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Cutting force detection can contribute to predicting the productivity and quality of end milling operations. Instantaneous cutting force prediction of digital twins in end milling operations should be near real-time and accurate. This paper proposes an image-based approach that can contain more useful information due to a higher dimension and simplify the complexity of computing geometric data. The cutter frame image (CFI) is utilized as one of the inputs of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict instantaneous cutting forces. Considering the convenience of capturing massive data, the approach uses cutting forces generated from a mechanistic force model instead of experimental cutting forces to train the CNN. The correlation coefficient R2 value between predicted results and simulated results is 0.9999 and the average time cost per image is 0.057 s in a cutting condition, which validates the possibility to use the image-based method to predict instantaneous cutting forces accurately and efficiently in the digital twin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amid oxime modified Alzola imbricate dry powder( AI-g-AO) was synthesized by collecting wild Alzola imbricate from pond, making Alzola imbricate dry powder and modified with anidoxime group. The microstructure, element composition and structure of AI-g-AO before and after adsorption was characterized by Seaming Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS). The single factor experiments were used to study the effects of pH,reaction time, initial U concentration and adsorbent dosage on U adsorption by A--g-AO. The adsorption process was studied by pseudofirs-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, Langmuir and Freundfich isotherms. The results showed that the maximum U adsorption cupidity was 14. 98 under the conditions of 30, initial U concentration 15 mg/L, adsorbent: U solution = 1 g: 1 L, pH = 6. The pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmrnr ssotherm were suitabee for the adsorption proces.. In conclusoon, A--g-AO was a good material for U biosorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azolla imbircata dry powder (Ai-dp) was prepared by collecting wild Azolla imbircata, drying and grinding. SEM, FTIR and XPS have been used to characterize it. Batch biosorption experiments studied pH, contact time, initial U(VI) concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature effects on U(VI) biosorption. These results indicated that the maximum biosorption capacity was 4.55 mg L−1 under conditions of 303 K, pH 2.0, initial U(VI) concentration 15 mg L−1 and adsorbent dosage 3.75 g L−1. The biosorption process fit pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm, it showed the adsorption process was monolayer chemisorption. The thermodynamic fitting results showed the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little research has considered all children while investigating adult children's role in their older parents' health and well-being. In this study, we examine the effect of filial piety across all children on parental depressive symptoms. A sample of 432 older parents with 1,223 adult children in a rural county in northern China rated the filial piety level for each child individually. Ratings were then combined across multiple children and organized into an ordinal variable of filial piety including three levels: all children being filial, some of the children being filial, and none of the children being filial. Ordinary least squares linear regression analyses were performed. The results reveal a significant and negative relationship between adult children's filial piety levels and older parents' depressive symptoms after controlling for age, gender, marital status, financial strain, chronic conditions, and social support from family and friends, respectively. That is, one level lower in the adult children's filial piety corresponds to increase in level of older parents' depressive symptoms. Filial piety seems to benefit older Chinese parents' mental health net of social support from family and friends in this sample. Including information from all children in the analyses is informative for better understanding the psychological significance of filial piety for healthy aging in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan is an amorphous translucent substance with a structural unit similar to the polysaccharide structure of the extracellular matrix, It has good antibacterial, biocompatible, and degradable properties. It has important application value in leather, water treatment, medicine, food and other fields, so chitosan and its modified products have received widespread attention. This article reviewed the preparation methods of chitosan-based antibacterial composites in recent years, including chitosan/collagen, chitosan/graphene, chitosan/tannic acid, and chitosan/polyethylene glycol composite materials, elaborates their modification methods and antibacterial mechanism were reviewed in detail, and its applications in the leather industry as antibacterial auxiliaries and water treatment antibacterial adsorption materials were discussed. Finally, the future development and challenges of chitosan-based composite materials in the leather industry were forecasted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinearities have been evidenced during the chatter vibration of milling. Machinability of the thin-walled part is feed rate and position-dependent, and is subject to process damping at low cutting speed. Therefore, chatter stability prediction of milling considering nonlinear cutting force, nonlinear structural stiffness and process damping is investigated. The cutting force and stiffness are established based on the polynomial model and the process damping is investigated based on the dissipated energy. The dynamic cutting force and stability lobes are solved in the time domain with coefficients updated at each iteration. By formulating the displacement as an expanded form via the perturbation method, the time-consuming solution of delay differential equations is avoided. After formulating the identification of the nonlinear model via cutting tests and modal tests, numerical simulations considering nonlinearities are carried out and compared with the analytical method. The proposed method attains high accuracy of classic time-domain solution, but with an improved computational efficiency. Finally, cutting tests are conducted to verify the prediction of cutting force and stability lobes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide was encapsulated into sodium alginate to prepare SA-GO composite hydrogel for U(VI) adsorption, which characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XPS. The effects of pH, reaction time, initial U(VI) concentration and adsorbent amount on U(VI) adsorption were studied by batch adsorption experiments. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity was 149.76 mg/L when pH 5.0, adsorbent 0.1 g/L, 30 °C and initial U(VI) concentration 15 mg/L. The adsorption process accords with pseudo-second-order kinetic models and Langmuir isotherm. After five cycles of desorption and reuse experiments, the adsorption capacity of SA-GO for U(VI) was still higher than 85%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overlapping metabolic reprogramming of cancer and immune cells is a putative determinant of the antitumor immune response in cancer. Increased evidence suggests that cancer metabolism not only plays a crucial role in cancer signaling for sustaining tumorigenesis and survival, but also has wider implications in the regulation of antitumor immune response through both the release of metabolites and affecting the expression of immune molecules, such as lactate, PGE2, arginine, etc. Actually, this energetic interplay between tumor and immune cells leads to metabolic competition in the tumor ecosystem, limiting nutrient availability and leading to microenvironmental acidosis, which hinders immune cell function. More interestingly, metabolic reprogramming is also indispensable in the process of maintaining self and body homeostasis by various types of immune cells. At present, more and more studies pointed out that immune cell would undergo metabolic reprogramming during the process of proliferation, differentiation, and execution of effector functions, which is essential to the immune response. Herein, we discuss how metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and immune cells regulate antitumor immune response and the possible approaches to targeting metabolic pathways in the context of anticancer immunotherapy. We also describe hypothetical combination treatments between immunotherapy and metabolic intervening that could be used to better unleash the potential of anticancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the low access to biodegradable organic substances used for denitrification, the partial nitrification-denitrification process has been considered as a low-cost, sustainable alternative for landfill leachate treatment. In this study, the process upgrade from conventional to partial nitrification-denitrification was comprehensively investigated in a full-scale landfill leachate treatment plant (LLTP). The partial nitrification-denitrification system was successfully achieved through the optimizing dissolved oxygen and the external carbon source, with effluent nitrogen concentrations lower than 150 mg/L. Moreover, the upgrading process facilitated the enrichment of Nitrosomonas (abundance increased from 0.4% to 3.3%), which was also evidenced by increased abundance of amoA/B/C genes carried by Nitrosomonas. Although Nitrospira (accounting for 0.1%–0.6%) was found to stably exist in the reactor tank, considerable nitrite accumulation occurred in the reactor (reaching 98.8 mg/L), indicating high-efficiency of the partial nitrification process. Moreover, the abundance of Thauera, the dominant denitrifying bacteria responsible for nitrite reduction, gradually increased from 0.60% to 5.52% during the upgrade process. This process caused great changes in the microbial community, inducing continuous succession of heterotrophic bacteria accompanied by enhanced metabolic potentials toward organic substances. The results obtained in this study advanced our understanding of the operation of a partial nitrification-denitrification system and provided a technical case for the upgrade of currently existing full-scale LLTPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages worldwide. In tea, lateral roots (LRs) are the main organ responsible for the absorption of moisture and mineral nutrients from the soil. Lateral roots formation and development are regulated by the nitrogen and auxin signaling pathways. In order to understand the role of auxin and nitrogen signaling in LRs formation and development, transcriptome analysis was employed to investigate the differentially expressed genes involved in lateral roots of tea plants treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), low and high concentrations of nitrogen. Results: A total of 296 common differentially expressed genes were identified and annotated to four signaling pathways, including nitrogen metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism and transcription factors. RNA-sequencing results revealed that majority of differentially expressed genes play important roles in nitrogen metabolism and hormonal signal transduction. Low nitrogen condition induced the biosynthesis of auxin and accumulation of transcripts, thereby, regulating lateral roots formation. Furthermore, metabolism of cytokinin and ethylene biosynthesis were also involved in lateral roots development. Transcription factors like MYB genes also contributed to lateral roots formation of tea plants through secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) results showed that the auxin concentration increased with the decreased nitrogen level in lateral roots. Thus, tea plant lateral roots formation could be induced by low nitrogen concentration via auxin biosynthesis and accumulation. Conclusion: This study provided insights into the mechanisms associated with nitrogen and auxin signaling pathways in LRs formation and provides information on the efficient utilization of nitrogen in tea plant at the genetic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]