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Abstract: Research advantages of the three main technologies and targets of wetland restoration in coal mine areas including wastewater treatment, landscape and ecosystem establishment and fish farming were summarized in the article. By using fly ash as matrix, assembling phytoplankton and algae and controlling hydraulic conditions, constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment were built based on absorption by plants and biochemical effects by microorganism to treat acrid water with heavy mental concentration. Landscape and ecosystem restoration should take account of regional characteristics to build wetland parks and integrated ecosystem for both landscape and protection and restoration of biodiversity. Fish farming should be built based on appropriate water quality and take tests on selected fish species to assess feasibility and economic benefits in coal mine areas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder. β-amyloid protein (Aβ) is the key protein which involved in AD. But the physiological function of Aβ is needed to be investigated. Many experimental studies have shown that Aβ could bind to glycoproteins D (gD) on the surface of the herpes virus. However the mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we elucidate the molecular mechanism of the interaction between Aβ and gD of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Molecular dynamics simulations displayed that Aβ could stably bind to the HSV-2 gD owing to the presence of several interactions. Analysis binding free energy by molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM–PBSA) method revealed that hot residues including Glu3, Glu11, Glu22 and Ala42 of Aβ1-42 were involved in binding with HSV-2 gD. Thus, the HSV-2 gD can be entrapped by Aβ which will be utilized for prevent and therapy of AD in future.

The working principle of magneto-rheological fluids transmission device（MRFTD） is introduced,and the mechanical structure and heat radiation system are designed based on the magneto-rheological Bingham model.The magnetic circuit design and magnetic field simulation are carried out based on finite element analysis software Ansoft Maxwell,thus,the distributions cloud picture of magnetic field under different excitation currents are obtained.The research results that the references and basis for the optimal design of MRFTD are provided.

The magnetorheological fluid transmission device power transmission mechanism is analyzed according to the Bingham model,and a disk- type magnetorheological fluid transmission device is designed. By using finite element analysis software Ansoft Maxwell,the magnetic circuit design and magnetic field simulation are carried out and the magnetic field distribution nephogram is obtained. A magnetic field tester is built,on which the magnetic field is tested. This transmission device is able to meet the working requirements,and the foundation for the next experiment is laid.

Angiogenesis following cerebral ischemia is crucial for restoring blood supply to the ischemic region. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) offer potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Houshiheisan (HSHS) has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients, reduce cerebral ischemic damage in rats, and protect endothelial cells. However, the potential effects of HSHS-modified EPC-derived EVs (EVsHSHS) for cerebral ischemia remain unexplored. This study investigated the impact of EVsHSHS on angiogenesis using rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Results demonstrated that EVsHSHS promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of BMECs in vitro. In vivo, high doses of EVsHSHS exhibited better performance than equivalent doses of unmodified EPC-derived EVs in reducing cerebral infarction volume, improving cortical blood perfusion, decreasing neurological deficit scores, and increasing cortical microvessel density at day 7 post-modeling. The pro-angiogenic effects of EVsHSHS following cerebral ischemia were associated with the regulation of miR-126 and the PIK3R2/PI3K/AKT pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We aimed to investigate the mechanism of Tianma (tall gastrodia tuber) -Hongjingtian (rose root) medicinal pair in regulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) /nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to protect the endothelial cell barrier in mice with hypoperfused-cerebral small vessel disease. Methods Seventy male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to the sham operation group, model group, Tianma-Hongjingtian group I, II, and III (the mass ratio of Tianma to Hongjingtian were 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2), with 14 mice in each group. A unilateral common carotid artery occlusion mouse model was established. The mice of each group were gavaged once at six hours after the surgery then once every 24 h thereafter. The doses of Tianma-Hongjingtian group I, II, and III were 1.30, 1.95, and 1.95 g/ (kg·d), and the sham operation and model groups were administered with the same volume of saline. Cerebral blood flow detection and behavioral post and sampling were performed on the 3rd day (acute phase) and 7th day (subacute phase) of the experiment. Laser diffuse linear ratio imaging was used to observe changes in cerebral blood flow. A gait analyzer was used to evaluate motor coordination. Hematoxylin-eosin staining combined with light microscopy was used to observe pathological and morphological changes in brain tissue. Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of albumin. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of tight junction proteins (Occludin and ZO-1). The expression levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-β, and IL-6 were detected through RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results Compared with the sham operation group, cerebral blood flow was reduced on the 3rd day and 7th day in the model group (P < 0.05); gait abnormalities of prolonged swing duration, reduced stride frequency, and reduced gait equilibrium (P < 0.05) were observed; severe pathological damage was observed in brain tissues, with increased level of albumin expression, decreased protein expression levels of Occludin and ZO-1 (P < 0.05); mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-β, and IL-6 increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the cerebral blood flow of mice on the 3rd and 7th day in the three Tianma-Hongjingtian groups was elevated (P < 0.05); swinging duration was shortened, step frequency increased, gait equilibrium was elevated (P < 0.05); brain histopathological damage was reduced, albumin expression level decreased (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of Occludin and ZO-1 proteins were elevated (P < 0.05); the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-β, and IL-6 were decreased (P < 0.05). Among them, the combined efficacy was better on the 3rd day of Tianma-Hongjingtian group II; the combined efficacy was better on the 7th day of Tianma-Hongjingtian group III. Conclusion Tianma-Hongjingtian can increase cerebral blood flow, improve gait abnormalities, reduce pathological damage to brain tissue, and protecte the function and structure of the endothelial barrier in mice with hypoperfused cerebral small vessel disease, and the mechanism may be related to decreasing the expression of inflammatory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Autophagy, a highly regulated process with a dual role (pro-survival or pro-death), has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism whereby mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates autophagy by modulating protein O-GlcNAcylation in human trophoblasts. Methods HTR8/SVneo cells were incubated in serum-free medium for different time intervals or treated with varying doses of Torin1. Protein expression and cell apoptosis were detected by immunoblotting and flow cytometry, respectively. Results Short-term serum starvation or slight suppression of mTOR signaling promoted autophagy and decreased apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. Conversely, prolonged serum starvation or excessive inhibition of mTOR reduced autophagy and enhanced cell apoptosis. Both serum starvation and mTOR signaling suppression reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation. Upregulation and downregulation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels attenuated and augmented autophagy, respectively. Moderate mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy was blocked by upregulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Beclin1 and synaptosome associated protein 29 (SNAP29) could be O-GlcNAcylated, and that slight mTOR inhibition resulted in decreased O-GlcNAc modification of Beclin1 and SNAP29. Notably, we observed an inverse correlation between phosphorylation (Ser15) and O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1. Conclusion mTOR signaling inhibition played dual roles in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. Moderate mTOR suppression might induce autophagy via modulating O-GlcNAcylation of Beclin1 and SNAP29. Moreover, the negative interplay between Beclin1 O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation (Ser15) may be involved in autophagy regulation by mTOR signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel design of carbon materials with stable nanoarchitecture and optimized electrical properties featuring simultaneous intercalation of lithium ions (Li+) and sodium ions (Na+) is of great significance for the superb lithium–sodium storage capacities. Biomass‐derived carbon materials with affluent porosity have been widely studied as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, it remains unexplored to further enhance the stability and utilization of the porous carbon skeleton during cycles. Here, a lotus stems derived porous carbon (LPC) with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and intrinsic carbon nanowires framework (CNF) is successfully fabricated by a self‐template method. The LPC anodes show remarkable Li+ and Na+ storage performance with ultrahigh capacity (738 mA h g−1 for LIBs and 460 mA h g−1 for SIBs at 0.2 C after 300 cycles, 1C≈372 mA h g−1) and excellent long‐term stability. Structural analysis indicates that the CNFs‐supported porous structure and internal GQDs with excellent electrical conductivity contribute significantly to the dominant capacitive storage mechanism in LPC. This work provides new perspectives for developing advanced carbon‐based materials for multifunctional batteries with improved stability and utilization of porous carbon frameworks during cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Exosomes have been reported to play an important role in the anti-tumor immune response, tumor diagnosis and other processes, and are promising biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. In this work, a sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was developed for detection of exosomes using aptamer modified two-dimensional material Ti 3 C 2 MXenes nanosheets as the ECL nanoprobe because of its large surface area, the excellent conductivity and catalytic properties. The exosomes can be high efficiently captured onto the electrode surface by an EpCAM protein recognized aptamer modified on the electrode surface. In addition, the ECL nanoprobe can also recognize the exosomes, and significantly enhanced the ECL signals of luminol. Based on this strategy, a highly sensitive ECL biosensor for MCF-7 exosomes detection was obtained. The detection limit is 125 particles μL−1, which was over 100 times lower than that of conventional ELISA method. The as prepared ECL biosensor was performed successfully for MCF-7 exosomes detection in the serum. This strategy provided a feasible, sensitive and reliable tool for the exosomes detection in exosomes-related clinical diagnostics. Graphical abstract A novel and sensitive ECL biosensor using aptamer modified two-dimensional material Ti 3 C 2 MXenes nanosheets as the ECL nanoprobe to achieve signal amplification was developed for exosomes activity analysis. fx1 Highlights • The exosomes were analyzed by a novel ECL biosensor firstly. • Aptamer modified MXenes as nanoprobe catalysis the luminol to enhance the ECL intensity. • The large surface area of MXenes load more aptamer to boost the sensitivity of biosensor. • The ECL biosensor was performed successfully in serum and showed highly promise in exosomes-related clinical diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are comprehensive indicators to evaluate visceral fat and determine the metabolic health of individuals. Carotenoids are a group of naturally occurring antioxidants associated with several diseases. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the association between serum carotenoid concentration and VAI or LAP. Methods: The data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2001 and 2006. The levels of serum carotenoids were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariate linear regression models were employed to investigate the relationship between levels of serum carotenoids and VAI or LAP. The potential non-linear relationship was determined using threshold effect analysis and fitted smoothing curves. Stratification analysis was performed to investigate the potential modifying factors. Results: In total, 5,084 participants were included in this population-based investigation. In the multivariate linear regressions, compared to the lowest quartiles of serum carotenoids, the highest quartiles were significantly associated with VAI, and the effect size (β) and 95% CI was − 0.98 (− 1.34, − 0.62) for α-carotene, − 1.39 (− 1.77, − 1.00) for β-carotene, − 0.79 (− 1.18, − 0.41) for β-cryptoxanthin, − 0.68 (− 0.96, − 0.39) for lutein/zeaxanthin, and − 0.88 (− 1.50, − 0.27) for trans-lycopene. Using piece-wise linear regression models, non-linear relationships were found between β-carotene and trans-lycopene and VAI with an inflection point of 2.44 (log2-transformed, ug/dL) and 3.80 (log2-transformed, ug/dL), respectively. The results indicated that α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin were linearly associated with VAI. An inverse association was also found between serum carotenoids and LAP after complete adjustments. Conclusion: This study revealed that several serum carotenoids were associated with VAI or LAP among the general American population. Further large prospective investigations are warranted to support this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis is one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease and is driven by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in the arteries, which leads to stenosis and thrombosis. Researchers have been working to design multifunctional nanomedicines with the ability to target, diagnose, and treat atherosclerosis, but recent studies have also identified that nanomaterials can cause atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review aims to outline the molecular mechanisms and physicochemical properties of nanomaterials that promote atherosclerosis. By analyzing the toxicological effects of nanomaterials on cells involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis such as vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and immune cells, we aim to provide new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, and raise awareness of nanotoxicology to advance the clinical translation and sustainable development of nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly sensitive electrochemical detection of trace minocycline (MCL), one of the most important antibiotics, presents a challenge due to the lack of suitable substrates and low detection efficiency. In this work, an electrochemical biosensor with an electrode consisting of boron-doped diamond (BDD) and carbon nanowalls (CNWs) (named BDD/CNWs) is designed for the detection of MCL. The electrochemical behavior of MCL at varying scan rates suggests an adsorption-controlled mechanism dominating the process on the BDD/CNWs electrode. The sensor demonstrates good linearity in the range from 0.02 to 100 μM and achieved a limit of detection as low as 9.8 nM, ascribed to the synergistic effect of the combination of BDD with CNWs, which provide a broad potential window (2.63 V), more reaction sites, and low charge transfer resistance (87 Ω) from the electrode. Examinations of trace MCL in citric acid-phosphate buffer, tap water, rat blood, as well as interference tests, reveal high sensitivity, specificity, stability, and repeatability of the BDD/CNWs electrode, which shows promise for practical applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buildings of more than 34,000,000m2 areas are heated by hydro-geothermal energy in Tianjin, China. Karst reservoir is currently the most important hydro-geothermal resources under utilization. However, the imbalance between production and injection leads to a sharp decline of geothermal pressure. Thus, the geothermal doublet system composed of injection and production wells is required for sustainable production. This study takes Panzhuang karst geothermal reservoir (PGR) as an example, and establishes a regional-scale 3D realistic geothermal model to understand the natural status of temperature distribution in PGR, and the variation of temperatures in both production reservoirs, caprocks and deep wells under exploitation. Furthermore, the well placement is optimized, considering economic cost, to maintain the reservoir pressure and reduce the risk of heat breakthrough. The results show that the injection well should be placed downstream to the production well with a distance of 700 m. The optimized production and injection rates are estimated at 150 m3/h, which is able to maintain the wellhead temperature with the range from 97.5 °C to 99.5 °C, heat extraction rate of 12.4 MW for 50 years and the maximum pressure change in the reservoir below 140 kPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On October 1, 2009, sixteen dolphins were obtained from fishermen by incidental catching in the Yellow Sea, China. As the dolphins' skin color was ambiguous, morphological parameters were measured, and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene sequence was studied to identify the species. Morphological characteristics were consistent with Pantropical spotted dolphins, Stenella attenuata. Furthermore, a partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene sequence as long as 328-bp was studied by extracting genomic DNA from the skins, and six haplotypes were detected in the sixteen dolphins. By comparing homologous sequences available in GenBank (), all the six haplotypes had maximal genetic similarity with Pantropical spotted dolphin. Eight species of cetacean (whales and dolphins) are now recognised in the Yellow Sea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of Pantropical spotted dolphins from this region. Despite this species being listed as a Grade II National Key Protected Animal since 1988, little is known of its biology in Chinese waters. We recommend remedial research be undertaken to ensure appropriate management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study examines the dose-response relationship of exercise prescriptions for improving frailty in older adults, utilizing the 2024 older adult compendium to quantify exercise intensity and energy expenditure. • A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 2716 participants revealed that low- to moderate-intensity exercise significantly improved frailty in older adults (SMD = −0.81, p < 0.001). • Results suggest that only 300 MET-minutes per week (half of the WHO's recommended minimum) is sufficient to achieve significant frailty improvement, making exercise more accessible for older adults. • High-intensity exercise did not show a statistically significant effect on frailty, indicating that low to moderate intensity is optimal for frailty improvement in older adults. • The findings support personalized exercise prescriptions tailored to the needs of older adults, emphasizing safety, adaptability, and feasibility for clinical application. This study explored the dose-response relationship of exercise prescriptions for improving frailty in older adults, based on the 2024 Older Adult Compendium. It aims to provide evidence-based support for developing frailty intervention programs and their clinical application. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to November 5th, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to exercise interventions in older adults were included. Relevant studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected, and data were extracted for further analysis. The quality of the included studies was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using R, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) was used to quantify effect sizes. A total of 16 eligible RCTs comprising 2,716 older adults were included. The meta-analysis revealed that exercise significantly improved frailty among older adults [SMD = -0.81, 95 % CI (-1.25, -0.38), P < 0.001]. However, high-intensity exercise did not demonstrate a significant effect on frailty improvement [SMD = -0.45, 95 % CI (-0.96, 0.06), P = 0.3]. The analysis indicated a nonlinear dose-response relationship between exercise and frailty improvement. The predicted values for frailty improvement at the minimum and maximum exercise doses recommended by the World Health Organization (600 MET-minutes/week and 1200 MET-minutes/week, respectively) were -0.79 (95 % CI [-1.17, -0.41]) and -1.39 (95 % CI [-2.62, -0.15]), respectively. Low- to moderate-intensity exercise significantly improves frailty among older adults, while high-intensity exercise programs are not recommended. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thrombotic events cannot be completely prevented by antithrombotics, implicating a therapeutic gap due to inflammation, a not yet sufficiently addressed mechanism. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an essential interface between inflammation and thrombosis, but exactly how the NETotic process is initiated and maintained during arterial thrombosis remains incompletely understood. Methods and results: We found that the plasma concentrations of C5a were higher in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) than in patients with angina and higher in mice with left common carotid artery (LCCA) thrombosis induced by FeCl3 than in control mice. We observed that the thrombus area and weight were decreased and that NET formation in the thrombi was reduced in the group treated with the selective C5aR1 receptor inhibitor PMX53 compared with the NaCl group. In vitro, NETosis was observed when C5a was added to neutrophil cultures, and this effect was reversed by PMX53. In addition, our data showed that C5a increased the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that the promotion of NET formation by C5a was mitochondrial ROS (Mito-ROS) dependent. Furthermore, we found that C5a induced the production of Mito-ROS by inhibiting mitochondrial STAT3 activity. Conclusions: By inhibiting mitochondrial STAT3 to elicit Mito-ROS generation, C5a triggers the generation of NETs to promote the development of arterial thrombosis. Hence, our study identifies complement C5a as a potential new target for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plaque-induced gingivitis is an inflammatory response in gingival tissues resulting from bacterial plaque accumulation at the gingival margin. Postbiotics can promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and optimise the state of microbiota in the oral cavity. In this study, we investigated the effect of inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Probio-01 on plaque-induced gingivitis and the dental plaque microbiota. A total of 32 healthy gingival participants (Group N, using blank toothpaste for 3 months) and 60 patients with plaque-induced gingivitis (30 in Group F, using inactivated Probio-01 toothpaste for 3 months, and 30 in Group B, using blank toothpaste for 3 months, respectively) were recruited. Clinical indices, which included bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI), were used to assess the severity of gingivitis. Furthermore, 16SrDNA amplicon sequencing was used to explore changes in the gingival state and dental plaque microbiota in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis. The results showed that inactivated Probio-01 significantly reduced clinical indices of gingivitis, including BOP, GI, and PI, in participants with plaque-induced gingivitis and effectively relieved gingival inflammation, compared with that observed in the control group (group B). Inactivated Probio-01 did not significantly influence the diversity of dental plaque microbiota, but increased the relative abundance of dental plaque core bacteria, such as Leptotrichia and Fusobacterium (P < 0.05). Strong correlations were observed between the indices and abundance of dental plaque microbiota. Overall, the inactivated Probio-01 significantly reduced the clinical indices of gingivitis and effectively improved gingival inflammation in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis. The activity of inactivated Probio-01 against plaque-induced gingivitis was possibly mediated by its ability to regulate the dental plaque microbiota, as indicated by the close correlation between the plaque microbiota and clinical indices of gingivitis. • Probiotics may be used as adjuvant treatment to control the plaque-induced gingivitis. • Inactivated Probio-01 significantly reduced the clinical indices of gingivitis and effectively improved the gingival inflammation. • Inactivated Probio-01 may alleviate plaque-induced gingivitis by regulating dental plaque microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) by regulating apoptosis. Although the role of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) KCNQ1OT1 in CIRI has been reported, the specific mechanism is still unclear. In this paper, the regulation of ERS by LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in CIRI and its mechanism were studied. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model was established in SD rats with KCNQ1OT1 intervention. PC12 cells were used to construct the OGD/R cell model. The expressions of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 and miR-30b were detected by RT-qPCR. TCC staining was used to detect the extent of cerebral ischemia. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis level, and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of ERS and apoptosis-related proteins. The targeted binding of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1, miR-30b, and GRP78 was detected by double luciferase assay. The expressions of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 and miR-30b were interfered by cell transfection. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8. The level of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 was increased and that of miR-30b was decreased in the blood samples of patients with CIRI. In tMCAO rats with KCNQ1OT1 intervention, the expression of miR-30b was increased, and the ischemic range of brain tissues was decreased. What's more, the level of ERS was decreased, and the apoptosis of brain tissues was decreased. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 could regulate miR-30b/GRP78 in OGD/R cells in a targeted way. Intervention of KCNQ1OT1 could promote the proliferation of OGD/R cells, inhibiting the level of ERS and cell apoptosis. Further inhibition of miR-30b could reverse the effect of intervention of KCNQ1OT1. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 regulates ERS to affect CIRI through targeting miR-30b/GRP78. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 opposite strand 1 (KCNQ1OT1), a long non-coding RNA found in the KCNQ1 locus, has been evidenced to play important roles in the aggravation of inflammatory and oxidative stresses under hypoxia, but whether and how KCNQ1OT1 contributes to neuronal damages in the cerebral ischemic stroke remains unknown. In the present study, we found a dominant upregulation of KCNQ1OT1 both in the plasma of cerebral ischemia patients and in an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model in PC12 cells. KCNQ1OT1 knocking-down significantly ameliorated the inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis induced by OGD/R. We further demonstrated that KCNQ1OT1 directly bound to and suppressed the expression of miR-140-3p. Overexpressing miR-140-3p significantly alleviated both the inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis in OGD/R, while all those cytoprotective effects of miR-140-3p-overexpression were hindered by the co-overexpression of KCNQ1OT1. Furthermore, we found a direct interaction between miR-140-3p and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which was suppressed by the upregulation of KCNQ1OT1 in OGD/R. Our results indicate that KCNQ1OT1 exacerbates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury by targeted binding to miR-140-3p, thus interfering its direct interaction with HIF-1α. These data provide novel therapeutic targets in the cerebral ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a composite electrode containing boron-doped diamond and high graphite content (HGBDD) by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system at high methane concentration. The electrode is applied to test the trace level of phenacetin. Scanning rate studies have exhibited that electrochemical oxidation is controlled by adsorption with scanning speed ranging from 20 to 100 mV s−1, while at a higher scanning rate, electrochemical oxidation is controlled by diffusion process. Voltammetry of phenacetin researched on the HGBDD electrode reveals the redox mechanism of phenacetin, the HGBDD has a high current response with a sensitive detection limit of 0.058 μM and a wide linear detection range of 0.5 μM - 400 μM. The high performance could be attributed to the presence of a higher carrier concentration for HGBDD electrode. Based on the density functional theory caculations, the graphite on the diamond surface could adsorb phenacetin strongly and provide more active sites for the redox reaction. Due to the unique properties of diamond, the electrode shows stability, repeatability, and accuracy for detecting phenacetin. [Display omitted] • A phenacetin electrochemical sensor based on graphite/BDD is developed. • Graphite/BDD composite electrode is prepared at high methane concentration. • Graphite on diamond surface adsorbs phenacetin stronger than BDD. • Electrode shows excellent sensibility, reusable, reproducibility and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exercise compression garments have increased in popularity among athletes at all levels during the last 10 years. However, the scientific grounds for this are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of wearing exercise compression stockings (CS) on the anterior compartment pressure, oxygenation of the tibialis anterior muscle, and early blood biomarkers change for muscle damage during a 10-km treadmill run in healthy subjects. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects completed two identical treadmill runs, with or without CS. The subjects were randomized regarding the order in which the sessions were performed. Intramuscular pressure (IMP) and muscle oxygenation in the one leg were continuously measured before, during, and after running sessions. Blood samples were collected just before and directly after these sessions and analyzed for myoglobin and creatine kinase concentrations. Results: The use of CS during running resulted in significantly higher IMP (by 22 ± 3.1 mmHg on average) and lower tissue oxygenation index (by 11 ± 1.8%) compared to running without CS (p < 0.001). In addition, the Δ change in median serum myoglobin concentration measured before and after running was significantly higher when CS were used: 58 (9‒210) µg/L as compared to 38 (0‒196) µg/L with no CS (p = 0.04). No difference in post-running early serum creatine kinase concentration was observed between using CS and not using CS. Conclusion: Wearing exercise CS during and following a 10-km treadmill run elevated IMP and reduced muscle tissue oxygenation in the anterior compartment of healthy runners. Furthermore, the use of exercise CS did not prevent early exercise-induced muscle damage, as measured by serum biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein-conjugated CdS nanocrystals (NCs) with different morphology have been synthesized under biomimetic condition using trypsin as capping agent in aqueous medium. The reaction parameters including concentration of trypsin, pH value, reaction time, and temperature have a major influence on the morphology and optical property of CdS NCs. XRD, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), TEM, HRTEM, and EDS characterizations were used to investigate the structure, composition, morphology, and size of as-prepared products. The binding reaction between Cd/CdS and trypsin was investigated systematically through various spectroscopic methods. UV-vis, FT-IR, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and conductivity analysis of Cd-trypsin suggest that Cd ions could coordinate with the functional groups of trypsin and induce the formation of unfolding and loosening structure in protein molecules, and the change of protein conformation was also verified by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. This interaction increased local supersaturation of Cd ions around the groups of trypsin and reduced the nucleation activation energy of CdS nuclei, which favored heterogeneous nucleation in trypsin matrix and resulted in the formation of inorganic-organic hybrid materials. The functional integrity of the enzyme conjugated to CdS NCs was studied by monitoring the enzymatic activity of CdS-trypsin conjugates. The fluorescence of CdS NCs is dependent strongly on trypsin which passivates the surface of NCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study demonstrates the role of zein molecules in synthesizing CdS nanoassemblies through protein-directed, green synthetic approach. Zein molecules can as capping ligand and stabilizing agent to regulate the nucleation and growth of CdS nanocrystals, and the obtained products are organic-inorganic nanocomposites. The analysis of surface charge and conductivity indicates that strong electrostatic force restricts mobility of ions, which creates a local supersaturation surrounding the binding sites of zein and reduces the activated energy of nucleation. The interaction between Cd/CdS and zein molecules was systematically investigated through spectroscopy techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were used to envisage the binding of the functional groups of zein with the surface of CdS nanoparticles. Ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra results show that Cd/CdS might interact with the aromatic amino acids of protein molecules and change its chemical microenvironment. The quantum-confined effect of nanocrystals is confirmed by optical absorption spectrum due to the small size (3-5 nm) of CdS particles. The data of circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicate that the formation of CdS nanocrystals could lead to the conformational change of zein molecules. Moreover, the possible mechanism of CdS nanocrystals growth in zein solution was also discussed. The weak interactions such as Van der Waals, hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds in zein molecules should play a crucial factor in the self-assembly of small nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5 Knocking down the expression of KCNQ1OT1 alleviated ERS, thereby reducing brain tissue apoptosis in CIRI rats. a The expressions of ERS-related proteins GRP78, PERK, IRE1, and ATF-6 were detected by Western blot. b The expressions of CHOP, XBP, caspase3, and caspase12 were detected by Western blot. Correction to: LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Affect Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Targeting miR-30b/GRP78 Correction to: Inflammation (2020) 43(6):2264-2275 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-020-01295-w After the publication of our article, we found that the protein bands of GRP78 and IRE1 in Fig. [Extracted from the article]

10 miR-140-3p overexpression ameliorated the cell apoptosis post-OGD/R. a The level of apoptosis was detected by Tunel assay. b Statistical analysis of apoptosis. c Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of apoptotic proteins Bax, cleaved caspase3, caspase3, and Bcl-2. 5 KCNQ1OT1 knock-down protected cell from apoptosis post-OGD/R. B a b The level of apoptosis was detected by Tunel assay Graph: Fig. The proportion of the cells with TUNEL-positive cells in brain tissues and PC12 cells with TUNEL-positive cells were determined by examination at × 400 magnification. [Extracted from the article]

A simple protein-assisted method was reported to synthesize pepsin-conjugated AgS nanocrystals in aqueous solution. The morphology, composition and structure of the products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction measurements. The results showed that as-prepared monoclinic AgS nanocrystals are worm-like nanochains in shape with sizes about 25 nm in diameter and up to hundreds of nanometres in length. The multiple coordinate bonds of pepsin molecules to the surface of AgS nanocrystals make as-prepared samples have good colloidal stability and biocompatibility as elucidated by Fourier transform infrared examination. Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that the obtained products are inorganic-organic nanocomposites and there is strong interaction between AgS and pepsin. This interaction could result in the change of hydrophilic environment of pepsin and consequently intrinsic fluorescence of protein was quenched by AgS nanocrystals. Furthermore, the nanochains assembly of particle-particle and rod-rod oriented attachment was discussed to investigate the growth mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] CdS nanocrystals were synthesized by biomimetic method in bovine hemoglobin (BHb) solution. [•] The study of the interaction between Cd2+/CdS and BHb. [•] The optical properties of BHb-conjugated CdS nanocrystals. [•] The synthesis process of BHb-conjugated CdS nanocrystals is facile, effective and environment friendly. [•] The change of secondary structure of BHb after binding to CdS nanocrystals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Direct Pink 12B dye was treated by iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) and Fenton oxidation. The degradation pathway of Direct Pink 12B dye was inferred by ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis), infrared absorption spectrum (IR) and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The major reason of decolorization was that the conjugate structure was disrupted in the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) process. However, the dye was not degraded completely because benzene rings and naphthalene rings were not broken. In the Fenton oxidation process, the azo bond groups surrounded by higher electron cloud density were first attacked by hydroxyl radicals to decolorize the dye molecule. Finally benzene rings and naphthalene rings were mineralized to H 2 O and CO 2 under the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, which have been proved to be involved in host–pathogen interactions by recognizing pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the surface of virus, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. In this study, a galactoside-binding lectin homolog was identified from roughskin sculpin Trachidermus fasciatus, named TfGal. The full-length of TfGal cDNA was 1016 bp with a 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of 134 bp and a 3′ UTR of 474 bp, and the open reading frame (ORF) is 408 bp. The deduced protein was composed of 135 amino acids, including a carbohydrate-recognition domain and a galactoside-type carbohydrate-binding motif H-NPR/W--E-R. The deduced amino acid sequence shared 58.52%–87.4% similarities with the galectins of the other fishes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that TfGal mRNA was abundantly expressed in the ovary, heart, stomach, skin, moderately expressed in the liver, brain, gills, spleen, and rarely expressed in the hemocytes, meat and intestine. The expression of TfGal mRNA in the hemocytes and the skin was dramatically up-regulated after challenged with LPS, reaching the highest level at 2 h post-challenge, and then dropped abruptly, while the expression of TfGal mRNA in the liver was up-regulated at 2–6 h post-challenge, and then returned to the normal level, with an increase at 96 h post-challenge again. However, no obvious change of the expression of TfGal mRNA was detected in the stomach. Recombinant TfGal purified from Escherichia coli (BL21) could agglutinate and/or bind microorganisms in Ca2+-independent manner. These results suggested that TfGal might be involved in the innate immune response of roughskin sculpin. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: C-type lectins, as the members of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), play significant roles in innate immunity responses through binding to the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) presented on surfaces of microorganisms. In our study, a C-type lectin gene (TfCTL1) was cloned from the roughskin sculpin using expression sequence tag (EST) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques. The full-length of TfCTL1 was 696 bp, consisting of a 95 bp 5′ untranslated region (UTR), a 498 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 165 amino acid protein, and a 103 bp 3′ UTR with a polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a poly(A) tail. The deduced amino acid sequence of TfCTL1 contained a signal peptide and a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) which had four conserved disulfide-bonded cysteine residues (Cys61-Cys158, Cys134-Cys150) and a Ca2+/carbohydrate-binding site (QPD motif). Results from the qRT-PCR indicated that TfCTL1 mRNA was predominately expressed in the liver. The temporal expression of TfCTL1 was obviously up-regulated in the skin, blood, spleen and heart in time dependent manners by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, whereas in the liver, TfCTL1 was initially down-regulated from 2 h to 48 h followed by an abrupt up-regulation at 72 h. Recombinant TfCTL1 CRD purified from Escherichia coli BL21 was able to agglutinate some Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and a yeast in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Further analysis showed that TfCTL1 can bind to several kinds of microorganisms selectively in a Ca2+-independent manner. These results suggested that TfCTL1 might be involved in the innate response as a PRR. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in innate immune responses. In the present study, we first identified and characterized a key TLR pathway signal transduction molecule interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4), and an important signal-out molecule interleukin-1β (IL-1β) from roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus). IRAK-4 had an open reading frame (ORF) of 1401 bp, which encoded a protein of 467 amino acids with a highly conserved death domain (DD) and a serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase domain (STYKc). The full-length cDNA of IL-1β was 1242 bp with a 756 bp ORF, encoding a protein of 252 amino acids. Neither a signal peptide nor an IL-1β-converting enzyme (ICE) cleavage site was detected in this protein. Both genes were broadly expressed in all the ten examined tissues, with the highest transcript level in the skin, indicating that the host could trigger rapid immune responses in infected tissues through TLR signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to investigate their temporal expression profiles post lipopolysaccharide challenge. The transcripts of both genes were significantly increased in the skin, blood, liver, spleen, and brain. It was shown that the transcript of IL-1β was dramatically induced to 700 times higher than that of the control group in the blood and liver. These results indicate that TLR signaling process may play an important role in fish immune response against microbial infections. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the present work, it is reported for Lysozyme-conjugated HgS nanocrystals with tunable sizes prepared at Lysozyme (Lyso) aqueous solutions by using biomimetic method. The obtained HgS nanoparticles with good dispersibility have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS). The Lysozyme molecules can control nucleation and growth of HgS crystals by binding on the surface of nanocrystals to stabilize protein-capped nanoparticles. Quantum confinement effect of Lyso-conjugated HgS nanocrystals has been confirmed by UV–vis spectra. The nanoparticles exhibit a well-defined emission feature at about 470nm. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) data are used to envisage the binding of nanoparticles with functional groups of Lysozyme. The results of circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicated that the formation of HgS nanocrystals can lead to conformational change of Lysozyme. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effects of storage temperature (20, 30 and 40°C), inoculum type (pure spores, an equal mix of spores and vegetative cells and pure vegetative cells) and water content (20%, 30% and 40%) on the survival and spore formation of the biocontrol agent, Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR-21, in a bioorganic fertilizer were modeled in a 3×3×3 factorial design. Bacterial and spore populations were monitored by plate count and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Temperature significantly affected survival of inoculants after storage for 60days. Populations were 1.48 (plate counting) or 1.71 (FISH) times greater when stored at 20°C compared to 40°C. Inoculation of the fertilizer with pure spores led to the highest spore formation percentage (67.6% for plate counting, 94.2% for FISH). This study provides useful information for preservation of bioorganic fertilizer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Microplastics (MPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been found in all environment matrices and are of concern worldwide. In this study, PAHs were determined in Baiyangdian Lake, China, and the effects of MPs on the migration of PAHs at the lake interfaces were analyzed. The average abundances of detected MPs were 9595 items m -3 for water and 1023 items kg -1 for sediment. The detected MPs were polyamide 6, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. The average Σ 16 PAHs in the water, sediment, and air were 1338 ng L -1 , 751 ng g -1 dry weight, and 395 ng m -3 , respectively. At the air-water interface, naphthalene, and phenanthrene volatilized from water to air, whereas benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene deposited from air to water. The fugacity fraction between sediment and bottom water ranged from 0.88 to 0.99, which indicated net volatilization at the water-sediment interface. The adsorption capacities of the four MPs for the PAHs ranged from 39.4 to 99.8 μg g -1 with a desorption efficiency range of 0.01%-44.3% under oscillation. According to the distribution of PAHs on the MPs, the exchange fluxes of PAHs at the water-air and sediment-water interfaces were recalculated. The results showed that the MPs could increase deposition of the PAHs from air to the water (ΔF A-W : -221 × 10 -2 to -0.01 × 10 -2  ng m -2  d -1 ) and the volatilization of PAHs from sediment to water (ΔF W-S : -79.7 × 10 5 to 180 × 10 5  ng m -2  d -1 ), which suggests that MPs increase the risk of PAHs in water and to aquatic organisms., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that poses a significant health risk to women. The complexity of basic BC research and clinical treatment is influenced by multiple factors, including age, fertility, hormone metabolism, molecular subtypes, and tumor grading and staging. Traditional in vitro models often fall short of meeting modern research demands, whereas organoids-an emerging 3D primary culture technology-offer a unique platform that better replicates the tumor microenvironment (TME). Coupled with advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies, organoids have become increasingly valuable in biological and chemical research. Currently, the most widely used organoid model in BC research is the patient-derived organoid (PDO) model, which is generated directly from original tumor tissues. This paper aims to summarize the current status of PDO models across various BC subtypes, highlighting recent advances in genetics, mechanisms of drug resistance, identification of new therapeutic targets, and approaches to personalized treatment. In conclusion, the development of clinical precision medicine urgently requires in vitro models capable of accurately simulating the unique molecular subtypes of patients. This review will examine the challenges and future prospects of organoid models in BC research, offering new insights into the fundamental mechanisms of BC and paving the way for more effective personalized therapies.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have garnered widespread attention due to their promising development and application prospects. However, progress of AZIBs has been hindered by zinc (Zn) dendrites and side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface (EEI). In particular, the large and uneven pores of commercial glass fiber (GF) separators lead to nonuniform Zn 2+ transport, which causes side reactions. In this study, we employed nanodiamonds (NDs) to regulate the separator pore structure and utilized its surface oxygen-containing functional groups to control the Zn 2+ transport properties. Due to their excellent chemical inertness, superhardness, ultrahigh thermal conductivity, and abundant surface functional groups, NDs modified GF separators for dendrite-free and high-performance AZIBs. Experimental outcomes demonstrate that Zn||Zn symmetric cells using NDs-GF separators exhibit regular charge-discharge profiles, minimal fluctuations, and an ultralong cycling lifespan of nearly 1800 h under a current density of 5 mA cm -2 with a capacity density of 1 mAh cm -2 and 240 h under a high current density of 10 mA cm -2 with a capacity density of 10 mAh cm -2 . The Zn||MnO 2 full cells using NDs-GF separators showcase a high retention after 1000 cycles at 1 A g -1 . This research proposes a modification method for developing advanced separators in AZIBs technology.