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Background: It is well known that the changes in the expression level of LncRNA can affect the progression of tumors, which has caused a great upsurge of research in recent years. Several LncRNAs have been identified to affect a series of cancers and can promote tumor growth, migration, and invasion. In this review, we aim to clarify the pathophysiological functions of LncRNA MIR4435-2 HG in multiple tumors. Methods: By searching the literature through PubMed, this paper summarizes the relationship between MIR4435-2HG and tumor and its role in the occurrence and development of cancer and also explains the specific molecular mechanism of the effect of MIR4435-2HG on cancer. Results: MIR4435-2HG can function as an oncogene in a variety of cancers. The expression level was reported to be abnormally elevated in a series of cancers, consisting of melanoma, gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate carcinoma, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma malignant, glioma, and colorectal cancer. Moreover, MIR4435-2HG is related to the poor prognosis of a variety of cancers. MIR4435-2HG can also affect tumor proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. In addition, MIR4435-2HG can also enhance the metabolic function of myeloid dendritic cells of elite HIV-1 controllers. Conclusion: MIR4435-2HG affects the development of a variety of cancers. It can act as a clinical marker for early tumor diagnosis and affects tumor-targeted therapy.

Abstract: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a new kind of RNA with a length of over 200 nucleotides. Current frontiers revealed that lncRNAs implicate in various tumor progression, including tumorigenesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Recently discovered long non-coding RNA SETbinding factor 2 antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA SBF2-AS1), an oncogenic antisense RNA to SBF2, locates at 11p15.1 locus and is 2708 nt long. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that lncRNA SBF2-AS1 participates in the progression of the various tumor, including pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), breast cancer (BC), cervical cancer (CC), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cancer (GC), glioma, glioblastoma (GBM), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung cancer (LC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), osteosarcoma (OS), pancreatic cancer (PC), papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Therefore, we summarized the underlying mechanisms of lncRNA SBF2-AS1 in various cancers to utilize its therapeutic function in target-selective treatment modalities.

Background: FER-1 family member 4 (FER1L4), a 6.7 kb lncRNA located at 20q11.22, plays an important biological function in a variety of tumor diseases. The purpose of this review is to clarify the pathophysiological mechanism and potential biological function of FER1L4 in different tumors. Methods: By searching the relevant literature in PubMed, the specific pathophysiological mechanism of FER1L4 in different tumors was summarized. Results: LncRNA FER1L4 is one of the key factors in tumorigenesis and is abnormally down-regulated in many tumors, including osteosarcoma, lung cancer, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, endometrial cancer, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and so on. However, FER1L4 is downregulated in breast cancer, glioma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, renal clear cell carcinoma, and periodontitis, and plays a protective role in orthodontic teeth. In addition, as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene, FER1L4 affects tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. Conclusion: LncRNA FER1L4 has a good application prospect in the treatment and diagnosis of various tumors.

Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is an economically important fruit crop worldwide. Before 2010, kiwifruit viruses had not received much attention; since then, more than 20 viruses infecting kiwifruit have been discovered. Some of these viruses cause severe yellowing, mosaic, necrosis, ringspots, and other symptoms on leaves, seriously impacting yield and quality. Many of these viruses are widely distributed. This review summarizes recent research advances in the identification, genomic variation, distribution, transmission, detection, incidence, prevention, and control of kiwifruit viruses and proposes directions for future research. Using virus-tested propagation material is the most economical and effective method for controlling kiwifruit viruses.

Abstract: LncRNA MIR17HG, located at chromosome 13q31, plays an inevitable role in promoting tumor progressions, such as tumorigenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. Besides, lncRNA MIR17HG is rare due to its open reading frame (ORF), which can be translated to produce protein. By systematically retrieval, we summarized that MIR17HG is an emerging lncRNA that exhibits carcinogenically in osteosarcoma (OS), glioma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer (GC), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT). Furthermore, a high expression level of MIR17HG protein is also linked with meningioma. Additionally, MIR17HG polymorphisms in glioma, CRC, liver cancer (LC), breast cancer (BC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and multiple myeloma (MM) also have a large influence on cancer susceptibility, prognosis, and so on. Collectively, long non-coding RNA MIR17HG’s tumor-stimulative role could be a promising therapeutic target. Besides, by investigating patients’ MIR17HG single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), clinicians could also personalize the productive interventions in gene therapy or predict the diagnosis/prognosis precisely.

Monazite ((Ce, La)PO4) is one of the major types of light rare earth minerals from which the light rare earth elements cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La) are economically extracted. Flotation is extensively used to recover fine-grained monazite. Sodium oleate (NaOL) is considered as the collector with the strong collecting ability for monazite flotation. However, this study shows that its collecting ability is still limited. In this paper, a phosphonic acid, nonane-1,1-bisphosphonic acid (C9-BPA), was employed as the novel collector in place of NaOL. Flotation experiments show that even when the C9-BPA dosage is less than one-fifth of the NaOL dosage, the monazite recovery using C9-BPA as the collector is approximately 22 wt% higher than that using NaOL. The mechanism by which C9-BPA adsorbs on monazite was investigated using zeta potential, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements as well as first-principles calculations. Zeta potential measurements show a more significant decrease in the zeta potentials of monazite after the addition of C9-BPA compared to those after the addition of NaOL. For C9-BPA-treated monazite, the characteristic peaks of C9-BPA were observed in the IR and C 1s XPS spectrum, whereas for monazite treated by NaOL, no characteristic peak of NaOL was observed. Experimental results show that C9-BPA has a stronger affinity towards the monazite surface than NaOL as confirmed by the higher adsorption energy of CP-BPA on the monazite surface (‒204.22 kJ/mol) than NaOL (‒48.48 kJ/mol). This study demonstrates an extensive application value and prospect of C9-BPA in monazite flotation and helps design novel collectors with strong collecting ability for monazite flotation.

In the literature, there are no reliable thermodynamic descriptions for the Bi–Ca and Bi–Zr systems. In the present work, by means of the CALPHAD (calculation of phase diagrams) method, the thermodynamic assessments of the Bi–Ca and Bi–Zr systems were carried out based on the available data. The Gibbs energies of the liquid, bcc and hcp phases in these two binary systems were described by the substitutional solution model with the Redlich–Kister equation, and the intermetallic compounds (αBi10Ca11, βBi10Ca11, Bi3Ca5, Bi2Zr, Bi1.62Zr, BiZr, Bi2Zr3, and BiZr2 phases) were treated as stoichiometric phases. A good agreement between the calculated results and experimental data is obtained for both systems. The presently obtained thermodynamic parameters for the Bi–Ca and Bi–Zr systems are of interest for the development of Bi-based alloys.

The diffusivities along the whole diffusion path in one diffusion couple of Ni-rich fcc Ni–Al–Cu alloys at 1273, 1333 and 1433 K are obtained by means of the numerical inverse method. In total 12 diffusion couples are used to obtain the diffusivities at the intersections in the diffusion paths by the Matano–Kirkaldy method. Two sets of atomic mobilities are assessed using the CALTPP program based on the diffusivities calculated by the numerical inverse method and Matano–Kirkaldy method, respectively. The validity of the obtained atomic mobilities is confirmed by comparing the model-predicted diffusivities, concentration profiles and diffusion paths with the measured ones. The whole calculation by the numerical inverse method in CALTPP with higher efficiency can achieve the same accuracy as the Matano–Kirkaldy method. The present study demonstrates that one diffusion couple combined with the numerical inverse method can reliably assess the atomic mobilities for fcc Ni–Al–Cu alloys.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) disrupts the integrity of white matter microstructure, which affects brain functional connectivity supporting cognitive function. Although the relationship between structural and functional connectivity (SC and FC), here called SC–FC coupling, has been studied on global level in brain disorders, the long-term disruption of SC–FC coupling in mTBI at regional scale was still unclear. The current study investigated the alteration pattern of regional SC–FC coupling in 104 acute mTBI patients (41 with 6–12 months of follow-up) and 56 healthy controls (HCs). SC and FC networks were constructed to measure regional, intra-network, and inter-network SC–FC coupling. Compared with HCs, acute mTBI exhibited altered SC–FC coupling of the sensorimotor network (SMN). The coupling laterality indicators of the SMN can identify mTBI from controls. The persistent SC–FC decoupling of the SMN and the additional decoupling of the default mode network (DMN) were observed in chronic mTBI. Crucially, decoupling of the SMN and DMN predicted better cognitive outcomes. The findings revealed the SC–FC coupling alternations exhibited hierarchical trend originating from the sensorimotor cortex to high-order cognitive regions with the progression of mTBI. The regional and hierarchical SC–FC coupling may be a prognostic biomarker to provide insights into the pathophysiology mechanism of mTBI.

Background The present study was aimed to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of Scutellaria barbata flavonoids (SBFs) in promoting neurogenesis and improving memory impairment mediated by CREB phosphorylation in rats. Methods Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model was established by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta-peptide 25–35 (Aβ25−35) in combination with aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) and recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1 (RHTGF-β1) (composited Aβ) in rats. The Morris water maze was used to screen the successful AD model of rats. The screened successful AD model rats were randomly divided into three groups including a model group and two drug groups of 140 mg/kg SBFs and 0.5 mg/kg Rolipram (Positive control drug). After administration for 38 days, the Morris water maze test was used to measure the learning and memory ability of the rats. HE staining was used to observe the morphology of neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex regionsof the rats' brains. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of NeuN in the hippocampal gyrus of rats. The mRNA expression of TrkB, RSK,CREB, and BDNF and the protein expression of NeuN, TrkB, RSK, P-CREB-Ser133, and BDNF in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the rats were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting methods. Results Intracerebroventricular injection of composited Aβ induced memory impairment, impaired neurons, decreased the protein expression of NeuN in the hippocampal gyrus, increased the mRNA expression levels of TrkB, RSK and BDNF, decreased the mRNA expression level of CREB and the protein expression levels of NeuN, TrkB, RSK, P-CREB-Ser133 and BDNF in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats. However, SBFs attenuated memory impairment which was induced by composited Aβ in rats and ameliorated neuropathological changes in the brain, increased the expression of NeuN protein in the hippocampal gyrus, and regulated mRNA and protein expressions in composited Aβ treated rats. Rolipram ameliorated learning and memory disorder induced by composited Aβ, increased the protein expression of P-CREB-Ser133, increased the expression of NeuN protein in the hippocampal gyrus, promoted neurogenesis, and improved the neuropathological changes in the brain. The effect of SBFs was also similar to Rolipram. Conclusion The effect of SBFs was consistent with the positive control drug Rolipram. SBFs could promote neurogenesis and improve learning and memory impairment in AD rats, and its mechanism was mediated by CREB phosphorylation.

Over the last ten years, rapid advancements in the digital global network and digital media technology have made it easier to copy, modify, and share data, such as photographs, video, and audio, across the internet via the world wide web without losing its original quality and in very short periods of time. The protection of multimedia material ownership has been fraught with difficulties. This thesis examines the basics that the map of disparity and watermarking will employ in order to verify that online content is properly owned. To turn binary information into images, a 3D image watermarking technique is presented. When studying methods of image authentication, it is common practice to first convert the original image into smaller blocks and then embed a watermark into each individual block. This is followed by the application of a modification idea to the blocks in order to identify the watermark. In this research, we present a new architecture for DWT-DCT –based digital watermarking systems for images. The technique prevents unauthorized use of digital images by embedding a stealthy watermark into each one. In order to create a picture with a watermark, the original image is first divided into blocks using a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), then the watermark is changed and a pseudo–random sequence is generated using Arnold scrambling. Image segmentation, the discrete Fourier transform, and relativity processes all contribute to watermark identification. The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT ) technique is used to increase the security of a watermarking algorithm based on image segmentation. The watermark detector is used to detect the watermark. In order to not affect the bit rate, use the choice matrix to extract the picture from the left or right –aligned image. It can be achieved through two unique additions to the detection process, Reverse rendering, and the CRC method. The described technique of reverse returning reduces the decision matrix to a smaller map of disparities. The left picture can be restored to the right image using this disparity reduction. A CRC control is used to identify the image, which detects faults in the message extracted and lowers errors in recognizing the picture (left or right). Moreover, for the simulation’s purpose, MATLAB will be used. The proposed approach is validated using different scenarios and variations in parameters using statistical analysis.

Figure S1: The major alkaloids in SZ-A determined using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS); Figure S2: Correlation analysis between samples based on gene expression; File S1: The differential expression genes (DEGs) in the comparisons of Con vs. Nor, SZ-A 100 mg/kg vs. Con, and SZ-A 200 mg/kg vs. Con, respectively. Nor, healthy control group; Con, diabetic control group.

In the fight against climate change, future policy directions in the transition toward a green travel- and tourism-based economy include improving tourism-derived CO2 emission levels and guiding individual low-carbon behavior. In China, people tend to engage in outdoor adventure travel and cultural tourism in natural areas. However, limited information is available on the empirical evaluation of energy use and the CO2 emissions associated with tourism in protected areas. The present study used a life cycle assessment to explore energy use and CO2 emissions due to tourism and identify the factors driving low-carbon behavior. To these ends, survey data for the protected areas of the Qinling Mountains from 2014 to 2019 were used. The results showed that energy use and CO2 emissions in various tourism sectors steadily increased from 2014 to 2019, primarily because of an increase in transportation activity. This study used data derived from the calculation of CO2 emissions per tourist per trip to identify the various factors jointly contributing to the low-carbon behavior of tourists. These included a low-carbon attitude, low-carbon knowledge, environmental education, and policy reward. The broader implications of this study are that several emission reduction policy options are available to address the challenges inherent in sustainable tourism development and that these policies may be selected according to specific conditions. The low-carbon transformation of recreational facilities at travel destinations, policy rewards, and environmental education can regulate tourist behavior, holding the key to sustainable tourism development in protected areas.

Introduction. Uterine subinvolution, especially the subinvolution of the placental site, can be a life-threatening disease that induces secondary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Chinese Herbal Medicine has been widely used to improve postpartum recovery and treat uterine subinvolution for thousands of years. Yet, there are many potential laws hidden that are worth exploring. Methods. Prescriptions treating uterine subinvolution were searched and collected to form datasets. Data mining methods including frequency analysis, cluster analysis, and association rule learning were performed to uncover the potent prescription laws of uterine subinvolution treatment. Results. A total of 803 formulae involving 249 herbs were obtained. The top 6 most frequently used herbs were Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), Leonuri Herba (Yimucao), Persicae Semen (Taoren), Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum (Paojiang), and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Zhigancao). Most of the 249 herbs were being warm in properties, sweet in tastes, and mainly distributed to liver and spleen meridian tropisms. Deficiency-tonifying herbs accounted for the most proportion and heat-clearing herbs ranked the second, followed by blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herbs. 6 clusters were generated by hierarchical clustering, and 5 of them were of clinical significance. 78 rules with support values over 0.25, confidence values over 0.8, and lift values greater than 1 were generated by association rule learning. Conclusion. The basic principles for uterine subinvolution treatment were deficiency-tonifying, heat-clearing, blood-activating, and stasis-eliminating. Herbs with warm properties, sweet tastes, and liver and spleen meridian tropisms are generally suitable. In addition, Sheng-Hua-Tang was the most frequently used formula for the treatment of uterine subinvolution, yet the dialectical prescriptions were diversified with different patterns/symptoms.

In the ruthenium CMP process, the removal rate of ruthenium can be effectively improved by adding EDA and H2O2into SiO2-based slurries.

In the present work a new thermal conductivity model is developed for two-phase composite materials, which are consisted of a continuous matrix and dispersed 3D-particles separated from each other by the matrix as a function of grain size and volume ratio of the dispersed particles at different temperatures. The model is applied to reproduce experimental thermal conductivity values of cemented carbide systems WC-Co and WC-Ag. Good agreement was found between measured thermal conductivity data originating from both this work and recent literature and the calculated ones only using semi-empirical parameters for the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) values at WC/Co, WC/Ag and WC/WC interfaces as a function of temperature. Additionally, the temperature and grain size dependence of the thermal conductivity for WC is established for the first time. The model works well for the case when the matrix (Ag) has a higher thermal conductivity compared to that of the WC particles and also for the case when the matrix (Co) has a lower thermal conductivity compared to that of the WC particles. The new model forms a physically sound basis for further development / materials design of cemented carbides and particle-reinforced composite materials.