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PURPOSE: To report the identification of a novel mutation of the RP2 gene in two Japanese brothers with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa of a differing clinical severity. The mother was a carrier of both retinitis pigmentosa and optic atrophy. METHODS: The older brother had a severe form of retinitis pigmentosa associated with macular degeneration and total optic atrophy, whereas the younger brother presented typical X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. RESULTS: Each patient exhibited a novel 2-bp insertion at codon 278 in exon 3 of the RP2 gene as well as a 11778 mutation in mitochondrial DNA. This suggests that the older brother may have developed Leber hereditary optic neuropathy as well as retinitis pigmentosa. CONCLUSION: Molecular testing confirmed the clinical diagnosis in each case. However, such testing did not explain the differences in the severity of the ophthalmoscopic findings between the two brothers.

Frozen-orbital analysis (FZOA), which has been proposed in order to analyze excitations between degenerate orbitals, is extended to the Tamm―Dancoff approximation to time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT/TDA). FZOA for TDDFT/ TDA with BLYP and B3LYP is applied to a CO molecule, and the difference between TDDFT/TDA and configuration interaction singles (CIS) is discussed.

Some evidence suggests that the primary locus of the lesion in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) may be intraocular rather than retrobulbar. To clarify this issue, the condition of the retrobulbar portion of the optic nerve was evaluated in patients with the acute stage of LHON. High resolution MRI with fast spin echo sequences of the optic nerve complex in the orbit was carried out. Five patients with acute stage LHON were compared with seven patients with acute stage optic neuritis. On T2 weighted fast spin echo MRI, signal changes did not appear in the retrobulbar optic nerve complex in acute stage LHON. By comparison, patients with optic neuritis showed pronounced high signals in the optic nerve. Subsequent orbital MRI in the atrophic stages of the same patients with LHON showed an increase in signal intensity in the optic nerve toward the orbital apex in both eyes. The present results support the hypothesis that a primary lesion in LHON may be intraocular.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early (IE) antigen within the nucleus of cells was detected by flow cytometry in peripheral blood obtained from five bone marrow transplant recipients. In patients with an unexplained fever, CMV antigens were detected in monocytes or lymphocytes. On the other hand, in patients with CMV pneumonia, CMV antigens were detected in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs). We suggest that the detection of CMV antigen in monocytes or lymphocytes may be related to CMV activation or reactivation, and the positive results in PMNLs indicate that the patient has a CMV-associated disease (CMV pneumonia). Our method may be useful in monitoring CMV activation or reactivation, and analysing the mechanisms of CMV infection.

We isolated cDNAs for a novel protein with a calculated molecular mass of 46 kDa, containing a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) with conserved flanking sequences and a C2-type immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain. This novel protein was considered to be a new member of the Ig superfamily and was named ISLR (immunoglobulin superfamily containing LRR). These domains are known to be important for protein-protein interaction or cell adhesion, and therefore it is possible that the novel protein ISLR may also interact with other proteins or cells. Northern blot analysis showed the presence of a 2.4-kb transcript in various human tissues including retina, heart, skeletal muscle, prostate, ovary, small intestine, thyroid, adrenal cortex, testis, stomach, and spinal cord as well as fetal lung and fetal kidney. The ISLR gene was mapped on human chromosome 15q23-q24 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

In search of candidate genes for hereditary retinal disease, we have employed a subtractive and differential cDNA cloning strategy and isolated a novel retina-specific cDNA. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 2187 bp, which encodes a 729-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 80,644 Da. The putative protein contained a conserved domain of copper amine oxidase, which is found in various species from bacteria to mammals. It showed the highest homology to bovine serum amine oxidase, which is believed to control the level of serum biogenic amines. Northern blot analysis of human adult and fetal tissues revealed that the protein is expressed abundantly and specifically in retina as a 2.7-kb transcript. Thus, we considered this protein a human retina-specific amine oxidase (RAO). The RAO gene (AOC2) was mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization to human chromosome 17q21. We propose that AOC2 may be a candidate gene for hereditary ocular diseases.

Background We previously reported that twice-weekly intravenous bortezomib plus doxorubicin and intermediate-dose dexamethasone (iPAD) therapy induced a high complete response (CR) rate of 30% and prolonged remission duration of median 12.1 months in patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma. However, sensory neuropathy was observed in 78% of the patients with grade 3 neuropathy in 22%. To reduce the toxicity, we conducted once-weekly subcutaneous bortezomib therapy given in combination with oral cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (sVCD). Methods This was a phase 2 multicenter study conducted by the Kyushu Hematology Organization for Treatment Study Group (K-HOT). sVCD regimen consists of bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 administered subcutaneously, and cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 and dexamethasone 40 mg given orally on days 1, 8, 15 and 22. The treatment was repeated at a 5-week interval for 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was to determine the complete response rate. The toxicities including sensory neuropathy and injection site reaction were analyzed as the secondary endpoint. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at each participating center and was registered in University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000006490). All patients provided a written-informed consent. Results Thirty-one patients with median age of 69 (range, 43-87) were entered into this study. The numbers of prior chemotherapy line were 1 in 39%, 2 in 23%, and more than 3 in 39% of the patients. Bortezomib, lenalidomide and thalidomide had been given in 52%, 26% and 16%, respectively. CR was achieved in 16%, partial response (PR) in 26%, and minimal response (MR) in 29%, resulting in overall response rate of 71%. Grade 3/4 neutropenia was observed in 35%/3%, thrombocytopenia in 16%/13%, and anemia in 45%/0% of the patients. Grade 3 to 4 non-hematological toxicities were uncommon; the highest incidence of grade 3 events were rash, hyponatremia and hyperglycemia observed in 6%, while no grade 4 events were reported. Grade 3 sensory neuropathy developed in 3% and grade 2 in 19%. Injection site reactions were observed in 39%, but all of them were grade 1. Conclusion sVCD therapy containing bortezomib administered subcutaneously in once-weekly schedule successfully reduced the incidence and severity of sensory neuropathy with moderate response rate. Disclosures: Miyamoto: Kyushu University Hospital: Employment.

We have reported that S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) expression in tumor cells is an unfavorable prognostic factor in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with CHOP-R. Therapeutic strategies other than CHOP-R should be needed for DLBCL patients exhibiting a high Skp2 expression at the time of diagnosis. High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) is mainly adapted for DLBCL patients in high and high intermediate risk groups in IPI. However, the definite beneficial evidence for APBSCT in DLBCL remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the clinical significance of Skp2 expression in the patients with DLBCL treated with CHOP-R plus high-dose chemotherapy followed by APBSCT. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 93 patients (age range: 14-65). The patients were newly diagnosed as having DLBCL from 2002 to 2012, and were treated with either CHOP-R plus upfront APBSCT (n=31) or CHOP-R (n=62) in the19 hospitals in Kyushu, Japan. All patients had high and high intermediate risk in IPI. All biopsy specimens were immunohistopathologically reconfirmed by one pathologist with expertise before entering into this study. The median follow-up time was 2.3 y. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional Hazard model with inverse probability of treatment weight (IPTW). In background of the patients, age was younger in transplant group (mean age 52) than in non-transplant group (mean age 59). CR rate was higher in non-transplant (30.7%) than in transplant (12.9%). Sex, stage, PS, LDH extranodal lesion and IPI showed no difference in both group. Overall survival (OS) for 3 years were 77.0% and 59% in transplant group and in non-transplant group (P=0.077), respectively. Progression-free survival (PFS) for 3 years, 65.7% and 53.2% in transplant and non-transplant group (P=0.233), respectively. In Skp2 high expression (positive rate >40%) group (n=37), 3y-OS was 44.9% and 16.4% in transplant (n=13) and non-transplant (n=24) group (P=0.065), respectively. 3y-PFS was 40.3% and 7.5% in transplant and non-transplant (P=0.032), respectively (Fig A). However, in low Skp2 expression group (n=56), OS was 100% and 92.7% (P=0.254), PFS was 83.6% and 82.6% (P=0.945)(Fig B)in transplant (n=18) and non-transplant (n=38) group, respectively. In propensity score analysis using center effect, age, extranodal lesion, IPI and CR rate as logistic regression model, transplant group showed the excellent benefit in OS ( OR= 0.469, 95%CI =0.266-0.825, P=0.009) and PFS (OR=0.456, 95%CI=0.255-0.815, P=0.008) in Skp2 high expression group (n=37).P value for transplant x Skp2 interaction was P=0.643 in OS and P=0.020 in PFS. In conclusion, Skp2 was a good biomarker for indication of ABSCT for high risk DLBCL patients. In low expression of Skp2, patients should not be treated with high dose chemotherapy followed by APBSCT, even though in patients with high risk in IPI. However, ABSCT have some advantage in DLBCL patients with high expression of Skp2. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The present study theoretically revisits and numerically assesses two-body energy decomposition schemes including a newly proposed one. The new decomposition scheme is designed to make the equilibrium bond distance equivalent with the minimum point of bond energies. Although the other decomposition schemes generally predict the wrong order of the C-C bond strengths of C(2)H(2), C(2)H(4), and C(2)H(6), the new decomposition scheme is capable of reproducing the C-C bond strengths. Numerical assessment on a training set of molecules demonstrates that the present scheme exhibits a stronger correlation with bond dissociation energies than the other decomposition schemes do, which suggests that the new decomposition scheme is a reliable and powerful analysis methodology.

Spectral and time domain OCT measure identical retinal thickness if identical boundaries are selected for analysis

Purpose Lutein has been the focus of recent study as a possible therapeutic approach for retinal diseases, but the molecular mechanism of its neuroprotective effect remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate, with the use of a mouse endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) model, the neuroprotective effects of lutein against retinal neural damage caused by inflammation. Methods EIU was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Each animal was given a subcutaneous injection of lutein or vehicle three times: concurrently with and 3 hours before and after the LPS injection. Analysis was carried out 24 hours after EIU induction. Levels of rhodopsin protein and STAT3 activation were analyzed by immunoblotting. Lengths of the outer segments of the photoreceptor cells were measured. Dark-adapted full-field electroretinograms were recorded. Oxidative stress in the retina was analyzed by dihydroethidium and fluorescent probe. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was shown immunohistochemically. Results The EIU-induced decrease in rhodopsin expression followed by shortening of the outer segments and reduction in a-wave amplitude were prevented by lutein treatment. Levels of STAT3 activation, downstream of inflammatory cytokine signals, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are both upregulated during EIU, were reduced by lutein. Pathologic change of Muller glial cells, represented by GFAP expression, was also prevented by lutein. Conclusions The present data revealed that the antioxidant lutein was neuroprotective during EIU, suggesting a potential approach for suppressing retinal neural damage during inflammation.

We study electronic states of the one-dimensional (DCNQI) 2 M (M=Li and Ag) salts based on the full configuration interaction (CI) method using effective Hamiltonians from ab initio molecular orbital (MO) theory. In the tetramer and octamer models, the ground state has the antiferromagnetic (AF) and charge ordering correlations which correspond to the 2 k F spin density wave (SDW) and 4 k F charge density wave states (CDW). In the octamer model, it is found that some low-lying excited states have similar spin-flipped CDW correlations and the AF correlation is weakened.

A W127X mutation in platelet glycoprotein (GP)IX is the most common genetic defect in Japanese Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (BSS). Patients having this mutation are often misdiagnosed as having immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) because of residual expression of GPIbα on the platelet surface. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether the residual amount of GPIbα present on the surface of GPIXW127X BSS platelets might be sufficient to support adhesive functions of the GPIb complex. Flow cytometric analysis of platelets from our GPIXW127X BSS patient revealed 7–11% of the normal level of GPIbα (3,700 receptors/platelet), although the expression of GPIbα estimated by western blot analysis was only 1% of normal. Expression levels of other receptors such as GPIIb, GPVI, and α2 integrin were 3–4 times higher per platelet than that of normal controls–probably due to the increased size of the BSS platelets. To characterize the ability of GPIXW127X BSS platelets to bind VWF, we evaluated their agglutination in the presence of various concentrations of ristocetin, and found that ristocetin-induced agglutination was absent at 1.2 and 1.5 mg of ristocetin/ml, but present at 2.0 mg/ml. We then evaluated the ability of GPIXW127X BSS platelets to adhere under conditions of flow to immobilized VWF, type 1 collagen, and type III collagen. Whereas platelets derived from a Type I BSS patient having a TGTG deletion within the GPIbα gene in which GPIbα is completely absent (Thrombosis and Haemost 77:1055,1997) were unable to adhere to immobilized VWF under conditions of high shear, GPIXW127X BSS platelets bound well, demonstrating that the residual amount of GPIbα present GPIXW127X BSS platelets is sufficient to mediate adhesion to VWF. Finally, recent studies (J Thromb Haemost 5:797,2007) have shown that platelet adhesion to Type III collagen can be mediated by either interaction of GPIbα with VWF, or by interaction of the integrin α2β1 with collagen under high shear flow. In support of this notion, adhesion of GPIbαTGTG del BSS platelets to immobilized Type III collagen could be completely inhibited by addition of the anti-α2β1 blocking mAb, Gi9, while adhesion of GPIXW127X BSS platelets to Type III collagen was only marginally affected. Taken together, we conclude that platelets having a W127X mutation in GPIX express residual amounts of functional GPIbα, and both GPIb-VWF and integrin α2β1-collagen interactions are physiologically important under conditions of high shear stress. Residual expression of GPIbα in GPIXW127X platelets, therefore, likely accounts for the relatively mild bleeding phenotype in this variant form of BSS.

Upshaw-Schulman syndrome (USS) is a congenital deficiency of the activity of von Willebrand factor (VWF)-cleaving protease or ADAMTS13 due to its gene mutations. USS is a complex thrombo-hemorrhagic disease, but its hallmark is severe neonatal jaundice soon after birth that often requires for exchange blood transfusion, and subsequently during childhood they have repeated episodes of chronic thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia that are reversed by infusions of fresh frozen plasma. However, after a discovery of ADAMTS13, the presence of two phenotype expression on USS-patients was described; one is the early-onset type as abovementioned, and the other is the late-onset type which is asymptomatic during childhood and the first bout develops after adolescent or during adulthood, in association with infections or pregnancy. During the past 8 years, we diagnosed 33 patients with USS. Through analyzing the natural history and the phenotype-genotype expression in these patients, and more specifically to 9 USS-patients who had their first bout at pregnancy, we found that two clinical phenotypes of USS are mostly attributable to misdiagnosis or overlook of thrombocytopenia during childhood, and excluded a possibility of the concern on a trace amount of ADAMTS13 activity which has not been evaluated by the previous methods. Further, in vitro studies we have clearly shown that platelet aggregation or thrombi formation under high shear stress is tremendously up-regulated in the absence of ADAMTS13, that occurs proportionally to the amount of high VWF multimers, that in part is assumed to be an in vitro reflection of the circulation in USS-gravida. Download : Download high-res image (215KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure

A new scheme for obtaining the approximate correlation energy in the divide-and-conquer (DC) method of Yang [Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 1438 (1991)] is presented. In this method, the correlation energy of the total system is evaluated by summing up subsystem contributions, which are calculated from subsystem orbitals based on a scheme for partitioning the correlation energy. We applied this method to the second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), which we call DC-MP2. Numerical assessment revealed that this scheme provides a reliable correlation energy with significantly less computational cost than the conventional MP2 calculation.

Grid-based energy density analysis (grid-EDA) that decomposes the total energy into atomic energies by a space-partitioning function is proposed. The kinetic energy, nuclear attraction, and exchange-correlation functional are evaluated on grid points and are split into atomic contributions. To reduce numerical errors in the conventional scheme of numerical integration, the electronic Coulomb and HF exchange interactions are evaluated by the pseudospectral method, which was first applied to an ab initio method by Friesner [Chem. Phys. Lett. 116, 39 (1985)], and are decomposed into atomic contributions. Grid-EDA using the pseudospectral method succeeds in ensuring less than 1 kcalmol error in total energies for small molecules and providing reliable atomic energy contributions for the problematic lithium cluster, which exhibits a strong basis-set dependence for Mulliken-type EDA. Also, site-dependent atomization energies are estimated by grid-EDA for cluster models such as Li(48), C(41)H(60), and Mg(32)O(32). Grid-EDA reveals that these models imitate crystal environments reasonably because atomization energies estimated from the inner atoms of the models are close to the experimental cohesive energies.

The core-valence-Rydberg Becke's three-parameter exchange (B3)+Lee-Yang-Parr (LYP) correlation functional (CVR-B3LYP) is proposed as a means to improve descriptions of Rydberg excitations of core-valence B3LYP (CV-B3LYP). CV-B3LYP describes excitations from both core and occupied valence orbitals to unoccupied valence orbitals with high accuracy but fails to describe those to Rydberg orbitals. CVR-B3LYP, which adopts the appropriate portions of Hartree-Fock exchange for unoccupied valence and Rydberg regions separately, overcomes the disadvantage of CV-B3LYP. Numerical assessment confirms that time-dependent density functional theory calculations with CVR-B3LYP succeed in describing not only core excitations but also Rydberg excitations with reasonable accuracy.

A new hybrid functional for accurate descriptions of core and valence excitations, the core-valence Becke's three-parameter exchange (B3)+Lee-Yang-Paar (LYP) correlation functional (CV-B3LYP), is proposed. The construction of the new hybrid functional is based on the assessment that B3LYP performs well for properties concerning valence electrons and Becke's half-and-half exchange+LYP functional (BHHLYP), which includes 50% portion of Hartree-Fock exchange, performs well for core excitations. By using the appropriate portions of Hartree-Fock exchange for core and valence regions separately, CV-B3LYP overcomes the disadvantages of BHHLYP and B3LYP, which give inferior descriptions of valence and core excitations, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the CV-B3LYP functional reproduce core- and valence-orbital energies close to those of BHHLYP and B3LYP, respectively. Time-dependent DFT calculations with the CV-B3LYP functional yield both core- and valence-excitation energies with reasonable accuracy.

Oral busulfan (BU) is widely used in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST). Therapeutic effect of BU is related to the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) or the average plasma concentrations at steady state (Css). It has been shown that BU pharmacokinetics (PK) are highly variable and the dose adjustment according to the BU levels is critical to get the successful results of HST for Caucasians. BU is metabolized mainly in the liver through conjugation with glutathione by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Recent study has shown that the polymorphisms of GST genes are associated with the risk of developing hepatic veno-occlusive disease in patients undergoing HST. Ethnic variation is also demonstrated in relation to a gene deletion polymorphism of GST, suggesting that BU metabolism is influenced by the race. BU PK have been extensively investigated in Caucasians and few studies have focused on Asian people. We therefore underwent a prospective trial of adjusting BU doses depending on the individual BU PK in 36 Japanese patients aged from 16 to 64 years (median; 47 years). All patients received a busulfan-containing conditioning regimen and underwent allogeneic HST. Individual PK were studied following a 0.5 mg/kg test dose of BU administered orally. BU concentrations were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method and individual PK parameters of BU were calculated with a one-compartment model by using Bayesian modeling program. The median clearance (CL/F) was 0.16 L/hr/kg (0.09 to 0.34 L/hr/kg), the median volume of distribution (Vd/F) 0.65 L/kg (range; 0.41 to 0.97 L/kg), the median elimination half-life (t1/2) 2.9 hr (range; 1.9 to 7.0 hr), and the median absorption rate constant (ka) 2.46 /hr (range; 0.53 to 6.03 /hr). BU doses were adjusted to achieve a target BU Css between 800 and 900 ng/mL. Twenty-six (72%) patients were required to reduce BU doses and adjusted BU doses ranged from 0.51 to 1.29 mg/kg/time (median; 0.85 mg/kg/time). After administrating the 6th dose of BU for the conditioning regimen, BU PK were analyzed. Expected Css was significantly correlated with observed Css and predictability of the test dose was 106.4±21.8%. Engraftment was successful in 34 of 36 (94%) patients. Grade 2 to 4 regimen-related toxicity except stomatitis occurred in 4 (11%) patients. These data demonstrate that BU PK vary widely from one patient to another after oral BU in Japanese and individualization of BU doses depending on the BU PK are useful in improving clinical outcome in patients undergoing HST.

Upshaw-Schulman syndrome (USS) is a congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) characterized by a deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity due to its mutations. More than half of USS patients have an episode of severe jaundice during the newborn period and require exchange blood transfusions. Beyond this period, however, the clinical manifestations of USS vary significantly from patient to patient, and do not usually include Moschowitz’s pentad, a hallmark of TTP. However, a consistent clinical sign in these patients is an occasional or chronic thrombocytopenia that is enhanced by precipitating factors such as viral infections. Therefore, USS patients are often incorrectly diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) or Evans syndrome during childhood, and the underlying ADAMTS13 gene defects are overlooked. Here, we report on 7 female USS patients belonging to 4 different families, including 3 pairs of siblings who were uniformly diagnosed by episodes of thrombocytopenia or prevalence of TTP at 5~6 months of pregnancy. Plasma ADAMTS13 activity was measured with a highly sensitive ELISA using a monoclonal antibody directed against the VWF-A2 domain developed in our laboratory. The ADAMTS13 activity and gene mutations in these patients are described: Family K: an elder sister K1 (activity 0.69%; gene mutation Y304C/G525D) and a younger sister K2 (activity Fig. Family pedigree of Upshaw-Schulman syndrome Fig. Family pedigree of Upshaw-Schulman syndrome

We propose a new correlation functional based on a transcorrelated Hamiltonian that uses an exponential correlation factor. In our approach, electron–electron correlation effects are not calculated directly but are incorporated into an effective kinetic contribution. Our new functional reproduces accurate correlation energies for H–Ar atoms reasonably well. In order to investigate the behavior of this functional, we have also studied the correlation holes of He and Hooke atoms in detail.

Objective: To evaluate the orbital portion of the optic nerve and the subarachnoid space using fast spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging in normal subjects and in patients with papilledema or optic atrophy. Design: Measurements of the optic nerve complex on coronal images were made using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging with fast spin-echo sequences. Patients: Twenty-one patients, including 5 patients with papilledema due to congenital hydrocephalus, intracranial tumors, or meningitis, as well as 16 patients with optic atrophy, were studied. Sixteen healthy volunteers served as controls. Main Outcome Measures: The longitudinal diameter of the optic nerve, the longitudinal outer diameter of the subarachnoid space, the diameter ratio, and the area of the subarachnoid space were determined. Results: In normal subjects, the ring-shaped area of high signal intensity that represented the subarachnoid space was widest behind the globe, then narrowed toward the orbital apex. In patients with papilledema, the area of the subarachnoid space was markedly dilated, the optic nerve was compressed, and the nerve sheath was widened, resulting in a small diameter ratio compared with that of controls. Patients with pallor of the temporal aspect of the optic disc appeared to exhibit dilation of the subarachnoid space; the size of the optic nerve was decreased more than that of the nerve sheath, resulting in a small diameter ratio compared with controls. Patients with complete pallor of the disc, however, exhibited hyperintense optic nerve complexes without a ring-shaped appearance toward the orbital apex. Conclusion: Fast spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging appears useful for objectively evaluating the optic nerve and surrounding subarachnoid space in patients with papilledema and optic atrophy.

At the Tritium Process Laboratory (TPL) in the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, an apparatus for the Fuel Cleanup Process was designed, fabricated and installed for the experiments with up to 1g of tritium. The function of the system is continuous processing of a simulated plasma exhaust and separation of hydrogen isotopes and impurity elements in it. Main components are, palladium diffusers, catalytic reactors, cold traps, an electrolysis cell and zirconium-cobalt beds. The apparatus was installed in a glovebox and tested with hydrogen by early 1988.

An experimental apparatus for the development of cryogenic hydrogen isotope separation system (ISS) was designed and fabricated at the Tritium Process Laboratory (TPL) in Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). This apparatus will serve to study the separation characteristics of hydrogen isotope mixture with 10/sup 4/ Ci of tritium. It consists of two distillation columns with isotopic equilibrators for H-D-T mixtures and can be operated with both single column distillation mode and two interlinked cascade modes. Installation of this system in a glovebox was completed by late January, 1988. Tests with tritium will start late 1988.

In Japan, saury has been caught by stick held dip net from September to December, in the coastal sea areas of the pacific. The process of the capture of fish with stick held dip net is divided into the following three orders according to the kinds of fishing lights. First of all, saury is gathered to around of starboard being lured by fishing lights which is equipped at starboard. Generally this light is named as gathering light and composed of 13-30 white globes of 500W. Secondly, saury is removed to port side from starboard where fish has been grouping by the action of fish light which is set at port, usually this light is called as guiding light and composed of 3-7 white globes of 500W. Last of all, saury is lured into the net setting in advance into the water with aid of light, usually this light is called as catching light and composed of 3-6 red colour globes of 500W. (These data concerning the composition of fishing lights were supplied from saury fishing boats in Chiba prefecture in 1955) The results of this study will be discribed as follows; Let C is the intensity of illumination in candle power the quantity of saury gathered to starboard is proportionate to C1/2-1/4 of gathering light. When the ratio of the candle power of guiding light to that gathering light is half and less, saury is lured most effectively to port from starboard. The most suitable numbers of catching light to make saury lure into the net is composing 5-6 and less red colour globes.

Vor langerer Zeit bereits hat Boas darauf hingewiesen, dass bei den Nachkommen der nach Amerika eingewanderten EUropaer die Kopfform und anderes sich andere, und hat damit ein Problem in der Anthropologie aufgeworfen, aber bis jetzt ist man in dieser Richtung noch nicht zu endgultigen Resultaten gelangt.KUrzlich hat nun DORNFEDT nachgewlesen, dass die Nachkommen von aus Osten nach Berlin eingewanderten Juden vom brachycephalen Typ sich von ihren Eltern sowie den in der alten Heimat geborenen Geschwistern unterscheiden und eine Neigung zum dolichocephalen und leptoprosopen Typ sowie zu grOsserer KOrperlange zeigen, womit er also die BOAS'Sche Theorie bestatigt hat.Aus den Untersuchungen der Verfassern in der Mandschurei und Mongolei geht hervor, dass bei den Mongolen ziemlich starke locale Unterschiede vorhanden sind, und dass in Gegenden wo sie mit Chinesen gemischt wohnen im Vergleich mit vOlkisch rein mongolischen Gebieten die KOrpermasse ein verhaltnissmassig deutliche Neigung zur Annaherung an die Korpermasse der Chinesen zeigen. Diese Erscheinung ist leicht zu erklaren sobald man an Blutvermischung denkt. In den Gebieten jedoch, in denen die Verfassern dieses Problem durch Befragung zu klaren suchten, war zwar eine geringe Blutvermischung niche abzuleugnen, sie war aber wider Erwarten gering.Bei den von Verfassern untersuchten Mandschuren dagegen zeigte sich auch dort, wo sie seit langer Zeit mit Chinesen gemischt wohnen, durchaus keine Neigung zur Annaherung an den chinesischen Typ. Obwohl man auch hier nicht von einer Blutvermischung sprechen kann, so ist sie doch in geringem Masse vorhanden. Eine einfache Erklarung dafur scheint darin zu liegen, dass der chinesische Typ der unterlegene, der mandschurische dagegen der uberwiegende ist.Auf diesen Ergebnissen weiterbauend wurden seit Ende des letzten Jahres Untersuchungen angestellt an Chinesen, die mit Mongolen bzw. Mandschuren gemischt wohnen, und zwar wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit uber Messungen an Chinesen in Chien-kuo-chi bzw. Wula-gai in der Provinz Kirin berichtet, wobei die festgestellten Werte mit denen der im selben Gebiete wohnenden Mongolen bzw. Mandschuren verglichen werden.Diese Untersuchungen ergaben, dass bei den in diesen Gebieten geborenen Chinesen eine deutliche Neigung zur Verschiedenheit gegenuber den in der altenHeimat geborenen Chinesen zu erkennen ist, and dass in Kopf- und Korperformen fast kein Untersied von den eingeborenen Mongolen bzw. Mandschuren festzustellen ist. Wenn man bei diesen Veranderungen den Einfluss der Blutvermischung als unwesentlich beseite lasst, so ergibt sich hier gerade die den DORNFELDTS'chen Resultaten entgegengesetzte Tatsache, dass ein verhfaltnissmassig dolichocephaler Typ bei Verpflanzung in ein Gebiet mit brachycephalen Typ selbst brachycephal wird.Im vorliegenden wird nur die Tatsache gezeigt dass sich der Typus der Leute in der Mandschurei, die sich selbst als Chinesen bezeichnen, vom Typus der Chinesen im Mutterlande deutlich unterscheidet.

In Tanabe bay, the lift net fishery has been operating to catch Anchovy, Round herring, Mackerel and Horse mackerel with two kinds of attracting fish lamps, setting on the board and under water. In 1952, the fishing ground was distributed in area 3miles×13miles, fishingboat had been numerated to 57 in there and the fishing season was from April to August. Each boat had been operating under the same conditions for this fishery. In these studies, the cause for difference of the amount of catch among each boat is investigated and the results obtained are shown as follows. Swimming area of fish, which means the parts of higher density of fish, is limited to a narrow scope 1/8 area of the around and in this area a numerous boat are operating more frequently than the others. Therefore, it is clear that the boats gained a large amount of catch have been fishing more times in this area compared with other boats. Furthermore, it is shown as the illumination power of two lamps used for this fishery is too strongly for scale of this net, many fish are gathered to out-side of net rather to inside.

Wie Verf. bereits in einer fruheren Mitteilung uber "Studien an chinesen in der Mandschurei I" berichtet haben, zeigen die Nachkommen der chinesen eine auffallende Ahnlichkeit mit den in ihrer Nahe lebenden Mongolen und Mandschuren.Man muss daher auch bei einer Einleitung der Mongolen in verschiedene Typen genau die Wohngebiete berucksichtigen und bedenken, ob sie dort unvermischt leben oder nicht.IMAMURA und SHIMA haben in ihrer 3. Mitteilung uber Studien an den Mongolen und Tungusen die Ansicht ausgesprochen, dass sich die Notwendigkeit ergebe, in Zukunft bei dem gesammelten Material einiges zusammenzufassen und anderes wieder genauer zu unterteilen, und haben die Khalkha-Mongolen nach grossen Stammen eingeteilt, die sich uber weite Gebiete ausbreiten; aus dem oben angefuhrten Grunde ist es jedoch notwendig geworden, eine verbesserte, genauere Unterteilung vorzunehmen.In der Vorliegenden Mitteilung soll eine neue Unterteilung der KhalkharMongolen in lokale Typen vorgenommen werden, wobei ausser bereits veroffentlichtem Material auch bisher noch unveroffentlichte Daten herangezogen werden, die nach dem 3. Bericht von IMAMURA und SHIMA ausgearbeitet worden sind. Gleichzeitig sollen ganz neue Ergebnisse uber die Solon und Dahur veroffentlicht werden, welche im Gebiete von Hulunpeierh mit den Mongolen zusammenleben.IMAMURA hat als Eigentumlichkeiten der Mongolen (absolut sowie auch im Durchschnitt) folgende Einzelheiten festgestellt; die Korpergrosse ist mittelmassig, der Oberarm ist verhaltnismassig lang, der Langen-Breiten-Index des Kopfes ist gross (Brachykephaler bis hyperbrachykephaler Typus), der absolute Langendurchmesser und Breitendurchmesser des Kopfes sind gross. Die Gesichthohe ist nicht besonders gross, die Breite dagegen zeigt auffallend hohe Werte.Als Ergebnis der vorliegenden Untersuchungen ist festzustellen, dass diese sog. Rasseeigentumlichkeiten der Mongolen besonders auffallig bei den Bewohnern der ausseren Mongolei, bei den verhaltnismassig unvermischt in der inneren Mongolei lebenden Silingol-Mongolen sowie auch bei den Barga and Buryat zu beobachten sind.Zur undeutlich dagegen sind diese Eigentumlichkeiten zu erkennen bei den in der inneren Mongolei lebenden Ikochao and Wulanchapu sowie bei den von Hsinganling-Gebirge nach Osten in die mandschurische Ebene herabgestiegenen Mongolen.Bezuglich der Kopfform zeigt sich beim Rassetypus der Wulanchapu und Ikochao die Neigung, sich im Langen-und Breitendurchmesser sowie im Index den Massen fur Nordchinesen anzugleichen.Am Gesicht sind Verringerungen verschiedenen Grades in der Breite zu beobachten, und es zeigen sich Ubergangsformen zu den Typen der Mandschuren, der Dahur and der Nordchinesen.Uber die Solon ausserte IMAMRA die Ansicht, dass man von einem besonderen Solon-Typus uberhaupt nicht sprechen Konne, und tatsachlich hat die Beobachtung der Zahlenwerte bei dem in der vorliegenden Arbeit aufgefuhrten Material aus dem Hulunpeierh-Gebiet, gezeigt dass kann ein Unterscied gegenuber den Mongolen besteht.Bezuglich der Dahur konnte festgestellt werden, lass die entlang des Nunchiang lebenden lokalen Typen einander sehr ahnlich sind und einen einheitlichen Dahur-Typus darstellen, wahrend die im Hulunpeierh-Gebiet lebenden Dahur den Mongolen-Typus zeigen.

The purpose of useing the lureing light in angling fishery is that not only lureing up of fish to the shallow layer where the angler is easy operated to the angling gear from deeper sea or sea bottom but also to make baiting of fish themselves is promoted by illumination light. In this studies, two angling gear types are indicated, the one is so-called tenbin, the other is for the capture of sea bream and grunt. (as showen fig. I-3). Mackerel angling in WAKAYAMA prefecture, had been carried out by two tonnage classes fishing boat; 3-7 tons class with 1.5-1.0kw candle-power lamp and over 7 tons class with 2kw. Swimming layer of mackerel was estimated as 35-50 meters in depth in there. Illumination zone of light is varied by candle power and illumination strength of about 10 lux for optimum condition of light when fish are lured up with 1.0, 1.5 and 2kw lamps was indicated 18m, 28 and 35m in depth respectively. In Western Kyushu, sea bream and grunt are angled with hand line and then are used to lureing lamps. Fishes are lured up to about 25-30 meters from the bottom of 50 meters around by lureing light and then there are illuminated as about 10 lux. Intensity of light must be increased or decreased according to the depth of fish living layer.

(1) In the human body, it there is no intermediate form among patterns, we can classify them very easily. For instance, the difference among four blood types is so eminent that we are able to classify them definitely with ease.(2) In many cases, however, the difference of patterns is quantitative, and there is no definite boundary among them. Formerly, when I investigated the colour of the head hair and iris with Koreans and Manchurians I found it so hard to classify them.(3) For the purpose of expressing the shape, we use the quantitative and attributive characters. For example, we can express the head form in the horizontal plane by the length-breadth-indices, but there are some cases in which two different head forms have the same indices. So, SERGI classified the headforms into seven types, but we have trouble in judging the form by his classification. The author thinks the measurement of the distance from cardinal points and planes of cranial-contour according to BENINGTON's method is the fittest method to describe the head form.(4) We treat with the shape of profile, forehead, nose, mouth and chin by their attributes. When we classify them, I think that the indices to express the extremly abridged form is rathermore reliable than the classified patterns.(5) When we use the words, "large ", "medium ", "small" or "pronounced ", "medium ", " slight" in degrees we must base upon the authorized standard that is common to all human beings. The subjective classification applicable only in some particular groups will be of no use for such purpose.(6) we must examine the degree of difference between patterns that vary from one another in quantity. The measuring values and indices, if they are treated with the successive numbers, represent no other than the successive patterns. Namely, in anthropometry, we are counting 5 and higher fractions as units and disregarding the rest under the unit. We classify the stature expressed by successive numbers into "large ", "medium" and "small ". And also the length-breadth-indices are classified into " dolicho-", " meso" and " brachy-cephalic ".(7) We know that one physical character is accompanied by another and not by some others. And, we can assume that they are phenomena originated from the same cause. In each physical character, we can know the most important factor by examination of their correlation and association. So we must properly choose these important characters and factors in any case of comparison of individuals or groups.

Up from the begining of this century, a universal and still growing tendency has been noticed with the stature to increase and with the dimensions or forms of head and face to gradual changes. The bodily traits presumably change under the influence of environmental factors. But they have such a close relationship to the physiological functions that the changes to be caused from environmental factors are limited to some extent, if the traits are fixed from genetical point of view.There are also found bodily changes in adults. Recently YASUZAWA reported a fact that the difference was significant between mean values of stature of adult inhabitants of Yamaguchi Prefecture and those of Hiroshima Prefecture, but it turned out to be nonsignificant when the averages are taken for the data according to age groups and compared among the same age groups restictively. In this case the age factor is more dominant than the areal factor. A similar result was obtained by HARA. IKEDA measured the inhabitants of a district in Noto Peninsula where KOYA had performed an anthropological research seveteen years before, and found that in respect to stature and cephalic index the differences between means for same age groups of IKEDA and KOYA were larger than those between the means for KOYA'S age group and for IKEDA'S, the age of which was seventeen years older than that of the former. KOHAMA also found a similar fact in Kinki district. Changes of anthropometric traits in adult life seem to have different tendencies according to different races, habitats or periods. SHIMA'S studies on Mongolians and Koreans suggest us such a fact.It is concluded from the above mentioned facts, that the bodily traits either of living or skeletal objects should be compared among same age as well as same period groups when we are to inquire into the difference of them among races or areal populations. For this reason more studies are hoped to be carried on in regard to changes in bodily traits according to ages and periods.

有機導体は、電荷・スピン密度波、スピンバイエルス、超伝導、反強磁性状態などさまざまな物性を示す。これらの物性は、外的・化学的圧力、電子格子相互作用、軌道間の相互作用などのパラメーターにより制御される。これらの物性、制御パラメーターを理論的に解明する必要がある。有機導体を構成している有機分子は、分子固有の性質を保持しており、従来のバンド、モデル計算アプローチだけでなくその性質が記述できる方法で解析することが、大切である。非経験的分子軌道法は、有機分子の固有の性質を定量的に解析することができ、分子設計にも有用な方法である。また、最近のコンピューターの発展により、巨大な分子の計算が可能となっている。彼らは、この方法を用い有機分子の性質を明らかにし、それに基づいた有効ハミルトニアンを構築した。その基底状態を平均場近似や厳密対角化（Full-CI法）を用いて求め、そのスピン相関から、物性制御パラメーターを議論した。 DCNQI-M塩（M； 金属）は、金属、置換基によりさまざまな状態をとる。Cu塩では、DCNQI分子のpπ軌道と銅のｄ軌道が混成した3次元の系であり、Ag，Li塩の場合は、1次元性が強く、多くの物質が低温でバイエルス不安定性を持ち、置換基によりCDWやスピンバイエルス状態になる。これらの物性を担う様々なDCNQI分子の中性、ア二オン両方の千ノマーの構造最適化をab initio HF/DZPレベルで行った。実験値と比較検討を行ったところ、結合距離で、0.04Å、角度で4度の誤差があった。角度の誤差が大きいのは結晶の効果を考慮していないためであり、それを除いてはよい一致を示している。置換基による構造の差異は、著しくなかった。トランスファー積分を求めるために、ダイマーの電子状態の計算を、X線構造を用いて、ab initio HF/DZPレベルで行った。(DMe-DCNQI)2CuのLUMO間（intrachain）のトランスファー積分は、0.43eVで、以前に得られた密度汎関数法によるもの（-0.25eV）よりも大きい。計算した分子の中で、DI-DCNQIのトランスファー積分（0.29eV）が最も小さく、結晶構造のc軸格子定数は最も長い。c軸格子定数とトランスファー積分の間には相関があると考えられる。サイト間の電子相関を調べるために、Boysの方法でテトラマーのab initio HF計算で得られた軌道をDCNQI分子上に局在化させ、物性に寄与すると考えられるDCNQI分子のLUMO軌道のみ考慮したテトラマー、オクタマーモデルの有効ハミルトニアンを構築した。両モデルとも、ab initio HF計算で得られた1、2電子の最近接相互作用まで考慮したモデルである。その基底状態を、厳密対角化を用いて求めた。周期境界条件下のテトラマーの基底状態は、サイト1つごとに電子が反強磁性的に並ぶ相関が強いsinglet状態であることがわかった。この結果は、Charge Orderingの相関を示しており、実験で観測されている4kFCDWの結果に一致する結果を得た。さらに、モデルをオクタマーに拡張し、反周期境界条件下で計算を行った。基底状態、及びエネルギー的に差がない励起状態間で、サイト1つごとに電子が存在するCharge Orderingの秩序が強いことが明らかになった。ただし、スピンに関する反強磁性的相関は、弱くなっている傾向がみられた。 κ-(ET)2Cu［N(CN)2］X（X； ハロゲン）塩は、ダイマーで一つのユニットを形成し、それが二次元面を形成し結晶を構成する。これらのフェルミ面は、低次元性からくる不安定性を受けづらい形をしており、超伝導転移温度（10K以上）が高い有機物超伝導体である。この物質のモノマーダイマーなどの電子状態を、非経験的分子軌道法を用いて求めた。DCNQI塩同様、軌道は分子に局在させ、物性に寄与すると考えられるET分子のHOMOだけを考慮した。ab initio HF/DZPレベルで BEDT-TTF分子の構造最適化を行い、曖昧さがある-CH2-CH2-部分以外のX線構造と比較したところ、結合距離で、0.02Å、角度で0.5度の誤差であり、かなり良い一致を示した。X線構造を用いて、BEDT-TTF分子のダイマーをHF/VDZ+ECPレベルで計算を行い、トランスファー積分などをさまざまなハロゲン（X＝Cl，Br，I）の場合求めた。室温でのダイマー内のトランスファー積分は、X＝Cl（0.280eV）比べX＝1（0.244eV）の方がかなり小さい。このことは、ダイマー化が弱いということを示唆している。実験により提案されていたκ-(ET)2Cu［N(CN)2］X（X； ハロゲン）塩に関する相図とつじつまの合う結果である。これらの計算で得られたトランスファー積分を用いた強結合近似によるフェルミ面は、実験で得られている結果と良い一致を示した。これらの計算から得られたトランスファー積分などのパラメーターを用いた拡張ハバードモデルを、平均場近似を用いて、基底状態をもとめ電子相関に関して考察した。また、ダイマーを1ユニットとみなした周期境界条件下の有限クラスター、デカマーの拡張ハバードモデルの基底状態を厳密対角化することで求めた。パラメーターは、ab initio HF/DZP+ECPレベルの計算から得られた値を用い、クーロン相互作用の役割に関して考察した。スピン相関関数を計算したところ、ダイマーをユニットとした反強磁性秩序の相関が強いことが明らかになった。これは、鹿野田らによるNMR実験で提唱されている状態と一致する。