Search

The cascade’s response function can be used to effectively deal with the unsteady response of the interaction between the harmonic turbulence and the cascades. Based on this function, this paper presents the formulas for the stator broadband and tonal noises, whose inflow models are different from each other. The broadband noise comes from the impact of the random turbulence wave in the rotor wake on the stator, while the tonal noise comes from the interaction between the periodic rotor wake and the stator. According to the formulas for predicating the two kinds of noise, their inflow models are different from each other. Comparing with the test models of subsonic fan, the prediction models of the broadband and tonal noise prove to be correct. Meanwhile, the influence of the blade number on stator tonal and broadband noise is carried out through the prediction models, and the results are summarized that (1) the greater the number of blades, the higher the broadband sound power level of the stator in the high frequency. (2) An increase in the number of blades can “cut off” the tonal noise of the stator at BPF. So, reasonable arrangement of the number of stator and rotor blades is significant to the passive suppression of stator noise.

This article establishes an optimized third-harmonic shaping model in order to reach the goals of high power density and low torque ripple of the surface-mounted permanent magnet motor. The establishment of the model takes the nonideal factors into consideration, including PM relative permeability, stator slotting, pole leakage, pole edge effect, and magnetic circuit saturation. The formula of third-harmonic shaping and the optimal third-harmonic injection factor a m ( m ) are derived from the model. Then, a finite-element model was established to compare the electromagnetic performance of different magnetic poles. It is found that the average torque of the modified third-harmonic motor is 3.5% higher than that of the simplified third-harmonic motor, and the torque ripple is 47% lower than that of the simplified third-harmonic motor. This proves the superiority of the modified model. And experiments demonstrate that the modified model is feasible and effective.

The effect of moisture absorption of the nickel-rich cathode material during the stirring process on electrochemical performance was studied. Studies have shown that the sample stirred in low humidity has better electrochemical performance. At 0.2 C, the initial discharge specific capacity is 199.6 mAh·g−1. The capacity retention rate after 50 cycles is 91.4% at 1 C rate, which is 5% higher than the sample stirred in room temperature and humidity. The CV, EIS curves, and SEM images of different samples were analyzed before and after cycle. It indicates that the material will absorb moisture in room temperature and humidity, which can lower amount of lithium, resulting in reduction of initial discharge specific capacity. In cycle, the electrolyte can react with moisture and decompose in the battery, which can be proven from the XPS spectrum. It causes the transportation of lithium ions’ difficulty, the material structure collapsing, and the capacity attenuation.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The barplots of PRDX expression between normal and tumor tissues in different cancer types. (A) PRDX1. (B) PRDX2. (C) RPDX3. (D) PRDX4. (E) PRDX5. (F) PRDX6. Figure S2. The survival analysis of PRDXs in different cancers. (A)DFI, (B)DSS, (C)PFI. Figure S3. PRDXs mutation in pan-cancer based on cBioportal website. (A) Oncoprinter of PRDXs in different cancer types. (B) Amino acid mutation of PRDXs. The important mutation sites that predicted as damaging in both AhpC-TSA and 1-cysPrx_C algorithms in the functional and structural importance of the protein sequence position. Figure S4. The correlations among expression levels of PRDXs with diagnostic values, tumor stages. (A) ROC curves, (B) barplots between PRDXs and tumor stages. Table S1. The associations of PRDXs and mRNAsi. Table S2. The univariate cox and multivariate cox of PRDXs and clinical characteristics. Table S3. The associations between target drugs and PRDX expressions.

Causal variables in Markov boundary (MB) have been widely applied in extensive single-label tasks. While few researches focus on the causal variable discovery in multi-label data due to the complex causal relationships. Since some variables in multi-label scenario might contain causal information about multiple labels, this paper investigates the problem of multi-label causal variable discovery as well as the distinguishing between common causal variables shared by multiple labels and label-specific causal variables associated with some single labels. Considering the multiple MBs under the non-positive joint probability distribution, we explore the relationships between common causal variables and equivalent information phenomenon, and find that the solutions are influenced by equivalent information following different mechanisms with or without existence of label causality. Analyzing these mechanisms, we provide the theoretical property of common causal variables, based on which the discovery and distinguishing algorithm is designed to identify these two types of variables. Similar to single-label problem, causal variables for multiple labels also have extensive application prospects. To demonstrate this, we apply the proposed causal mechanism to multi-label feature selection and present an interpretable algorithm, which is proved to achieve the minimal redundancy and the maximum relevance. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficacy of these contributions.

International audience; The photophysical properties and the photoinitiating reactivity of a ditopic alkoxynitrostilbene were compared to those of its single branch chromophore used as a reference. Whereas a trivial additive effect is observed when considering the one-and two-photon absorption properties, a clear and very significant amplification has been highlighted for the photoreactivity of this free radical photoinitiator which was used as a hydrogen abstractor in presence of an aliphatic amine co-reactant. We indeed demonstrate that the proximity of two nitroaromatics moieties within the same molecular architecture gives rise to an original cycling mechanism based on a stepwise photo triggering of each photoredox center followed by a subsequent regenerative process. The combination of a high two-photon absorption cross-section (delta 780nm ≈ 330 GM) with a strong enhancement in photoreactivity makes this nitrostilbene bichromophore a very suitable candidate for two-photon polymerization applications.

Cetuximab, an mAb targeting EGFR, is a standard of care for the treatment for locally advanced or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, despite overexpression of EGFR in more than 90% of HNSCC lesions, most patients with HNSCC fail to respond to cetuximab treatment. In addition, there are no available biomarkers to predict sensitivity or resistance to cetuximab in the clinic. Here, we sought to advance precision medicine approaches for HNSCC by identifying PI3K/mTOR signaling network-specific cetuximab resistance mechanisms. We first analyzed the frequency of genomic alterations in genes involved in the PI3K/mTOR signaling circuitry in the HNSCC TCGA dataset. Experimentally, we took advantage of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing approaches to systematically explore the contribution of genomic alterations in each tumor suppressor gene (TSG) controlling the PI3K-mTOR pathway to cetuximab resistance in HNSCC cases that do not exhibit PIK3CA mutations. Remarkably, we found that many HNSCC cases exhibit pathway-specific gene copy number loss of multiple TSGs that normally restrain PI3K/mTOR signaling. Among them, we found that both engineered and endogenous PTEN gene deletions can mediate resistance to cetuximab. Our findings suggest that PTEN gene copy number loss, which is highly prevalent in HNSCC, may result in sustained PI3K/mTOR signaling independent of EGFR, thereby representing a promising mechanistic biomarker predictive of cetuximab resistance in this cancer type. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate the impact of PTEN loss on cetuximab efficacy in the clinic.

The photophysical properties and the photoinitiating reactivity of a ditopic alkoxynitrostilbene were compared to those of its single branch chromophore used as a reference. Whereas a trivial additive effect is observed when considering the one- and two-photon absorption properties, a clear and very significant amplification has been highlighted for the photoreactivity of this free radical photoinitiator which was used as a hydrogen abstractor in presence of an aliphatic amine co-reactant. We indeed demonstrate that the proximity of two nitroaromatics moieties within the same molecular architecture gives rise to an original cycling mechanism based on a stepwise photo triggering of each photoredox center followed by a subsequent regenerative process. The combination of a high two-photon absorption cross-section (δ780nm ≈330 GM) with a strong enhancement in photoreactivity makes this nitrostilbene bichromophore a very suitable candidate for two-photon polymerization applications.

Three novel types of thiophene‐containing oxime sulfonates with a big π‐conjugated system were reported as non‐ionic photoacid generators. The irradiation of the newly synthesized photoacid generators using near UV–visible light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) (365–475 nm) results in the cleavage of two weak NO bonds in single molecules, which lead to the generation of different sulfonic acids in good quantum and chemical yields. The mechanism for the NO bond cleavage for acid generation was supported by the UV–visible spectra and real‐time ¹H NMR spectra. They are developed as high‐performance photoinitiators without any additives for the cationic polymerization of epoxide and vinyl ether upon exposure to near‐UV and visible LEDs (365–475 nm) at low concentration. In the field of photopolymerization, especially visible light polymerization, it has great potential for application. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 776–782