Search

This paper studies the cognitive broadcast channel in which the primary user communicates to the primary receiver, while the secondary user has noncausal knowledge of the primary radio's codeword and expects to communicate to two secondary receivers. Comparing with the existing cognitive radio channel which considers only one secondary receiver, cognitive broadcast channel studies the case that there are multiple secondary receivers. To this end, we investigate the fundamental limits of the performance of the Gaussian cognitive broadcast channel from the information theoretic perspective. Specifically, we derive the capacity region of the Gaussian cognitive degraded broadcast channel with weak interference.

Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important crop worldwide challenged by a number of pests which cause enormous yield loss.Although extensive cultivation of transgenic Bt cotton has decreased the population growth of the most destructive pest,cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera),the secondary pest like mirid bug has become a primary pest.In addition to the evolution of Bt toxin resistance in cotton bollworm,it is urgent to develop environment friendly and plant-derived pesticides for the integrated pest management.Induction of plant defense against pests is very common among higher plants.Jasmonic acid(JA) is a kind of plant growth regulator with a variety of biological function except for induced plant defense against herbivores.The objectives of the current study were to investigate the dosage-and exposure time-dependent induction of defense-related secondary metabolites and antinutritive/antidigestive enzymes in cotton seedlings by exogenous application of JA.The potential pest control nature of induced defense in seedlings of conventional cotton plants by JA was also discussed in terms of the fecundity,developmental time,mortality and parasitism of insects.We hypothesized that,as a ubiquitous phytohormone,JA should regulate the induced plant defense in cotton like those in some model plants including mustard,tobacco and tomato by increasing the contents of some feeding deterrent secondary metabolites and the activity of enzymes responsible for their synthesis,as well as the activities of antinutritive and antidigestive enzymes.Results of the present study suggested that 0.01 mmol/L,0.1 mmol/L,and 1.0 mmol/L JA were effective concentrations in priming the pest resistance nature of six-foliage cotton seedlings within two weeks in terms of enhanced contents of cotton tannin and protease inhibitors(PIs) and increased activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT).In comparison,0.1 mmol/L jasmonic acid was more effective in inducing PIs,PPO,POD and CAT than the other two concentrations tested,while 0.1 mmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L JA were equally powerful in priming tannin and PAL,and both JA concentrations were more effective than 0.01 mmol/L JA.We also found that JA concentration,time after JA exposure and their interaction have significant effects on tannin content,PPO activity and POD activity,and that JA concentration and time after JA exposure have significant effect on PIs content and PAL activity,while JA concentration and its interaction with exposure time after JA exposure have significant effects on CAT activity.In addition,analysis of the duration of JA-mediated defense suggested that the optimal induction effects occurred one day after JA treatment for POD,7 d for PIs,14 d for tannin,1 d and 7 d for PPO,7 d and 14 d for PAL,while no significance was observed for CAT.In summary,JA can enhance cotton defense against insects by the induction of defense-related chemicals like tannin,some antinutritive/antidigestive enzymes like PPO,POD,CAT,and enzyme related to the synthesis of tannin like PAL.Future work should focus on the real effects of induced defense against insects in terms of the feeding behavior,oviposition preference,ecological immunity,detoxification capacity,and tritrophic interaction among cotton plant,herbivore insects and natural enemies,thereby facilitating the discovery of the physiological,ecological and biochemical basis of JA-induced plant defense.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of supplementing golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) eggs powder (EP) in the diet as a source of natural carotenoids on survival, pigmentation and antioxidant activity of Blood parrot. A total of 90 fish were divided into three treatment groups with three replicates per treatment. Blood parrot were fed with diets containing 0 (control), 5 % (EP 5 %), and 15 % (EP 15 %) dry powder of golden apple snail egg for 60 days, and nine fish per group were sampled at 20, 40, and 60 days. No differences in survival of the fish among treatments were found throughout the experiment. The body coloration of Blood parrot was enhanced in the skin and caudal fin with increasing content of golden apple snail egg powder in the diet. At the end of the experiment, the carotenoid content in the caudal fin and the number of scale chromatophores of the fish fed dietary with EP were higher (P 0.05) in CAT activities. Results demonstrated that golden apple snail eggs can be used as a colorant to promote the pigmentation efficacy of Blood parrot.

Motivated by some preliminary works about general solution of impulsive system with fractional derivative, the generalized impulsive differential equations with Caputo-Hadamard fractional derivative of q∈C (R(q)∈(1,2)) are further studied by analyzing the limit case (as impulses approach zero) in this paper. The formulas of general solution are found for the impulsive systems.

Yang, Shiyong, Zhang, Xiuyue, Liu, Xiaoshuai, Hu, Jiaxiang, Wang, Yingqin, Du, Zongjun, Yan, Taiming (2014): Chorion surface ultrastructure of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus: adaptation to the environment and correlation with the reproductive strategy. Journal of Natural History 48 (35-36): 2207-2218, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.925597, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.925597

Location privacy is an important concern in VANETS. Anonymity is one of commonly adopted solution to protect location privacy. In this paper, we present a mechanism based on an ID-based cryptosystem in order to ensure vehicles' anonymity by pseudonyms. In this mechanism, we adopt Pseudonyms Synchronously Change () scheme, which improves anonymity. In our schemes, vehicles change pseudonym at different times and locations. Performance evaluations demonstrate our schemes have superior performance on location privacy preservation.