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This study examined how parental expectations were associated with Chinese-Norwegian dual language learners' Chinese language skills. A total of 118 Chinese parents in Norway completed a questionnaire in which they reported their expectations for their children's Chinese language development, characteristics of the home literacy environment (resources and practices), and children's Chinese language skills. The children were ages 1;6–14;0 (M = 6;2, SD = 2;6) and spoke Chinese at home while learning Norwegian in preschool and school. We found that parental expectations positively linked to parent-reported Chinese language skills. Moreover, this link was partially a factor of children's Chinese home literacy environment. The results suggest that parents who manifested their expectations by facilitating a rich home literacy environment (i.e., children's books and activities like shared reading, storytelling, listening to songs, online chatting with Chinese relatives, and playing with Chinese friends) supported their children's Chinese language skills. By documenting parents' efforts and their association with improved language outcomes, this study adds nuance to our understanding of the high expectations set by Chinese immigrant parents, and provides implications for parents, teachers, and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transient absorption spectroscopy was utilized to monitor ultrafast carrier dynamics in conductive and semi-insulating 6H-SiC wafers. By tuning the excitation wavelength around the bandgap of 6H-SiC (365–400 nm), the surface and bulk recombination processes could be accordingly distinguished. Simultaneously, the locations of surface and defect states in the bandgap were inferred by investigating the evolution of transient absorption spectra for different photoexcited carrier distributions. Vanadium (V) doping had a notable modulation on transient absorption in semi-insulating 6H-SiC, resulting from an additional decay process induced by carrier capturing of V deep levels. The carrier lifetimes induced by various recombination mechanisms were determined and interpreted unequivocally by global analysis and simplified model. The time constant via bulk capturing (∼400 ps) was three orders of magnitude faster than that via inherent defects. Controlling the lifetime by excitation wavelength and doping conditions is essential for fabricating 6H-SiC-based ultrafast photonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the combined effects of coal fly ash (FA) and CO 2 curing on the flexural strength, compressive strength, and water resistance of magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC). Additionally, the hydration products and microstructure of MKPC and MKPC-FA blends are examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mercury injection porosity (MIP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that carbonation curing effectively improves the mechanical strength and water resistance of MKPC-FA blends by refining the pore structure and reducing porosity. Incorporating fly ash into magnesium phosphate cement leads to a longer setting time and appropriate enhancement in the water resistance of MKPC-FA blends. It should be mentioned that the mechanical strength of MKPC-FA blends declines with increasing fly ash content, and carbonation curing can partially ameliorate these negative effects. Therefore, both incorporating fly ash and storing carbon dioxide have positive effects on the durability and environmental sustainability aspects associated with MKPC preparation. • Fly ash reduces the fluidity of MKPC and prolongs the setting time. • Carbonation curing can improve water resistance of magnesium potassium phosphate cement. • Carbonation curing promotes the formation of struvite-K, densifying the internal structure of MKPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]