417 results on '"Youssef, Khaled"'
Search Results
202. Roll Stabilization by Passive Anti-Roll Tanks Using an Improved Model of the Tank-Liquid Motion
- Author
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Youssef, Khaled S., primary, Mook, Dean T., additional, Nayfeh, Ali H., additional, and Ragab, Saad A., additional
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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203. A Nonlinear 8-DOF Coupled Crane-Ship Dynamic Model
- Author
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Idres, Moumen, primary, Youssef, Khaled, additional, Mook, Dean, additional, and Nayfeh, Ali, additional
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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204. Optofluidic device for light-sheet fluorescence microscopy of C. elegans with a conventional wide-field microscope.
- Author
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Behrouzi, Mehran, Rahimpouresfahani, Faraz, Youssef, Khaled, Rezai, Pouya, and Tabatabaei, Nima
- Published
- 2021
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205. Design of passive anti-roll tanks for roll stabilization in the nonlinear range
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Youssef, Khaled S, primary, Ragab, Saad A, additional, Nayfeh, Ali H, additional, and Mook, Dean T, additional
- Published
- 2002
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206. Computational aspects of trailing vortices
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Ragab, Saad A., primary and Youssef, Khaled S., additional
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- 1997
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207. Optofluidic device for light-sheet fluorescence microscopy of C. elegans with a conventional wide-field microscope
- Author
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Tarnok, Attila, Houston, Jessica P., Leary, James F., Behrouzi, Mehran, Rahimpouresfahani, Faraz, Youssef, Khaled, Rezai, Pouya, and Tabatabaei, Nima
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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208. Crack Propagation in Large Diameter PV Silicon
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Kulshreshtha, Prashant K., Witting, Ian T., Youssef, Khaled, Good, Ethan, and Rozgonyi, George
- Abstract
We report on crack propagation in CZ silicon wafers grown for photovoltaic (PV) applications at faster growth rates than those typical for 200 mm diameter ingots. Enhanced thermal gradients and point defect/impurity distributions associated with rapid growth produces large localized stresses in the wafer core which impacts the direction of propagating cracks. The stress modified crack behavior deviates considerably from the energetically favorable Si[110]/(111) systems enabling scenarios that behave like a ductile fracture following a radial path. Minority carrier lifetime mapping and microscopic etch pit measurements confirmed the presence of a series of radial oxygen precipitate (OP) rings, which impact the energy transfer process at the expanding crack-tip, thereby modifying the crack stress path. Raman spectroscopy was used to quantify the local stresses due to radial oxygen precipitate variations, whereas TEM studies confirmed the presence of OP's, their influence on defect generation and probable role on crack path deviation.
- Published
- 2011
209. Amorphization during Fracture of Thin Photovoltaic Silicon Wafers
- Author
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Youssef, Khaled, Kulshreshtha, Prashant K., and Rozgonyi, George
- Abstract
Nanoindentation was used to stimulate and measure materials processes which occur during the initiation and propagation of micro-crack defects in monocrystalline (100) Si wafers. Silicon amorphization occurs and is accompanied by a monotonic drop in hardness and elastic modulus as the nanoindents approach the micro-crack shank or tip. Identification and profiling of localized phase transitions were obtained in the vicinity of a micro-crack using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and Raman spectroscopy and indicate that regions of amorphous Si extend for about 10 um at the edges and ahead of a moving crack tip.
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- 2010
210. In-Situ Electrical Measurements of Thin Photovoltaic Silicon Wafers during Nanoindentation
- Author
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Kulshreshtha, Prashant K., Youssef, Khaled, Rozgonyi, George, Stromberg, Ryan J., and Nay, Richard
- Abstract
In this study, we have used a single nanoindentation probe to simultaneously examine the deformation behavior and electrical properties of both mono- and multi-crystalline PV silicon. During nanoindentation loading and unloading cycles, various pressure induced phase transformations occur both under and in the vicinity of the indentation tip. These phase transformations can be monitored in-situ via signature "pop-in" and "pop-out" events that occur in both electrical I-V and physical indent displacement curves. These events are a function of the Si chemistry, structure, and orientation, which we have examined via simultaneous measurements through a conductive nanoprobe, along with complementary spectroscopic Raman analysis.
- Published
- 2010
211. Semi-mobile C. elegans electrotaxis assay for movement screening and neural monitoring of Parkinson's disease models.
- Author
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Youssef, Khaled, Archonta, Daphne, Kubiseski, Terrance J., Tandon, Anurag, and Rezai, Pouya
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CAENORHABDITIS elegans , *PARKINSON'S disease , *DOPAMINERGIC neurons , *NEUROBEHAVIORAL disorders , *MICROFLUIDIC devices , *SENSORY neurons - Abstract
• Microchip shows semi-mobile C. elegans respond to electric field (electrotaxis). • Electrotaxis of tail-trapped worms is towards the cathode with head. • Electrotaxis of head-trapped worms is also towards the cathode with tail. • 6-OHDA affects the electrotaxis of semi-mobile Parkinson disease (PD) model worms. • L-dopa treatment rescues both neurodegeneration and electrotaxis in PD worms. Microfluidic-based electrotaxis assay is a quantitative movement phenotyping technique for behavioral studies on Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans which is currently space-consuming and limited for cell imaging. To address these limitations and show applications in Parkinson's Disease (PD) studies, we introduce a novel microfluidic device to investigate the electrotaxis of semi-mobile C. elegans and image them immediately after the behavioral assay. The device consisted of an electrotaxis screening channel integrated with a perpendicular tapered microchannel that was used for worm tail or head trapping for electrotaxis screening and full-body immobilization for neuron imaging. Semi-mobile C. elegans with trapped tails demonstrated electrotaxis orientation towards the cathode. Interestingly, the response of head-trapped worms was also with the tail towards the cathode, implying the involvement of the mid-body to tail sensory neurons in electrotaxis. Moreover, semi-mobile C. elegans electrotaxis assay time is 3-folds shorter and 20-folds less space-consuming, compared to our freely moving assay. This makes the technique amenable to parallelization for the design of multi-worm electrotaxis and neuronal screening devices. For biological application to PD studies, we showed that human α-synuclein protein accumulation or exposure to neurotoxin 6-OHDA affected the electrotaxis phenotypes of semi-mobile worms. Moreover, L-DOPA rescued the electrotaxis of 6-OHDA exposed worms. The above behavioral effects of 6-OHDA and L-DOPA corresponded well with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and rescue of dopamine transmission, confirmed by on-chip fluorescent imaging. Our technique can be used for PD pathology studies and potentially for other neurobehavioral disorders modeled in C. elegans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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212. Reconfigurable fully constrained cable driven parallel mechanism for avoiding interference between cables.
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Youssef, Khaled and Otis, Martin J.-D.
- Subjects
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SHARED workspaces , *PARALLEL algorithms - Abstract
• Collision avoidance algorithm for a cable-driven parallel mechanism is suggested. • The desired trajectory is preserved while avoiding collisions between the cables. • The direct kinematics resolution considers a linear displacement of the reels. • An optimization of the linear displacement is considered in the problem resolution. Cable driven parallel mechanisms (CDPMs) have attracted much attention due to their many advantages over conventional parallel mechanisms, such as the significantly large workspace and the dynamics capacity. One of the main issues involved in designing CDPMs is avoiding cable-cable collision, especially when an operator is sharing the same workspace with the moving parts of the mechanism. This paper aims to model and simulate a reconfigurable fully constrained CDPM and solve the forward and inverse kinematics given that the attachment points on the rails move up and down in real time, unlike conventional CDPMs where the attachment points are firmly fixed on specific positions on the rails. The new idea of reconfiguration is then used to avoid interference between two cables in real time by moving one cable's attachment point on the frame to increase the shortest distance between them while keeping the trajectory of the end effector unchanged. This new approach was tested by creating a simulated intended cable interference trajectory, hence detecting and avoiding cable collision using the proposed real time reconfiguration while maintaining the end effector trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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213. Influence of dietary chitosan-oligosaccharides supplementation on productive and reproductive performance of laying hens.
- Author
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Youssef, Islam M., Khalil, Hassan A., Swelum, Ayman A., Al Garadi, Maged A., Balasubramanian, Balamuralikrishnan, Hassan, Magdy S., Abd El Halim, Haiam S., Abd El-Hack, Mohamed E., Youssef, Khaled M., and Abo-Samra, Maher A.
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HENS , *HATCHABILITY of eggs , *DIETARY supplements , *OVARIAN follicle , *CHITOSAN , *CHICKENS , *ECONOMIC efficiency - Abstract
This experiment aimed to ascertain whether adding chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) to the diet will affect Mandarah laying hens' productivity and reproductive efficiency. At the age of 34 weeks, 120 laying hens and 12 cocks of the Mandarah chicken strain were separated into four groups, each consisting of 30 hens and three cocks. The 1st group served as a control group, receiving only a basic diet. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th experimental groups received 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg of chitosan-oligosaccharides as an addition to the base diet, respectively. According to the findings of this study, the majority of the analyzed attributes differed significantly between treatment groups. Comparing the COS-treated birds to the control birds, the COS-treated birds significantly increased egg production, improved feed conversion, Haugh unit score, shell thickness, fertility, hatchability, ovary weight, and the number of yellow ovarian follicles as well as blood estradiol-17β (E2) and testosterone concentrations. Furthermore, compared to the other treated groups, introducing COS at a level of 0.1 g/kg diet resulted in the best laying rate, egg mass, and feed conversion. The highest percentage of fertility, hatchability of hatching eggs, ovary weight, number of yellow ovarian follicles, and serum E2 concentration was also found in birds fed COS at a dose of 0.2 g/kg feed. In addition, compared to the control diet, COS treatment at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg enhanced relative economic efficiency by 464.43, 457.41, and 352.75%, respectively. It is concluded that chitosan improves economic efficiency, reproductive performance, productivity in laying hens, and overall health when used at 0.1 g/kg diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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214. Optimization of the Consolidation Parameters for Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Gr-Bi 2 Te 2.55 Se 0.45 Nanocomposites.
- Author
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El-Makaty, Farah, Hamouda, Abdel Magid, Abutaha, Anas, and Youssef, Khaled
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THERMOELECTRIC materials , *BISMUTH alloys , *BISMUTH telluride , *HOT pressing , *THERMOELECTRIC effects , *BISMUTH - Abstract
Hot pressing represents a promising consolidation technique for ball-milled bismuth telluride alloys, yet deep investigations are needed to understand its effect on the thermoelectric properties. This paper studies the effect of hot-pressing parameters (temperature and pressure) on the thermoelectric properties of the n-type Gr-Bi2Te2.55Se0.45 nanocomposite. Ultra-high pressure, up to 1.5 GPa, is considered for the first time for consolidating Bi2(Te,Se)3 alloys. Results from this study show that increasing the temperature leads to changes in chemical composition and causes noticeable grain growth. On the contrary, increasing pressure mainly causes improvements in densification. Overall, increments in these two parameters improve the ZT values, with the temperature parameter having a higher influence. The highest ZT of 0.69 at 160 °C was obtained for the sample hot-pressed at 350 °C and 1 GPa for 5 min, which is indeed an excellent and competitive value when compared with results reported for this n-type Bi2Te2.55Se0.45 composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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215. Novel surface-treatment for bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration to reduce the heavy metals leachability for a sustainable environment.
- Author
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Al-Ejji, Maryam, Hassan, Mohammad K., Youssef, Khaled, Elmakaty, Farah, Mehanna, Hanin, Sliem, Mostafa, and Irshidat, Mohammad
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MUNICIPAL solid waste incinerator residues , *INCINERATION , *SOLID waste , *COPPER , *MOLECULAR weights , *TRACE elements in water , *SUSTAINABLE construction , *HEAVY metals - Abstract
Unconventional treatments can provide a modification to convert ash waste into valuable materials that can be used in various applications. This study focuses on bottom ash (BA) collected from a local incineration plant and characterizes its chemical composition before and after pretreatment by coating with polymers. The toxicity-characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was used to identify selected heavy metal leaching after treatment with vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) of different molecular weights. BA coatings were incorporated in two ratios, 0.5% and 1%, by milling to avoid heavy metal leaching. The results showed that all the coating batches had reduced concentrations of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), whereas the concentrations of chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) showed higher amounts of BAV34 (0.5%) and BAV25 (1%). The treated BA with GP demonstrated percentages of reduction of 70%, 65%, 80%, 75%, 90%, and 80% for Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Cd, respectively. The milling procedure reduced the particle size of the coated ash. Hydrophobicity was observed in all coating batches compared to untreated BA. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed variations between BA and treated BA, which confirmed that PDMS caused surface modification. These features have potential significance for extending the use of coated ash as a sustainable material for construction applications. • The leachability of heavy metal was investigated by Toxicity-characteristic leaching procedures (TCLP). • Coating by PDMS, and milling methods are a potential pretreatment for BA. • Surface modification impacted the hydrophobicity and the leachability of heavy metal. • The best coated formulation was indicated with GP and BV25 (1%) coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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216. Rational synthesis of ternary PtIrNi nanocrystals with enhanced poisoning tolerance for electrochemical ethanol oxidation.
- Author
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Ahmad, Yahia H., Mohamed, Assem T., Youssef, Khaled M., Kundu, Subhajit, Mkhoyan, K. Andre, and Al-Qaradawi, Siham Y.
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NANOCRYSTALS , *ALCOHOL , *ETHANOL , *OXIDATION , *VITAMIN C , *ELECTROLYTIC oxidation - Abstract
The development of highly efficient and durable anode materials for ethanol electro-oxidation remains a challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of Pt 1−x−y Ir x Ni y nanocrystals via one-step procedure by ultrasonic-assisted co-reduction of the metal precursors using ascorbic acid as a mild reducing agent and pluronic F127 as a structure directing agent. The catalytic performance of this ternary catalyst towards electrochemical oxidation of ethanol was examined and compared to its mono and binary Pt counterparts (Pt, Pt 1−x Ir x , and Pt 1−y Ni y) that are synthesized by the same method. TEM analysis showed a porous nanodendritic structure for the synthesized ternary electrocatalyst with an average size of 20 ± 1 nm. The electrochemical measurements revealed an electrochemically active surface area, ECSA, of 73 m2 g−1. The as-synthesized ternary electrocatalyst showed an improved catalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation in 1 M KOH with a measured mass activity of 3.8 A mg−1 which is 1.7, 2.0, and 3.2 times higher than that of Pt 1−x Ir x , Pt 1−y Ni y , and Pt, respectively. Additionally, the Pt 1−x−y Ir x Ni y nanocrystals expressed high poisoning tolerance (j f / j b = 4.5) and high durability compared to its mono and binary counterparts. Unlabelled Image • Pt 1-x-y Ir x Ni y nanocrystals were synthesized using one-step approach at room temperature. • The as-synthesized ternary electrocatalyst expressed porous nanodendritic morphology. • The ethanol electro-oxidation performance of Pt 1-x-y Ir x Ni y towards is superior compared to mono and binary counterparts. • Ternary Pt 1-x-y Ir x Ni y nanocrystals displayed outstanding poisoning tolerance and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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217. Technological characteristics and selected bioactive compounds of Opuntia dillenii cactus fruit juice following the impact of pulsed electric field pre-treatment.
- Author
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Moussa-Ayoub, Tamer E., Jaeger, Henry, Youssef, Khaled, Knorr, Dietrich, El-Samahy, Salah, Kroh, Lothar W., and Rohn, Sascha
- Subjects
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OPUNTIA , *BIOACTIVE compounds , *FRUIT juices , *ELECTRIC fields , *MICROWAVE heating , *PHENOLS - Abstract
Selected technological characteristics and bioactive compounds of juice pressed directly from the mash of whole Opuntia dillenii cactus fruits have been investigated. The impact of pulsed electric fields (PEF) for a non-thermal disintegration on the important juice characteristics has been evaluated in comparison to microwave heating and use of pectinases. Results showed that the cactus juice exhibited desirable technological characteristics. Besides, it also contained a high amount of phenolic compounds being the major contributors to the overall antioxidant activity of juice. HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS n measurements in the fruits’ peel and pulp showed that isorhamnetin 3- O -rutinoside was determined as the single flavonol found only in the fruit’s peel. Treating fruit mash with a moderate electric field strength increased juice yield and improved juice characteristics. Promisingly, the highest release of isorhamnetin 3- O -rutinoside from fruit’s peel into juice was maximally achieved by PEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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218. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Nanocrystalline Zinc by Pulsed-Current Electrodeposition
- Author
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Youssef, Khaled Mohamed Saber Abdel-Hamid
- Subjects
- Thermal stability, Hardness, Corrosion, Pulse electrodeposition, Zinc, Nanocrystalline
- Abstract
Square-wave cathodic current electrodeposition was used to produce for the first time nanocrystalline zinc electrodeposits from both zinc chloride and zinc sulfate-based electrolytes. The influence of pulse electrodeposition parameters, namely, pulse on-time, pulse off-time, and peak current density on the grain size, surface morphology, and preferred orientation of zinc deposits was determined. Furthermore, the effect of polyacrylamide (PAA) and thiourea additions was also investigated. The microstructure and surface morphology of the zinc electrodeposits were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). X-ray diffraction was used to determine the preferred orientation of these deposits. In zinc chloride-based bath, nanocrystalline zinc deposits with average grain sizes ranging from 50 to 95 nm were produced. The optimized concentrations of PAA and thiourea in the bath that yield the finest grain sizes were 0.7 and 0.05 g/L, respectively. Increasing current on-time in the range of 0.1 to 7 ms resulted in grain refinement which was attributed to increased overpotential. Increasing the current off-time in the range of 9 to 50 ms was found to yield grain growth which was explained by the decrease of the overpotential and by the fact that longer off-times allow zinc adatoms to migrate over the crystal surface and enhance the grain-growth process. Grain refinement was also observed by increasing peak current density, as expected, and 50-nm zinc grains were obtained at a peak current density of 1000 mA/cm2. In zinc sulfate-based electrolyte, the grain size of zinc deposits decreased gradually with increasing current on-time at constant current off-time and peak current density. An increase in the current off-time at constant current on-time and peak current density resulted in grain growth. A progressive decrease of the grain size was observed with increasing peak current density at constant current on-time and off-time. Nanocrystalline zinc with an average grain size of 38 nm was obtained at current on-time of 7 ms, current off-time of 9 ms, and at peak current density of 1200 mA/cm2. The crystallographic orientations developed were correlated to the change in the cathodic overpotential, the angle between the preferred oriented plane and basal (0002) plane, and the pulse electrodeposition parameters. The hardness of nanocrystalline zinc deposits increases from 5 to 8 times higher than that of pure polycrystalline zinc (0.29 GPa). This high hardness was correlated with the presence of additives, strong prismatic texture (11 0) , and the internal lattice strain. Calorimetric investigations of the as-electrodeposited samples using DSC show two exothermic peaks. The first peak, with an onset temperature of 377 K and peak temperature of 429 K, was attributed to the release of internal lattice strain. Abnormal grain growth was observed by the AFM and the second peak from the DSC scan, which begins at 576 K with a peak temperature of 608 K. The abnormal grain growth may be linked with the segregated sulfur at grain boundaries and interfaces. Potentiodynamic and alternating current impedance testing of nanocrystalline zinc deposits show that the corrosion current density of nanocrystalline zinc was about 60% lower than that of electrogalvanized (EG) steel, 90 mA/cm2 and 229 mA/cm2, respectively. The surface morphology of corroded nanocrystalline zinc was characterized by discrete etch pits; however, uniform corrosion was obtained after potentiodynamic polarization of EG steel. The passive film formed on the nanocrystalline zinc surface seems to be a dominating factor for the corrosion behavior observed.
- Published
- 2004
219. Numerical Investigation of the Wake of a Rectangular Wing
- Author
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Youssef, Khaled Saad II
- Subjects
- Wake of a rectangular wing, Trailing vortex, q-vortex, Large eddy simulation, Temporal simulation, spatial simulation
- Abstract
Wakes of lifting bodies contain vortex sheets that roll up into strong streamwise vortices. The long time behavior of such vortices depends on the turbulence in the wake and the stability characteristics of the vortices themselves. In the near wake of a rectangular wing the flow field consists of a spiraling wake that winds around a pair of vortex cores. The study of the turbulence structure and life of wing tip vortices is of great importance to air traffic control in congested airports. In this dissertation a computer code is developed for the temporal as well as spatial simulations of trailing vortices. A sixth-order compact finite-difference method is used in the cross plane. The streamwise derivatives are represented either by a Fourier series for temporal simulations (periodic flow) or by a sixth-order compact scheme for spatial simulations. The time marching scheme is a third-order Runge-Kutta method. The code is used to study the nonlinear development of temporal helical instability waves in a trailing vortex. Contours of a passive scalar are used to study the entrainment process that redistributes angular and axial momenta between the core and its surroundings. Such a process leads to quenching of the instability waves in the vortex core. The code is also used to predict the spatial development of mean flow in the wake of a rectangular wing. New treatment of the outflow boundary condition on the pressure is formulated so that a strong streamwise vortex can exit the computational domain without distortion. Temporal large-eddy simulation (LES) is performed to study the development of large scale structures in the wake and their interaction with the tip vortex. A modified MacCormack scheme developed by Gottlieb and Turkel(1976) has been used to solve the LES equations. A model of the initial conditions in the near wake of a rectangular wing is devised to investigate mechanisms of turbulence production in the spiral wake around the core of a tip vortex. The model consists of a streamwise vortex sheet whose strength is found from Prandtl lifting line theory. A Gaussian streamwise velocity profile is superimposed on the field of the vortex sheet. This profile represents the spanwise vorticity. The integrated spanwise vorticity of this profile is zero. A novel feature of this study is that the mean flow contains both streamwise and spanwise vorticity. The model is then used to initialize the flow field for temporal LES of the instabilities of the spanwise vorticity during roll up. The results show that the sinuous mode prevails in the spiral wake around the core. The strength and streamwise length scale of the instability vary along the span because of the continuous variation of the wake thickness due to stretching by the tip vortex. The large scale structures produced by the instability of the spiral wake cause the formation of undulations on the core - consistent with the hypothesis of Devenport et al. (1996).
- Published
- 1998
220. Analysis and Optimization of a Combined Make-to-Stock and Make-to-Order Multiproduct Manufacturing System
- Author
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Hadj Youssef, Khaled, van Delft, Christian, and Dallery, Yves
- Abstract
We consider a single-stage multiproduct manufacturing facility producing several end-products for delivery to customers with a required customer lead-time. The end-products can be split in two classes: few products with high volume demands and a large number of products with low-volume demands. In order to reduce inventory costs, it seems efficient to produce the high-volume products according to an MTS policy and the low volume products according to an MTO policy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the impact of the scheduling policy on the overall inventory costs, under customer lead-time service level constraints. We consider two policies: the classical FIFO policy and a priority policy (PR) which gives priority to low volume products over high volume products. We show that for some range of parameters, the PR rule can significantly outperform the FIFO rule. In these ranges, the service level constraints are satisfied by the PR rule with much lower inventory costs.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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221. PdO and PtO loaded WS2 boosts NO2 gas sensing characteristics at room temperature.
- Author
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Alagh, Aanchal, Annanouch, Fatima Ezahra, Youssef, Khaled Al, Bittencourt, Carla, Güell, Frank, Martínez-Alanis, Paulina R., Reguant, Marc, and Llobet, Eduard
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DEBYE temperatures , *CHEMICAL vapor deposition , *TUNGSTEN trioxide , *PALLADIUM oxides , *TUNGSTEN oxides , *GAS detectors - Abstract
In this work tungsten disulphide nanostructures loaded with platinum-oxide (PtO), or palladium-oxide (PdO) were grown directly onto alumina substrates. This was achieved using a combination of aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AA-CVD) method with atmospheric pressure CVD technique. At first, tungsten oxide nanowires loaded with either PtO or PdO nanoparticles were successfully co-deposited via AA-CVD followed by sulfurization at 900 °C in the next step. The morphological, structural, and chemical characteristics were investigated using FESEM, TEM, XRD, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. The results confirm the presence of PdO and PtO in the WS 2 host matrix. Gas sensing attributes of loaded and pristine WS 2 sensors were investigated, at room temperature, towards different analytes (NO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 etc.). Both pristine and metal-oxide loaded WS 2 gas sensors show remarkable responses at room temperature towards NO 2 detection. Further, the loaded sensors demonstrated stable, reproducible, ultrasensitive, and enhanced gas sensing response, with a detection limit below 25 ppb. Additionally, the effect of ambient humidity on the sensing response of both loaded and pristine sensors was investigated for NO 2 gas. The response of PtO loaded sensor considerably decreased in humid environments, while the response for pristine and PdO loaded sensors increased. However, slightly heating (at 100 °C) the sensors, suppresses the influence of humidity. Finally, the long-term stability of different sensors is investigated, and the results demonstrate high stability with repeatable results after 6 weeks of gas sensing tests. This work exploits an attractive pathway to add functionality in the transition metal dichalcogenide host matrix. • Tungsten disulphide nanostructures loaded PtO, or PdO were successfully grown by coupling AACVD and CVD methods. • The fabricated sensors were investigated thoroughly towards NO2, NH3, H2S, H2 and CO at room temperature. • Loaded sensors demonstrated ultrasensitive and enhanced NO2 gas sensing responses, with a detection limit below 25 ppb. • The fabricated sensors showed high stability with repeatable results after 6 weeks of gas sensing tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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222. Non-Invasive Data Acquisition and IoT Solution for Human Vital Signs Monitoring: Applications, Limitations and Future Prospects.
- Author
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Salem, Mahmoud, Elkaseer, Ahmed, El-Maddah, Islam A. M., Youssef, Khaled Y., Scholz, Steffen G., and Mohamed, Hoda K.
- Subjects
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ACQUISITION of data , *VITAL signs , *DATA acquisition systems , *INTERNET of things , *ENERGY management , *DEEP learning - Abstract
The rapid development of technology has brought about a revolution in healthcare stimulating a wide range of smart and autonomous applications in homes, clinics, surgeries and hospitals. Smart healthcare opens the opportunity for a qualitative advance in the relations between healthcare providers and end-users for the provision of healthcare such as enabling doctors to diagnose remotely while optimizing the accuracy of the diagnosis and maximizing the benefits of treatment by enabling close patient monitoring. This paper presents a comprehensive review of non-invasive vital data acquisition and the Internet of Things in healthcare informatics and thus reports the challenges in healthcare informatics and suggests future work that would lead to solutions to address the open challenges in IoT and non-invasive vital data acquisition. In particular, the conducted review has revealed that there has been a daunting challenge in the development of multi-frequency vital IoT systems, and addressing this issue will help enable the vital IoT node to be reachable by the broker in multiple area ranges. Furthermore, the utilization of multi-camera systems has proven its high potential to increase the accuracy of vital data acquisition, but the implementation of such systems has not been fully developed with unfilled gaps to be bridged. Moreover, the application of deep learning to the real-time analysis of vital data on the node/edge side will enable optimal, instant offline decision making. Finally, the synergistic integration of reliable power management and energy harvesting systems into non-invasive data acquisition has been omitted so far, and the successful implementation of such systems will lead to a smart, robust, sustainable and self-powered healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
223. Influence of using synbiotics by various routes on Mandarah male chicks: intestinal bacterial counts, gut morphology and histological status.
- Author
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Youssef, Islam M., Elsherbeni, Ahmed I., Almuraee, Areej A., Nass, Nada M., Beyari, Eman A., Alshammarii, Naheda M., Abdel-Ghany, Ahmed M., Ahmed, El- Sayed G., Nasr, Samia, Youssef, Khaled M., Salem, Heba M., Abd El-Hack, Mohamed E., and Saber, Hamada S.
- Subjects
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SYNBIOTICS , *CHICKS , *DRINKING water , *LACTIC acid bacteria , *MORPHOLOGY , *INTESTINES - Abstract
This experiment investigated the influence of different synbiotic processing methods on the intestinal bacterial count, morphology and histological status of developed male Mandarah chicks. Two hundred and ten male Mandarah line chicks aged 1 d were randomized to receive one of 7 chicks. The method and dose for 1-time synbiotics administration to the day-old chicks were as follows: G1: chicks on basal diet received no treatment (control); G2: 0.25 mL synbiotics sprayed; G3: 0.50 mL synbiotics sprayed; G4: 0.25 mL of synbiotics are added to drinking water; G5: 0.50 mL of synbiotics are added to drinking water; G6: 0.25 mL of synbiotics dripped into the mouth; and G7: 0.50 mL of synbiotics dripped into mouth drops. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were significantly increased (P<0.0001) compared to the control group and other treated groups and had the maximum values after the use of synbiotics via drinking water (0.25 or 0.50 mL). Furthermore, when comparing the treated birds (G4, G5) with the control birds, the Escherichia coli concentration in the drinking water containing synbiotics was significantly lower. In addition, treated chickens at (G7) showed a higher duodenum, ileum villus height (VH) , and VH. - Ileum crypt depth (CD) ratio compared to other groups. In addition, birds treated with 0.50 mL of synbiotics in drinking water (G5) performed better in duodenum, ileum, CD and VH. - CD ratio than the other groups. Meanwhile, intestinal tract length and visceral pH did not differ significantly between groups. It can be concluded that the use of 0.25 mL of synbiotics in drinking water can improve the overall health of birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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224. Studies on thermal stability, mechanical and electrical properties of nano crystalline Cu99.5Zr0.5 alloy
- Author
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Roy, Debdas, Atwater, Mark A., Youssef, Khaled, Ledford, John Christopher, Scattergood, Ronald O., and Koch, Carl C.
- Subjects
- *
THERMAL properties , *ELECTRIC properties , *NANOCRYSTALS , *COPPER alloys , *BALL mills , *CHEMICAL synthesis , *MICROSTRUCTURE - Abstract
Abstract: Cryogenic high energy ball milling was used to synthesize nanocrystalline Cu and Cu99.5Zr0.5 alloys by mechanical alloying and consolidation by hot pressing at 550°C temperature. The grain size stability of nanocrystalline Cu is improved by the Zr addition. Microstructural characterization using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy provided evidence for the formation of a Cu–Zr alloy solid solution with nanocrystalline size after hot pressing. The alloy exhibited a higher hardness (3.31GPa), and shear strength (550MPa) than nano-crystalline pure Cu however, the electrical resistivity is increased in the alloy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
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225. Nanostructured materials by mechanical alloying: new results on property enhancement.
- Author
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Koch, Carl C., Scattergood, Ronald O., Youssef, Khaled M., Chan, Ethan, and Zhu, Yuntian T.
- Subjects
- *
MECHANICAL alloying , *MECHANICAL chemistry , *THERMOELECTRIC materials , *NANOCRYSTALS , *THERMOELECTRICITY , *BULK solids , *DUCTILITY , *METALS - Abstract
Mechanical attrition—the mechanical alloying or milling of powders—is a very versatile and potent method of obtaining nanocrystalline or ultrafine grain structures with enhanced properties. This article presents three examples of enhanced properties obtained by materials in which the grain size has been reduced to the nanoscale or ultrafine scale by ball milling and consolidation of powders. Very high strength/hardness—the highest hardness yet reported for crystalline Mg alloys—for a ball milled Mg97Y2Zn1 alloy is due in part to the nanocrystalline grain structure, along with nanoscale precipitates. A ternary Cu-base alloy with a low stacking fault energy was found to have both high strength and good ductility in a nanocrystalline material synthesized by the in situ ball milling consolidation method. This is another example that shows nanocrystalline materials need not be brittle. It is shown that bulk thermoelectric materials with superior properties can be produced by the ball milling and consolidation of powders to provide an ultrafine grain structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
226. Review: The effect of different nanofiller materials on the thermoelectric behavior of bismuth telluride.
- Author
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El-Makaty, Farah M., Ahmed, Hira Khalil, and Youssef, Khaled M.
- Subjects
- *
BISMUTH telluride , *THERMOELECTRIC materials , *SELENIUM - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Nanofiller dimensionality governs the thermoelectric properties of Bi 2 Te 3 composites. • The ZT enhancement of these composites is mostly preeminent to 2D nanofillers. • Superior thermoelectric properties are attained using doped Bi 2 Te 3 matrixes. This review paper summarizes and discusses the effect of nanosized fillers on bismuth telluride nanocomposites for thermoelectric applications. Classified into various dimensions based on electron confinement in space, the nanofiller effect on the figure-of-merit value is studied. By combining experimental data with theoretical models, the mechanisms for enhancing the thermoelectric properties were proposed. The outcomes of this review paper suggest that doped bismuth telluride composites (doped with selenium for n-type or antinomy for p-type) offer better thermoelectric properties compared to undoped composites. Moreover, improvements in undoped bismuth telluride composites are exclusive for the n-type only. The figure-of-merit value for bismuth telluride composites is less than two, where the 2D nanofillers show optimum ZT improvements. Nevertheless, the inconsistency of reported data in the thermoelectric area is a problem that must be addressed to have more control over the precision of the reported results for a better understanding of the concepts in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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227. The effects of structural integrity of graphene on the thermoelectric properties of the n-type bismuth-telluride alloy.
- Author
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El-Makaty, Farah M., Andre Mkhoyan, K., and Youssef, Khaled M.
- Subjects
- *
THERMOELECTRIC materials , *MECHANICAL alloying , *GRAPHENE , *BISMUTH , *BISMUTH alloys , *ELECTRIC conductivity , *SEEBECK coefficient , *N-type semiconductors - Abstract
• Different milling times affected the structural defects in graphene and its distribution in the n-type Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 matrix. • Long milling time induced higher levels of structural defects in graphene and reduced the composite's electrical conductivity • Ten minutes of mechanical milling was the optimum time to enhance the thermoelectric properties of the composite. • The improved ZT is attributed to the low level of structural defects and reduced agglomeration of graphene in the composite. This study examines the effects of the structural integrity of graphene on the thermoelectric properties of n-type bismuth telluride alloy. Graphene/Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 composites were prepared via mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering techniques. Different graphene concentrations (0.05 and 0.5 wt%) and addition times (20 hrs, 10 mins, and 1 min) were considered. The thermoelectric properties were measured, and the results showed that the milling time affects graphene structure as well as its agglomeration. It is revealed that the optimum time to add the two-dimensional filler is during the last phase of mechanical milling as it will preserve graphene's structure and boost the electrical conductivity. It is also shown that as the milling time of graphene increases, the Seebeck coefficient improves. Even though an increase in the thermal conductivity is expected due to the high electrical conductivity, a clear reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity part was obtained due to the increased scattering at the new interfaces. The figure-of-merit for the optimum sample with 0.05 wt% graphene added in the last 10 mins of milling had an improvement of 19% at room temperature reaching a value of 0.5, and 25% at 160 °C achieving a final value of 0.81. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
228. The effect of graphene structural integrity on the power factor of tin selenide nanocomposite.
- Author
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Alsalama, Manal, Hamoudi, Hicham, and Youssef, Khaled M.
- Subjects
- *
TIN selenide , *SELENIDES , *GRAPHENE , *IRON selenides , *NANOCOMPOSITE materials , *MECHANICAL alloying , *THERMAL conductivity , *MILLING (Metalwork) - Abstract
• Tin Selenide/Graphene nanoplatelets (SnSe/GNPs) nanocomposite is synthesized by ball milling and hot pressing. • Milling time has a significant effect on enhancing the distribution of graphene within the matrix. • Homogeneous distribution of graphene enable decoupling the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity. • Homogeneously distributed graphene provides a continuous path for carriers to move, hence enhancing the carrier mobility. • Optimum milling time has a significant effect on enhancing the power factor of SnSe/GNPs nanocomposite. [Display omitted] Tin selenide graphene nanocomposites (SnSe/GNPs) were fabricated with high-energy ball milling and hot pressing by varying the milling time of graphene. The effect of ball milling time on the graphene integrity and the dispersion homogeneity was investigated and the consequential variation in electrical properties of SnSe/GNPs were analyzed. The evolution of graphene sheets during milling as well as the crystal structure of SnSe/GNPs nanocomposites were systematically studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It has been proven that graphene was able to keep its crystallinity at short milling times, but it exhibits agglomeration and poor dispersion within the matrix. However, long milling time has a significant effect on increasing the disorders on graphene structure while it provides well dispersion of graphene. The calculated power factor increases with the addition of graphene and with increasing graphene milling time. The increased power factor is attributed to the homogeneous distribution of graphene, which results in a significant increase in electrical conductivity. At 773 K, the lowest power factor value was reported for the 1-min graphene-milled sample, whereas a 40% enhancement was reported for the 2-h graphene-milled sample. Across a wide temperature range (298–720 K), the 12-h graphene-milled sample shows the best performance owing to the simultaneous increase of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. These findings indicate the positive effect of milling time on the distribution of graphene, which in turn enables graphene to form a continuous net for carriers to move. This study could provide a greater understanding of the control factors of the mechanical milling process for preparing SnSe/GNPs nanocomposites in order to take full advantage of graphene's extraordinary properties by improving its distribution within the tin-selenide- based composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
229. In-situ growth of single-crystal plasmonic aluminum–lithium-graphene nanosheets with a hexagonal platelet-like morphology using ball-milling.
- Author
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Ahmad, Sara I., Hamoudi, Hicham, Ponraj, Janarthanan, and Youssef, Khaled M.
- Subjects
- *
NANOSTRUCTURED materials , *METAL nanoparticles , *TOXICOLOGY of aluminum , *BORON nitride , *NANOSCIENCE , *NANOPARTICLES , *MORPHOLOGY - Abstract
Metal-graphene nanocomposites and plasmonic metal nanoparticles are two nanoscience fields of a rapidly growing interest due to their potential in advanced applications. In this study, we combine both fields by synthesizing plasmonic aluminum-lithium-graphene nanosheets (Al–Li-GNSs) with anisotropic morphologies using a simple ball-milling technique. Structural analysis using SEM and TEM revealed that the Al–Li-GNSs nanoparticles are single-crystals with a hexagonal platelet-like morphology of a ∼300–500 nm diagonal and a ∼60 nm thickness. Electron diffraction analysis indicated that the as-milled platelets have an FCC structure with (111) top and bottom facets and revealed the presence of 1/3(422) and 1/3(220) forbidden reflections. UV–Vis spectroscopy of the hexagonal Al-based nanoplatelets was found to exhibit plasmonic resonance absorption bands in the UV region at a wavelength of 214 nm and 345 nm. In this report, we confirm the feasibility of building epitaxial plasmonic metal-graphene systems inside bulk metal-graphene composites using a simple milling process. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
230. Influence of dietary mannan-oligosaccharides supplementation on hematological characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, immune response and histological state of laying hens.
- Author
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Youssef, Islam M., Khalil, Hassan A., Jaber, Fatima A., Alhazzaa, Rasha A., Alkholy, Sarah O., Almehmadi, Awatif M., Alhassani, Walaa E., Al-Shehri, Mohammed, Hassan, Hesham, Hassan, Magdy S., Abd El Halim, Haiam S., El-Hack, Mohamed E. Abd, Youssef, Khaled M., and Abo-Samra, Maher A.
- Subjects
- *
HENS , *DIETARY supplements , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN M , *IMMUNE response , *EGG yolk , *ERYTHROCYTES , *LEUCOCYTES - Abstract
This study aimed to determine the influence of dietary mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on the immune system, hematological traits, blood biochemical parameters, and histological state of laying hens. At 34 wk of age, The Mandarah chicken strain's 120 laying hens and 12 cocks were divided into 4 groups, each with 30 hens and 3 cocks. The first group performed as a control group, which nourished on a basal diet. The second, third, and fourth experimental groups received 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg of MOS and a base diet, respectively. Birds obtained MOS at numerous doses significantly (P ˂ 0.05) raised serum levels of immunoglobulin Y (IgY), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and avian influenza (AI) antibodies compared to control birds. Furthermore, adding MOS at a level of 0.1 g/kg diet significantly improved the immune response of the control group. Additionally, compared to the control group, treated birds with MOS at various dosages did not significantly enhance hematological parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Compared to control birds, birds fed MOS at all levels exhibited considerably lower serum cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values. Also, compared to other treated birds, MOS-treated birds displayed improved histological examination of the small intestine, isthmus, and testis compared to the control group, particularly in birds fed MOS at 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg diet. It could be concluded that using MOS at 0.1 or 2 g/kg diet can successfully improve the physiological performance and overall health of laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
231. THE INFLUENCE OF SINGLE WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES ON THE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF P-TYPE BISMUTH TELLURIDE COMPOSITE
- Author
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HEGAZY, SARA MOHAMED and Youssef, Khaled
- Subjects
the thermoelectric characteristics of p-type ,bismuth telluride ,Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) - Abstract
The most important thermoelectric materials for applications close to room temperature are made of bismuth telluride. The number of applications for these materials, however, is constrained by their extremely low heat conversion efficiencies. Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) are employed as a nanofiller in this work to create a p-type bismuth telluride nanocomposite with the composition Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3. Ball milling was used to prepare the samples with various SWCNTs concentrations for a total milling time of 16 hours. According to the findings, the addition of SWCNTs enhanced the thermoelectric characteristics of p-type bismuth telluride. The addition of SWCNTs raised ZT at room temperature by 5% (from 0.86 to 0.90) for the optimal sample (0.05 wt.% SWCNTs),. At 150 °C, ZT improved by 4 %, achieving a value of 1.26 for the same sample (0.05 wt.% SWCNTs). Consequently, demonstrating that SWCNTs may improve the thermoelectric characteristics of the p-type bismuth telluride samples.
- Published
- 2023
232. EFFECT OF ALUMINUM CONCENTRATION ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NICRCONB HIGH ENTROPY ALLOYS
- Author
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ABDALLAH, OMAR ADEL MUSTAFA and Youssef, Khaled
- Subjects
aluminum ,High entropy alloys (HEAs) ,growing economies ,environmental burdens - Abstract
The debate between growing economies and increased environmental burdens forces countries to make excessive efforts to reduce their energy consumption. The reduction of weight in structural materials, such as Al-based and Ni-based alloys that are utilized in everyday aspects, has a great potential for reducing the consumption of energy and minimizing the burden on the environment. High entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new class of multi-component alloy systems in which the design of the alloys is based not on adding solutes to a single "base" element, but rather on choosing elements that will form solid solutions when mixed with specific concentrations. In this work, we studied the effect of aluminum content on novel NiCrCoNb HEAs and produced low-cost and low-density HEAs with superior unprecedented mechanical properties through simple thermomechanical treatments.
- Published
- 2023
233. THE EFFECT OF NIOBIUM ON THE PHASE STABILITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NICKEL-BASED HIGH ENTROPY ALLOYS
- Author
-
AL MAADEED, FATMA and Youssef, Khaled
- Subjects
phase stability ,Niobium (Nb) ,NICKEL ,high entropy alloys (HEAs) - Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of phase stability of high entropy alloys (HEAs) and the influence of refractory elements is a recent topic of active research. This study investigates the effect of Niobium (Nb), as a refractory element, on the phase stability and mechanical properties of NiCoCrAlNb HEAs. In this thesis, Ni0.55CoCrAlNbx (x= 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) high entropy alloys are prepared by using a vacuum arc melting technique. X-ray diffraction results demonstrate a single solid solution phase FCC in all samples. The addition of Nb content is studied through thermomechanical assessments and microstructure processing. Remarkable tensile properties were achieved for the HEA with 5% Nb content. The thermomechanical treatments were optimized, and the best combination of mechanical properties was obtained at an aging temperature of 950°C for one hour. Significant improvements are detected in tensile properties as the Nb content is increased. The yield and ultimate strength values of the optimized sample were found to be 1050 MPa and 1534 MPa, respectively. All the specimens aged at 950°C had a good tensile ductility of 34%. This thesis indicates that the properties of HEAs could be well tailored using thermomechanical and microstructure management for a high-performance HEA in industrial engineering applications.
- Published
- 2023
234. Immune response, hematological traits, biochemical blood parameters, and histological status of laying hens influenced by dietary chitosan-oligosaccharides.
- Author
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Youssef, Islam M., Khalil, Hassan A., Shakoori, Afnan M., Bagadood, Rehab M., Alyahyawi, Areej Y., Alhazzaa, Rasha A., Fakiha, Khloud G., Nasr, Samia, Abo-Samra, Maher A., Hassan, Magdy S., Halim, Haiam S. Abd El, El-Hack, Mohamed E. Abd, Jaremko, Mariusz, Al-Nemi, Ruba, and Youssef, Khaled M.
- Subjects
- *
HENS , *IMMUNE response , *ERYTHROCYTES , *LEUCOCYTES , *AVIAN influenza , *EGG yolk , *POULTRY breeding - Abstract
This experiment aimed to examine the effect of chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) supplementation in laying hens' diets affected their immune response, hematological characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, and histological status. At the age of 34 wk, 200 laying hens and 20 cocks of the Mandarah chicken strain were allotted into four groups, each consisting of 50 hens and five cocks. The first group acted as a control group, fed on a basal diet. The second, third, and fourth experimental groups each received 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg of COS in addition to a base diet. Birds received COS at various dosages had significantly (P ˂ 0.05) increased serum concentration of immunoglobulins, avian influenza, and Newcastle disease antibodies compared with the control birds. Moreover, adding COS at level 0.2 g/kg diet insignificantly enhanced immune response than the rest of the treatment groups. Also, treated birds with COS at different levels had insignificantly improved hematological parameters such as red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit compared to the control group. Birds fed COS at all levels had significantly decreased serum cholesterol, triglycerides, Ca++ and alanine aminotransferase concentrations compared with control birds. In addition, compared to the control group, chitosan-treated birds showed enhanced histological examination of the small intestine, isthmus, and testis, notably in birds given COS at 0.1 g/kg diet compared to other treated birds. Cocks fed COS at all levels improved testicular tissues and increased the number and diameter of seminiferous tubules compared with control birds Morphological examination of the ileum showed increased villi number, height, and crypt depth. It is possible to conclude that laying hens' physiological performance and general health can be effectively improved by using chitosan at 0.1 or 2 g/kg diet levels enhanced immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
235. Microstructural effect on the corrosion behavior of n- and p-type bismuth tellurides fabricated by induction melting.
- Author
-
El-Makaty, Farah M., Nawaz, Muddasir, Shakoor, R.A., Hammuda, Abdelmagid, and Youssef, Khaled M.
- Subjects
- *
BISMUTH telluride , *TELLURIDES , *BISMUTH alloys , *PITTING corrosion , *CORROSION in alloys , *BISMUTH , *THERMOELECTRIC materials - Abstract
Numerous efforts have been made to understand and enhance the thermoelectric properties of bismuth telluride alloys. However, limited studies have been reported to investigate the corrosion behavior of these alloys and their suitability for industrial applications. This paper examines the corrosion behavior of three different bismuth telluride alloys prepared by induction melting: pristine Bi 2 Te 3 , n-type Bi 2 Te 2.55 Se 0.45 , and p-type Bi 0.6 Sb 1.4 Te 3. The electrochemical response of the samples is tested in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization curves (Tafel plots) revealed that the n-type sample formed a passive layer compared to the pristine and the p-type samples, which showed pitting corrosion. The different trends observed in the samples were related to their evolved microstructures, where fingerprint-like features in the pristine and the p-type samples showed high susceptibility to pitting corrosion. In contrast, a unique needle-like microstructure of the n-type samples acted as nucleation sites for passive layer formation causing higher corrosion resistance in this sample. • Electrochemical response of undoped and doped Bi 2 Te 3 produced by induction melting was studied in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. • The electrochemical response significantly depends on the microstructural features of the Bi 2 Te 3 alloys. • Fingerprint-like features in undoped Bi 2 Te 3 and Sb-doped alloys showed high susceptibility to pitting corrosion. • The needle-like microstructure of the Se-doped Bi 2 Te 3 acted as nucleation sites for passive layer formation, causing high corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
236. THE EFFECT OF SINGLE WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES ON THE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BISMUTH TELLURIDE
- Author
-
MOHAMED, MOHAMED ALAMELDIN ALI and Youssef,Khaled
- Subjects
Bismuth Telluride ,single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) ,carbon nanomaterials - Abstract
Modern new technologies, including carbon nanomaterials, polymers performed electronically, and their nanocomposites enhance the performance of thermoelectric materials. Thermoelectrical responses can be improved by simultaneously tuning different properties within the material, such as nano structuring, nanocomposites, and doping. The purpose of this work is to determine the effect of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) on the thermoelectric properties of an n-type bismuth telluride alloy. Mechanical alloying and compaction sintering techniques are used to prepare SWCNT/Bi2Te2.55Se0.45 composites. Experiments are conducted with different concentrations (0.01, 0.025, 0.1 and 0.5 weight percent) and duration times of 20 hours. The results of the thermoelectric characteristics of SWCNT indicates that ball milling technique influences both its structure and agglomeration. The CNT filler is added during the step of mechanical milling, as this preserves SWCNT structure and increases its electrical conductivity. Additionally, it is demonstrated that SWCNT milling technique improves the Seebeck coefficient. While an increase in thermal conductivity is expected as a result of the high electrical conductivity due to increased scattering at the new interfaces, a significant drop in the lattice thermal conductivity is attained. The figure-of-merit for the optimal sample with 0.1 percent SWCNT added in 20 milling hours has improved by 13% at room temperature indicating a value of 0.3, and by 32% at 156.9°C indicating the highest ZT value of 0.6.
- Published
- 2022
237. Biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethane composites as potential plating systems in pediatric facial fractures
- Author
-
ALANI, AYA AHMED, Youssef,Khaled, and Hassan, Mohammad K.
- Subjects
polyurethane composites ,polymer ,pediatric facial fractures - Abstract
Due to the rapid growth of facial bone in the pediatric age group, the use of metallic plates would require a second surgical intervention to remove it. The alternative is biodegradable plating systems which are safe but not without complications, including learning curve, decreased stability, cost, and infection. The addition of hydroxyapatite to the synthesized thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) may affect its structural and morphological properties. Hydroxyapatite is the inorganic part of the bone that is used as reinforcement in many applications. Plate systems comprising composites including hydroxyapatite (u-HA) particles have been developed for clinical use due to their osteoconductive capacity. The effects of hydroxyapatite addition on thermoplastic 'polyurethane's degradation, thermal, structural, and morphological characteristics were examined. This work aims to find an alternative material that can replace the commercial system used nowadays in bone fixation (made either from l-lactide or d-lactide) and overcome its disadvantages such as late degradation tissue response and foreign body reaction. The H12MDI based thermoplastic polyurethane was prepared using 12% HS 50:50 BD-Poly D, L-lactide -co-glycolide, then the composites were prepared by the addition of 3 and 15% of hydroxyapatite, respectively. The properties of the polymer and its composites have been characterized by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (C13 NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and In vitro degradation analysis. It was found that the TPU is semi-crystalline and porous. The melting point and the decomposition temperature of the composites increased with the addition of HA compared to the pure TPU. with incubation in the buffer for 45 and 90 days. The melting point was found to be increased for the polymer as well as for the composites. SEM analysis showed that the polymer is porous, and the filler fills these pores in the composites, increasing its melting point and making the surface smoother. X-ray test showed that the crystallinity of the polymer raised with the addition of the filler. Regarding the degradation, the TPU showed a better degradation rate than the composites as it lost around 30%of its mass after two months only, while the composites lost about 10%. It was confirmed that the synthesized TPU-HA composite could be a promising candidate for bone repair systems.
- Published
- 2022
238. Investigating the thermal stability of nanocrystalline aluminum-lithium alloy by combining different mechanisms: Reinforcing with graphene and alloying with Sr.
- Author
-
Ahmad, Sara I., Hamoudi, Hicham, Zekri, Atef, and Youssef, Khaled M.
- Subjects
- *
THERMAL stability , *DILUTE alloys , *LIGHTWEIGHT materials , *ALUMINUM-lithium alloys , *GRAPHENE , *CRYSTAL grain boundaries , *ENERGY consumption - Abstract
Interest in nanocrystalline (nc) aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) alloys is motivated by the demand for lightweight and high-performance materials for light-weighting applications and superior fuel consumption. Nonetheless, nc metals, including Al are thermally unstable, which hinders their technological applications. In this study, we explore the effect of combining dilute amounts of strontium (1.0 at% Sr) and graphene nanoplatelets (1.0 wt% GNPs) to investigate the thermal stability of a nc Al-Li alloy. Ball milling was used to prepare four samples: Al-Li, Al-Li-Sr, Al-Li-GNPs, and Al-Li-Sr-GNPs, to systematically investigate the role of each added element. Isothermal annealing was conducted at different temperatures to investigate the thermal stability. Despite maintaining a nanometric grain size and high hardness of 70 nm and 1.1 GPa, respectively, after annealing at 773 K for 1 h, the Al-Li-Sr-GNPs sample suffered the most significant grain growth and the highest drop in hardness when compared to the Al-Li-Sr and Al-Li-GNPs samples. Microstructural investigations suggested that competing effects resulting from the spontaneous reaction of both Sr and GNPs with Al at higher temperatures resulted in a declining thermal stability efficiency. The formation and distribution of the rod-like Al 4 C 3 phase at the grain boundaries stood in the way of proper Sr diffusion after annealing and caused the agglomeration of the Al 4 Sr phase. [Display omitted] • The thermal stability of nc Al-Li alloy was studied through Sr and GNPs additions. • The Al 4 Sr and Al 4 C 3 formed at the GBs contributed to the improved thermal stability. • Rod-like Al 4 C 3 formed at the grain boundaries prevented the proper Sr segregation. • Agglomeration of the Al 4 Sr resulted in a declined thermal stability efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
239. Efficient machine-learning model for fast assessment of elastic properties of high-entropy alloys.
- Author
-
Vazquez, Guillermo, Singh, Prashant, Sauceda, Daniel, Couperthwaite, Richard, Britt, Nicholas, Youssef, Khaled, Johnson, Duane D., and Arróyave, Raymundo
- Subjects
- *
ELASTICITY , *VALUATION of real property , *ALLOYS , *DENSITY functional theory , *TERNARY alloys , *MACHINE learning - Abstract
[Display omitted] We combined descriptor-based analytical models for stiffness-matrix and elastic-moduli with mean-field methods to accelerate assessment of technologically useful properties of high-entropy alloys, such as strength and ductility. Model training for elastic properties uses Sure-Independence Screening (SIS) and Sparsifying Operator (SO) method yielding an optimal analytical model, constructed with meaningful atomic features to predict target properties. Computationally inexpensive analytical descriptors were trained using a database of elastic properties determined from density functional theory for binary and ternary subsets of Nb-Mo-Ta-W-V refractory alloys. The optimal Elastic-SISSO models, extracted from an exponentially large feature space, give an extremely accurate prediction of target properties, similar to or better than other models, with some verified from existing experiments. We also show that electronegativity variance and elastic-moduli can directly predict trends in ductility and yield strength of refractory HEAs, and reveals promising alloy concentration regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
240. Enhancing the Thermoelectric Properties of N-type Bismuth-Telluride-Based Alloys Using Graphene As A Nanofiller
- Author
-
Elmakaty, Farah and Youssef, Khaled
- Subjects
graphene ,Bismuth telluride chalcogenides ,ball milling technique ,thermoelectric properties - Abstract
Bismuth telluride chalcogenides are the ideal thermoelectric materials used for near room temperature applications. However, the usage of these materials is relegated to a few applications as a result of the extremely low heat conversion efficiencies. In this study, graphene is used as a nanofiller to prepare n-type bismuth telluride nanocomposite of a composition Bi2Te2.7Se0.3. The samples were prepared via a ball milling technique with different graphene concentrations and processing times. The results revealed that graphene addition during the last phase of milling improved the thermoelectric properties. However, these enhancements were limited to the lower graphene concentration of 0.05 wt.% only. Moreover, the figure-of-merit values of the optimum sample showed noticeable enhancements of 19%, reaching 0.5 at room temperature and 23 % at 160 ?C, reaching a maximum figure-of-merit value of 0.81. Hence, proving the ability of graphene to enhance the thermoelectric properties of the sample under study.
- Published
- 2020
241. Optimization and Stabilization of P-Type BISBTE/GRAPHENE Nanocomposites for Efficient Thermoelectric Energy Conversion
- Author
-
Lemine, Aicha Sidi and Youssef, Khaled
- Subjects
High Power Factor (PF) ,Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) ,High Figure-of-Merit (ZT) - Abstract
The state-of-the-art Bismuth Antimony Telluride (BiSbTe) alloys have a promising potential to advance thermoelectric applications in energy harvesting for efficient power generation and active refrigeration. In this thesis, the combination of High-Energy Ball Milling and FAST/SPS Sintering Press showed a reliable and cost effective synthesis approach for artifact-free nanostructured bulk BiSbTe/Graphene nanocomposites. The results show successfulness in synthesizing homogenous elemental distribution and stable single phase of Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 either in the pristine nanopowder or the multicomponent nanocomposites. It also confirms the crucial rule of graphene addition time on its structure, as well as, the morphology, mechanical behavior, and thermoelectric performance of the synthesized nanocomposites. The 5mins nanocomposite showed an ultrahigh micro-hardness of 1.78GPa, the highest power factor of 1.73mW/m.K2 at 323K, and the lowest thermal conductivity of 0.723W/m.K at 323K. This has resulted in its optimum Figure-of-Merit of 0.70 at 323K with 25% of improvements compared to the pristine BiSbTe.
- Published
- 2020
242. Nanostructure fabrication on germanium and silicon by nanocoining imprint technique.
- Author
-
Zdanowicz, Erik, Dow, Thomas A., Scattergood, Ronald O., and Youssef, Khaled
- Subjects
- *
FABRICATION (Manufacturing) , *GERMANIUM , *SILICON , *NANODIAMONDS , *FRACTURE mechanics , *PHASE transitions - Abstract
Highlights: [•] Nanostructured diamond die pressed onto Si and Ge samples to replicate 500nm pitch features. [•] Fast nanocoining procedure was successful in replicating features at 1600 features per second. [•] Nanofeatures were replicated without local fracture. [•] Forces were measured during indentation for both materials. [•] Micro-Raman measurements provided evidence of pressure induced phase transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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243. Entropy-driven melting point depression in fcc HEAs.
- Author
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Kirk, Tanner, Vela, Brent, Mehalic, Seth, Youssef, Khaled, and Arróyave, Raymundo
- Subjects
- *
MELTING points , *LIQUID alloys , *HIGH temperatures , *CHEMICAL stability , *ALLOYS - Abstract
[Display omitted] High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are an increasingly dominant alloy design paradigm. The premise of entropic stabilization of single-phase alloys has motivated much of the research on HEAs. Chemical complexity may indeed help stabilize single alloy phases relative to other lower-entropy competing solid phases. Paradoxically, this complexity may de-stabilize these alloys against the liquid phase, potentially limiting the application space of HEAs at elevated temperatures. In this work, we carry out a comprehensive investigation of the phase stability in the fcc CoCrFeMnNiV-Al HEA space using a state of the art CALPHAD database. By using modern visualization techniques and statistical analysis we examine the trade-off between chemical complexity and stability against the liquid state and identify a potentially difficult to overcome barrier for development of high temperature alloys, at least within the conventional fcc HEA space. Limited experimental data seem to be consistent with this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
244. Towards stacking fault energy engineering in FCC high entropy alloys.
- Author
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Khan, Tasneem Z., Kirk, Tanner, Vazquez, Guillermo, Singh, Prashant, Smirnov, A.V., Johnson, Duane D., Youssef, Khaled, and Arróyave, Raymundo
- Subjects
- *
ALLOYS , *ENTROPY , *MATERIAL plasticity , *ENGINEERING - Abstract
Stacking Fault Energy (SFE) is an intrinsic alloy property that governs much of the plastic deformation mechanisms observed in fcc alloys. While SFE has been recognized for many years as a key intrinsic mechanical property, its inference via experimental observations or prediction using, for example, computationally intensive first-principles methods is challenging. This difficulty precludes the explicit use of SFE as an alloy design parameter. In this work, we combine DFT calculations (with necessary configurational averaging), machine-learning (ML) and physics-based models to predict the SFE in the fcc CoCrFeMnNiV-Al high-entropy alloy space. The best-performing ML model is capable of accurately predicting the SFE of arbitrary compositions within this 7-element system. This efficient model along with a recently developed model to estimate intrinsic strength of fcc HEAs is used to explore the strength–SFE Pareto front, predicting new-candidate alloys with particularly interesting mechanical behavior. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
245. Thermoelectric Behavior of Nanocrystalline Tin Selenide Nanocomposites
- Author
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CHAMAKH, MARIEM and Youssef, Khaled
- Subjects
X-Ray Diffraction ,Nanocrystalline ,Thermoelectric materials ,Transmission electron microscopy ,Nanocomposites - Abstract
Thermoelectric technology converts thermal energy to electricity. Many studies were conducted on thermoelectric materials such as Bismuth Telluride and Lead Telluride. And the goal was to achieve an average ZT >2 which is required for waste heat recovery applications. Recently Tin Selenide (SnSe) showed a promising performance with a ZT of nearly 2.6 at 923 K for its single crystal structure at the b-axis. However, single crystal SnSe is very fragile and the production of single crystal SnSe structure is a complicated and costly process. Therefore, great interest was given to polycrystalline SnSe. In this work, the thermoelectric performance of polycrystalline SnSe was enhanced through nanostructuring and nano-composting with graphene via a cost-effective methodology. Nanocrystalline SnSe composites were successfully prepared by high energy ball milling and SPS techniques, and the structural characterization by X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed that the average grain size of both pristine SnSe and SnSe with Graphene was approximately (~ 10 nm). The mechanical properties were evaluated and showed an enhancement with high hardness values. The nanostructuring contributed in the enhancement of Seebeck coefficient and the highest reported value so far was obtained for pristine SnSe with 1032 μV/K at 873K. A significant improvement in ZT value was observed for the pristine nanostructured SnSe with a value of 0.9 at 873 K, and the addition of Graphene increased the ZT to 1.2 at 873 K due to the increased power factor and the lower thermal conductivity. Graphene was detected to be mainly present around the grain boundaries and this finding represents the first ever reported evidence to identify the location of graphene in a nanocrystalline TE material.
- Published
- 2018
246. Properties and thermal stabilization of Nanocrystalline copper via solute additions of niobium
- Author
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Abaza, Mohamed A and Youssef, Khaled
- Subjects
Solute Drag and Zener Pinning ,Structural analysis ,Mechanical and electrical properties ,Mechanical ball milling ,Nanocrystalline Copper ,Thermal stabilization - Abstract
Nanocrystalline materials, those with grain size
- Published
- 2017
247. Thermal Stabilization and Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Al and Al-Li Alloys
- Author
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Ahmad, Sara Iyad and Youssef, Khaled
- Subjects
Nanoscience ,Materials Science ,Alloys ,Nanocrystalline ,Grain ,Growth ,Strength ,Aluminum - Abstract
Aluminum alloys in the conventional grain size state have had their share of research and are implemented in a variety of applications in our everyday life such as being the main structural materials in automobiles, aircrafts, solar panels supports and stations. Hence, it is long overdue to design light-weight aluminum alloys for the best performance in their nanostructured state. However, the strength associated with the reduced grain size of nanomaterials is associated with a penalty that leads to microstructural instabilities that result in grain growth, limiting their service temperatures and expected lifetime. Two mechanisms have been suggested to suppress grain growth: The first is a thermodynamic approach concerned with reducing the overall free energy of the system by lowering the grain boundary energy through solute segregation, and the second is kinetically by reducing grain boundary mobility. In this thesis, nanocrystalline (nc) Al and Al-2 at.% Li alloy are synthesized by mechanical cryomilling. It is proved that adding 1 at.% strontium (Sr) thermally stabilized the nc Al and its alloy up to 873 K, which represents 94% of its homologous temperature along with maintaining its exceptionally high hardness and good ductility, resulting in an alloy that has a specific strength higher than that of steel. Mechanical properties and thermal stability were studied through several characterization techniques such as XRD, TEM, micro-hardness, sheer punch tests, and SEM. It is concluded that thermal stabilization has occurred through both thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms. Hence we anticipate that the results of this research will highly motivate the development of thermally stabilized, super-light and ultra-tough nanostructured materials for technological and structural applications.
- Published
- 2016
248. Surface characterization and luminescence properties of AlN doped with RE elements (Sm, Ho, Gd, Tm)
- Author
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Balogun, Ismail Ayodele and Youssef, Khaled
- Subjects
Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Nitride emitters ,deposition temperature ,structural analysis ,crystallite size calculation ,Wide band-gap semiconductor - Abstract
Rare‐ earth (RE)‐doped III‐nitride broad band‐gap semiconductors have attracted enormous interest as a foundation for optoelectronics devices, which combine the unique luminescence feature of Rare‐earth ions with the electronic properties of the semiconductors. Recent progress toward nitride‐based light emitting diode and light emitting due to electric current devices have been made using crystalline and amorphous AlN and GaN doped with a different lanthanide elements. The Rare‐earth ions’ electronic structures are differ from the other elements and are unique due to an incompletely filled 4Fn shell. The 4F‐orbital electrons lay inside the ion and are protected from the surroundings by the filled 5S2 and 5P6 electron orbitals. When these rare‐earths doped are excited by any external means, intense sharp‐line emission is observed due to intra‐4Fn shells transitions of the rare‐earth ion core. In the present work, sputtered deposited thin films of AlN doped with rare‐earth elements (Sm, Ho, Gd, Tm) are investigated for their structures, luminescence and spectroscopic properties. Thin films were deposited at various temperatures. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed for structural analysis and crystallite size calculation in crystalline films. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to confirm the information obtained from XRD. Luminescence and spectroscopic analysis were performed using photoluminescence tool and Fourier transform infra‐red. The effect of the temperature on the surface morphology and luminescence properties was also studied. Energy dispersive x‐ray analysis was performed on the films to find the constituents and impurities in the samples. Atomic force microscopy was also used for determination of surface roughening, and thermal gravimetric analysis was used to investigate loss of mass of the samples over a range of temperature. This work provides investigations of these materials for their use in photonic and microelectronic devices.
- Published
- 2015
249. Effect of AlN on the Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites.
- Author
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Abdelatty RH, Radwan AB, Youssef K, Ijaz MF, and Abdul Shakoor R
- Abstract
In the present investigation, aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMs) reinforced with aluminum nitride (AlN) nanoparticulates at different volumetric ratios of (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 vol.%) were manufactured via a microwave-assisted powder metallurgy technique. The morphological, physical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of the produced billets were examined to reflect the impact of the successive addition of AlN into the aluminum (Al) matrix. The morphological analysis revealed the high crystalline patterns of the formation of the Al-AlN composites. The microstructural analysis confirmed the presence of the elemental constituents of Al and AlN particles in the fabricated composites, showing an enhanced degree of agglomeration in conjunction with the additional amount of AlN. Positive behavior exhibited by the micro- and nanohardness was noticeable in the Al-AlN composites, especially at the ultimate concentration of AlN in the Al matrix of a 2 vol.%, where it reached 669.4 ± 28.1 MPa and 659.1 ± 11 MPa compared to the pure Al metal at 441.2 ± 20 MPa and 437.5 ± 11 MPa, respectively. A declining trend in the compressive strength was recorded in the reinforced Al samples. The corrosion resistance of the AlN-reinforced Al metal matrix was estimated at 3.5 wt.% NaCl using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. The results reveal that the inclusion of 2.0 vol.%AlN led to the lowest corrosion rate.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
250. Silver Decoration of Vertically Aligned MoS 2 -MoO x Nanosheets: A Comprehensive XPS Investigation.
- Author
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Youssef KA, Das A, Colomer JF, Hemberg A, Noirfalise X, and Bittencourt C
- Abstract
This study investigates the simultaneous decoration of vertically aligned molybdenum disulfide nanostructure (VA-MoS
2 ) with Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and nitrogen functionalization. Nitrogen functionalization was achieved through physical vapor deposition (PVD) DC-magnetron sputtering using nitrogen as a reactive gas, aiming to induce p-type behavior in MoS2 . The utilization of reactive sputtering resulted in the growth of three-dimensional silver structures on the surface of MoS2 , promoting the formation of silver nanoparticles. A comprehensive characterization was conducted to assess surface modifications and analyze chemical and structural changes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the presence of silver on the MoS2 surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed successful decoration with silver nanoparticles, showing that deposition time affects the size and distribution of the silver on the MoS2 surface.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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