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202. A Molecular Computing Approach to Solving Optimization Problems via Programmable Microdroplet Arrays

Author

Guo, Si Yue, primary, Friederich, Pascal, primary, Cao, Yudong, primary, Wu, Tony, primary, Forman, Christopher, primary, Mendoza, Douglas, primary, Degroote, Matthias, primary, Cavell, Andrew, primary, Krasecki, Veronica, primary, Hickman, Riley, primary, Sharma, Abhishek, primary, Cronin, Leroy, primary, Gianneschi, Nathan, primary, Goldsmith, Randall, primary, and Aspuru-Guzik, Alan, primary

Published
2019
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208. Resistive RAM Endurance: Array-Level Characterization and Correction Techniques Targeting Deep Learning Applications

Author

Grossi, Alessandro, primary, Vianello, Elisa, additional, Sabry, Mohamed M., additional, Barlas, Marios, additional, Grenouillet, Laurent, additional, Coignus, Jean, additional, Beigne, Edith, additional, Wu, Tony, additional, Le, Binh Q., additional, Wootters, Mary K., additional, Zambelli, Cristian, additional, Nowak, Etienne, additional, and Mitra, Subhasish, additional

Published
2019
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209. Antitumor activity of margetuximab (M) plus pembrolizumab (P) in patients (pts) with advanced HER2+ (IHC3+) gastric carcinoma (GC).

Author

Catenacci, Daniel V.T., primary, Lim, Kian Huat, additional, Uronis, Hope Elizabeth, additional, Kang, Yoon-Koo, additional, Ng, Matthew C.H., additional, Gold, Philip Jordan, additional, Enzinger, Peter C., additional, Lee, Keun Wook, additional, Lacy, Jill, additional, Park, Se Hoon, additional, Yen, Jennifer, additional, Odegaard, Justin, additional, Franovic, Aleksandra, additional, Baughman, Jan E., additional, Wynter-Horton, Aisha, additional, Chen, Francine, additional, Moore, Paul A., additional, Wu, Tony, additional, Davidson-Moncada, Jan Kenneth, additional, and Bang, Yung-Jue, additional

Published
2019
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210. 14.3 A 43pJ/Cycle Non-Volatile Microcontroller with 4.7μs Shutdown/Wake-up Integrating 2.3-bit/Cell Resistive RAM and Resilience Techniques

Author

Wu, Tony F., primary, Le, Binh Q., additional, Radway, Robert, additional, Bartolo, Andrew, additional, Hwang, William, additional, Jeong, Seungbin, additional, Li, Haitong, additional, Tandon, Pulkit, additional, Vianello, Elisa, additional, Vivet, Pascal, additional, Nowak, Etienne, additional, Wootters, Mary K., additional, Wong, H. -S. Philip, additional, Aly, Mohamed M. Sabry, additional, Beigne, Edith, additional, and Mitra, Subhasish, additional

Published
2019
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212. Cadmium burden and the risk and phenotype of prostate cancer

Author

Wu Tony T, Wu Hsi-Chin, Pu Yeong S, Chen Yi-Chun, Lai Ming, Yang Chun Y, and Sung Fung-Chang

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Background Studies on the association between prostate cancer and cadmium exposure have yielded conflicting results. This study explored cadmium burden on the risk and phenotype of prostate cancer in men with no evident environmental exposure. Methods Hospital-based 261 prostate cancer cases and 267 controls with benign diseases were recruited from four hospitals in Taiwan. Demographic, dietary and lifestyle data were collected by standardized questionnaires. Blood cadmium (BCd) and creatinine-adjusted urine cadmium (CAUCd) levels were measured for each participant. Statistical analyses measured the prostate cancer risk associated with BCd and CAUCd separately, controlling for age, smoking and institution. BCd and CAUCd levels within cases were compared in relation to the disease stage and the Gleason score. Results High family income, low beef intake, low dairy product consumption and positive family history were independently associated with the prostate carcinogenesis. There was no difference in BCd levels between cases and controls (median, 0.88 versus 0.87 μg/l, p = 0.45). Cases had lower CAUCd levels than controls (median, 0.94 versus 1.40 μg/g creatinine, p = 0.001). However, cases with higher BCd and CAUCd levels tended to be at more advanced stages and to have higher Gleason scores. The prostate cancer cases with Gleason scores of ≥ 8 had an odds ratio of 2.89 (95% confidence interval 1.25-6.70), compared with patients with scores of 2-6. Conclusion Higher CAUCd and BCd levels may be associated with advanced cancer phenotypes, but there was only a tenuous association between cadmium and prostate cancer.

Published
2009
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214. Development of first generation aerospace NiMH cells

Author

Tinker, Lawrence, Dell, Dan, Wu, Tony, and Rampel, Guy

Subjects
Energy Production And Conversion
Abstract

Gates Aerospace Batteries in conjunction with Gates Energy Products (GEP) has been developing NiMH technology for aerospace use since 1990. GEP undertook the development of NiMH technology for commercial cell applications in 1987. This program focused on wound cell technology for replacement of current NiCd technology. As an off shoot of this program small, wound cells were used to evaluate initial design options for aerospace prismatic cell designs. Early in 1991, the first aerospace prismatic cell designs were built in a 6 Ah cell configuration. These cells were used to initially characterize performance in prismatic configurations and begin early life cycle testing. Soon after the 6 Ah cells were on test, several 22 Ah cells were built to test other options. The results of testing of these cells were used to identify potential problem areas for long lived cells and develop solutions to those problems. Following these two cell builds, a set of 7 Ah cells was built to evaluate improvements to the technology. To date results from these tests are very promising. Cycle lives in excess of 2,200 LEO cycles at 50 percent DoD were achieved with cells continuing on test. Results from these cell tests are discussed and data presented to demonstrate feasibility of this technology for aerospace programs.

Published
1993

215. The development of nickel-metal hydride technology for use in aerospace applications

Author

Rampel, Guy, Johnson, Herschel, Dell, Dan, Wu, Tony, and Puglisi, Vince

Subjects
Energy Production And Conversion
Abstract

The nickel metal hydride technology for battery application is relatively immature even though this technology was made widely known by Philips' scientists as long ago as 1970. Recently, because of the international environmental regulatory pressures being placed on cadmium in the workplace and in disposal practices, battery companies have initiated extensive development programs to make this technology a viable commercial operation. These hydrides do not pose a toxilogical threat as does cadmium. Also, they provide a higher energy density and specific energy when compared to the other nickel based battery technologies. For these reasons, the nickel metal hydride electrochemisty is being evaluated as the next power source for varied applications such as laptop computers, cellular telephones, electric vehicles, and satellites. A parallel development effort is under way to look at aerospace applications for nickel metal hydride cells. This effort is focused on life testing of small wound cells of the commercial type to validate design options and development of prismatic design cells for aerospace applications.

Published
1992

219. The N3XT Approach to Energy-Efficient Abundant-Data Computing

Author

Sabry Aly, Mohamed M., primary, Wu, Tony F., additional, Bartolo, Andrew, additional, Malviya, Yash H., additional, Hwang, William, additional, Hills, Gage, additional, Markov, Igor, additional, Wootters, Mary, additional, Shulaker, Max M., additional, Philip Wong, H.-S., additional, and Mitra, Subhasish, additional

Published
2019
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220. Different routes of heroin intake cause various heroin-induced leukoencephalopathies

Author

Cheng, Mei-Yun, primary, Chin, Shy-Chyi, additional, Chang, Yen-Chung, additional, Wu, Tony, additional, Lim, Siew-Na, additional, Hsieh, Hsiang-Yao, additional, Hsu, Jung-Lung, additional, Chang, Chun-Wei, additional, Tseng, Wei-En Johnny, additional, Li, Han-Tao, additional, Chiang, Hsing-I, additional, Chang, Bao-Luen, additional, Tsai, Meng-Han, additional, and Ro, Long-Sun, additional

Published
2018
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224. HLA Alleles andCYP 2C9*3as Predictors of Phenytoin Hypersensitivity in East Asians

Author

Su, Shih‐Chi, primary, Chen, Chun‐Bing, additional, Chang, Wan‐Chun, additional, Wang, Chuang‐Wei, additional, Fan, Wen‐Lang, additional, Lu, Lai‐Ying, additional, Nakamura, Ryosuke, additional, Saito, Yoshiro, additional, Ueta, Mayumi, additional, Kinoshita, Shigeru, additional, Sukasem, Chonlaphat, additional, Yampayon, Kittika, additional, Kijsanayotin, Pornpimol, additional, Nakkam, Nontaya, additional, Saksit, Niwat, additional, Tassaneeyakul, Wichittra, additional, Aihara, Michiko, additional, Lin, Yu‐Jr, additional, Chang, Chee‐Jen, additional, Wu, Tony, additional, Hung, Shuen‐Iu, additional, and Chung, Wen‐Hung, additional

Published
2018
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227. A phase 1, open label, dose escalation study of MGD009, a humanized B7-H3 x CD3 DART protein, in combination with MGA012, an anti-PD-1 antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory B7-H3-expressing tumors.

Author

Shankar, Sadhna, primary, Spira, Alexander I., additional, Strauss, James, additional, Liu, Liqin, additional, La Motte-Mohs, Ross, additional, Wu, Tony, additional, Johnson, Syd, additional, Bonvini, Ezio, additional, Moore, Paul A., additional, Wigginton, Jon M., additional, and Vasselli, Jim, additional

Published
2018
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229. Molecular Design of Deep Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials Employing a Homoconjugative Triptycene Scaffold and Dihedral Angle Tuning

Author

Huang, Wenliang, primary, Einzinger, Markus, additional, Zhu, Tianyu, additional, Chae, Hyun Sik, additional, Jeon, Soonok, additional, Ihn, Soo-Ghang, additional, Sim, Myungsun, additional, Kim, Sunghan, additional, Su, Mingjuan, additional, Teverovskiy, Georgiy, additional, Wu, Tony, additional, Van Voorhis, Troy, additional, Swager, Timothy M., additional, Baldo, Marc A., additional, and Buchwald, Stephen L., additional

Published
2018
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232. Development in utilizing singlet fission and triplet-triplet annihilation to improve solar cell efficiency

Author

Marc A Baldo., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science., Wu, Tony Chang-Chi, Marc A Baldo., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science., and Wu, Tony Chang-Chi

Abstract

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018., Cataloged from PDF version of thesis., Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-113)., Our main energy source are burning fossil fuels. Solar energy is a clean, sustainable energy source that does not emit greenhouse gas that causes global warming. In this thesis, singlet fission and triplet-triplet annihilation would be discussed and studied to increase solar cell power conversion efficiency. Singlet fission splits a singlet exciton into two lower energy triplet excitons. This energy down conversion is efficient and have shown near 200% triplet exciton yield. With energy down conversion, thermalization loss in solar cell could be reduced. We have shown singlet fission in tetracene, a suitable down conversion fission material to pair with silicon solar cell, up to 127% of internal quantum yield. To integrate tetracene as the energy down converter for silicon, we have demonstrated triplet exciton transfer from tetracene to silicon with WNx passivation. To show triplet exciton transfer, a spectrally resolved magnetic field effect measurement setup was designed and built. We have also demonstrated a metal-free, solid state optical up conversion system. This is in contrast with most optical up conversion system that uses heavy metal for triplet generation and are limited to solution fabrication based on material restrictions. The novel optical up conversion system provided cheaper material choices as well as better fabrication freedom and potentially longer device operation lifetime., by Tony Chang-Chi Wu., Ph. D.

Published
2018

233. Solid state photon upconversion utilizing thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules as triplet sensitizer

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Wu, Tony C, Congreve, Daniel Norbert, Baldo, Marc A, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Wu, Tony C, Congreve, Daniel Norbert, and Baldo, Marc A

Abstract

The ability to upconvert light is useful for a range of applications, from biological imaging to solar cells. But modern technologies have struggled to upconvert incoherent incident light at low intensities. Here, we report solid state photon upconversion employing triplet-triplet exciton annihilation in an organic semiconductor, sensitized by a thermally activated-delayed fluorescence (TADF) dye. Compared to conventional phosphorescent sensitizers, the TADF dye maximizes the wavelength shift in upconversion due to its small singlet-triplet splitting. The efficiency of energy transfer from the TADF dye is 9.1%, and the conversion yield of sensitizer exciton pairs to singlet excitons in the annihilator is 1.1%. Our results demonstrate upconversion in solid state geometries and with non-heavy metal-based sensitizer materials., United States. Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Award DEFG02- 07ER46474)

Published
2018

234. Hyperdimensional Computing Nanosystem

Author

Rahimi, Abbas, Wu, Tony F., Li, Haitong, Rabaey, Jan M., Wong, H. -S. Philip, Shulaker, Max M., Mitra, Subhasish, Rahimi, Abbas, Wu, Tony F., Li, Haitong, Rabaey, Jan M., Wong, H. -S. Philip, Shulaker, Max M., and Mitra, Subhasish

Abstract

One viable solution for continuous reduction in energy-per-operation is to rethink functionality to cope with uncertainty by adopting computational approaches that are inherently robust to uncertainty. It requires a novel look at data representations, associated operations, and circuits, and at materials and substrates that enable them. 3D integrated nanotechnologies combined with novel brain-inspired computational paradigms that support fast learning and fault tolerance could lead the way. Recognizing the very size of the brain's circuits, hyperdimensional (HD) computing can model neural activity patterns with points in a HD space, that is, with hypervectors as large randomly generated patterns. At its very core, HD computing is about manipulating and comparing these patterns inside memory. Emerging nanotechnologies such as carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNFETs) and resistive RAM (RRAM), and their monolithic 3D integration offer opportunities for hardware implementations of HD computing through tight integration of logic and memory, energy-efficient computation, and unique device characteristics. We experimentally demonstrate and characterize an end-to-end HD computing nanosystem built using monolithic 3D integration of CNFETs and RRAM. With our nanosystem, we experimentally demonstrate classification of 21 languages with measured accuracy of up to 98% on >20,000 sentences (6.4 million characters), training using one text sample (~100,000 characters) per language, and resilient operation (98% accuracy) despite 78% hardware errors in HD representation (outputs stuck at 0 or 1). By exploiting the unique properties of the underlying nanotechnologies, we show that HD computing, when implemented with monolithic 3D integration, can be up to 420X more energy-efficient while using 25X less area compared to traditional silicon CMOS implementations., Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures

Published
2018

235. Aggressive cytoreduction and multiple subpial cortical transections may obtain good surgical outcomes in refractory epilepsy with multiple epileptic foci

Author

Hsieh, Hsiang-Yao, Chang, Chun-Wei, Cheng, Mei-Yun, Yan, Jiun-Lin, Lim, Siew-Na, Tseng, Wei-En Johnny, Chiang, Hsing-I., Li, Han-Tao, Chang, Bao-Luen, Lee, Chih-Hong, Lin, Chih Yin, Wu, Tony, and Chang, Chen-Nen

Abstract

Epilepsy surgery is the most efficacious therapeutic modality for patients with medical refractory epilepsy, especially resective surgery. However, the variable etiologies and multiple epileptic foci are usually associated with the outcomes. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that combination of different intervention procedures might be an alternative option for patients of refractory epilepsy.

Published
2021
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238. A molecular computing approach to solving optimization problems via programmable microdroplet arrays

Author

Guo, Si Yue, Friederich, Pascal, Cao, Yudong, Wu, Tony C., Forman, Christopher J., Mendoza, Douglas, Degroote, Matthias, Cavell, Andrew, Krasecki, Veronica, Hickman, Riley J., Sharma, Abhishek, Cronin, Leroy, Gianneschi, Nathan, Goldsmith, Randall H., and Aspuru-Guzik, Alán

Abstract

The search for novel forms of computing to the dominant von Neumann model-based approach is important as it will enable different classes of problems to be solved. Molecular computers are a promising alternative to semiconductor-based computers given their potential biocompatibility and cost advantages. The vast space of chemical reactions makes molecules a tunable, scalable, and energy-efficient computational vehicle. In molecular computers, memory and processing units can be combined into a single, inherently parallelized device. Here, we present a microdroplet array molecular computer to solve combinatorial optimization problems by employing an Ising Hamiltonian to map problems heuristically to droplet-droplet interactions. The droplets represent binary digits and problems are encoded in intra- and inter-droplet reactions. We propose two implementations: first, a hybrid classical-molecular computer that enforces inter-droplet constraints in a classical computer and, second, a purely molecular computer where the problem is entirely pre-programmed in the nearest-neighbor droplet reactions.

Published
2021
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241. List of contributors

Author

Ambrogio, Stefano, Ben-Hur, Rotem, Bohaichuk, Stephanie, Brivio, Stefano, Burr, Geoffrey W., Chang, Meng-Fan, Chekol, Solomon Amsalu, Dalgaty, Thomas, Dou, Chunmeng, Eltawil, Ahmed, Fouda, Mohammed E., Gao, Bin, Grollier, Julie, Haj-Ali, Ameer, Herrera Diez, Liza, Hwang, Hyunsang, Ielmini, Daniele, Indiveri, Giacomo, Kumar, Suhas, Kurdahi, Fadi, Kvatinsky, Shahar, Laurent, Raphaël, Le Gallo, Manuel, Li, Haitong, Lim, Seokjae, Linares-Barranco, Bernabé, Locatelli, Nicolas, Lu, Wei D., Mackin, Charles, Menzel, Stephan, Midya, Rivu, Mikolajick, Thomas, Milo, Valerio, Mitra, Subhasish, Mizrahi, Alice, Narayanan, Pritish, Neftci, Emre, Park, Jaehyuk, Payvand, Melika, Querlioz, Damien, Rabaey, Jan M., Rahimi, Abbas, Rajendran, Bipin, Ronen, Ronny, Sebastian, Abu, Shelby, Robert M., Shulaker, Max M., Song, Jeonghwan, Spiga, Sabina, Tsai, Hsinyu, Vianello, Elisa, Wald, Nimrod, Wang, Zhongrui, Wong, H.-S. Philip, Wu, Huaqiang, Wu, Tony F., Yang, J. Joshua, Yoo, Jongmyung, Zhou, Ying, and Zidan, Mohammed A.

Published
2020
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