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Photodetection in the solar‐blind deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) regime (200–280 nm) has received significant attention for its many critical applications in military and civil areas. In this study, a vapor–solid synthesis technique for catalyst‐free growth of single‐crystalline β‐Ga2O3 nanowires is developed. A photodetector made of the nanowires is highly sensitive to 265 nm DUV illumination with excellent photoresponse performance. The performance parameters including Ilight/Idark ratio, responsivity, specific detectivity and response speed can attain ≈103, ≈233 A W−1, ≈8.16 × 1012 Jones, and 0.48/0.04 s, respectively. Additionally, the detector has an abrupt response cutoff wavelength at ≈290 nm with a reasonable DUV/visible (250–405 nm) rejection ratio exceeding 102. It is also found that the device can operate properly at a large applied bias of 200 V with the responsivity being enhanced to as high as ≈1680 A W−1. Moreover, such a nanowires‐based photodetector can function as a DUV light image sensor with a reasonable spatial resolution. Holding the above advantages, the present DUV photodetector based on catalyst‐free grown β‐Ga2O3 nanowires possesses huge possibility for application in future DUV optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel process using N-benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride as a "C1N1 synthon" in [2+2+1] cyclization for the construction of 1,2,5-trisubstituted imidazoles has been described for the first time. The key to realizing this process lies in capturing arylamines by in situ generated novel acyl ketonitrone intermediates. Subsequent tautomerization activates the α-C(sp3)–H of N-benzylhydroxylamines, and thus breaks through its inherent reaction mode and achieves N, α-C site-selective cyclization. Furthermore, this method enables scale-up synthesis and late-stage modification of complex molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and quantifiable detection of the specific wavelength is vital in different application scenarios. Herein, a novel self‐driven narrowband photodetector (NB‐PD) based on CH(NH2)2PbBr2.5I0.5 crystal film is employed for building a yellow light intensity meter. By taking advantage of the carrier collection narrowing mechanism, a sensitive NB‐PD with peak response at 580 nm and the full‐width at half‐maximum of 23 nm are successfully achieved. The asymmetric contact electrodes of Ag/Pt allow the device to work without bias. The optoelectronic analysis demonstrates that the NB‐PD achieves a maximum responsivity of 59.89 mA W−1, a fast response speed of 202/331 µs, and a high on/off ratio of 636 at zero bias. Then, through introducing the back‐end circuit, a yellow light intensity meter is constructed with the NB‐PD. The absolute error and relative error of the light meter are estimated to be lower than 0.08 mW cm−2 and 4.22%, respectively, indicating the good capability for the yellow light monitoring. Given the simple device geometry and good performance, the achieved yellow light intensity meter can also be extended to other narrowband light detection system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC) is an exceptionally aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. At present, little is known about the molecular pathology of LCLC. Methods: Ultra-deep sequencing of cancer-related genes and exome sequencing were used to detect the LCLC mutational in 118 tumor-normal pairs. The cell function test was employed to confirm the potential carcinogenic mutation of PI3K pathway. Results: The mutation pattern is determined by the predominance of A > C mutations. Genes with a significant non-silent mutation frequency (FDR) < 0.05) include TP53 (47.5%), EGFR (13.6%) and PTEN (12.1%). Moreover, PI3K signaling (including EGFR, FGRG4, ITGA1, ITGA5, and ITGA2B) is the most mutated pathway, influencing 61.9% (73/118) of the LCLC samples. The cell function test confirmed that the potential carcinogenic mutation of PI3K pathway had a more malignant cell function phenotype. Multivariate analysis further revealed that patients with the PI3K signaling pathway mutations have a poor prognosis (P = 0.007). Conclusions: These results initially identified frequent mutation of PI3K signaling pathways in LCLC and indicate potential targets for the treatment of this fatal type of LCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a solution method derived dual‐band photodetector (PD) based on silicon nanowires /PbS nanocrystalline film n–n heterojunction, which exhibits typical bias‐selectable spectral response in both near‐infrared (NIR) and short‐wave infrared (SWIR) bands, is presented. It is found that by adjusting the polarity of the bias voltage, the photoresponse of the device can be switched between three operation modes. The device exhibits high responsivities of 2100 mA W−1 at −0.15 V and 31 mA W−1 at 0 V, respectively, in the NIR region. Remarkably, the maximum responsivity and detectivity under 2000 nm illumination are determined as 290 mA W−1 and 2.4 × 1010 Jones, comparable to or even better than some PbS commercial PDs. The enhanced performance comes from the improved optical absorption and higher efficiency of charge separation and collection owing to the heterojunction geometry. It's also revealed that the bias‐controllable spectral response is attributed to the selectively transportation of photocarriers across the junction barrier. The study demonstrates the capability of detecting two distinct IR regions with the same pixel, which has great potential in future optoelectronic systems for IR imaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, the fabrication of an addressable 8 × 8 photodetector array is reported by combining In2Se3 nanofilm with periodic inverse micropyramid‐Si (PIMP‐Si), which is obtained through colloidal lithography and anisotropic wet etching. Due to the unique configuration and the outstanding light trapping effect, the as‐fabricated heterojunction device presents an excellent self‐powered photoresponse over the broadband wavelength range from 265 to 1300 nm, with a peak sensitivity at ≈810 nm. The responsivity, specific detectivity, and rise/fall time are estimated to be 0.58 A W−1, 1.76 × 1012 Jones, and 5.1/18 µs, respectively, which are competitive in comparison with other devices with similar geometries. Meanwhile, the photodetector array displays a satisfactory pixel‐to‐pixel uniformity, which allows the device to record the full‐color image of "HFUT" with satisfying resolution, revealing the potential application of the PIMP‐Si/In2Se3 heterojunction photodetector array for real‐time red‐green‐blue‐infrared image sensing and video capturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] A highly efficient I 2 -promoted formal [3 + 1 + 2] cyclization has been developed for the synthesis of pyrimido[1,2- b ]indazole from methyl ketones and 1 H -indazol-3-amine using 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol as an ethylene surrogate. This method enriches the diversity of reactions using 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol as a C2 synthon to construct nitrogen-containing fused heterocycles. Mechanistic investigations indicated that the reaction occurs via an iodination/Kornblum oxidation/condensation/ aza -Diels-Alder cascade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high-performance multispectral photodetector with narrowband and tunable spectral sensitivity is of importance but remains highly challenging to date. Here, we have reported on the fabrication of a Si Au/n-type Si/Au photodetector with tunable narrowband sensitivity not only in ultraviolet but also in near-infrared region, which is related to the controlled charge collection narrowing (CCN) mechanism. What is more, the negative response peak of the device can be readily tuned from 365 to 605 nm, and the positive response peak can be modulated from 938 to 970 nm when the bias varies from 0.1 to −0.1 V. In particular, the full-width at half-maximum is as small as 92 and 117 nm when the negative and positive response peaks approach the ultraviolet short wavelength end and near-infrared long wavelength end, respectively. The opposite polarity of the device responses in ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared regions renders the present Si photodetector potentially important in future multiple band optoelectronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of biochar (BC) in reducing the transport of antibiotics under field conditions has not been sufficiently explored. In repacked sloping boxes of a calcareous soil, the effects of different BC treatments on the discharge of three relatively weakly sorbing antibiotics (sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and florfenicol) via runoff and drainage were monitored for three natural rain events. Surface application of 1 % BC (1 %BC-SA) led to the most effective reduction in runoff discharge of the two sulfonamide antibiotics, which can be partly ascribed to the enhanced water infiltration. The construction of 5 % BC amended permeable reactive wall (5 %BC-PRW) at the lower end of soil box was more effective than the 1 %BC-SA treatment in reducing the leaching of the most weakly sorbing antibiotic (florfenicol), which can be mainly ascribed to the much higher plant available and drainable water contents in the 5 %BC-PRW soil than in the unamended soil. The results of this study highlight the importance of BC's ability to regulate flow pattern by modifying soil hydraulic properties, which can make a significant contribution to the achieved reduction in the transport of antibiotics offsite or to groundwater. [Display omitted] • Biochar effects on antibiotic discharge via runoff and drainage were monitored. • 1 % biochar surface application could effectively reduce the runoff. • 5 % biochar amended permeable reactive wall could effectively decrease the drainage. • All biochar treatments reduced antibiotic discharge upon heavy rainfall. • Biochar effects on soil hydrology and antibiotic sorption are both important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been regarded as a potential target organ to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders. However, the effect of BAT activation on the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. Methods: Diabetic mice were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) combined with a high‐fat diet. To activate BAT, mice were administered 1 mg/kg per day, i.p., CL316,243, a β3‐adrenergic receptor agonist, for 4 weeks. Blood glucose, serum lipids, adipokines, 24‐hour urinary albumin, 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), and circulating microRNA (miRNA) levels were analyzed, in addition to renal pathology. Histological changes (fibrosis, inflammation) were evaluated in the kidneys, as was the expression of oxidative stress‐related genes. Renal signaling pathways (fibroblast growth factor [Fgf]21/β‐klotho/FGF receptor 1c and AMP‐activated protein kinase[AMPK]/sirtuin 1 [Sirt1]/peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α [Pgc1α]) were also evaluated. Results: Compared with untreated STZ‐diabetic mice, CL316,243 treatment reduced blood glucose, albeit not significantly (20.58 ± 3.55 vs 23.60 ± 3.90 mM), and significantly decreased triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Simultaneously, BAT activation significantly decreased 24‐hour urinary albumin (34.21 ± 6.28 vs 70.46 ± 15.81 μg/24 h; P < 0.05) and 8‐OHdG, improved renal fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and ameliorated renal morphological abnormalities. In addition to enhancing BAT activity, CL316,243 significantly increased serum adiponectin concentrations and renal Fgf21 sensitivity, and reactivated the renal AMPK/Sirt1/Pgc1α signaling pathway. Furthermore, CL316,243 treatment increased levels of some circulating miRNAs and downregulated expression of their target genes in the kidney. Conclusions: Activating BAT could improve kidney injury in diabetic mice via metabolic improvements and renal AMPK activation by beneficial adipokines and miRNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generation of transgenic chickens is of both biomedical and agricultural significance, and recently chicken transgenesis technology has been greatly advanced. However, major issues still exist in the efficient production of transgenic chickens. This study was designed to optimize the production of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-transgenic broilers, including egg windowing at the blunt end (air cell) of egg, and the direct transfection of circulating primordial germ cells by microinjection of the Tol2 plasmid-liposome complex into the early embryonic dorsal aorta. For egg windowing, we discovered that proper manipulation of the inner shell membrane at the blunt end could improve the rate of producing G0 transgenic roosters. From 27 G0 roosters, we successfully collected semen with EGFP-positive sperms from 16 and 19 roosters after direct fluorescence observation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses (13 detected by both methods), respectively. After artificial insemination using the G0 rooster with the highest number of EGFP fluorescent sperm, one G1 EGFP transgenic broiler (1/81, 1.23%) was generated. Our results indicate that appropriate egg windowing and screening of potentially transgene-positive roosters can improve the production of germline-transmitted transgenic birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant functional role by directly regulating respective targets in cancer stem cell (CSC)-induced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression and resistance to therapy. In this study, we found that hsa-miR-124a was downregulated during spheroid formation of the NSCLC cell lines SPC-A1 and NCI-H1650 and NSCLC tissues compared with normal lung cells and tissues. Patients with lower hsa-miR-124a expression had shorter overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Moreover, ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) was confirmed to be a direct target of hsa-miR-124a. Furthermore, concomitant low hsa-miR-124a expression and high USP14 expression were correlated with a shorter median OS and PFS in NSCLC patients. Cellular functional analysis verified that the tumor suppressor hsa-miR-124a negatively regulated cell growth and self-renewal, and promoted apoptosis and gefitinib sensitivity of lung cancer stem cells by suppressing its target gene USP14. Our results provide the first evidence that USP14 is a direct target of hsa-miR-124a, and that hsa-miR-124a inhibits stemness and enhances the gefitinib sensitivity of NSCLC cells by targeting USP14. Thus, hsa-miR-124a and USP14 may be useful as tumor biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In avian species, liver is the main site of de novo lipogenesis, and hepatic lipid metabolism relates closely to adipose fat deposition. Using our fat and lean chicken lines of striking differences in abdominal fat content, post-hatch lipid metabolism in both liver and adipose tissues has been studied extensively. However, whether molecular discrepancy for hepatic lipid metabolism exists in chicken embryos remains obscure. Results: We performed transcriptome and proteome profiling on chicken livers at five embryonic stages (E7, E12, E14, E17 and E21) between the fat and lean chicken lines. At each stage, 521, 141, 882, 979 and 169 differentially expressed genes were found by the digital gene expression, respectively, which were significantly enriched in the metabolic, PPAR signaling and fatty acid metabolism pathways. Quantitative proteomics analysis found 20 differentially expressed proteins related to lipid metabolism, PPAR signaling, fat digestion and absorption, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Combined analysis showed that genes and proteins related to lipid transport (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, and apolipoprotein A-I), lipid clearance (heat shock protein beta-1) and energy metabolism (NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 and succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit) were significantly differentially expressed between the two lines. Conclusions: For hepatic lipid metabolism at embryonic stages, molecular differences related to lipid transport, lipid clearance and energy metabolism exist between the fat and lean chicken lines, which might contribute to the striking differences of abdominal fat deposition at post-hatch stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration ( EBUS-TBNA) is commonly used for clinical diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenectasis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of EBUS-TBNA for mediastinal lymphadenectasis in a large single center. Methods A total of 846 patients who were not definitively diagnosed with mediastinal lymphadenectasis underwent EBUS-TBNA were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Results In total, 842 patients underwent EBUS-TBNA successfully. There were 589 patients with malignancy, including squamous carcinoma (118 cases; 20.6%), adenocarcinoma (187 cases; 32.7%) and small cell carcinoma (88 cases; 15.4%). A total of 253 patients were diagnosed with benign disease, including tuberculosis (111 cases; 43.9%) and sarcoidosis (93 cases; 36.7%). The diagnostic sensitivity of lung cancer, tuberculosis and sarcoidosis were 94.4%, 81.1% and 51.6%, respectively. The overall sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA was 92.0%. N2 stage in lung cancer patients who were diagnosed by EBUS-TBNA was significantly higher than other stages. The positive rate of targeted puncture is high for the lymph nodes whose short-axis diameters were larger than 1 cm. Conclusion The operation risk of EBUS-TBNA is relatively small. In diseases complicated by mediastinal lymphadenectasis, malignant diseases are most, and benign diseases mainly are granulomatous. EBUS-TBNA is a valuable diagnostic technique in patients with mediastinal lymphadenectasis whose diagnosis have not been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome caused by various cardiovascular diseases. Its main pathogenesis includes cardiomyocyte loss, myocardial energy metabolism disorder, and activation of cardiac inflammation. Due to the clinically unsatisfactory treatment of heart failure, different mechanisms need to be explored to provide new targets for the treatment of this disease. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a gene mainly related to familial hypercholesterolemia, was discovered in 2003. Aside from regulating lipid metabolism, PCSK9 may be involved in other biological processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, inflammation, and tumor immunity and related to diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, clinical data have shown that the circulating PCSK9 level is significantly increased in patients with heart failure, and it is related to the prognosis for heart failure. Furthermore, in animal models and patients with myocardial infarction, PCSK9 in the infarct margin area was also found to be significantly increased, which further suggested that PCSK9 might be closely related to heart failure. However, the specific mechanism of how PCSK9 participates in heart failure remains to be further explored. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanism of PCSK9's involvement in heart failure, thereby providing a new treatment strategy for heart failure. [Display omitted] • HF needs new treatment strategies to ameliorate its present situation. • HF's pathogenesis involved cell death, energy metabolism, inflammation etc. • PCSK9 contributes to the pathogenesis of HF and may be new target for therapy. • Several PCSK9 inhibitors have been marketed and worked in cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The earthworm gut bacterial community and enzyme activities play a key role in many soil ecosystem functions, but how the addition of different types of biochar (used to improve soil quality) regulates soil and earthworm gut bacterial communities and associated enzyme activities is scarcely understood. An experiment was conducted using soil microcosms and seven treatments: no biochar application as control, and two types of biochar (maize straw and cow dung biochar, hereafter SB and CB treatments, respectively) with three biochar application rates (20, 50, and 100 g/kg soil). Eight enzymatic activities related to C-, N- and P-cycling (used to compute a "multifunctionality" index) and the abundance and composition of bacterial communities were assessed in both the soil and earthworm guts. Our results show that earthworm gut content, characterized by lower bacterial abundance but higher enzymatic activities than soil, was strongly influenced by biochar addition. Increasing biochar application rates significantly increased the nutrient content, bacterial abundance, and multifunctionality in the earthworm guts. Owing to the difference in physicochemical properties between SB and CB, the increased gut multifunctionality was linked to the significantly modified gut bacterial community composition in CB treatments but not in SB treatments. Structural equation modeling further revealed that the changed gut multifunctionalities in both biochar treatments were mostly related to the soil and gut physicochemical properties, especially in CB treatments, while the impacts of gut microbial variables on soil multifunctionality were higher in the SB than CB treatments. These results demonstrate that the influence of biochar amendment on earthworm gut microbiome and multifunctionality depends on the type of biochar, which also regulates the contributions of earthworm gut biochemical processes to soil ecosystem functions. • Earthworm gut microbiota responds more actively to biochar addition than soil. • Higher biochar application rates induce higher earthworm gut multifunctionality. • Biochar alters the relationship between gut microbiota and multifunctionality. • Gut multifunctionality was mostly related to the physicochemical properties. • Straw biochar benefits the contribution of earthworm to soil multifunctionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new complexes, [Co(pzpa-CH)Cl] ( 1), [M(pzpa-CHCH)Cl] [M = Mn( 2), Ni( 3)], [M(cpzpa)Cl][M(HO)] ·nHO [M = Co( 4) n = 2, Zn( 5) n = 4] and [Zn(cpzpa)Cl] ·HCl ( 6) have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of MCl·4HO (M = Co, Mn, Ni, Zn) with 2-(1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenoxy acetic acid (Hpzpa) and [2-(1-Carboxymethyl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxyl acetic acid (Hcpzpa). Single-crystal X-ray analyses demonstrate that they are all mononuclear structures. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and luminescence. Graphical Abstract: Six new M(II)/pzpa, cpzpa complexes (M = Co, Mn, Ni, Zn) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The complexes 1- 6 feature mononuclear structures. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We presented an attempt to modulate the electrical property of tellurium nanowires (TeNWs) via a surface charge transfer doping method. The TeNWs with length of several tens of micrometers and diameters of 20-50 nm were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method at 160 °C for 20 h. High-resolution transmission electron microscope image combined with selected area electron diffraction pattern shows the single-crystal nature and a growth direction along [001]. Electrical analysis of the individual TeNW-based field effect transistor before and after surface coating reveals that MoO and CuPc thin layer coating can greatly enhance both electrical conductivities and hole concentrations. Such a surface hole injection effect, according to the band energy alignment, can be attributed to the huge differences in work functions between TeNW and MoO/CuPc. Furthermore, the influence of the deposited layer on carrier mobility is strikingly different, which is believed to be due to the discrepancy in surface scattering upon surface coating. The results from this study provide an effective alternative for doping other semiconductor nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report an unconventional I 2 -catalyzed cascade reaction for the synthesis of angular triquinane derivatives with a fused heterocycle skeleton, leveraging enaminones and anilines as simple acyclic precursors. The key to success lies in I 2 functioning as a polar-reversal catalyst, which alters the reactivity at the α-position of the enaminone and facilitates the first hexa-functionalization of an enaminone along with the formation of highly congested continuous stereocenters.

Insect pheromones are critical chemical signals that regulate intraspecific behavior and play a key role in the dynamic monitoring and control of pest populations. Historically, research on insect pheromones has primarily focused on lipid-based compounds. However, terpenes and terpenoids, which are widely occurring classes of bioactive compounds, also play significant roles in insect pheromone blends. Over 50 terpene and terpenoid-based pheromones have been identified in over 52 insect species, spanning various orders such as Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Blattodea, Hemiptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera. These compounds are associated with several types of pheromones, including female or male sex pheromones, aggregation pheromones, alarm pheromones, and aphrodisiac pheromones. Terpenes and terpenoids may act as either primary or secondary components of pheromone blends and influence a wide range of critical insect behaviors. They play essential roles in the physiological and ecological adaptation of insects to their environment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research on terpene and terpenoid-based pheromones in insects, examining their structures, types, and physiological and ecological functions. Additionally, we propose future research directions to guide the application of these pheromones in insect behavioral regulation and pest management, while advocating for their broader use in insect pest monitoring and control., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Defluorinative cyclization of CF 3 -alkenes has emerged as a reliable strategy for crafting intricate polycyclic frameworks. In this study, a facile defluorinative bicyclization approach was developed for the construction of 4 H ,5 H -pyrano[3,2- c ]chromenes under mild conditions involving a sequence of intramolecular cyclization and intermolecular defluoroheterocyclization. A variety of polysubstituted 4 H ,5 H -pyrano[3,2- c ]chromenes featuring C2-fluorine could be synthesized in good yields with excellent tolerance toward various functional groups. Moreover, the introduction of a C-F bond provides additional possibilities for further modification of this skeleton. The product features aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics after simple modification, which is promising for chemical and biomedical imaging.

A facile one-pot synthetic method has been developed for constructing 6- oxa -spiro[4.5]decane skeletons by merging the ring-opening of benzo[ c ]oxepines and formal 1,2-oxygen migration reactions. More than 30 examples of the 6- oxa -spiro[4.5]decane derivatives have been synthesized under transition-metal-free conditions.

A three-component annulation reaction and trifluoromethylation for the construction of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-4 H -pyrans using β-CF 3 -1,3-enynes, BrCF 2 CO 2 Et, and sulfoxonium ylides as readily available substrates has been developed. This metal-free process involves two C-F bond cleavages of β-CF 3 -1,3-enynes and a CF 3 group generated in situ from BrCF 2 CO 2 Et. This method is applicable to the late-stage modification of pharmaceutically active molecules.

Background: According to the population statistics in 2023, there were 110000 people aged over 100 years in China, and the experience of using Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) for centenarians is particularly valuable. This article reports our experience of using Paxlovid in a centenarian with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection., Case Summary: A 103-year-old female with mild COVID-19 and renal insufficiency was given sufficient Paxlovid for 2 days and a half dose for 3 days. During treatment, the patient was complicated with lung infection and heart failure, and nucleic acid remained positive. After expert consultation, a full dose of Paxlovid was given again on the 9th day of admission for 2 days and a half dose for 3 days. Meanwhile, anti-heart failure and antibiotics were administered; the heart failure and pulmonary infection were improved. Finally, on the 33 th day of admission, nucleic acid turned negative, body temperature returned to normal, cough and sputum, fatigue, poor appetite and other symptoms basically improved. The patient was given Paxlovid via nasal feeding for 2 courses without deterioration of liver and kidney function, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, myalgia, chest tightness and other side effects, and was discharged from hospital with good recovery., Conclusion: This case suggests that Paxlovid can be used cautiously in centenarians with renal insufficiency and two courses of treatment can be considered in patients with persistent positive nucleic acid., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

An unconventional [1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1] annulation process was developed for the construction of β,β-dithioketones by merging C-C and C-S bond cleavage. In this reaction, rongalite concurrently served as triple C1 units, dual sulfur(II) synthons, and a reductant for the first time. Mechanism investigation indicated that the reaction involved the self-mediated valence state change of rongalite. By performing this step-economical method, the challenging construction of C 5 -substituted 1,3-dithiane can be achieved under mild and simple conditions.

Though the evidence for antibiotic resistance spread via plant microbiome is mounting, studies regarding antibiotic resistome in the plant seed, a reproductive organ and important food resource, are still in their infancy. This study investigated the effects of long-term organic fertilization on seed bacterial endophytes, resistome, and their intergenerational transfer in the microcosm. A total of 99 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and 26 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected by high-throughput quantitative PCR. The amount of organic fertilizer applied was positively correlated to the number and relative abundance of seed-associated ARGs and MGEs. Moreover, the transmission of ARGs from the rhizosphere to the seed was mainly mediated by the shared bacteria and MGEs. Notably, the rhizosphere of progeny seedlings derived from seeds harboring abundant ARGs was found to have a higher relative abundance of ARGs. Using structural equation models, we further revealed that seed resistome and MGEs were key factors affecting the ARGs in the progeny rhizosphere, implying the seed was a potential resistome reservoir for rhizosphere soil. This study highlights the overlooked role of seed endophytes in the dissemination of resistome in the soil-plant continuum, and more attention should be paid to plant seeds as vectors of ARGs within the "One-Health" framework.

Herein, we disclose a straightforward approach to access transition-metal-free reductive N -formylation of nitroarenes. This reaction integrates the dual role of rongalite, which acts as a reductant and a C1 building block concurrently. This provides an alternative method for the synthesis of N -aryl formamides from nitroarenes, including the construction of a C-N bond. The utility of this protocol was demonstrated by scale-up synthesis and late-stage functionalizations of complex molecules.

A concise and efficient hydrodefluorination process was developed for the synthesis of gem -difluoroalkenes. This reaction employs rongalite as a masked proton source and does not require any additional catalysts or reductants. Notably, trifluoromethyl alkenes having both terminal and internal double bonds are compatible with this process, allowing for a wider range of substrates. The successful late-stage functionalizations of pharmaceuticals and gram-scale syntheses were used to demonstrate the viability of this method.

Introduction: The mechanism of internet game addiction is unclear. Whether anxiety mediates between resourcefulness and internet game addiction and whether gender affect its mediation role have not been studied previously., Methods: A total of 4,889 college students from a college in southwest China were included in this study to complete the investigation, in which three questionnaires were used for evaluation., Results: Pearson's correlation analysis indicated a remarkable negative correlation between resourcefulness with internet game addiction and anxiety, as well as a significant positive correlation between anxiety and this addiction. The structural equation model confirmed the mediation role of anxiety. The multi-group analysis confirmed the moderating role of gender in the mediation model., Discussion: These findings have advanced the results of existing studies, indicating the buffering effect of resourcefulness on internet game addiction and revealing the potential mechanism of this relationship., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Zhong, Luo, He, Lin, Zauszniewski, Zhou, Chen, Wu, Wang, Li, Tang, Li, Wu and Luo.)

An unprecedented [1+1+1+1+1+1] annulation process has been developed for the construction of tetrahydro-2 H -thiopyran 1,1-dioxides. Notably, rongalite acted as a tethered C-S synthon in this reaction and can be chemoselectively used as triple C1 units and as a source of sulfone. Mechanistic investigation indicated that two different carbon-increasing models are involved in this reaction in which rongalite serves as C1 units.

Background: Polyarthritis is the most frequent clinical manifestation in antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) forms of idiopathic inflammatory myositis and may be misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly in patients with seronegative RA (SNRA). It is unclear whether there is an overlap between ASS and RA, or if ASS sometimes mimics RA. Pulmonary hypertension (PAH) is common in connective tissue diseases (CTDs). However, published reports on CTD-PAH do not include overlapping CTDs, and its incidence and impact on patient prognosis are unclear., Case Summary: We report the case of a 63-year-old woman who presented with a 3-mo history of symptom aggravation of recurrent symmetrical joint swelling and pain that had persisted for over 10 years. The patient was diagnosed with RA and interstitial lung disease. The patient repeatedly presented to the hospital's respiratory and rheumatology departments with arthralgia, plus shortness of breath after activity. Relevant tests indicated that anti-CCP and RF remained negative, while anti-J0-1 and anti-Ro-52 were strongly positive. It was not until recently that we recognized that this could be an unusual case of SNRA with concurrent ASS. Joint pain was relieved after regular anti-rheumatic treatment. Chest computed tomography scans showed that pulmonary interstitial changes did not progress significantly over several years; however, they showed gradual widening of the pulmonary artery, and cardiac ultrasound indicated elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure. The prescribed treatment of PAH was not effective in improving shortness of breath., Conclusion: Overlap of RA and ASS may be missed. Further research is necessary to facilitate early diagnosis, effective evaluation, and prognosis., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most prevalent forms of lung cancer. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is one of the most frequently deleted tumour suppressor genes in LUAD. The present study aimed to identify a novel PTEN-associated-ceRNA regulatory network and identify potential prognostic markers associated with LUAD. Transcriptome sequencing profiles of 533 patients with LUAD were obtained from TCGA database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in LUAD samples with PTEN high- (PTEN high ) and low- (PTEN low ) expression. Eventually, an important PTEN-related marker was identified, namely, the LINC00460/miR-150-3p axis. Furthermore, the predicted target genes (EME1/HNRNPAB/PLAUR/SEMA3A) were closely related to overall survival and prognosis. The LINC00460/miR-150-3p axis was identified as a clinical prognostic factor through Cox regression analysis. Methylation analyses suggested that abnormal regulation of the predicted target genes might be caused by hypomethylation. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis showed that the LINC00460/miR-150-3p axis could alter the levels of immune infiltration in the tumour immune microenvironment, and promote the clinical progression of LUAD. To specifically induce PTEN deletion in the lungs, we constructed an STP mouse model (SFTPC-rtTA/tetO-cre/Pten flox/+ ). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis were used to detect predicted target genes. Therefore, we revealed that the PTEN-related LINC00460/miR-150-3p axis based on ceRNA mechanism plays an important role in the development of LUAD and provides a new direction and theoretical basis for its targeted therapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Xin, Shen, Jiang, Liu, Li, Hou, Wu, Jia, Wu, Fu, Ma and Jiang.)

Pd-catalyzed cascade hydroarylation and C-H germylation of nonterminal alkenes and aryl iodides enabled by hydroxyl assistance have been developed. The key step in this C-H germylation cascade is the formation of a highly reactive oxo-palladacycle intermediate, which markedly restrained the β-H elimination process. Mechanistically, control experiments indicated that the hydroxyl group played an important role in this process. This transformation shows excellent reactivity and selectivity for most substrates investigated.

In this paper, the authors report the fabrication of a sensitive deep ultraviolet (DUV) photodetector by using an individual GaSe nanobelt with a thickness of 52.1 nm, which presents the highest photoresponse at 265 nm illumination with a responsivity and photoconductive gain of about 663 A W -1 and 3103 at a 3 V bias, respectively, comparable to or even better than other reported devices based on conventional wide bandgap semiconductors. According to the simulation, this photoelectric property is associated with the wavelength-dependent absorption coefficient of the GaSe crystal, for which incident light with shorter wavelengths will be absorbed near the surface, while light with longer wavelengths will have a larger penetration depth, leading to a blueshift of the absorption edge with decreasing thickness. Further finite element method (FEM) simulation reveals that the relatively thin GaSe nanobelt exhibits an enhanced transversal standing wave pattern compared to its thicker counterpart at a wavelength of 265 nm, leading to an enhanced light-matter interaction and thereby more efficient photocurrent generation. The device can also function as an effective image sensor with acceptable spatial resolution. This work will shed light on the facile fabrication of a high-performance DUV photodetector from non-ultrawide bandgap semiconductors., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

In this work, we report on the synthesis of InSe nanobelts through a catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth approach. A remarkable blue shift of the peak photoresponse was observed when the thickness of the InSe nanobelt decreases from 562 to 165 nm. Silvaco Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulation reveals that such a shift in spectral response should be ascribed to the wavelength-dependent absorption coefficient of InSe, for which incident light with shorter wavelengths will be absorbed near the surface, while light with longer wavelengths will have a greater penetration depth, leading to a red shift of the absorption edge for thicker nanobelt devices. Considering the above theory, three kinds of photodetectors sensitive to blue (450 nm), green (530 nm), and red (660 nm) incident light were achieved by tailoring the thickness of the nanobelts, which can enable the spectral reconstruction of a purple "H" pattern, suggesting the potential application of 2D layered semiconductors in full-color imaging.

Objectives: No approved pharmacotherapies are available for patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF). In the present work, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone for the treatment of IPAF., Methods: A retrospective cohort study consisting of patients who met diagnostic criteria for IPAF was performed after a multidisciplinary review, and the patients receiving pirfenidone were compared with those in the non-pirfenidone group. The baseline data and diagnostic characteristics of patients were assessed. Pulmonary function and prednisone dose were analysed by a mix-effects model., Results: A total of 184 patients, who met the diagnostic criteria of IPAF, were divided into two groups: pirfenidone group (n=81) and non-pirfenidone group (n=103). Patients in the pirfenidone group had a lower forced vital capacity (FVC%, p<0.001) and a lower diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO%, p=0.003). The pirfenidone group exhibited a greater increase of FVC% at 6 (p=0.003), 12 (p=0.013), and 24 (p=0.003) months. After adjustment for sex, age, UIP pattern, baseline FVC% and DLCO%, patients in the pirfenidone group continued to show a greater improvement in FVC% (χ2(1)=4.59, p=0.032). Subgroup analysis identified superior therapeutic effects of pirfenidone in patients with dosage >600 mg/day (p=0.010) and medication course >12 months (p=0.007). Besides, the pirfenidone group had a lower prednisone dose than the non-pirfenidone group after 12 months of treatment (p=0.002). Moreover, 17 patients (19.32%) experienced side effects after taking pirfenidone, including one case of anaphylactic shock., Conclusions: Pirfenidone (600-1,800 mg/day) might help improve FVC, with an acceptable safety and tolerability profile in IPAF patients.

Drug resistance is a key factor in the treatment failure of clinical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after adjuvant chemotherapy. Here, our results provide the first evidence that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2b subunit delta (EIF2B4)-Stratifin (SFN) fusion and increased SFN expression are associated with chemotherapy tolerance and activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway in NSCLC patients, suggesting that SFN might have potential prognostic value as a tumor biomarker for the prognosis of patients with NSCLC., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2021 The Author(s).)

We examined the effect of microRNA-320b (miR-320b) on tumor growth and angiogenesis in lung cancer and also determined its downstream molecular mechanisms. Lung cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were collected from 66 patients with lung cancer. miR-320b expression was experimentally determined to be expressed at low level in cancer tissues. The results of gain-of-function experiments suggested that miR-320b overexpression suppressed cancer cell invasion, tube formation, tumor volume and angiogenesis in xenografted nude mice. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma (HNF4G) was identified as a target of miR-320b based on in silico analysis. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays further identified the binding relationship between HNF4G and miR-320b. Lung cancer tissues exhibited increased expression of HNF4G and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2). Meanwhile, HNF4G knockdown suppressed IGF2BP2 expression, thereby repressing cancer cell invasion and tube formation. Furthermore, IGF2BP2 modified m6A to increase the expression of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), thus promoting angiogenesis. In nude mice, restoration of TK1 reversed the suppressive effect of miR-320b overexpression on tumor growth rate and CD31 expression. In conclusion, miR-320b suppresses lung cancer growth and angiogenesis by inhibiting HNF4G, IGF2BP2 and TK1., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

We studied the application of a mobile terminal application program in endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressure measurement to improve the implementation rate of scientific ETT cuff pressure measurement and to ensure that the pressure falls within the recommended range. A pre-post controlled study lasting for 18 months was undertaken in a 40-bed general intensive care unit (GICU). This included a 6-month baseline period (baseline group) and a 6-month intervention period (intervention group). The mobile terminal application program was applied to monitor the cuff pressure of endotracheal intubation as an intervention measure during the intervention period. ETT pressure was the main outcome measure, while gender, age, causes for ICU admission, sedation score, duration of prior intubation, size of ETT, and number of VAP patients were secondary outcomes. ETT cuff pressure was monitored 742 times in both the baseline group and the intervention group. A total of 56.9% of the cuff pressure measurements in the baseline group were within the recommended range, while 78.4% of measurements in the intervention group were within the recommended range, reflecting a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The application of the mobile terminal application program used for ETT cuff pressure measurement could improve the percentage of ETT cuff pressure measurements falling within the recommended range.

Patterned growth of periodic perovskite film arrays is essential for application in sensing devices and integrated optoelectronic systems. Herein, we report on patterned growth of addressable perovskite photodetector arrays through an uncured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oligomer-assisted solution-processed approach, in which a periodic hydrophilic/hydrophobic substrate replicating the predesigned patterns of the PDMS stamp was formed due to the migration of uncured siloxane oligomers in the PDMS stamp to the intimately contacted substrate. By using this technique, MAPbI 3 film photodetector arrays with neglectable pixel-to-pixel variation, a responsivity of 2.83 A W -1 , specific detectivity of 5.4 × 10 12 Jones, and fast response speed of 52.7/57.1 μs (response/recovery time) were achieved. An 8 × 8 addressable photodetector array was further fabricated, which functioned well as a real-time image sensor with reasonable spatial resolution. It is believed that the proposed strategy will find potential application in large-scale fabrication of other photodetector arrays, which might be potentially important for future integrated optoelectronic devices.

Lung cancer has high incidence and mortality rates, in which lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a primary type of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The aim of our study was to discover long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with diagnose and prognosis for LUSC. RNA sequencing data obtained from LUSC samples were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Two prognosis-associated lncRNAs (including SFTA1P and LINC00519) were selected from LUSC samples, and the expression levels were also verified to be associated abnormal in LUSC clinical samples. Our findings demonstrate that lncRNAs SFTA1P and LINC00519 exert important functions in human LUSC and may serve as new targets for LUSC diagnosis and therapy., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2021.)

Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to overt thyroid diseases. Data on the effects of vitamin D status on thyroid function in children are less examined. The goal of the present study was to explore the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and thyroid function parameters in early childhood., Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving record-linkage of children's data of routine health check-ups for promoting early childhood development at Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital; 2869 children aged 6-24 months were included from January 2015 to May 2017. Serum 25(OH)D, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay., Results: The study population had a mean serum 25(OH)D level of 79.7 ± 28.1 nmol/L and 12.5% vitamin D deficiency and 36.0% insufficiency rates. The rates of thyroid dysfunctions detected were 2.9% hypothyroidism, 4.2% subclinical hypothyroidism, 0.9% hyperthyroidism, and 1.7% subclinical hyperthyroidism among the previously healthy children aged 6 to 24 months. Serum 25(OH)D levels had no significant correlation with TSH (r = 0.022, P = 0.236), FT3 (r = 0.014, P = 0.440) and FT4 (r = -0.059, P = 0.056) levels. No significant difference in the levels of thyroid hormones was found between the different quartiles of 25(OH)D level. Vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L] was associated with hypothyroidism (adjusted odds ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.18-3.94) but not with subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism., Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is slightly associated with hypothyroidism. No associations were found between serum 25(OH)D levels and thyroid-related measures (TSH, FT3, and FT4) in previously healthy children aged 6-24 months., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2020 Guo et al.)

An efficient rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective arylation of isatin-derived N -Boc ketimines with arylboroxines has been developed using H 8 -BINOL-derived phosphite-olefin as a chiral ligand. This method allows access to a broad variety of valuable tetrasubstituted 3-amino-2-oxindole derivatives in good yields (up to 98%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee).