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202. AN AUTOMATED BOTTOM UP HYDROLOGIC CODING SYSTEM FOR DENDRITIC RIVER SYSTEM

Author

Chang Ming Li, P. D. Wu, Z. X. Dai, and Y. Yin

Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:T, Drainage basin, lcsh:TA1501-1820, Estuary, Top-down and bottom-up design, STREAMS, lcsh:Technology, Coding system, lcsh:TA1-2040, Tributary, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Geology, Coding (social sciences), Main stem
Abstract

The hydrologic coding of a dendritic river system can be used to indicate the stream order and spatial-structure features of a river system. However, most conventional hydrologic coding systems use a top down (i.e., from the source to the estuary) approach, which does not accurately reflect the hierarchies of a dendritic river system. Based on Gravelius’ definition of stream order, we have proposed an automated bottom up (i.e., traced from the estuary to the source) coding system for dendritic river systems. Firstly, directed topology trees are constructed to organize the data of a river network, followed by the calculation of stroke connections to construct river entities and identify the main stem. Secondly, the river system is then progressively coded from the estuary up to the source according to the definition of stream order in our system. Finally, actual topographic map data of a river system in some regions of Hubei Province are used to comparatively validate our hydrologic coding system against Horton’s coding system. The experimental results demonstrate that our coding system is very effective in highlighting hierarchies formed by catchment relationships. Our method is also found to be suitable for the selection of streams in topologically shallow dendritic river systems with uniformly distributed tributaries.

Published
2019
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203. AGGREGATION IN LAND-COVER DATA GENERALIZATION CONSIDERING SPATIAL STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS

Author

Xinzhao Liu, Y. Yin, P. D. Wu, and C. M. Li

Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, Cartographic generalization, Current (mathematics), Spatial structure, Computer science, Generalization, lcsh:T, 05 social sciences, Perspective (graphical), 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0507 social and economic geography, Boundary (topology), lcsh:TA1501-1820, 02 engineering and technology, Land cover, computer.software_genre, lcsh:Technology, Transformation (function), lcsh:TA1-2040, Data mining, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 050703 geography, computer, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract

Aggregation is an important operation for the generalization of land-cover data. However, current research often entails aggregation on a global perspective, which is not conducive to capturing the spatial characteristics of geographic objects with significant spatial structures, i.e., structured geographic objects. Hence this paper proposes an area aggregation method that can maintain the boundary characteristics of the structured geographic objects. First, we identify the structured geographic objects based on the description parameters of the spatial structure. Second, a Miter-type buffer transformation is introduced to extract the boundary of each structured geographic object, and area elements inside the boundary are processed with corresponding aggregation operations. Finally, the boundary of the structured geographic objects and the aggregation result of the area elements are inserted back into the aggregated result of the original land-cover data using the NOT operation. The proposed approach is experimentally validated using geographical condition census data for a city in southern China. The experimental result indicates that the proposed approach not only reasonably identify the typical characteristics of structured geographic objects but also effectively maintains the boundary characteristics of these objects.

Published
2019

204. Revision of a CHF correlation for PWR under low pressure conditions with only dimensionless parameters as independent variables

Author

S. Feng, Y. Yin, and B. Pang

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Variables, Materials science, Critical heat flux, media_common.quotation_subject, Mechanics, Core (optical fiber), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nuclear reactor core, Heat flux, General Materials Science, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, media_common, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract

Accurate prediction of the critical heat flux (CHF) is one of the key tasks of PWR core design and safety assessment, for the maximal allowable heat flux in the reactor core is limited by CHF. Since CHF in rod bundle cannot be predicted analytically, up-to-date predictive approach is based on empirical correlations related to the local thermal-hydraulic conditions, geometry and power distribution. However, development of CHF correlation for PWR fuel assemblies under low pressure conditions (2–10 MPa) is constrained by limited amount of experimental data points, which builds up in statistics a typical problem of small sample amounts, but requiring simultaneously high prediction accuracy. In our previous study, stepwise regression method was applied to develop a dimensional, empirical CHF correlation for PWR under low pressure conditions, termed as the advanced low pressure CHF correlation (ALPC), which successfully solves the challenge of small sample problem. However, the ALPC correlation still uses dimensional independent variables with less physical meanings, which limits its physical interpretability. In the current study, stepwise regression method was used to develop a revised, dimensionless version of the ALPC CHF correlation. First, various dimensionless, two-phase thermal-hydraulic parameters that might influence CHF were selected as candidate independent variables. With stepwise regression, the form and coefficients of the revised CHF correlation were optimized in a dynamic manner. Compared to the current ALPC correlation, the revised version developed in this study possesses a similar simple form but a much higher prediction accuracy. Revision of the ALPC correlation demonstrates clearly the advantages of utilizing dimensionless parameters as independent variables in CHF correlation, which points out a new direction of developing rod-bundle CHF correlations for engineering purpose.

Published
2019
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205. Correlation of damage after first cycle with overall fatigue resistance of refractory castable concrete

Author

K. Andreev, Naveen Shetty, M. De Smedt, Els Verstrynge, and Y. Yin

Subjects
Cyclic stress, Materials science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Modulus, Fatigue testing, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, 0201 civil engineering, Fatigue resistance, Refractory, Acoustic emission, 021105 building & construction, General Materials Science, Composite material, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Cyclic thermal loads experienced in service by castable refractory concrete often cause fatigue failure. Displacement controlled cyclic fatigue measurements were performed on samples of corundum-andalusite refractory concrete at room temperature and at 1000 °C. The aim was to correlate the damage introduced in the first cycle (primary damage) and the overall fatigue performance. Damage was quantified by acoustic emission, dynamic Young’s modulus and irreversible strains. Regarding the amplitude, three zones of fatigue resistance demonstrating specific degradation patterns were seen. The magnitude and microstructural type of primary damage correlates with the zones and can explain the patterns. Samples with higher primary damage demonstrate lower number of cycles to failure. Primary damage based limits seem to be able to determine the boundary loads for the zones of fatigue resistance.

Published
2019
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206. Neural stem cells promote glioblastoma formation in nude mice

Author

X. Yu, Y. Yin, Yun-qian Guan, J. Liu, H. Meng, Jian Wang, L. Chen, Z. Zhao, Anhua Wu, and G. Sun

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Immunocytochemistry, Mice, Nude, Subventricular zone, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Stem Cells, SOX2, Cell Movement, Cancer stem cell, Cell Line, Tumor, Lateral Ventricles, medicine, Animals, reproductive and urinary physiology, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Wound Healing, business.industry, SOXB1 Transcription Factors, Neurogenesis, General Medicine, Neural stem cell, nervous system diseases, Ki-67 Antigen, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Immunohistochemistry, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, Glioblastoma, Wound healing, business
Abstract

Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been characterized with the ability of self-renewal and neurogenesis, which has inspired lots of studies to clarify the functions of NSCs in neural injury, ischemic stroke, brain inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. We focused on the relationship of NSCs with glioblastoma, since we have discovered that recurrent glioblastomas were inclined to be derived from subventricular zone (SVZ), where NSCs reside. We want to clarify whether NSCs are involved in glioblastoma relapse. Immunocytochemistry was used to confirm the stemness of NSCs. The Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to measure the proliferation of cells. Migration abilities were examined by wound healing and transwell assays, and tumor formation abilities were confirmed in nude mice. We found in experiments that NSCs promoted proliferation of a glioblastoma cell line-Ln229, the migration ability of Ln229 cells was motivated by co-cultured with NSCs. Tumor formation of Ln229 cells was also accelerated in nude mice when co-transplanted with NSCs. In immunohistochemistry, we found that the Sox2- and Ki67-positive cells were much higher in co-transplanted groups than that of control groups. These results imply the potential role that NSCs play in speeding up tumor formation in the process of glioblastoma relapse, providing the basis for dealing with newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients, which may help postpone the recurrence of glioblastoma as far as possible through preprocessing the tumor-adjacent SVZ tissue.

Published
2019
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207. Redistribution of trace gases by convective clouds - mixed-phase processes

Author

Y. Yin, K. S. Carslaw, and D. J. Parker

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The efficiency of gas transport to the free and upper troposphere in convective clouds is investigated in an axisymmetric dynamic cloud model with detailed microphysics. In particular, we examine the sensitivity of gas transport to the treatment of gas uptake by different ice hydrometeors. Two parameters are used to describe this uptake. The gas retention coefficient defines the fraction of dissolved gas that is retained in an ice particle upon freezing, which includes also the riming process. We also define a gas burial efficiency defining the amount of gas entrapped in ice crystals growing by vapour diffusion. Model calculations are performed for continental and maritime clouds using a complete range of gas solubilities, retention coefficients and burial efficiencies. The results show that the magnitude of the gas retention coefficient is much more important for gas transport in maritime clouds than in continental clouds. The cause of this difference lies in the different microphysical processes dominating the formation and evolution of hydrometeors in the two cloud types. For highly soluble gases, the amount of gas transported to the free troposphere in maritime clouds falls approximately linearly by a factor of 12 as the retention coefficient is varied between 0 and 1. Gas transport is relatively insensitive to the magnitude of the gas burial efficiency. However, the burial efficiency strongly controls the concentration of trace gases inside anvil ice crystals, which subsequently form cirrus clouds.

Published
2002

209. Relativistic high-order harmonic generation by a femto-second radially polarized laser pulse irradiating a ring plasma grating

Author

S J Zhang, H B Zhuo, Y Yin, D B Zou, N Zhao, and W M Zhou

Subjects
Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

A novel scheme for generating relativistic high-order harmonics by a relativistic radially polarized laser interacting with a plasma annular grating is proposed. The particle-in-cell results show that the radial laser field can drive the relativistic electron bunches to oscillate radially in all azimuth directions, resulting in the emission of strong harmonics. Firstly, the interference of the laser field on the plasma grating structure significantly enhances the radiated harmonics which match the phase conditions. Secondly, due to the common ring symmetry of the grating structure and laser polarization, the transverse distribution of harmonics presents a Bessel form, and there is a sharp bright spot in the center with relativistic intensity. Such high-intensity short-wave structured harmonics have broad applications in areas such as plasma diagnostics, high resolution imaging and detection.

Published
2022
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210. Functional objectives decision-making of discrete manufacturing system based on integrated ant colony optimization and particle swarm optimization approach

Author

Y. Yin and W. Xu

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Discrete manufacturing, Mathematical optimization, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Ant colony optimization algorithms, Particle swarm optimization, 02 engineering and technology, Management Science and Operations Research, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Management of Technology and Innovation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing
Published
2018
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211. Simulation of trace gas redistribution by convective clouds - Liquid phase processes

Author

Y. Yin, D. J. Parker, and K. S. Carslaw

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A two-dimensional dynamic cloud model with detailed microphysics and a spectral treatment of gas scavenging was used to simulate trace gas vertical redistribution in precipitating continental and maritime clouds. A general picture of gas transport in such clouds has been developed by examining the sensitivity to a range of parameters, including cloud dynamic and microphysical structure, gas solubility, and the method of calculating gas uptake by droplets. Gases with effective Henry's law constants (H*) ranging from zero to greater than 109 mol dm-3 atm-1 were simulated. The abundance of highly soluble gases in the uppermost parts (top 1 km or so) of continental precipitating clouds was found to be as much as 20-50% of that of the insoluble tracer under conditions where the mixing ratio of the tracer was approximately 5% of its boundary layer value. The abundance of highly soluble gases was approximately 6 times higher in the uppermost parts of the continental cloud than in the maritime cloud, due to differences in wet removal efficiency in the two cloud types. A fully kinetic calculation of gas uptake, as opposed to assuming Henry's law equilibrium, was found to have a significant effect on gas transport, with the abundance of highly soluble gases in the uppermost parts of the cloud being a factor of 5 lower in the equilibrium simulations. The temperature dependence of the Henry's law constant was also found to be an important parameter in determining the abundance of soluble gases at cloud top, with the abundance of moderately soluble gases being as much as 70% lower when the temperature dependence of H* was included. This reduction in abundance was found to be equivalent to increasing the temperature-independent solubility by a factor of 7. The vertical transport of soluble gases could be parameterized in large-scale models by normalizing against the transport of tracers. However, our results suggest that there is no straightforward scaling factor, particularly if small concentrations of highly soluble gases in the upper troposphere need to be defined.

Published
2001

213. Systematic study and uncertainty evaluation of $P,T$-odd molecular enhancement factors in BaF

Author

Y. Yin, V. R. Marshall, Ephraim Eliav, A. Boeschoten, Kevin Esajas, Lorenz Willmann, Kees Steinebach, A. Touwen, Miroslav Iliaš, Diewertje J. Doeglas, Parul Aggarwal, Wim Ubachs, Hendrick L. Bethlem, Pi A. B. Haase, Thomas B. Meijknecht, Yongliang Hao, Maarten C. Mooij, Anastasia Borschevsky, Steven Hoekstra, Rob G. E. Timmermans, Atoms, Molecules, Lasers, LaserLaB - Physics of Light, High-Energy Frontier, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and G, and Precision Frontier

Subjects
Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Physics, Electronic correlation, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Diatomic molecule, Physics - Atomic Physics, Electric dipole moment, Coupled cluster, Physics - Chemical Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Nucleon, Relativistic quantum chemistry, Ground state
Abstract

A measurement of the magnitude of the electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM) larger than that predicted by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is expected to have a huge impact on the search for physics beyond the SM. Polar diatomic molecules containing heavy elements experience enhanced sensitivity to parity (P) and time-reversal (T)-violating phenomena, such as the eEDM and the scalar-pseudoscalar (S-PS) interaction between the nucleons and the electrons, and are thus promising candidates for measurements. The NL-eEDM collaboration is preparing an experiment to measure the eEDM and S-PS interaction in a slow beam of cold BaF molecules [P. Aggarwal et al., Eur. Phys. J. D 72, 197 (2018)]. Accurate knowledge of the electronic structure parameters, Wd and Ws, connecting the eEDM and the S-PS interaction to the measurable energy shifts is crucial for the interpretation of these measurements. In this work, we use the finite field relativistic coupled cluster approach to calculate the Wd and Ws parameters in the ground state of the BaF molecule. Special attention was paid to providing a reliable theoretical uncertainty estimate based on investigations of the basis set, electron correlation, relativistic effects, and geometry. Our recommended values of the two parameters, including conservative uncertainty estimates, are 3.13 ±0.12×1024Hzecm for Wd and 8.29 ± 0.12 kHz for Ws

Published
2021
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217. LINC01093 promotes proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells via targeting akt signaling pathway

Author

Z-X, Wang, Z-N, Xu, H-B, Sun, Y, Wang, Z-F, Han, Y, Yu, X-L, Han, Y-Y, Yin, and L, Xu

Subjects
Lung Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Humans, RNA, Long Noncoding, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Cells, Cultured, Cell Proliferation, Signal Transduction
Abstract

To explore the expression of LINC01093, a long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, and cells and its regulatory role in NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion.The expression of LINC01093 in NSCLC tissues and cells was detected via quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) experiment. The specific sequences interfering in LINC01093 were designed and transiently transfected into A549 and SPCA-1 cells using LipofectamineTM 2000, and 48 later, the transfection efficiency was detected. Moreover, the impacts of small interfering (si)-LINC01093 on NSCLC cell proliferation were observed via methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and colony forming assays, the influence of LINC01093 on the cycle distribution of NSCLC cells was determined through flow cytometry, and the changes in the invasion and migration abilities of NSCLC cells were evaluated via transwell assay after interfering in the expression of LINC01093. Finally, the expression changes of the molecular markers in the protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in the downstream of LINC01093 were detected via Western blotting.According to the results of qRT-PCR, the relative expression level of LINC01093 was up-regulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. After interfering in the expression of LINC01093, the results of MTT and colony forming assays revealed that the proliferation ability of NSCLC cells was weakened, according to the findings in the flow cytometry, the cells were arrested in G1/0 phase, the transwell assay results manifested that the cell migration and invasion abilities were weakened, and the results of the Western blotting suggested the changes in the expressions of molecular markers in the Akt signaling pathway.The expression of LINC01093 is upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, and it facilitates the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of NSCLC cells via the Akt signaling pathway.

Published
2021

218. [ACTG2 associated visceral myopathy with intestinal pseudoobstruction]

Author

M X, Shen, C, Zhao, Y J, Wang, X W, Xin, Y, Yin, and Y P, Jin

Subjects
Phenotype, Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction, Humans, Actins
Abstract

1岁11月龄患儿以腹胀、呕吐起病，临床表现为腹腔高压综合征、重度营养不良，腹部影像学检查提示肠梗阻，剖腹探查见所有肠道严重扩张，未见机械性梗阻，回肠造瘘术后仍有腹胀，后全外显子组基因检测提示为ACTG2基因c.769CT； p.Arg257Cys突变，诊断为原发性内脏肌病致假性肠梗阻。该病临床罕见，预后差，目前以对症支持治疗为主。当患儿出现顽固性难治性腹胀且排除机械性肠梗阻时，需考虑此病，早期基因检测可明确诊断。.

Published
2021

219. Ground Fault Protection of Microgrid Interconnection Lines Using Distance Relay with Residual Voltage Compensation

Author

Z. Zhang, Y. Yin, Yong Fu, and A. Zamani

Subjects
Interconnection, Engineering, business.industry, Residual-current device, Protective relay, Electrical engineering, Communications system, Fault (power engineering), law.invention, Relay, law, Microgrid, business, Transformer
Abstract

Protection of utility feeders that supplies an ungrounded/impedance-grounded Microgrids (MGs) or Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) is a challenging task, especially for Single-Line-to-Ground (SLG) faults. Normally, the interconnection line can be protected using: (i) a Direct Transfer Trip (DTT) from the utility station and/or (ii) an over-voltage relay (59G) energized by a broken-delta potential transformer on the utility side of the interconnection transformer. However, the cost associated with the installation of a communication system to enable DTT scheme can be excessive. Further, proper settings of the 59G relay to ensure selectivity is not always possible, that is, longer operating times will be required to make sure the protection will not operate for an external fault. More importantly, an SLG fault on the utility feeder is seen as a phase-to-phase fault by the interconnection relay at the MG/DER side of the connection with lower fault current, which makes the interconnection protection more challenging.This paper studies the use of phase distance relay at the MG/DER side of the interconnection transformer to provide coordinated protection against ground faults on the utility side. The apparent impedance measured by the phase distance relay is not accurate if traditional methods are used. The study shows the closer the fault to the relay, the higher the apparent impedance seen by the relay. Therefore, it is proposed to utilize residual voltage compensation method to solve this issue such that the phase distance relay can correctly identify the SLG fault, accurately measure the apparent impedance, determine the fault location, and reliably isolate the fault without jeopardizing the stability of downstream system (i.e., MG/DER) and/or causing dangerous overvoltage/arcing conditions.

Published
2021
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222. A supersonic laser ablation beam source with narrow velocity spreads

Author

Robertus Timmermans, Y. Yin, Artem Zapara, Hendrick L. Bethlem, Parul Aggarwal, V. R. Marshall, Yongliang Hao, Klaus-Peter Jungmann, Kevin Esajas, A. Touwen, Lorenz Willmann, Thomas B. Meijknecht, Wim Ubachs, A. Boeschoten, Maarten C. Mooij, Anastasia Borschevsky, Steven Hoekstra, Atoms, Molecules, Lasers, LaserLaB - Physics of Light, Precision Frontier, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and G, and High-Energy Frontier

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Argon, Laser ablation, Materials science, Relative velocity, chemistry.chemical_element, Steradian, Barium, Rotational temperature, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, chemistry, Laser cooling, 0103 physical sciences, Supersonic speed, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, Atomic physics, Instrumentation
Abstract

A supersonic beam source for SrF and BaF molecules is constructed by combining the expansion of carrier gas (a mixture of 2% SF6 and 98% argon) from an Even-Lavie valve with laser ablation of a barium/strontium metal target at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Molecular beams with a narrow translational velocity spread are produced at relative values of Δv/v = 0.053(11) and 0.054(9) for SrF and BaF, respectively. The relative velocity spread of the beams produced in our source is lower in comparison with the results from other metal fluoride beams produced in supersonic laser ablation sources. The rotational temperature of BaF is measured to be 3.5 K. The source produces 6 × 108 and 107 molecules per steradian per pulse in the X2ς+ (ν = 0, N = 1) state of BaF and SrF molecules, respectively, a state amenable to Stark deceleration and laser cooling.

Published
2021
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223. EGFR testing patterns and detection of EGFR exon 20 insertions among patients with NSCLC in the US

Author

Y Yin, V Crossland, Y Wu, E Curran, S Ou, and H M Lin

Subjects
Exon, business.industry, Cancer research, Medicine, General Medicine, business
Abstract

Introduction/Objective Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR exon 20 insertions (EGFRex20ins), a rare subset of EGFR mutations, are refractory to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. With the development of targeted therapies for EGFRex20ins, such as mobocertinib, molecular testing is required to optimize treatment. A better understanding of real-world EGFR detection patterns is needed to maximize patient outcomes. Methods/Case Report This retrospective study describes EGFR testing and EGFRex20ins detection patterns in patients with NSCLC in the United States. The Flatiron Health electronic health record database was used to identify patients ≥18 years, with advanced NSCLC, and with ≥2 clinic visits between 01/01/2011 and 12/31/2020. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, EGFR testing, and EGFRex20ins detection rates by sex, race, and smoking history were summarized. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) A total of 67,281 patients with NSCLC were identified. EGFR testing increased from 44% in 2011 to 77% in 2020. Of all patients, 44,926 (66.8%) were tested: 50.8% female; 3.3% Asian; 16.0% never-smokers. Of all patients, 22,355 (33.2%) were not tested: 41.4% female; 1.2% Asian; 7.5% never-smokers. Of those tested, 6,245 (13.9%) patients had EGFR mutations: 65.9% female; 11.8% Asian; 48.4% never-smokers. EGFRex20ins detection rates changed from 0.6% in 2011 to 1.0% in 2019 and 0.7% in 2020. Of those tested, 304 patients had EGFRex20ins: 58.2% female; 8.2% Asian; 50.3% never-smokers. EGFR testing was higher in females (71.2%) than males (62.8%), never-smokers (84.5%) than those with a smoking history (64.6%), and Asian patients (84.2%) than White (66.6%), Black (65.4%), or other patients (69.5%). Of those tested, EGFRex20ins mutations were detected in 0.8% of females (males: 0.6%), 2.2% of never-smokers (with smoking history: 0.4%), and 1.7% of Asians (White: 0.6%, Black: 0.6%, other patients: 0.7%) had EGFRex20ins. A similar trend was observed for EGFR mutations with higher proportions of females, never-smokers, and Asian patients affected. Conclusion EGFR testing and EGFRex20ins detection rates have increased. However, not all patient subgroups were tested at the same rate and undertesting occurred in all subgroups. Further education of specialists diagnosing NSCLC is warranted to ensure all patients receive biomarker testing and benefit from emerging EGFRex20ins- targeted therapies.

Published
2021
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224. 1222P A blood-based DNA methylation risk score (RS) for predicting the prognosis of EGFR mutation positive (EGFRm) advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after first-line TKI treatment

Author

G. Liu, J. Qin, Baorui Liu, D. Shi, L. Zhai, X. Feng, Y. Yin, and B. Zhao

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, First line, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Hematology, medicine.disease, Egfr mutation, Internal medicine, DNA methylation, Medicine, business
Published
2021
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225. 1211P Indirect comparison of mobocertinib and standard of care in platinum-pretreated patients with NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion

Author

Duc Minh Nguyen, H. Lin, J-L. Hong, M. Mehta, S. Jin, Y. Yin, Joel W. Neal, Jianchang Lin, and S-H.I. Ou

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Standard of care, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Hematology, Indirect comparison, Exon, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Platinum, business
Published
2021
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226. [A young male with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 misdiagnosed as viral myocarditis]

Author

M, Guo, Z, Xue, H M, Yao, Y P, Jia, J B, Qin, and Y, Yin

Subjects
Male, Myocarditis, Humans, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a, Diagnostic Errors
Abstract

该文报道1例误诊为病毒性心肌炎的多发性内分泌腺瘤患者，通过生化检查、影像学检查、基因检测及病理检查确诊，及时手术切除后患者病情好转。该文结合文献探讨了该例多发性内分泌腺瘤患者的诊断依据及治疗方案，以期为临床诊疗提供参考。.

Published
2021

227. Long-Term Outcome of Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Keratopigmentation

Author

Keith A. Walter and Han Y. Yin

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Corneal Stroma, Vision Disorders, Visual Acuity, Visual disability, Refraction, Ocular, Ophthalmology, Cornea, medicine, Humans, Iris (anatomy), Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Tattooing, Pigmentation, business.industry, Middle Aged, Laser assisted, eye diseases, Pigment deposition, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Iris Diseases, Femtosecond, Female, Laser Therapy, sense organs, Corneal tattooing, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

PURPOSE To describe a long-term outcome of a new technique using the femtosecond laser to assist with keratopigmentation (corneal tattooing). METHOD Nineteen eyes of 18 patients with a history of significant visual disability related to iris defects underwent femtosecond laser-assisted keratopigmentation (FAK) for functional restoration of their visual disabilities. Postoperative visual acuity and symptomatic resolution were collected during their postoperative visits. RESULTS After FAK surgery, all patients had improvement in their previous visual-related symptoms. Eighteen of 19 eyes (94%) had improvement in their best-corrected Snellen visual acuity. Eight of 19 eyes (42%) had at least 1 line improvement, 8 of 19 eyes (42%) had at least 2 lines of improvement, and 2 of 19 eyes (10%) had at least 3 lines improvement. The average follow-up period was approximately 60 months. CONCLUSIONS The FAK technique offers a long-term effective and safe technique for visual disabilities and improves visual acuity in patients with various traumatic iris defects.

Published
2021
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231. Primary results from IMpassion131, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised phase III trial of first-line paclitaxel with or without atezolizumab for unresectable locally advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer

Author

D. Miles, J. Gligorov, F. André, D. Cameron, A. Schneeweiss, C. Barrios, B. Xu, A. Wardley, D. Kaen, L. Andrade, V. Semiglazov, M. Reinisch, S. Patel, M. Patre, L. Morales, S.L. Patel, M. Kaul, T. Barata, J. O’Shaughnessy, Q. Zhang, Z. Shao, X. Wang, C. Geng, X. Yan, Z. Tong, K. Shen, Y. Yin, T. Sun, J. Yang, J. Feng, M. Yan, Y. Wang, Q. Liu, S. Zhang, M. De Laurentiis, A. Santoro, V. Guarneri, M. Colleoni, C. Natoli, L. Cortesi, S. Placido, L. Gianni, F. Ferrau, L. Livi, A. Zambelli, L. Del Mastro, G. Tonini, F. Montemurro, G. Bianchi, R. Pedersini, S. Prete, G. Allegrini, G. Naso, P. Vici, D. Loirat, A. Mailliez, F. Priou, O. Tredan, F. Dalenc, C. Perrin, M. Timar David, N. Dohollou, L. Teixeira, F. Brocard, A. Arnaud, S. Delaloge, J.-P. Spano, L. Mansi, F. Damian, J. Pedrini, S. Aleixo, R. Hegg, R. Junior, M. Schmidt, C. Wenzel, E.-M. Grischke, M. Just, N. Harbeck, C. Schumacher, U. Peters, D. Fischer, H. Forstbauer, R. Liersch, E. Warner, N. Bouganim, C. Doyle, J. Price Hiller, T. Vandenberg, M. Pavic, A. Robinson, G. Roldan Urgoiti, N. Califaretti, A. Alacacioglu, M. Gumus, B. Yalcin, I. Cicin, F. Kose, K. Uygun, M. Kaplan, E. Cubukcu, M. Harries, D. Doval, S. Gupta, P. Mohapatra, S. Chatterjee, N. Ghadyalpatil, M. Singhal, S. Nag, A. Agarwal, I. Wolf, E. Gal Yam, R. Yerushalmi, T. Peretz, G. Fried, N. Ben Baruch, D. Katz, E. Hamilton, F. Kayali, A. Brufsky, M. Telli, G. Wright, R. Oyola, T. Rakowski, S. Graff, S. Tjulandin, A. Aparicio, M. Ruiz Borrego, L. Merino, J. Guerra Martinez, E. Lopez, T. Yamashita, S. Ohtani, K. Inoue, Y. Ito, N. Niikura, T. Nakayama, Y. Sagara, Y. Yanagita, Y. Kamada, K. Kaneko, A. Nervo, A. Eniu, M. Schenker, P. Priester, B. Melichar, M. Zimovjanova, P. Sormova, J. Sufliarsky, M. Kakalejcik, R. Belbaraka, H. Errihani, D. Le Than, D. Pham, G. Aravantinos, C. Papadimitriou, G. Koumakis, C. Papandreou, P. Podolski, and K. Tabane

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, PD-L1, atezolizumab, medicine.medical_specialty, advanced breast cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitor, paclitaxel, triple-negative breast cancer, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Humans, Paclitaxel, Progression-Free Survival, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Antibodies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atezolizumab, Internal medicine, Monoclonal, Clinical endpoint, Medicine, Progression-free survival, education, Humanized, Triple-negative breast cancer, education.field_of_study, Chemotherapy, Taxane, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Hematology, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business
Abstract

Background In the phase III IMpassion130 trial, combining atezolizumab with first-line nanoparticle albumin-bound-paclitaxel for advanced triple-negative breast cancer (aTNBC) showed a statistically significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefit in the intention-to-treat (ITT) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive populations, and a clinically meaningful overall survival (OS) effect in PD-L1-positive aTNBC. The phase III KEYNOTE-355 trial adding pembrolizumab to chemotherapy for aTNBC showed similar PFS effects. IMpassion131 evaluated first-line atezolizumab–paclitaxel in aTNBC. Patients and methods Eligible patients [no prior systemic therapy or ≥12 months since (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy] were randomised 2:1 to atezolizumab 840 mg or placebo (days 1, 15), both with paclitaxel 90 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, 15), every 28 days until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Stratification factors were tumour PD-L1 status, prior taxane, liver metastases and geographical region. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed PFS, tested hierarchically first in the PD-L1-positive [immune cell expression ≥1%, VENTANA PD-L1 (SP142) assay] population, and then in the ITT population. OS was a secondary endpoint. Results Of 651 randomised patients, 45% had PD-L1-positive aTNBC. At the primary PFS analysis, adding atezolizumab to paclitaxel did not improve investigator-assessed PFS in the PD-L1-positive population [hazard ratio (HR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60-1.12; P = 0.20; median PFS 6.0 months with atezolizumab–paclitaxel versus 5.7 months with placebo–paclitaxel]. In the PD-L1-positive population, atezolizumab–paclitaxel was associated with more favourable unconfirmed best overall response rate (63% versus 55% with placebo–paclitaxel) and median duration of response (7.2 versus 5.5 months, respectively). Final OS results showed no difference between arms (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.76-1.64; median 22.1 months with atezolizumab–paclitaxel versus 28.3 months with placebo–paclitaxel in the PD-L1-positive population). Results in the ITT population were consistent with the PD-L1-positive population. The safety profile was consistent with known effects of each study drug. Conclusion Combining atezolizumab with paclitaxel did not improve PFS or OS versus paclitaxel alone. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03125902.

Published
2021

236. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Author

D. KLIONSKY, A. ABDEL-AZIZ, S. ABDELFATAH, M. ABDELLATIF, A. ABDOLI, S. ABEL, H. ABELIOVICH, M. ABILDGAARD, Y. ABUDU, A. ACEVEDO-AROZENA, I. ADAMOPOULOS, K. ADELI, T. ADOLPH, A. ADORNETTO, E. AFLAKI, G. AGAM, A. AGARWAL, B. AGGARWAL, M. AGNELLO, P. AGOSTINIS, J. AGREWALA, A. AGROTIS, P. AGUILAR, S. AHMAD, Z. AHMED, U. AHUMADA-CASTRO, S. AITS, S. AIZAWA, Y. AKKOC, T. AKOUMIANAKI, H. AKPINAR, A. AL-ABD, L. AL-AKRA, A. AL-GHARAIBEH, M. ALAOUI-JAMALI, S. ALBERTI, E. ALCOCER-GOMEZ, C. ALESSANDRI, M. ALI, M. AL-BARI, S. ALIWAINI, J. ALIZADEH, E. ALMACELLAS, A. ALMASAN, A. ALONSO, G. ALONSO, N. ALTAN-BONNET, D. ALTIERI, S. ALVES, C. DA COSTA, M. ALZAHARNA, M. AMADIO, C. AMANTINI, C. AMARAL, S. AMBROSIO, A. AMER, V. AMMANATHAN, Z. AN, S. ANDERSEN, S. ANDRABI, M. ANDRADE-SILVA, A. ANDRES, S. ANGELINI, D. ANN, U. ANOZIE, M. ANSARI, P. ANTAS, A. ANTEBI, Z. ANTON, T. ANWAR, L. APETOH, N. APOSTOLOVA, T. ARAKI, Y. ARAKI, K. ARASAKI, W. ARAUJO, J. ARAYA, C. ARDEN, M. AREVALO, S. ARGUELLES, E. ARIAS, J. ARIKKATH, H. ARIMOTO, A. ARIOSA, D. ARMSTRONG-JAMES, L. ARNAUNE-PELLOQUIN, A. AROCA, D. ARROYO, I. ARSOV, R. ARTERO, D. ASARO, M. ASCHNER, M. ASHRAFIZADEH, O. ASHUR-FABIAN, A. ATANASOV, A. AU, P. AUBERGER, H. AUNER, L. AURELIAN, R. AUTELLI, L. AVAGLIANO, Y. AVALOS, S. AVEIC, C. AVELEIRA, T. AVINWITTENBERG, Y. AYDIN, S. AYTON, S. AYYADEVARA, M. AZZOPARDI, M. BABA, J. BACKER, S. BACKUES, D. BAE, O. BAE, S. BAE, E. BAEHRECKE, A. BAEK, S. BAEK, G. BAGETTA, A. BAGNIEWSKA-ZADWORNA, H. BAI, J. BAI, X. BAI, Y. BAI, N. BAIRAGI, S. BAKSI, T. BALBI, C. BALDARI, W. BALDUINI, A. BALLABIO, M. BALLESTER, S. BALAZADEH, R. BALZAN, R. BANDOPADHYAY, S. BANERJEE, Y. BAO, M. BAPTISTA, A. BARACCA, C. BARBATI, A. BARGIELA, D. BARILA, P. BARLOW, S. BARMADA, E. BARREIRO, G. BARRETO, J. BARTEK, B. BARTEL, A. BARTOLOME, G. BARVE, S. BASAGOUDANAVAR, D. BASSHAM, R. JR, A. BASU, H. BATOKO, I. BATTEN, E. BAULIEU, B. BAUMGARNER, J. BAYRY, R. BEALE, I. BEAU, F. BEAUMATIN, L. BECHARA, G. BECK, M. BEERS, J. BEGUN, C. BEHRENDS, G. BEHRENS, R. BEI, E. BEJARANO, S. BEL, C. BEHL, A. BELAID, N. BELGAREH-TOUZE, C. BELLAROSA, F. BELLEUDI, M. PEREZ, R. BELLO-MORALES, J. BELTRAN, S. BELTRAN, D. BENBROOK, M. BENDORIUS, B. BENITEZ, I. BENITO-CUESTA, J. BENSALEM, M. BERCHTOLD, S. BEREZOWSKA, D. BERGAMASCHI, M. BERGAMI, A. BERGMANN, L. BERLIOCCHI, C. BERLIOZ-TORRENT, A. BERNARD, L. BERTHOUX, C. BESIRLI, S. BESTEIRO, V. BETIN, R. BEYAERT, J. BEZBRADICA, K. BHASKAR, I. BHATIA-KISSOVA, R. BHATTACHARYA, S. BHATTACHARYA, S. BHATTACHARYYA, M. BHUIYAN, S. BHUTIA, L. BI, X. BI, T. BIDEN, K. BIJIAN, V. BILLES, N. BINART, C. BINCOLETTO, A. BIRGISDOTTIR, G. BJORKOY, G. BLANCO, A. BLAS-GARCIA, J. BLASIAK, R. BLOMGRAN, K. BLOMGREN, J. BLUM, E. BOADA-ROMERO, M. BOBAN, K. BOESZEBATTAGLIA, P. BOEUF, B. BOLAND, P. BOMONT, P. BONALDO, S. BONAM, L. BONFILI, J. BONIFACINO, B. BOONE, M. BOOTMAN, M. BORDI, C. BORNER, B. BORNHAUSER, G. BORTHAKUR, J. BOSCH, S. BOSE, L. BOTANA, J. BOTAS, C. BOULANGER, M. BOULTON, M. 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TUXWORTH, J. TYLER, E. TYUTEREVA, Y. UCHIYAMA, A. UGUNKLUSEK, H. UHLIG, I. ULASOV, M. UMEKAWA, C. UNGERMANN, R. UNNO, S. URBE, E. URIBE-CARRETERO, S. USTUN, V. UVERSKY, T. VACCARI, M. VACCARO, B. VAHSEN, H. VAKIFAHMETOGLU-NORBERG, R. VALDOR, M. VALENTE, A. VALKO, R. VALLEE, A. VALVERDE, G. VAN DEN BERGHE, S. VAN DER VEEN, L. VAN KAER, J. VAN LOOSDREGT, S. VAN WIJK, W. VANDENBERGHE, I. VANHOREBEEK, M. VANNIER-SANTOS, N. VANNINI, M. VANRELL, C. VANTAGGIATO, G. VARANO, I. VARELA-NIETO, M. VARGA, M. VASCONCELOS, S. VATS, D. VAVVAS, I. VEGANAREDO, S. VEGA-RUBIN-DE-CELIS, G. VELASCO, A. VELAZQUEZ, T. VELLAI, E. VELLENGA, F. VELOTTI, M. VERDIER, P. VERGINIS, I. VERGNE, P. VERKADE, M. VERMA, P. VERSTREKEN, T. VERVLIET, J. VERVOORTS, A. VESSONI, V. VICTOR, M. VIDAL, C. VIDONI, O. VIEIRA, R. VIERSTRA, S. VIGANO, H. VIHINEN, V. VIJAYAN, M. VILA, M. VILAR, J. VILLALBA, A. VILLALOBO, B. VILLAREJO-ZORI, F. VILLARROYA, J. VILLARROYA, O. VINCENT, C. VINDIS, C. VIRET, M. VISCOMI, D. VISNJIC, I. 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ZHANG, W. ZHANG, X. ZHANG, Y. ZHANG, Z. ZHANG, H. ZHAO, L. ZHAO, S. ZHAO, T. ZHAO, X. ZHAO, Y. ZHAO, G. ZHENG, K. ZHENG, L. ZHENG, S. ZHENG, X. ZHENG, Y. ZHENG, Z. ZHENG, B. ZHIVOTOVSKY, Q. ZHONG, A. ZHOU, B. ZHOU, C. ZHOU, G. ZHOU, H. ZHOU, J. ZHOU, K. ZHOU, R. ZHOU, X. ZHOU, Y. ZHOU, Z. ZHOU, B. ZHU, C. ZHU, G. ZHU, H. ZHU, W. ZHU, Y. ZHU, H. ZHUANG, X. ZHUANG, K. ZIENTARA-RYTTER, C. ZIMMERMANN, E. ZIVIANI, T. ZOLADEK, W. ZONG, D. ZOROV, A. ZORZANO, W. ZOU, Z. ZOU, S. ZURYN, W. ZWERSCHKE, B. BRAND-SABERI, C. KENCHAPPA, S. OSHIMA, Y. RONG, J. SLUIMER, and C. STALLINGS

Subjects
flux, macroautophagy, phagophore, stress, vacuole, Autophagosome, LC3, lysosome, neurodegeneration, cancer
Abstract

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Published
2021

238. Improved direct envelope inversion and structure-guided perturbation decomposition for salt building

Author

P. Zhang, L. Han, Y. Yin, and X. Shang

Subjects
Nonlinear system, Operator (computer programming), Computer science, Decomposition (computer science), Seismic migration, Perturbation (astronomy), Inversion (meteorology), Decomposition method (constraint satisfaction), Envelope (mathematics), Algorithm
Abstract

Summary Salt velocity building is a difficult task for conventional full waveform inversion (FWI) if there is not enough low-frequency data and prior information. The direct envelope inversion (DEI) method is quite effective for salt building in the case of seismic data lacks low-frequency information. However, in the current DEI studies, the calculation of the envelope-filed, which needs nonlinear envelope operator, does not consider the influences of wavefield overlapping, and the inversion quality of subsalt areas needs further improvements. In this paper, we analyze the effects of wavefield overlapping on the envelope-field calculation and propose a new envelope-field calculation method. Based on this, we propose a wavefield decomposition based direct envelope inversion (WDDEI) method, in which the gradient is calculated using the new envelope-field. To improve the inversion effects of subsalt structures, we propose a structure-guided perturbation decomposition method, which can separate the strong scattering salt information from the DEI result with the help of reverse time migration image. Finally, numerical tests are conducted on a modified SEG/EAGE salt model to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Published
2021
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239. Insights into interaction mechanism of inhibitors E3T, E3H and E3B with CREB binding protein by using molecular dynamics simulations and MM-GBSA calculations

Author

Junyu Zhao, Y Y Yin, S L Wu, H.Y. Li, L L Zhang, and H B Sun

Subjects
Bioengineering, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, 01 natural sciences, Molecular mechanics, symbols.namesake, Molecular dynamics, Drug Discovery, CREB-binding protein, Principal Component Analysis, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Mechanism (biology), Chemistry, Hydrogen bond, Binding protein, Hydrogen Bonding, General Medicine, Small molecule, CREB-Binding Protein, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, symbols, biology.protein, Biophysics, Molecular Medicine, van der Waals force
Abstract

CREB binding protein (CBP) and its paralog E1A binding protein (p300) are related to the development of inflammatory diseases, cancers and other diseases, and have been potential targets for the treatment of human diseases. In this work, interaction mechanism of three small molecules E3T, E3H, and E3B with CBP was investigated by employing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, principal component analysis (PCA), and molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) method. The results indicate that inhibitor bindings cause the changes of movement modes and structural flexibility of CBP, and van der Waals interactions mostly drive associations of inhibitors with CBP. In the meantime, the results based on inhibitor-residue interactions not only show that eight residues of CBP can strongly interact with E3T, E3H and E3B but also verify that the CH-CH, CH-π, and π-π interactions are responsible for vital contributions in associations of E3T, E3H and E3B with CBP. In addition, the H-O radial distribution functions (RDFs) were computed to assess the stability of hydrogen bonding interactions between inhibitors and CBP, and the obtained information identifies several key hydrogen bonds playing key roles in bindings of E3T, E3H and E3B to CBP. Potential new inhibitors have been proposed.

Published
2021
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242. Tumor long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) hypomethylation in relation to age of colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Author

Akimoto, N. (Naohiko), Zhao, M. (Melissa), Ugai, T. (Tomotaka), Zhong, R. (Rong), Lau, M. C. (Mai Chan), Fujiyoshi, K. (Kenji), Kishikawa, J. (Junko), Haruki, K. (Koichiro), Arima, K. (Kota), Twombly, T. S. (Tyler S.), Zhang, X. (Xuehong), Giovannucci, E. L. (Edward L.), Wu, K. (Kana), Song, M. (Mingyang), Chan, A. T. (Andrew T.), Cao, Y. (Yin), Meyerhardt, J. A. (Jeffrey A.), Ng, K. (Kimmie), Giannakis, M. (Marios), Väyrynen, J. P. (Juha P.), Nowak, J. A. (Jonathan A.), Ogino, S. (Shuji), Akimoto, N. (Naohiko), Zhao, M. (Melissa), Ugai, T. (Tomotaka), Zhong, R. (Rong), Lau, M. C. (Mai Chan), Fujiyoshi, K. (Kenji), Kishikawa, J. (Junko), Haruki, K. (Koichiro), Arima, K. (Kota), Twombly, T. S. (Tyler S.), Zhang, X. (Xuehong), Giovannucci, E. L. (Edward L.), Wu, K. (Kana), Song, M. (Mingyang), Chan, A. T. (Andrew T.), Cao, Y. (Yin), Meyerhardt, J. A. (Jeffrey A.), Ng, K. (Kimmie), Giannakis, M. (Marios), Väyrynen, J. P. (Juha P.), Nowak, J. A. (Jonathan A.), and Ogino, S. (Shuji)

Abstract

Evidence indicates the pathogenic role of epigenetic alterations in early-onset colorectal cancers diagnosed before age 50. However, features of colorectal cancers diagnosed at age 50–54 (hereafter referred to as “intermediate-onset”) remain less known. We hypothesized that tumor long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) hypomethylation might be increasingly more common with decreasing age of colorectal cancer diagnosis. In 1356 colorectal cancers, including 28 early-onset and 66 intermediate-onset cases, the tumor LINE-1 methylation level measured by bisulfite-PCR-pyrosequencing (scaled 0 to 100) showed a mean of 63.6 (standard deviation (SD) 10.1). The mean tumor LINE-1 methylation level decreased with decreasing age (mean 64.7 (SD 10.4) in age ≥70, 62.8 (SD 9.4) in age 55–69, 61.0 (SD 10.2) in age 50–54, and 58.9 (SD 12.0) in age <50; p < 0.0001). In linear regression analysis, the multivariable-adjusted β coefficient (95% confidence interval (CI)) (vs. age ≥70) was −1.38 (−2.47 to −0.30) for age 55–69, −2.82 (−5.29 to −0.34) for age 50–54, and −4.54 (−8.24 to −0.85) for age <50 (Ptrend = 0.0003). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for LINE-1 methylation levels of ≤45, 45–55, and 55–65 (vs. >65) were 2.33 (1.49–3.64), 1.39 (1.05–1.85), and 1.29 (1.02–1.63), respectively (Ptrend = 0.0005). In conclusion, tumor LINE-1 hypomethylation is increasingly more common with decreasing age of colorectal cancer diagnosis, suggesting a role of global DNA hypomethylation in colorectal cancer arising in younger adults.

Published
2021

243. Virulence factor-related gut microbiota genes and immunoglobulin A levels as novel markers for machine learning-based classification of autism spectrum disorder

Author

Doenyas, Ceymi, Wang, M.; Wan, J.; Zeng, S.; Cai, C.; Zhou, J.; Liu, Y.; Yin, Z.; Zhou, W., Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Tıp Araştırma Merkezi (KUTTAM), Doenyas, Ceymi, Wang, M.; Wan, J.; Zeng, S.; Cai, C.; Zhou, J.; Liu, Y.; Yin, Z.; Zhou, W., and Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Tıp Araştırma Merkezi (KUTTAM)

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition for which early identification and intervention is crucial for optimum prognosis. Our previous work showed gut Immunoglobulin A (IgA) to be significantly elevated in the gut lumen of children with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) children. Gut microbiota variations have been reported in ASD, yet not much is known about virulence factor-related gut microbiota (VFGM) genes. Upon determining the VFGM genes distinguishing ASD from TD, this study is the first to utilize VFGM genes and IgA levels for a machine learning-based classification of ASD. Sequence comparisons were performed of metagenome datasets from children with ASD (n = 43) and TD children (n = 31) against genes in the virulence factor database. VFGM gene composition was associated with ASD phenotype. VFGM gene diversity was higher in children with ASD and positively correlated with IgA content. As Group B streptococcus (GBS) genes account for the highest proportion of 24 different VFGMs between ASD and TD and positively correlate with gut IgA, GBS genes were used in combination with IgA and VFGMs diversity to distinguish ASD from TD. Given that VFGM diversity, increases in IgA, and ASD-enriched VFGM genes were independent of sex and gastrointestinal symptoms, a classification method utilizing them will not pertain only to a specific subgroup of ASD. By introducing the classification value of VFGM genes and considering that VFs can be isolated in pregnant women and newborns, these findings provide a novel machine learning-based early risk identification method for ASD., National Natural Science Foundation of China; Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project; ZJLab; Shanghai Talent Development Funding; Shenzhen Science Technology and Innovation Commission; High Level Project of Medicine in Longhua; ShenZhen; Longgang Science Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen

Published
2021

244. [Research progress on application of laboratory indicators detection of COVID-19]

Author

Q, Lu, Z Y, Wang, Y, Yin, J M, Zhao, and J, Hua

Subjects
COVID-19 Testing, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Humans, Laboratories
Abstract

The outbreak of corona virus disease-19 (corona virus disease-19, COVID-19) caused a huge human disaster from the end of 2019 which is caused by SARS-CoV-2. It will cause damage to multiple organs function in the disease occurrence and development, viral nucleic acid, antibody and serological biochemical immune indicators are mainly indicators of clinical laboratory. The results of these indicators can reflect the organs function of patients and further guide clinical treatment. In this paper, the detection and clinical application of COVID-19 laboratory indicators are reviewed.2019新型冠状病毒肺炎（Corona virus Disease 2019， COVID-19）的暴发流行给人类带来了灾难，该病发病过程中可引起多脏器功能损伤，临床实验室检测主要包括病毒核酸检测、抗体检测和血液生化免疫指标检查等，通过这些检查结果可反映患者的脏器功能，进一步指导临床治疗。本文就COVID-19实验室相关指标的检测及临床应用进行阐述。.

Published
2020

245. AB1136 PREVALENCE OF COVID-19 IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A META-ANALYSIS

Author

J. Wang, S. X. Zhang, X. Y. Yin, B. R. Zhao, Y. R. Shi, J. Y. Meng, Q. Y. Su, X. F. LI, and C. Wang

Subjects
Rheumatology, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

BackgroundNovel Coronavirus pneumonia 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic infectious disease with prominent involvement of the respiratory tract, due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)[1]. Systemic lupus erythematosus is charcterized by an aberrant immune response with the presence of circulating autoantibodies, lymphopenia, and proinflammatory[2]. They are immune-compromised and vulnerable to infections with immune-suppressants treatment. However, data regarding the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in patients with SLE and drug use were relatively scarce.ObjectivesThe prevalence of COVID-19 in SLE patients was estimated by means of meta-analysis, and the effect of the use of anti-rheumatic drugs on the clinical outcome of SLE patients with COVID-19 was investigated.MethodsCross-sectional investigations and case series on SLE and COVID-19 published by CBM, CNKI, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wan Fang Data, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Medline from its establishment to November 10, 2021 were searched. Random effects model was used to pool data. Heterogeneity and risk of bias was examined with I-squared index (I2) statistic. Inconsistency was evaluated by using the I2. Egger tests were used for the evaluation of potential publication bias (STATA v.12.0).ResultsA total of 14 studies comprising 5365 patients were identified (Table 1). Overall prevalence of COVID-19 in SLE patients was 1.5% (95%CI: 1.2%-1.8%). Eight of the studies included patients who used hydroxychloroquine as part of their treatment regimen, with 29.8% (95%CI: 25.8%-33.8%) hospitalization rates and 14.6% (95%CI: 11.5%-17.8%) adverse outcome rates. Among patients treated with hydroxychloroquine throughout the course of disease, the prevalence was 0.7% (95%CI: 0.4%-1.0%, Figure 1).Table 1.Summary of study characteristics of included records.AuthorTotal number of patientsMean/Median AgeHCQOther therapeutic drugsNumber of COVID19(n)Mean/Median AgeHCQOther therapeutic drugsHospitalization(n)supplemental oxyge(n)Combined poor outcomesGerard Espinosa40050.7GCs:47447.922GCs:12,T-DMARD:28,others:13334Emanuele Bozzalla Cassione16552.5127T-DMARD:12,others:411252.53GCs:1,others:31Ren: Cordtz253355.41170GCs:685,B-DMARD:42,T-DMARD:374,others:9261669.15GCs:416Ruth Fernandez-Ruiz226834332GCs:18,T-DMARD:5,others:5024198Zos Gendebien22551.7152GCs:92,T-DMARD:25,others:523222Wendy Wan Hui Lee8538.2858GCs:54,others:502311Giuseppe A. Ramirez, MD417others:389,combination:2891411Samar Tharwat20030.1140GCs:174,B-DMARD:4,T-DMARD:310,others:18432Dina Zucchi33247267GCs:176,B-DMARD:41,T-DMARD:118,others:118,combination:112640.36GCs:6,T-DMARD:1,others:6311Sarthak Gupta177GCs:81746.11GCs:12,T-DMARD:31022Seow Lin Chuah181838uah67Claudia Diniz Lopes Marques11033445 (31ques118GCs:134,T-DMARD:110,others:2841103578Beth Wallace31616GCs:12,others:4554 (26-67)4GCs:4,others:355Isabela Maria Bertoglio38245.138245.5206173Figure 1.A:Forest map of a meta-analysis of COVID-19 prevalence in SLE patients.B: Forest map of a meta-analysis of hospitalization rates among patients treated with hydroxychloroquine.C:Forest map of meta-analysis of the rate of adverse outcomes in patients using hydroxychloroquine as part of a treatment regimen.D:Forest map of a meta-analysis of the prevalence of patients treated with hydroxychloroquine throughout the course.ConclusionPatients with SLE had a higher risk of COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine might benefit to reduce the overall hospitalization rate and prevalence rate of COVID-19, and alleviate inflammatory damage in the chronic stage of viral infection by inhibiting over activation of the immune system.References[1]SCHULTZE J L, ASCHENBRENNER A C. COVID-19 and the human innate immune system [J]. Cell, 2021, 184(7): 1671-92.[2]KIRIAKIDOU M, CHING C L. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [J]. Ann Intern Med, 2020, 172(11): Itc81-itc96.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82001740).Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

Published
2022
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250. Efficient high-charge Laguerre-Gaussian mode conversion by using a periscopic axicon mirror

Author

S J, Zhang, H B, Zhuo, Y, Yin, D B, Zou, N, Zhao, and W M, Zhou

Subjects
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes can be converted from fundamental Gaussian mode by using phase optical elements such as spiral phase plates (SPP), but the conversion efficiency is strongly reduced in high charge plates because of the transverse intensity deviation. In this paper, a three-step scheme is proposed to dramatically improve the conversion efficiency. First, a fundamental Gaussian beam is converted to a 1st-order LG beam via a 1st-order SPP and a spatial filtering system. Then, by using a periscopic axicon mirror (PAM), the lst-order LG beam is transformed into an annular beam with larger beam radius. Finally, by using a second high-order SPP, this intensity-matched ring beam can be effectively converted to a high-charge LG 0l beam. Through optimization of the PAM's parameter, the total conversion efficiency from fundamental Gaussian beam to LG 0l mode as high as 91.85% is obtained, which is much higher than the case without PAM. Numerical simulations are carried out by the particle-in-cell (PIC) code EPOCH to verify the effectiveness of the scheme.

Published
2022
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