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Formic acid (HCOOH) is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, the food industry, and leather tanning and is considered to be an effective hydrogen storage molecule. Direct contact with its vapor and its inhalation lead to burns, nerve injury, and dermatosis. Thus, it is critical to establish efficient sensing materials and devices for the rapid detection of HCOOH. In the present study, we introduce a chemical sensor based on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor capable of detecting trace amounts of HCOOH. This sensor is composed of colloidal phenyl-terminated carbon nitride (Ph-g-C3N4) quantum nanoflakes prepared using a facile solid-state method involving the supramolecular preorganization technology. In contrast to other synthetic methods of modified carbon nitride materials, this approach requires no hard templates, hazardous chemicals, or hydrothermal treatments. Comprehensive characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the QCM sensor designed and prepared here exhibits enhanced detection sensitivity and selectivity for volatile HCOOH, which originates from chemical and hydrogen-bonding interactions between HCOOH and the surface of Ph-g-C3N4. According to DFT results, HCOOH is located close to the cavity of the Ph-g-C3N4 unit, with bonding to graphitic carbon and pyridinic nitrogen atoms of the nanoflake. The sensitivity of the Ph-g-C3N4-nanoflake-based QCM sensor was found to be the highest (128.99 Hz ppm-1) of the substances studied, with a limit of detection (LOD) of HCOOH down to a sub-ppm level of 80 ppb. This sensing technology based on phenyl-terminated attached-g-C3N4 nanoflakes establishes a simple, low-cost solution to improve the performance of QCM sensors for the effective discrimination of HCOOH, HCHO, and CH3COOH vapors using smart electronic noses.

Silicon oxide (SiOx, 0 < x < 2) is considered one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity. However, its commercial application is limited by the non-negligible volume change during cycling. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) structure of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) cross-linked with iminodiacetic (c-CMC-IDA150) was facilely formed through in situ thermal cross-linking of CMC and iminodiacetic acid (IDA) in the fabrication process of the electrode, which could construct a robust network to restrain the volume change of the SiOx anode and maintain the integrity of the electrode. In addition, the 3D cross-linked c-CMC-IDA150 provides sufficient contact sites to improve the adhesive strength. Thus, SiOx@c-CMC-IDA150 shows a prolonged cycle life, achieving a capacity of 1020 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g-1. With the increase in the current density to 1.0 A g-1, SiOx@c-CMC-IDA150 exhibits a reversible capacity of 899 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 70.2%. This work provides a potential perspective to fabricate high-performance SiOx anodes and promote the stability of high-capacity Si-based anodes.

Objectives Graft-versus-host disease is a serious, fatal complication following liver transplantation. The diagnosis is challenging, owing to nonspecific clinical features and invasive procedures. High-throughput proteomics could provide an effective approach to identifying potential serum biomarkers for graft-versus-host disease. Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical information of 3 patients with graft-versus-host disease treated at our center from 2016 to 2018. We compared serum samples from the 3 patients with the disease, patients with excellent posttransplant outcomes, and healthy controls using mass spectrometry-based proteomics in discovery study. Probable peptides were further identified by a tandem mass spectrometry system and verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Of 343 patients, 3 patients (0.875%) had graft-versus-host disease. Two of these patients died of sepsis and multiorgan failure despite intensive therapy. We observed no correlation between severity of clinical manifestation and prognosis; however, the patients with graft-versus-host disease had early onset and infection and showed worse outcome. Serum peptidome profiling showed 65 differentially expressed peaks among the 3 groups; the 2 peptides with the most significant changes (m/z values of 1950.29 and 2088.16) were further sequenced and identified as ATP citrate lyase and fibrinogen alpha chain. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that both peptides gradually decreased among all groups. Conclusions Graft-versus-host disease is a complication of organ and tissue transplantation with a high mortality rate. Our identification of potential biomarkers for graft-versus-host disease associated with liver transplant may aid in diagnosis and help to reduce patient mortality in those cases.

Osmotic energy stored between seawater and freshwater is a clean and renewable energy source. However, developing high-efficiency and durable permselective membranes for harvesting osmotic energy remains a longstanding bottleneck. Herein, we report that a nanocomposite membrane with a biological serosa-mimetic structure can achieve high-performance osmotic energy generation through the coupling of two-dimensional (2D) sulfonated covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets and anion-grafted aramid nanofibers (ANFs). As verified by theoretical calculations and experimental investigations, the 2D COF nanosheets not only provide abundant one-dimensional (1D)/2D nanofluidic channels to synergistically benefit an ultrafast ion migration but also enable high cation permselectivity via the covalently tethered anions. The grafted ANFs increase the mechanical strength of the membrane and further improve the ion diffusion/rectification. When it was applied in an osmotic power generator, the biomimetic membrane delivered a power density of 9.6 W m-2, far surpassing the commercial benchmark of 5.0 W m-2. This work could boost the viability of osmotic energy conversion toward a sustainable future.

Cleaning is a foundational and essential operation of protection and restoration of cultural relics, which is also the key step of follow-up works. To overcome the problems of uncontrollable diffusion of cleaning solvents and poor coverage of the cleaning solvent carriers on rough surfaces, here, we propose a strategy of using a self-shaping microemulsion gel that is prepared via emulsifying oleophilic solvents into the specific shear-thinning hydrogel structures. The gel can adaptively cover rough surfaces during the cleaning process coupled with avoidance of unnecessary diffusion of the cleaning solvents, and the mechanical reinforcement of in situ polymerized double-network gels enables its easy peeling off from the surfaces without leaving determinable residues. As a representative demonstration, Paraloid B72, a widely used material for the repair and reinforcement of cultural relics, is employed as a model discolored coating, which can be effectively removed from the rough surface of simulated cultural relics after treatment with the resulting gels. Convincingly, the strategy of constructing agarose/polyacrylamide hybrid double-network gels with shear-thinning and self-shaping performances for the cleaning of cultural relics not only improves the convenience and accuracy of operation but also exhibits an efficient cleaning effect, which will greatly expand the application of microemulsion gels in the cleaning of rough surfaces of cultural relics.

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a common infection of the central nervous system. TBM with hyponatremia is very common. If hyponatremia is not treated properly, it might affect the outcome of TBM patients. We included 226 patients diagnosed with TBM who were admitted from August 2010 to August 2015 and retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with and without hyponatremia. In total, 45.6% (103/226) patients had hyponatremia and 54.4% (123/226) patients did not have hyponatremia. Serum sodium and severity of TBM were independent prediction factors of poor outcomes in TBM. The prognosis of patients with hyponatremia was worse than that of patients without hyponatremia. The mortality was 3.9% (4/103) in the hyponatremia group, while 0% (0/123) in the non-hyponatremia group. The degree of hyponatremia was related to imaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count and protein, severity of TBM, time to correct hyponatremia, and prognosis. We analyzed the causes of hyponatremia and found syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) was the most common cause (77.7%, 80/103), followed by cerebral salt wasting (CSW) (17.5%, 18/103). Comparing SIADH and CSW, there was a significant difference in mean blood pressure, albumin, and hematocrit, and no significant difference in demographic characteristics, imaging, CSF cell count and protein, severity, occurrence and correction time of hyponatremia, or prognosis. TBM with hyponatremia was dominated by moderate hyponatremia, which often manifested as SIADH. The more severe hyponatremia was, the longer the correction time of hyponatremia, which will affect the prognosis of TBM patients.

Siloxane-based molecular material, by virtue of its unique chemical structure, thermal and electrochemical properties, has triggered tremendous research interest and sparked a revolution for energy storage in the past years. Siloxanes and their analogues are generally demonstrated to be more environmentally friendly, durable, and safer when employed to reconstruct the nano-micro surface structure of electrodes, separators, and their interfaces with electrolytes. To better understand the recent and comprehensive achievement of siloxane-based materials in energy storage, a systematic summary is necessary to provide important clues, aiming at achieving better electrochemical properties. In this Minireview, siloxane materials are presented comprehensively and systematically in terms of molecule design, functionality, and unique superiority for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The challenges, perspectives, and future directions of siloxane-based organosilicon materials are put forward for higher performance and wider application in electrochemical energy storage devices.

Estimation of the sintering state has importance for clinker quality improvements and the safe operation of the rotary kiln. Class imbalanced thermal signals usually pose challenges in feature extraction and abnormal state recognition. In this article, a novel framework that integrates prior knowledge and hidden information is developed for sintering state recognition in the class imbalance condition. For discriminative feature extraction of imbalanced data, a cascaded stack autoencoder (SAE) model is proposed to fuse our prior knowledge and hidden information. The model includes a feature extraction SAE and a deep fusion SAE: the former extracts hidden information from thermal signals, and the latter deeply fuses and compresses our prior knowledge and hidden information. For the class imbalance of sintering samples, we propose a data-dependent kernel modification optimal margin distribution machine (ddKMODM) as a sintering state recognition model. Modifying the original kernel function by a conformal function depending on the data distribution in kernel space, ddKMODM can change the local volume expansion coefficient of the feature space to eliminate the negative effects caused by imbalanced samples. Experiments on real data show that the proposed framework can balance the detection rate of each state in the class imbalanced condition, and its overall sintering state recognition accuracy exceeds 92%.

Vancomycin is one of the most commonly used antibiotics for intra-articular (IA) infusion in the treatment of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study aimed to preliminarily investigate the serum and synovial vancomycin concentrations in patients with PJI after IA infusion. In total, 16 patients who developed PJI were enrolled in this study; 14 of the patients were treated with IA infusion of vancomycin postoperatively, while the other 2 patients received intravenous (IV) infusion of vancomycin alone. Chemiluminescent immunoassay assay (CLIA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to determine the serum and synovial vancomycin concentrations, respectively. Administration of vancomycin 0.5 g once daily (qd) IA maintained a high vancomycin trough concentration in synovial fluid before the next IA dose, regardless of whether it was given in combination with IV administration. The combination vancomycin 0.5 g qd IA + vancomycin 1 g every 12 h (q12h) IV yielded relatively good trough concentrations of vancomycin in both serum and synovial fluid. The mean trough serum vancomycin concentration of patients who used vancomycin 1 g q12h IV therapy was above 10 μg/mL; however, no vancomycin was detected in their synovial fluid. The rational use of IA vancomycin infusion may help to achieve effective therapeutic concentrations of vancomycin in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with PJI.

As the most frequently used archival materials for painting and recording, paper lays the groundwork for the development of prosperous human civilization. However, its susceptibility to three primary factors including external ultraviolet light, increased acidity, and biological pathogens in long-term storage shortens the longevity of paper. Therefore, the protection of paper-based cultural relics is extremely urgent. Inspired by the three adverse factors affecting the protection of cultural relics, we herein propose to combine the ultraviolet absorber 2-hydroxy-4-(octyloxy)benzophenone (UV-531) and alkaline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles innovatively into the antibacterial agent polyhexamethylene biguanidine hydrochloride (PHMB) to realize the strategy of three birds with one stone for relics protection. This study illustrates that the tensile strength and the folding endurance of different test papers are guaranteed by coating them with the composite reagents, and molds including Mucor, Trichoderma, and Aspergillus niger are effectually sterilized. In addition, a hand-painted Chinese ink-wash painting with beautiful flowers is chosen as the object for simulating cultural relics protection, and negligible color fading is observed in aging experiments. From the perspective of effectiveness, simplicity, and economy, this strategy sheds light on preservative protection of paper-based relics in long-term storage.

Numerous medical devices have been applied for the treatment or alleviation of various diseases. Tribological issues widely exist in those medical devices and play vital roles in determining their performance and service life. In this review, the bio-tribological issues involved in commonly used medical devices are identified, including artificial joints, fracture fixation devices, skin-related devices, dental restoration devices, cardiovascular devices, and surgical instruments. The current understanding of the bio-tribological behavior and mechanism involved in those devices is summarized. Recent advances in the improvement of tribological properties are examined. Challenges and future developments for the prospective of bio-tribological performance are highlighted.

The maternal immune system is vital in maintaining immunotolerance to the semiallogeneic fetus for a successful pregnancy. Although studies have shown that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in maintaining feto-maternal tolerance, little is known about the role of MDSCs in pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Here, we reported that the activation of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) during pregnancy was closely associated with fetal growth. In humans, class E scavenger receptor 1 (SR-E1), a distinct marker for human PMN-MDSCs, was used to investigate PMN-MDSC function during pregnancy. Continuous activation of SR-E1(+) PMN-MDSCs was observed in all stages of pregnancy, accompanied by high cellular levels of ROS and arginase-1 activity, mediated through STAT6 signaling. However, SR-E1(+) PMN-MDSCs in pregnancies with IUGR showed significantly lower suppressive activity, lower arginase-1 activity and ROS levels, and decreased STAT6 phosphorylation level, which were accompanied by an increase in inflammatory factors, compared with those in normal pregnancies. Moreover, the population of SR-E1(+) PMN-MDSCs was negatively correlated with the adverse outcomes of newborns from pregnancies with IUGR. In mice, decreases in cell population, suppressive activity, target expression levels, and STAT6 phosphorylation levels were also observed in the pregnancies with IUGR compared with the normal pregnancies, which were rescued by the adoptive transfer of PMN-MDSCs from pregnant mice. Interestingly, the growth-promoting factors (GPFs) secreted by placental PMN-MDSCs in both humans and mice play a vital role in fetal development. These findings collectively support that PMN-MDSCs have another new role in pregnancy, which can improve adverse neonatal outcomes.

Metal single-atom materials have attracted tremendous attention in the research field of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries because they can effectively improve the reaction kinetics of sulfur cathodes. However, it is still difficult to determine the best metal single-atom catalyst for Li-S batteries, due to the lack of a unified measurement and evaluation method. Herein, a series of metal single-atom- and nitrogen-doped graphene materials (M-NG, M = Fe, Co, Ni, Ir, Ru) have been prepared as the catalysts for promoting the reaction kinetics of the sulfur reduction reaction process. Using rotating disk electrode measurements and density functional theory-based theoretical calculations, Ni-NG was screened out to be the best catalyst. It is found that Ni-NG materials can provide a kinetically favorable pathway for the reversible conversion of polysulfide conversion, thus increasing the utilization of sulfur. By coating the Ni-NG materials on the separator as a multifunctional interlayer, a commercially available sulfur cathode presents a stable specific capacity of 701.8 mAh g

With the associated advantages of low costs and abundant resources, sodium-ion capacitors (SICs) present a suitable means for large-scale energy storage. However, their practical application is still significantly limited by the sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics of battery-type anodes. Herein, the nitrogen-doped carbon-encapsulated Fe

This paper proposes a new chemical combustion method for the synthesis of nano-low-carbon belite cement via a simple one-step process without using any oxidizers, and related mechanisms are briefly introduced. The starting materials used, including micro-silica (silica fume) as a byproduct of the metallurgic industry and CaCO3 powders, are of great abundance, and the processing parameters involved were optimized using a series of systematic experiments based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Rietveld fitting method. Besides, the properties of the synthesized belite cement were characterized by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental results revealed that the optimized fuel agent was urea with a dosage of 4.902 times that of the starting materials by mass, and the corresponding holding temperature and time were 1150 °C and 2 h, respectively. In addition, the CaO/(SiO2 + CaO) for the starting materials should be set at 62.5% by mass ratio. BET and SEM results showed that the obtained belite cement had a specific surface area of 11.17 m2/g and a size of around 500 nm or even smaller in spherical shapes, suggesting that this method was successfully implemented. Thus, it can be a promising approach for the synthesis of nano-belite particles as a low-carbon construction material, which could be used more in the near future, such as for low-carbon concrete productions.

Aims Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) with prior multiple failed surgery for reinfection represent a huge challenge for surgeons because of poor vascular supply and biofilm formation. This study aims to determine the results of single-stage revision using intra-articular antibiotic infusion in treating this condition. Methods A retrospective analysis included 78 PJI patients (29 hips; 49 knees) who had undergone multiple prior surgical interventions. Our cohort was treated with single-stage revision using a supplementary intra-articular antibiotic infusion. Of these 78 patients, 59 had undergone more than two prior failed debridement and implant retentions, 12 patients had a failed arthroplasty resection, three hips had previously undergone failed two-stage revision, and four had a failed one-stage revision before their single-stage revision. Previous failure was defined as infection recurrence requiring surgical intervention. Besides intravenous pathogen-sensitive agents, an intra-articular infusion of vancomycin, imipenem, or voriconazole was performed postoperatively. The antibiotic solution was soaked into the joint for 24 hours for a mean of 16 days (12 to 21), then extracted before next injection. Recurrence of infection and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results A total of 68 patients (87.1%) were free of infection at a mean follow-up time of 85 months (24 to 133). The seven-year infection-free survival was 87.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 79.4 to 95.8). No significant difference in infection-free survival was observed between hip and knee PJIs (91.5% (95% CI 79.9 to 100) vs 84.7% (95% CI 73.1 to 96.3); p = 0.648). The mean postoperative Harris Hip Score was 76.1 points (63.2 to 92.4) and Hospital for Special Surgery score was 78. 2 (63.2 to 92.4) at the most recent assessment. Polymicrobial and fungal infections accounted for 14.1% (11/78) and 9.0% (7/78) of all cases, respectively. Conclusion Single-stage revision with intra-articular antibiotic infusion can provide high antibiotic concentration in synovial fluid, thereby overcoming reduced vascular supply and biofilm formation. This supplementary route of administration may be a viable option in treating PJI after multiple failed prior surgeries for reinfection. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):867–874.

Liver transplantation (LTx) is currently the only effective therapy for patients with end-stage liver diseases, but post-transplant infection is a key issue for morbidity and mortality. In this study, we found that pre-transplant patients with an expansion of double-negative T (DNT) cells (CD3+CD4−CD8− T cells) had an increased incidence of infections within the first 6 months after LTx. These DNT cells also negatively correlated with their CD4/CD8 ratio. Compared to patients who had no infections after LTx, these DNT cells expressed more CD25, especially in the memory compartment. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the threshold area under the ROC curve of DNT cells which could be used to distinguish LTx patients with post-transplant infections from patients without infections after LTx was 0.8353 (95% CI: 0.6591–1.000). The cut-off for the pre-LTx DNT cell level was 11.35%. Although patients with post-transplant infections had decreased levels of CD4/CD8 T cells, CD8+ T cells in these patients were more exhausted, with higher PD-1 expression and lower IFNγ secretion. The increased levels of DNT cells in patients with post-transplant infections were still observed 2 weeks after LTx, with higher proportions of memory DNT cells. In conclusion, increased levels of DNT cells in pre-LTx patients may be valuable for the prognosis of post-transplant infections, especially within the first 6 months after LTx.

Purpose Inflammatory cytokines are closely associated with developing cardiac fibrosis. This research aimed to explore the significant role of IL-11 in atrial fibrosis progression and potential therapeutic targets. Methods 367 subjects were included in the case-control study. Blood samples were analyzed for the level of IL-11 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Angiotensin II (Ang II) treated fibrosis mouse models were generated and expression of IL-11 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. IL-11 antagonist was used to evaluate arterial fibrosis-related markers. Results The PeAF patients had significantly higher larger left atrial size (LAD), higher serum levels of hypertrophic protein BNP, proinflammatory cytokine high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to PAF patients and healthy subjects (all PConclusion Our data speculated that IL-11 upregulated Ang ll induced atrial fibrosis. Therefore, IL-11 could be a potential therapeutic target for treating atrial.

Complex hydride LiBH4 is a promising solid-state electrolyte (SSE) for rechargeable batteries, owing to its great compatibility with the lithium metal anode and good mechanical properties. However,...

Experimental studies have confirmed the permeability reduction of coal samples upon the adsorption of CO2. However, these studies were carried out under limited experimental conditions. In this study, CO2 flow behaviors in a macro-scale coal sample were numerically simulated using a coupled gas flow, mechanical deformation, and sorption-induced deformation finite element model. The simulation results show that the effect of the reduction of effective stress on the enhancement of permeability is greater than the negative effect of permeability reduction due to CO2 adsorption for low injection pressures. CO2 pressure development in the sample increases with increasing injection pressure due to the enhanced advection flux for sub-critical CO2 injections, while for super-critical CO2 injections, CO2 pressure development, as well as concentrations in the sample, decreases compared to sub-critical CO2 injections because of greater density and viscosity of super-critical CO2 as well as coal matrix swelling induced by the adsorption of super-critical CO2. Increasing axial stress (buried depth) obstructs CO2 migration in the sample due to the increased effective stress, and this effect is more influential for low injection pressures, which indicates that high CO2 injection pressures are preferred for CO2 sequestration in deep coal seams.

According to relevant statistics, an aircraft will encounter lightning every 3000 hours on average. According to relevant research, the vast majority of aircraft encounter lightning during falling or climbing. For lightning protection of composite radome, there are usually measures such as metallization treatment on the surface, the layout of lightning protection diversion strips, etc., to avoid lightning on the radome by guiding the flash current.

Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SICs) are attracting increasing attention due to their high energy/power superiority and potentially low cost. However, the sluggish sodium-ion diffusion in the bulk o...

Frequent early failures are the key factors restricting the reliability improvement of CNC (computer numerical control) machine tools. In order to eliminate the early failures of CNC machine tools as much as possible, this paper defined the early failures of CNC machine tools strictly and divided the early failures into sudden early failures and progressive early failures. According to the characteristics of sudden early failures, the corresponding reliability analysis model was established by fishbone diagram and 5M1E (man, machine, material, method, measurement, environment) method. Based on the failure time rather than failure time intervals, the reliability analysis model of progressive early failures, which can reflect the dynamic characteristics of CNC machine tool failures, was established by BBIP (bounded bathtub intensity process) method in NHPP (non-homogeneous Poisson process). The reliability evaluation indexes of progressive early failures were given, and the analysis method of the influence of the relationship between former failure and latter failure on the established reliability model was given. CNC machine tools made in China were taken as the example, and the reliability analysis models of sudden early failures and progressive early failures were established and analyzed, respectively. The conclusion that different product failures of the same model could not be analyzed by the same parameter model is obtained. The results also verify the applicability and correctness of the proposed method, which lay a foundation for the elimination of early failure and the improvement of reliability of machine tools.

Silicon-based materials, as the most promising candidates for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), have been widely researched. However, the construction of stable electrode structure is still a challenge due to the enormous volume variation. Herein, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) binder network, polydopamine grafted cross-linked polyacrylamide (PDA-c-PAM), to build a durable anode for LIBs. The flexible PDA side chain in PDA-c-PAM offers the superior adhesion with constitutes of the electrode. And the 3D cross-linked PAM main chain endows PDA-c-PAM high stretchability to accommodate the volume variation of active material and maintain the structural integrity of electrode. As a binder for SiO/graphite (SiO/C), the fabricated SiO/C@PDA-c-PAM anode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1350 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. At a high current density of 1 A g−1, it maintains 591 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles with a 94% capacity retention of initial capacity after activation. Coupled with commercial LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathode, the full cell exhibits a high-energy density of 406 Wh kg−1 at 1 C as well as excellent stability. Thus, it is believed that designing 3D network binder is an effective approach to achieve superior cycle performance of SiO/C electrodes. We successfully synthesized a polydopamine grafted cross-linked polyacrylamide (PDA-c-PAM) polymer as binder for SiO/C anode to maintain the structural integrity and improve the cycling stability of electrode. The flexible PDA side chain in PDA-c-PAM offers the binder superior adhesion. And the 3D cross-linked PAM main chain endows the binder high stretchability. The fabricated SiO/C@PDA-c-PAM anode delivers a capacity of 591 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g−1. Thus, it is believed that designing 3D network binder is an effective approach to achieve superior cycle performance of SiO/C electrodes.

Generally, during the accelerating process of construction machinery large inertia hydraulic swing system, a lot of kinetic energy is accumulated, and it will be eventually dissipated through the relief valve orifice during the decelerating process, which results in serious energy waste and large overflow loss. In order to solve this problem, a new dual source hydraulic motor with non-uniform flow distribution is proposed, which can drive high-frequency swing mechanism efficiently. The new dual source hydraulic motor has two groups of oil inlet and outlet, corresponding to two groups of different displacement. The two groups of inlet and outlet are respectively connected with the energy recovery unit and the main driving unit. During the starting process, the energy recovery unit assists the main driving unit to drive the swing mechanism together, so that the main drive unit output torque and overflow loss are reduced; during the braking process, the energy recovery unit recovers the braking energy. Finally, the integrated control of braking energy direct recovery and utilization is realized. In the research, the 38 t hydraulic excavator is taken as the research object. Firstly, the multi-body dynamics electro-hydraulic simulation model of the dual source integrated driving hydraulic excavator swing system is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified by experiments. Then the effects of the accumulator working pressure and the dual source hydraulic motor displacement ratio on the working performance of the system were simulated. The simulation results show that with the displacement ratio increasing, the accelerating time, the maximum angular velocity and decelerating time increase. Compared with the original system, when the displacement ratio $\alpha $ is 0.6, the comprehensive performance of the system is the best, and the hydraulic pump output energy is reduced by 48.6% and 46.6% respectively in the process of full load and no-load operation.

In this article, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted on poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) by virtue of reactive blending in the extrusion process and thermoplastic starch (TPS) was prepared via a melt blend process with anhydroxylitol tripelargonate (AXP) as a bio-based plasticizer and starch as a polymer matrix. A ternary blend of fully biodegradable polymers, namely PBS-g-GMA, thermoplastic starch and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), was successfully fabricated in an attempt to achieve novel entirely biodegradable composites with good comprehensive properties. The mechanical properties, rheological behavior, thermal behavior, crystallization properties and microscopic morphology of PBS-g-GMA/TPS/PBAT composites were investigated in detail. The incorporation of 30 wt% TPS into the PBS-g-GMA/TPS composite promoted a dramatic increase of 47% in the Izod impact strength of the PBS, which indicated that our work proposed an efficient route to fabricate PBS composites with good properties by a simple, eco-friendly, and low-cost processing methodology. DMA results showed that the loss factor of the composite was dependent on the TPS amount, meanwhile, with the increase of PBAT, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was more affected. The change in storage modulus indicates that the addition of TPS can improve the elasticity and the degradation of elastic properties due to the addition of PBAT. Analysis of the rheological results showed that the storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G′′) and complex viscosity increased significantly with increasing PBAT and TPS amount which could enhance their processability. SEM indicated that PBAT was compatible with the system, and the appearance of particles at a high TPS amount confirmed the occurrence of phase separation.