for 75 keV protons and the results obtained with the 3C model.

Tomosynthesis is a modern effective and informative method of low-dose X-ray diagnostics, which allows obtaining a significant number of layered images with the subsequent volumetric image reconstruction. The use of tomosynthesis provides a one-time examination of a large anatomical area without loss of the image quality and diagnostics of difficult-to-visualize pathological changes that are not detected by digital radiography. The article presents an overview of the problem of improving low-dose imaging options in the radiation diagnostics, as well as the authors own data on the use of tomosynthesis for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in children.

В статье описаны результаты обработки статистических данных из открытых источников по развитию эпидемии COVID-19 и выполненного исследования по определению места и времени начала ее в России. В интересах предлагаемого исследования дан обзор существующих моделей процессов развития эпидемии и методов решения прямых и обратных задач его анализа. Предложена модель развития эпидемии COVID-19 в сети из девяти городов России: Москва, Санкт-Петербург, Нижний Новгород, Ростов-на-Дону, Краснодар, Екатеринбург, Новосибирск, Хабаровск, Владивосток. Города выбраны как по географическому положению, так и по количеству населения в них. Модель состоит из двадцати семи дифференциальных уравнений. Разработан алгоритм обратного анализа модели эпидемии. В качестве исходных данных для решения задачи выступали сведения по численности населения городов, интенсивности переходов процесса из одних состояний в другие, а также данные по инфицированности населения на заданные моменты времени. В статье также приводятся результаты детального анализа подходов решения к моделированию развития эпидемий по видам моделей (базовая модель SEIR, модель SIRD, адаптивная поведенческая модель, модифицированные SEIR-модели), и по странам (в Польше, во Франции, Испании, Греции и других), а также обзор прикладных задач, которые можно решить, используя моделирование распространения эпидемий. Рассматриваются дополнительные параметры среды, которые влияют на моделирование распространения эпидемий и могут учитываться для повышения точности результатов. По результатам моделирования установлены наиболее вероятные города-источники начала эпидемии в России, а также момент ее начала. Достоверность полученных оценок во многом определяется достоверностью использованных статистических данных по развитию COVID-19, находящихся в открытом доступе.

A demand for canned vegetables and fruit depend, first of all, on their consumer characteristics. These products should correspond to high requirements regarding their nutritional and biological value, as well as sensory properties. The aim of the work was to study the microstructural changes in the cells of green peas in the products of their processing. Fresh, frozen and canned peas made from fresh and rehydrated raw materials were used as objects of the research. Components such as chlorophyll and starch were characterized in the cells of the hypodermis and parenchyma, respectively, using light microscopy. It was found that plastids with chlorophyll stained in the bright green color were present only in cells of the hypodermis of frozen peas. Moreover, the same color of the pigment was also recorded in the samples of fresh peas. Appearance of brown hues in these cells was observed in the canned product from fresh peas, which was associated with transformation of chlorophylls into pheophytins and pyrophephytins. The hypodermis in the samples of canned peas from rehydrated raw materials was represented by almost colorless cells. When analyzing the preparations of the parenchymal cells of the indicated processed products stained with iodine, it was shown that starch grains in the samples of frozen and canned green peas from fresh raw materials maintained their concentric shape, while swelling of starch grains was observed in the stained preparations of the parenchyma of canned peas from rehydrated raw materials. The comparative microstructural analysis of processed products from green peas showed that maximum quality had the frozen product from fresh raw materials as the studied indicators (chlorophyll and starch grains) showed.

The article considers the interpretation of the Late Roman empire by pre-revolutionary and Soviet researchers. The subject attracted special interest in the antiquity rarely. Nevertheless it was covered in some detail, especially in the pre-revolutionary period. Despite the fact that the period of the Late Roman Empire became the object of careful attention of scientists, work that covered all spheres of the late-antique society was not created. However many aspects of the life of the society of the end of the III-V centuries were covered in pre-revolutionary historiography as a whole. Soviet historians continued the socio-economic direction in the study of the history of the Late Roman Empire, attempting to include it in the last stage of the "slave revolution". The period of late antiquity (III-V centuries) was assigned a decisive role in this theory, since the social struggle was to be exacerbated precisely during this period. The political aspect of the dominant was interpreted by domestic historiographers as an absolute military-bureaucratic monarchy, which began to take shape even during the Principate period, and finally took shape in the fourth century.

Takayasu’s arteritis is a chronic granulomatous arteritis with predominant involvement of the aorta and its main branches. It occurs both in youth and childhood, manifests between the ages of 10 and 30 years, female patients predominate. This article presents a clinical case of Takayasu’s arteritis in a child with prolonged fever. Clinical case. A 10-year-old girl E. was hospitalized with complaints of febrile fever episodes during the last two months; weakness and back pain were also noted. Observed by an endocrinologist since 2015 with a diagnosis of Stunted growth. Delayed physical development. Diffuse changes of the thyroid gland, euthyroidism. Since 2020 has been observed with the diagnosis Constitutional immaturity. A tendency toward constipation was noted. Observed by an allergist with atopic dermatitis, food and respiratory allergies were diagnosed. By the time of hospitalization, the girl had been ill for two months. During this period, four episodes of fever with scanty catarrhal manifestations were recorded. The diagnostic search went in different directions, infectious, systemic and oncological diseases were excluded. The echographic pattern was typical and highly specific for Takayasu’s arteritis. Additional examination also revealed changes in the celiac trunk in the form of narrowing of its lumen. Clinical diagnosis «Non-specific aortoarteritis, type III, acute phase, stenotic variant, grade 1–3 activity with lesions of the right and left common carotid arteries and the celiac trunk» was made as a result of clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination. This clinical observation demonstrates the difficulty in making a diagnosis due to the variety of clinical forms and the absence of specific disease markers. It takes on average a year and a half from disease debut to clinical diagnosis of the patient. However, lack of therapy over a long period can be crucial for an adverse outcome of the disease.

At the present stage of medical technologies development, high-performance sports have faced serious difficulties. Its rules and fundamental principles not only fail to keep pace with changes in law and society, but also sometimes contradict themselves. High-performance sports is a balance between the basic rights to selfdetermination as a person of a certain gender and the rules of fair play. The reality is that in order to win sports competitions, people go to extreme measures, for example, changing their biological gender. In this situation, determining the persons (men, women) with whom an athlete should compete becomes not such a simple task, there is legal uncertainty, which sometimes does not provide an opportunity to clearly determine what gender a particular athlete is. The unequal struggle or “death of women’s sports” as such, as well as concerns that men who become women gain an unfair advantage in women’s competitions and the increasing number of cases of participation of transgender athletes in international competitions, prompted the authors of the article to analyze the foreign experience of legal regulation of the participation of such persons in high-performance sports. What is more important: the right to self-determination and self-acceptance as a person of the opposite sex or the rules of fair play? If there are special and general rules of legal regulation, a normative act of a private nature is applied, defining the “self-determination of a person” as a dominant in sports matters. But is everything so clear in high-performance sports? Legal conflicts and ambiguous legal situations (legally significant circumstances) are considered within the framework of this article.

The Olistostrome member of the Sana-Una Paleozoic complex of the Ljubija ore mine in Bosnia and Herzegovina contains limestone fragments of pebble to block size that have been examined paleontologically. The recovered conodont fauna of the first sample is characterized by the species Declinognathodus lateralis, Idiognathoides sulcatus sulcatus and Idiognathodus sp. confirming its mid-Bashkirian age. This report is the first on the occurrence of these taxa in the area. The second sample with chaetetid demosponges yields an abundant diversified microbiota consisting of cyanobacteria, algae and foraminifera. Chlorophyts are marked by the common siphonoclad occurrence of Donezella lutugini and D. lunaensis, whereas rhodophyts include rare representatives of Stacheia, Stacheoides, Pseudoungdarella and Masloviporidium. The presence of Asphaltinella horowitzi and Aphralysia carbonaria of unclear taxonomic position is also documented. Pseudostaffellids, eostaffellids and other foraminifera, mostly endothyrids are present. The examined associations of fossils point to the Bashkirian age of the primary rock that originated in a very shallow habitat most probably linked to a high-energy reef environment.

Робота присвячена розв’язанню задачі про вдавлення в пружний півпростір циліндричного штампу з плоскою основою під дією вертикальної сили, лінія дії якої проходить через центр основи. Поперечний перетин штампу займає двозв’язну область, обмежену двома концентричними лініями. Зроблено стислий огляд методів розв’язання задачі аналізу контактної взаємодії між циліндричним штампом та пружним півпростором. Застосовано розв’язок задачі у вигляді розкладення за малим параметром для випадка коли рівняння граничних кривих залежать від одного і того ж малого параметра. Для цього у кожному наближенні задача про вдавлення штампа з двозв’язною площадкою контакту у формі некругового кільця зводиться до аналогічної задачі про вдавлення штампа з площадкою контакту у формі кругового кільця. Розроблено програмне забезпечення на мові Java для обробки аналітичного розв’язку за отриманими розрахунковими формулами. За допомогою програмного пакету ANSYS створено скінчено-елементну модель контактної взаємодії абсолютно жорсткого штампа з пружним півпростором. Чисельне моделювання відбувалося із застосуванням ліцензованої версії, яка надається безкоштовно. Розв’язана низка задач для квадратних кілець різної ширини. Отримано розподіл тиску під штампом у різних перерізах та заглиблення штампу. Побудовані графіки розподілу тиску. При розв’язанні низки тестових задач з метою оцінки адекватності скінчено-елементної моделі, було проведено порівняння чисельних результатів з результатами, отриманими аналітичним шляхом. Отримана модель може бути використана для аналізу та прогнозування навантаження, зносу та руйнування контактної ділянки. До перспектив дослідження можуть бути віднесено розв’язання низки задач аналізу напружено-деформованого стану взаємодії штампу складної форми з пружнім півпростором, а також групи штампів складної форми, та аналіз поведінки моделі в залежності від властивостей та особливостей пружного півпростору. Ключові слова: контактна задача, штамп, напружено-деформований стан, моделювання, мова JAVA, скінчено-елементний аналіз, програмний комплекс ANSYS.

The current state of studies on application and safety of food additives in various technologies for food production is examined. Considerable attention should be given to studies dedicated to analysis of food safety criteria due to a possibility of appearance of adverse consequences for human health and the trend towards increasing life quality. Special emphasis is placed on such parameters as genotoxicity and mutagenicity. It is shown that the most rapid and convenient tool for complex monitoring of product toxicity can be the bioassay procedure. Based on the review of the literature on bioassays for edible meat and meat products, canned foods, carbonated soft drinks, beer, milk and milk containing products as well as seasonings, the authors show that above mentioned products had the cyto- and genotoxic potential when tested on animal and human cell cultures, microorganisms and plants. With that, it was found that a list of relevant publications is quite small despite a significant growth in scientific research dedicated to food toxicity assessment using bioassays. A review on the conducted research on assessment of genotoxic and mutagenic effects of foods by bioassay methods will make it possible to extend the understanding of the processes and mechanisms of this toxicity and form more rational concept of consumption.

Existing approaches to treatment of patients with vestibular migraine were considered. All the approaches were based on the reports on the disease occurrences, retrospective cohort studies, and open tests. It was shown that further study of vestibular migraine was needed, basing on general diagnostic criteria.

The objective of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnosis of tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis in bronchobiopsy specimens obtained during navigation by radial endobronchial ultrasonography (rEBUS) in patients with peripheral lung lesions without bacterial excretion.Subjects and methods. A retrospective analysis of the diagnostic effectiveness of bronchoscopic examination with biopsies was carried out in 179 patients (75 men and 104 women) suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis or mycobacteriosis without bacterial excretion; peripheral lung lesions had been visualized by computed tomography (CT). The patients were divided into two groups: 93 underwent bronchoscopy with biopsies with rEBUS navigation, 86 underwent bronchoscopy with classical biopsies and preliminary CT navigation. Each patient underwent multiple biopsies, at least one fluid biopsy (bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial lavage), and one tissue biopsy (transbronchial lung biopsy or brush biopsy). Specimens collected by all types of bronchobiopsy were sent for microbiological and cytological tests, specimens of pulmonary transbronchial biopsy were additionally sent for histological examination.Results. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was verified by bronchobiopsy in 106 (67.5%) of 158 patients with tuberculosis, but statistically significantly more often in the group with rEBUS navigation versus the group without it – 81.9% (68/83) versus 50.7% (38/75), respectively (pχ2 < 0.01). The diagnosis of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis was verified by bronchobiopsy in 13 (61.9%) of 21 patients, in the group with rEBUS navigation – in 80.0% (8/10) patients, in the group without it – in 45.5% (5/11) (pφ > 0.05). The use of rEBUS navigation while collecting bronchobiopsy specimens made it possible to increase the etiological verification of tuberculosis using the following microbiological methods: microscopy – from 14.7 to 49.4% (pχ2 < 0.01), molecular genetic – from 41.3 to 72.3% ( pχ2 < 0.01), culture (Bactec MGIT960) – from 44.0 to 67.5% (pχ2 < 0.01) The greatest enhancement of diagnostic effectiveness was achieved in the specimens of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial lavage – from 33.3 to 71.1% (pχ2 < 0.01) and in brush biopsy specimens – from 25.6 to 57.6% (pχ2 < 0.01).