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Abstract Background Concurrent ectopic pregnancies in differing anatomical locations are a rarity. It is imperative to be able to identify these cases as extrauterine pregnancies require emergent evaluation and treatment. Case We describe a case of suspected ruptured ectopic pregnancy in a low‐risk multiparous female found to have ipsilateral ovarian and tubal ectopic pregnancies on laparoscopy and subsequent pathology. Conclusion Although the co‐occurrence of these pregnancies presented as a diagnostic challenge, preoperative ultrasound imaging increased our suspicion in conjunction with laparoscopic findings. Thorough examination of the uterus and bilateral adnexa during laparoscopy is essential in identifying pathology and reducing morbidity. Furthermore, sampling or removal of suspicious concomitant lesions may aid in diagnosis. Following beta HCG trends may provide additional information in patients with unclear findings on laparoscopy.

Abstract Objectives We aimed to investigate prenatal predictors for ambulation without assistance in children following prenatal repair of open spina bifida (OSB). Methods A systematic search was conducted in three databases until June 2022. We included articles reporting on prenatal repair of open spina bifida (OSB) and ambulation outcomes. The random‐effect model was used. Effect sizes are presented as odds ratio (OR), using the Mantel–Haenszel test, with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Five studies encompassing 460 pregnancies that underwent prenatal repair of OSB of which a total of 234 had data on ambulation and were included. The follow‐up age for all included studies was 30 months. Two studies were open repairs, two were fetoscopic repairs, and one included both open and fetoscopic repairs. Of the 234 included population, ambulation without assistance occurred in 159/234, 68% (95% CI 58, 76), and ambulation with assistance occurred in 75/234, 32% (95% CI 23.6, 41.6). Significant prenatal preoperative predictors that are negatively associated with ambulation without assistance were lateral ventricle (LV) width ≥15 mm (OR: 0.29; 95% CI 0.12, 0.69, I2 = 0.0%; p

Este estudo exploratório apresenta os principais resultados da análise do rastreio (tracking) do uso de aplicações móveis por 342 jovens adultos/as (18-30 anos) em Portugal, considerando as relações de poder com base no género que podem ser refletidas nas suas utilizações. Os resultados indicam que as apps de Redes Sociais e Mensageiros são predominantes, sendo que as categorias de auto-rastreio (Saúde e Bem-estar, Fitness e Self-tracking) são as de menor uso (tendo maior peso em classes socioeconómicas favorecidas). Ainda que existam mais mulheres do que homens a utilizar essas apps, mantendo-se as estruturas genderizadas, estas plataformas digitais também poderão ser concebidas como espaços para o crescimento do auto-rastreio e do autocuidado masculino.

A história dos movimentos feministas tem sido marcada pela luta pelos direitos humanos de meninas e mulheres e pela busca por igualdade de oportunidades entre as pessoas dos diferentes gêneros, raças/etnias e classes sociais. Neste artigo, analisamos a (re)configuração dos direitos defendidos pelos movimentos de mulheres em “pós-direitos” a partir de notícias publicadas em duas plataformas digitais para mulheres: Delas (Portugal) e Universa (Brasil). Para isso, adotamos como abordagem metodológica a Análise Crítica do Discurso e suas ligações com os estudos feministas e com o realismo crítico para compreender os mecanismos da engenharia discursiva subjacente ao processo de plataformização dos direitos das mulheres em Delas e em Universa.

Este trabajo analiza los discursos de género detectados entre las trabajadoras y trabajadores en Ecuador, que fundamentan el imaginario en el que se sustenta el acoso sexual en el ámbito laboral. La metodología se apoya en el análisis del discurso aplicado a los testimonios de dieciséis grupos de discusión. Destaca la agresividad que los hombres muestran hacia sus compañeras y la condescendencia con la que ellas justifican el acoso sexual de ellos. Emerge un modelo de mujer, el de la “mujer brava”, que muestra un carácter arisco para defenderse del acoso, y que se diferencia del estereotipo tradicional de la mujer dócil y cálida. Conciben, tanto ellas como ellos, que la responsabilidad de poner límites es de las trabajadoras.

A longevidade e profundidade da reflexão iberista de Natália Correia, em ensaios ou em entrevistas e outras intervenções, ou ainda na sua própria poesia, fazem dela uma das mais convictas e relevantes iberistas da segunda metade do século XX. Porém, uma tal importância não tem sido destacada nem mesmo no âmbito dos Estudos Ibéricos, área que tem confrontado os cânones tradicionais nacionais, visibilizando fenómenos e autorias por norma subalternizadas, incluindo recentes abordagens feministas. Nesta linha, propõe-se uma leitura do iberismo de Natália Correia, atendendo tanto aos seus substratos cultural e geopolítico, em torno da defesa do valor da pluralidade, presentes no ensaio Somos todos hispanos, como à sua articulação com um discurso feminista na sua produção poética.

Neste artigo comparamos os resultados de duas análises bibliométricas das publicações portuguesas, entre 1995 e 2021, na área dos Estudos sobre as Mulheres, de Género e Feministas (EMGF), indexadas na Web of Science (WoS) e na Scopus. Na análise, destacamos os afastamentos e as convergências entre as duas bases de dados para evidenciar as tendências gerais que marcaram a produção portuguesa em EMGF publicada no decorrer de quase três décadas, e contribuir para a interpelação crítica de ambas as plataformas, do ponto de vista dos cuidados a ter na leitura dos dados que disponibilizam. Concluímos que algumas características da Scopus lhe conferem relativa vantagem sobre a WoS no que toca ao retrato da produção dos EMGF em Portugal.

Este trabalho explora o papel da linguagem na (des)construção de desigualdades, identificando a comunicação inclusiva enquanto estratégia para a promoção da diversidade e de combate aos estereótipos. Através da revisão bibliográfica sugerem-se boas-práticas para a adoção de uma linguagem inclusiva e, numa abordagem interseccional, discute-se a interação entre linguagem, discriminação e desempenho em diferentes grupos de pertença social. Propõe-se uma reflexão sobre as resistências linguísticas, políticas e sociais, propondo direções futuras, capazes de favorecer a mudança de atitudes, perceções e comportamentos, contribuindo para a concretização dos princípios da igualdade e da não-discriminação.

Neste trabalho analisaremos alguns textos legais referentes ao direito ao voto das mulheres em Portugal. O corpus é constituído por excertos da Constituição de 1822, da Carta Constitucional de 1826, das Constituições de 1838, de 1911, de 1933, de 1976 e outras leis eleitorais relevantes. Como género textual com uma dimensão política e sociocultural, o texto constitucional evidencia interações entre poder, ideologia e género, gravadas linguisticamente. A análise encetada apontará para aspetos de ordem sintático-semântica, como a quantificação ou o género gramatical. Defenderemos que a legislação eleitoral não se isenta de considerações ideológicas sobre o papel das mulheres na sociedade, numa relação entre língua, lei e poder patriarcal.

Cet article défend le développement d’un agenda de recherche glottoféministe. À partir d’une critique féministe du langage, puis en affirmant sa filiation théorique au paradigme de la performativité, ce texte propose des principes théoriques comme cadre d’une approche glottoféministe. Défendant l’apport de cette approche dans le champ des études de genre et du langage, cet article entend renouveler le débat scientifique sur les relations conflictuelles entre la norme langagière hégémonique et les pratiques langagières contre-hégémoniques, tout en explorant les tensions autour du langage inclusif, entre les institutions de l’État et telles pratiques langagières.

Recent sociopolitical movements concerning gender identity have shifted conversations about language use and meaning. Style guides reflect this shift, updating and expanding sections on inclusive language in newer editions, and codifying written communication, enabling them to dictate language practices and ideologies. By comparing editions of commonly used guides, specifically AMA, AP, APA, and MLA, we employ queer linguistics to document language change regarding singular they in academic and professional spheres. In our research on gender-non-discriminatory language, we found consistent integration of gender inclusivity into popular style guides, yet guides tend to recommend avoidance of singular they and are ambiguous about usage.

O uso da marcação de gênero não binário tem causado reações conservadoras de vários setores da sociedade brasileira. Ao usar “outres” em seu discurso de posse na Academia Brasileira de Letras, Heloísa Teixeira trouxe à luz a relevância do debate sobre a linguagem não binária em português. Neste trabalho, analisamos comentários postados no vídeo do seu discurso de posse. Examinamos a reincidência de uma retórica patologizante e/ou moralizante como forma de deslegitimar a linguagem não binária e quem a usa. A partir de uma abordagem decolonial, mostramos que as reações contra a linguagem não binária são reverberações da colonialidade do poder e do conhecimento que reproduzem uma narrativa de “degeneração” em nome de uma falaciosa pureza linguística.

In this article we discuss the possible sexist biases that arise in the use of gendermarked and unmarked linguistic structures in Spanish and their impact on the treatment of language in artificial intelligence. The first part analyses sexist biases that arise in explicit gender-marked linguistic structures and those triggered by pragmatic inferencing in unmarked structures. The second part explores the consequences that these biases may bring into the world of AI, especially in relation to tasks such as programming virtual assistants, machine translation, and sentiment analysis.

Several proposals have been presented to make Spanish more inclusive in recent decades. In the case of inclusive language for a third gender, different groups advocate for new suffixes, such as . In this work, I suggest that an option aligned with general trends in linguistic change is more likely to succeed, although intentional language planning will likely still be needed. Characteristics of a more easily adoptable third-gender suffix are presented, and each potential suffix is evaluated to determine which could be more successful from the perspective of linguistic change.

La interseccionalidad entre interculturalidad, educación y mujer es fundamental para la creación de sociedades inclusivas y equitativas. La educación intercultural no solo enriquece el aprendizaje y promueve el respeto por la diversidad, sino que también empodera a las mujeres, ofreciéndoles mayores oportunidades para su desarrollo personal y profesional. A través de la implementación de políticas y prácticas educativas que integren estas miradas, podremos avanzar hacia un mundo donde todas las personas puedan alcanzar su máximo potencial.

ObjectivesTo investigate the unique challenges faced by older women during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding social connection, feelings of loneliness, and their subsequent impact on mental health and well-being.MethodA qualitative research methodology is used to examine how older women experienced loneliness, social relationships, and mental health consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsThe results are discussed in terms of two main themes each with their sub-themes; 1. Social Connection amidst Physical Distancing Measures, 2. Impact on Mental Health and Well-being.ConclusionThe study highlights the significant impact of loneliness and social isolation on the mental health of older women during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and support systems.

Clear sex differences are observed in clinical and imaging phenotypes of multiple sclerosis (MS), which evolve significantly over the age spectrum, and more specifically, during reproductive milestones such as pregnancy and menopause. With neuroimaging being an outcome measure and also a key subclinical biomarker of subsequent clinical phenotype in MS, this comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of sex and hormone differences in structural and functional imaging biomarkers of MS, including lesion burden and location, atrophy, white matter integrity, functional connectivity, and iron distribution. Furthermore, how therapies aimed at altering sex hormones can impact imaging of women and men with MS over the lifespan is discussed. This review also explores the key intersection between age, sex, and race/ethnicity in MS, and how this intersection may affect imaging biomarkers of MS.

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Este artículo constituye un avance de investigación acerca de la relación entre el ejercicio de la maternidad y el trabajo profesional en mujeres que se emplean en empresas privadas de la región del Gran Rosario, Argentina. Uno de los aspectos relevantes de dicha investigación se refiere al modo en que el ejercicio en simultaneidad de la maternidad y de la profesión configura una subjetividad, es decir, un modo de pensar, hacer y sentir propia de este grupo de estudio. Con una metodología cualitativa y a partir de la teoría del habitus de Bourdieu examino esta simultaneidad o doble presencia/ausencia como una manera de ser, una predisposición a desplegar una serie de prácticas orientadas a ejercer el trabajo profesional, pero asumiendo la responsabilidad de las tareas domésticas y de la articulación de ambos subcampos, con la consecuente renuncia a sí mismas. Luego, desde la antropología de las emociones busco aproximarme al modo en que esta doble presencia es sentida, es decir, aprendida y expresada en los cuerpos de las mujeres, al tiempo que orienta prácticas cotidianas y trayectorias laborales, donde el agobio, el cansancio y la culpa constituyen buena parte del corpus sentipensante de estas madres trabajadoras.

BackgroundElectronic fetal heart rate monitoring (EFM) has been widely used in obstetric practice for over 40 years to improve perinatal outcomes. Its popularity is growing in Ethiopia and other sub-Saharan African countries to reduce high perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. However, its impact on delivery mode and perinatal outcomes in low-risk pregnancies remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the effect of continuous EFM on delivery mode and neonatal outcomes among low-risk laboring mothers at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA prospective follow-up study was conducted from November 20, 2023, to January 10, 2024. All low-risk laboring mothers meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Data were collected via pretested structured questionnaires and observation, then analyzed using Epi-data 4.6 and SPSS. The incidences of cesarean delivery and continuous EFM were compared using the chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test.ResultsThe study found higher rates of instrumental-assisted vaginal delivery (7% vs. 2.4%) and cesarean sections (16% vs. 2%) due to unsettling fetal heart rate patterns in the continuous EFM group compared to the intermittent auscultation group. However, there were no differences in immediate neonatal outcomes between the groups.ConclusionWhen compared to intermittent auscultation with a Pinard fetoscope, the routine use of continuous EFM among low-risk laboring mothers was associated with an increased risk of cesarean sections and instrumental vaginal deliveries, without significantly improving immediate newborn outcomes. However, it is important to note that our study faced significant logistical constraints due to the limited availability of EFM devices, which influenced our ability to use EFM comprehensively. Given these limitations, we recommend avoiding the routine use of continuous EFM for low-risk laboring mothers to help reduce the rising number of operative deliveries, particularly cesarean sections. Our findings should be interpreted with caution, and further research with adequate resources is needed to draw definitive conclusions.

BackgroundHusbands are the primary decision-makers about the place of childbirth. Lack of husbands' support for maternal health care is associated with low maternal waiting home utilization and less is known about the husbands' intention to support their wife's use of maternal waiting homes (MWHs) and underlying beliefs in Ethiopia. This community-based cross-sectional survey aimed to study husbands' intention to support during pregnancy through the use of maternity waiting homes in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 randomly selected husbands whose wives were pregnant. Interviewer-administered, a structured questionnaire developed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used to collect the data. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between behavioral intention and constructs of the theory of planned behavior.ResultsOf the 396 husbands who took part in the study, 42.7% intend to support their partner's use of a maternity waiting home. Intention to support a wife to use a maternity waiting home was associated with subjective norm [AOR = 1.303, 95% CI (1.054, 1.611)] and perceived behavioral control [AOR = 1.446, 95% CI (1.234, 1.695)]. Among the control beliefs, “having childcare”; “having a person who stays with a wife at a maternity waiting home”; and “availability of quality service provided to a wife in the maternity waiting home” significantly separated intenders and non-intenders.ConclusionThe findings suggest that husbands who perceived more social pressure and felt in control of barriers were more likely to intend to support their partner in using a maternity waiting home. Intervention should focus on underlying normative and control beliefs to improve the husband's intention.

BackgroundEvidence suggests that a combination of biological and social factors influence risk of dementia differently for women and men. In healthy older women, several factors may contribute to changes in cognition.ObjectiveDescribe the characteristics associated with variation in cognition in a sample of cognitively healthy older Panamanian women.MethodsThe study includes cross-sectional analyses of cognitive domains at baseline (n = 357) and 17-month (SD = 2.0) follow-up (n = 200) for women aged 60 years and older enrolled in the Panama Aging Research Initiative-Health Disparities (PARI-HD) study. Instruments included clinical questionnaires, physiological measures, and a neuropsychological test battery assessing global cognition and seven cognitive domains. Multiple regression analyses examined the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and cognition at baseline. Repeated measures analyses were used to investigate changes in cognition from baseline to follow-up.ResultsOn average, participants were 68.6 years of age (SD = 5.9) with 16.1 years of education (SD = 4.7). Age, income, and education showed robust associations with baseline cognition. Subjective cognitive impairment was associated with lower performance in global cognition, verbal learning, and memory domains. Only performance in the attention domain decreased at follow-up, and subjective health state and depressive symptoms significantly predicted the change in attention.DiscussionOur study findings contribute to the investigation of cognitive health in older Hispanic women and to the understanding of sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with cognitive decline and the progression to cognitive impairment and dementia.

Introduction and backgroundEarly marriage and maternity represent a violation of human rights and a barrier to achieving gender equality in education. Studies conducted across various regions and countries, including Mozambique, have highlighted the negative consequences of early marriage and maternity, particularly on adolescent girls' physical, educational and mental health. Adolescent girls who marry before the age of 18 are more prone to a broad spectrum of mood, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders. In the districts of Maganja da Costa and Morrumbala in Zambézia Province, Mozambique, high rates of early marriage persist despite government policies and interventions.Purpose statementThis study aims to understand early marriage's socio-cultural, economic, and psychological drivers and impacts on adolescent girls' lives, focusing on education, mental health, and well-being.Design and methodsThis paper used a qualitative research design. We employed a life-story approach and used purposeful sampling to identify participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 participants and the data were analysed using Tesch's thematic analysis approach.ResultsElements contributing to early marriage and pregnancy are intricately linked with socio-cultural elements. These include the induction into specific societal roles, the affirmation of childbearing, the perceived importance of dowry, the impact of rite-of-passage ceremonies, and the cultural significance associated with a girl's initial menstruation. School dropout often originates from geographical and transportation challenges, nudging adolescent girls towards early marriage. In some instances, termination of pregnancy was viewed as a solution, while engaging in sexual activities was seen as a means to inject purpose into their lives or as a response to poverty. Positive changes and emotions were evident, yet regrettably, the ramifications of early pregnancy and marriage were primarily detrimental. These influenced the adolescent girls' interpersonal connections, educational and career opportunities, emotional well-being, and access to support networks.ConclusionsThe modern perspective, which advocates for equal educational rights for boys and girls and posits that marriage should occur after the age of 18, contradicts the socio-cultural perspective of adulthood.ContributionThis study adds to the ongoing efforts to prevent and combat early marriage and maternity in Africa.

The introduction of vaccines marked a game changer in the fight against COVID-19. In sub-Saharan Africa, studies have documented the intention to vaccinate and the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. However, little is documented about how sex differences could have impacted COVID-19 vaccination. We conducted a multi-country cross-sectional study to assess the sex differences in COVID-19 vaccine uptake and intention to vaccinate in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda. This study involved analysis of data from mobile surveys conducted between March and June 2022 among nationally constituted samples of adults in each country. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were run. The self-reported uptake of COVID-19 vaccines was not significantly different between males and females (p = 0.47), while the intention to vaccinate was significantly higher among males (p = 0.008). Among males, obtaining COVID-19 information from health workers, testing for COVID-19, and having high trust in the Ministry of Health were associated with higher vaccination uptake. Among females, having high trust in the government was associated with higher vaccination uptake. For intention to vaccinate, males who resided in semi-urban areas and females who resided in rural areas had significantly higher vaccination intention compared to their counterparts in urban areas. Other factors positively associated with vaccination intention among males were trust in the World Health Organization and perceived truthfulness of institutions, while males from households with a higher socio-economic index and those who had declined a vaccine before had a lower vaccine intention. Overall, the factors differentiating vaccine uptake and intention to vaccinate among males and females were mostly related to trust in government institutions, perceived truthfulness of institutions, and respondent's residence. These factors are key in guiding the tailoring of interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in sub-Saharan Africa and similar contexts.

Epilepsy, is a serious neurological condition, characterized by recurring, unprovoked seizures and affects over 50 million people worldwide. Epilepsy has an equal prevalence in males and females, and occurs throughout the life span. Women with epilepsy (WWE) present with unique challenges due to the cyclical fluctuation of sex steroid hormone concentrations during their life course. These shifts in sex steroid hormones and their metabolites are intricately intertwined with seizure susceptibility and affect epilepsy during the life course of women in a complex manner. Here we present a review encompassing neurosteroids—steroids that act on the brain regardless of their site of synthesis in the body; the role of neurosteroids in women with epilepsy through their life-course; exogenous neurosteroid trials; and future research directions. The focus of this review is on progesterone and its derived neurosteroids, given the extensive basic research that supports their role in modulating neuronal excitability.

IntroductionHome delivery, which is the process of childbirth at one's residence rather than in a health facility, is a major reason for maternal mortality caused by obstetric complications, such as sepsis, hypertensive disorders, and hemorrhage. Maternal and child mortality remains high in developing countries despite efforts made to reduce these outcomes. This is mainly due to poor utilization of institution-based healthcare services. Moreover, there is a limited number of studies that have addressed the determinants of home delivery in Ethiopia, including the study area. This study aims to identify the determinants of home delivery in Bore District, East Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia, in 2022.MethodsA community-based unmatched case–control study was conducted from 18 May to 5 July 2022 among 498 women (249 cases and 249 controls) who gave birth in Bore District. The case group included women who gave birth at home, while the control group included those who gave their last birth at health institutions. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected using the KoboToolbox digital software and exported to SPSS Version 26.0 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to declare the statistical significance of the association of the the independent variables and home delivery.ResultsThe study included a total of 496 respondents with a mean age of 32.5 (SD = ±5.5) for the case group and 33.7 (SD = ±5.2) for the control group. Among the assessed determinants of home delivery were not attending antenatal care (ANC) visits [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.6, 95% CI: 2.0–15.16], missing pregnant women's conferences (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.65–8.32), not receiving health education on pregnancy-related complications (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.3), inadequate knowledge of pregnancy-related danger signs (AOR = 6.0, CI: 3.0–11.9), inadequate knowledge about pregnancy-related complications (AOR = 3.0, CI: 1.55–6.13), and unfavorable attitude (AOR = 6.9, 95% CI: 2.16–22.6).ConclusionIn this study, not attending ANC visits, missing pregnant women's conferences, not receiving health education on pregnancy-related complications, inadequate knowledge of pregnancy-related danger signs, inadequate knowledge about pregnancy-related complications, and unfavorable attitudes were identified as determinants of home delivery. The district health office and other stakeholders should work on strengthening maternal health service delivery through appropriate ANC visits and participation in pregnant women's conferences and improving community awareness about pregnancy at all levels.

IntroductionWorldwide, over two-thirds of people living with HIV are on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite increased ART access, high virological suppression prevalence remains out of reach. Few studies consider the quality of ART services and their impact on recipients' viral suppression. We assessed the association between ART service readiness and HIV viral load suppression among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV (WLH) receiving ART in maternal and child health (MCH) clinics in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis leveraging data from a continuous quality improvement intervention on WLH's long-term ART outcomes. From November 2016 to May 2020, we enrolled WLH from the three largest clinics in each of Kinshasa'Łs 35 health zones. We measured clinic's readiness using three WHO-identified ART care quality indicators: relevant guidelines in ART service area, stocks of essential ART medicines, and relevant staff training in ≥24 months, scoring clinics 0-3 based on observed indicators. We defined viral load suppression as ≤1,000 cp/ml. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic models were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (ORs) measuring the strength of the association between ART service readiness and viral suppression.ResultsOf 2,295 WLH, only 1.9% received care from a clinic with a score of 3, 24.1% received care from a 0-scoring clinic, and overall, 66.5% achieved virologically suppression. Suppression increased from 65% among WLH receiving care in 0-scoring clinics to 66.9% in 1-scoring clinics, 65.8% in 2-scoring clinics, and 76.1% in 3-scoring clinics. We did not observe a statistically significant association between ART service readiness score and increased viral suppression prevalence, however we did find associations between other factors, such as the location of the health center and pharmacist availability with suppressed viral load.DiscussionA lack of comprehensive ART care underscores the need for enhanced structural and organizational support to improve virological suppression and overall health outcomes for women living with HIV..

En el artículo se plantea la relación entre cuerpo, violencia y género a través del análisis de 111 dibujos realizados por niñas y niños en la ciudad de Chihuahua y el municipio de Guachochi de la sierra Tarahumara. El trabajo se llevó a cabo mediante una metodología colaborativa a través de talleres coparticipativos, lúdicos y artísticos. El análisis se concentró en comprender las diferencias de género en el contenido de las obras gráficas. Se encontró que las niñas y los niños representan la violencia de forma diferenciada, especialmente en algunos aspectos corporizados como son las posturas y la expresión facial; al mismo tiempo, encontramos marcas de género estereotipadas, por ejemplo, todas las niñas, a excepción de una, plasmaron los personajes femeninos con vestidos o faldas, sus cuerpos expresaban posturas pasivas y de sumisión ante las agresiones. Por el contrario, los niños parecen identificarse más con la figura del agresor, dibujándolos como personajes masculinos que pueden utilizar armas e incluso asesinar. Como conclusión se propone que existen consensos culturales en la performatividad de la violencia reconocidos desde la niñez, por lo tanto, la violencia se practica de acuerdo con convenciones sociales del género.

IntroductionFemale sterilisation is the most common contraceptive method used globally. The use of female sterilisation is disproportionately low in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) at just 1%. Nonetheless, the prevalence of sterilisation among married women in Malawi is quite high at about 11%. While a few recent studies in SSA have examined the relationship between women's decision-making autonomy and use of long-acting contraceptives, very few have investigated whether different dimensions of decision-making autonomy predict the use of female sterilisation differently. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the relationship between health care and contraceptive decision-making autonomy and the use of female sterilisation in Malawi.Data and methodsThe study relied on secondary data from the 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. The sample comprised 9,164 married women in Malawi that were using a modern contraceptive. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between health care and contraceptive decision-making autonomy and the use of female sterilisation, controlling for key socio-demographic characteristics.ResultsThe study revealed that the percentage of married women that made health care and contraceptive decisions independently was quite low. The main finding of this study was that contraceptive decision-making autonomy increased the relative likelihood of using female sterilisation while health care autonomy was associated with a lower likelihood of being sterilized. The socio- demographic characteristics that significantly predicted the use of female sterilisation included age, place of residence, household wealth and the number of children a woman had.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that health care and contraceptive decision making have different effects on the use of female sterilisation among married women in Malawi. Specifically, women with autonomy in health care decision making had a relatively lower likelihood of using female sterilisation while those with contraceptive decision-making autonomy had a higher likelihood of using female sterilisation. This suggests that intervention aimed at increasing the uptake of female sterilisation in Malawi need to focus on empowering women in the contraceptive decision-making domain.

IntroductionTo reduce maternal mortality by 2030, Benin needs to implement strategies for improving access to high quality emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC). This study applies an expert-based approach using sub-national travel specificities to identify and prioritize a network of EmONC maternities that maximizes both population coverage and functionality.MethodsWe conducted a series of workshops involving international, national, and department experts in maternal health to prioritize a set of EmONC facilities that meet international standards. Geographical accessibility modeling was used together with EmONC availability to inform the process. For women in need of EmONC, experts provided insights into travel characteristics (i.e., modes and speeds of travel) specific to each department, enabling more realistic travel times estimates modelled with the AccessMod software.ResultsThe prioritization approach resulted in the selection of 109 EmONC maternities from an initial group of 125 designated maternities. The national coverage of the population living within an hour's drive of the nearest EmONC maternity increased slightly from 92.6% to 94.1% after prioritization. This increase in coverage was achieved by selecting maternities with sufficient obstetrical activities to be upgraded to EmONC maternities in the Plateau and Atlantique departments.ConclusionThe prioritization approach enabled Benin to achieve the minimum EmONC availability, while ensuring very good geographical accessibility to the prioritized network. Limited human and financial resources can now be targetted towards a smaller number of EmONC facilities to make them fully functioning in the medium-term. By implementing this strategy, Benin aims to reduce maternal mortality rates and deliver effective, high-quality obstetric and neonatal care, especially during emergencies.

Neste artigo, analisamos as experiências e práticas do parto entre mulheres escravizadas, libertas e livres, africanas e descendentes, no contexto da escravidão urbana no Rio de Janeiro na primeira metade do século XIX. Neste período, o papel da parteira era tradicionalmente praticado por mulheres cujas vidas passaram principalmente pela escravidão, e cujos conhecimentos eram forjados e transmitidos através da prática e da oralidade. A partir de documentos da Fisicatura-mor, de anúncios de fuga publicados pela imprensa diária, de teses de conclusão do curso de medicina, de casos clínicos publicados em periódicos médicos e da literatura de viajantes europeus, neste artigo, enfocamos o cenário da assistência ao parto, o perfil das mulheres negras que atuaram como parteiras no Rio de Janeiro ao longo da primeira metade do século XIX, e as experiências do parto para mulheres africanas e descendentes.

Em 1802, Úrsula Villalón, moradora da cidade de Santiago, iniciou um processo civil contra seu pai Fermín Villalón, com o objetivo de recuperar o domínio e a propriedade de Marcelina, uma mulher escravizada doada a ela por seus avós maternos. O conflito familiar expõe alguns elementos centrais que faziam parte da escravidão urbana e doméstica, além de fornecer pistas sobre o mercado local escravista na cidade de Santiago do Chile colonial. Principalmente, permite pensar sobre o valor que a escravização de mulheres significava no final do século XVIII e nos primeiros anos do século XIX. Marcelina, uma mulher escravizada, era considerada uma “peça” e uma “propriedade” altamente valorizada como produto, produtora e reprodutora da escravidão, pois representava um conjunto de possibilidades e interesses econômicos e sociais, que proponho sublinhar ao longo deste artigo.

La llegada de los europeos al Nuevo Mundo estimuló el comercio de esclavos. Se calcula que cerca de 11 millones de personas fueron traídas desde África a nuestro continente durante los siglos en que se desarrolló la trata negrera y que aproximadamente un tercio de aquellos esclavizados que ingresaron a la América española eran mujeres. En este trabajo describiremos, a partir del análisis de distintas fuentes documentales, algunas de las dolencias padecidas con más frecuencia por las mujeres esclavizadas que habitaron Córdoba, actualmente provincia de la República Argentina, en las últimas décadas del período colonial y el comienzo de la etapa independiente, indagando en los factores que ponían en riesgo su salud.

Apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa inédita sobre a história do parto e do partejar no litoral da Bahia, ao longo do século XX. Através da memória dos habitantes de Matarandiba (Bahia), refletiremos sobre as peculiaridades do nascimento, os atravessamentos de gênero e raça, e sinalizaremos para o apagamento dessas tradições. Sob uma perspectiva decolonial, esse estudo se somará a outros que discutem o nascimento na Bahia, na longa duração. Haverá uma perene interlocução com a tradição do parto, em Salvador, a partir das pesquisas historiográficas recentes, e de etnografias realizadas na primeira metade do século XX. Há cerca de três décadas observamos a negação das práticas de matrizes africana e indígena, interrompendo a transmissão transgeracional de saberes e contribuindo para o apagamento da memória e da história das comunidades da maré.

Esta revisión busca comprender las experiencias, demandas y los efectos político-sociales de los movimientos de la discapacidad en Latinoamérica desde una perspectiva crítica feminista. Se realizó una revisión de 39 artículos científicos. El reconocimiento y la incidencia política son las principales demandas del movimiento, y la Convención sobre Derechos de Personas con Discapacidad alentó la reivindicación de derechos, aun cuando presenta limitaciones en su implementación. En conclusión, se denota que pocos estudios incluyen un análisis interseccional, no obstante, identifican las complejidades de las inequidades sociales presentes en Latinoamérica. Considerar una perspectiva interseccional permitiría comprender la discapacidad como problemática amplia, evitando categorías identitarias y evidenciando las posibles alianzas entre los colectivos para las luchas comunes y la transformación social.

A Encíclica Laudato Si’ (louvado sejas), do Papa Francisco, tornou-se uma referência incontornável nos debates contemporâneos sobre a questão ecológica por ser um texto com um diagnóstico fundamentado da situação de crise global que o mundo atravessa, apontando propostas importantes para a enfrentar. Texto de diálogo e aberto ao diálogo, contudo, essa abertura não se refere às mulheres, dado que reproduz o olhar tradicional sobre elas, um olhar que as vê, mas não as toma em linha de conta, como aponta o título escolhido para este trabalho, onde se pretende mapear, na Encíclica, os traços que demonstram que ela não contou com as mulheres, antes, as ignorou ou retomou perspectivas doutrinais que as secundarizam e diminuem o seu valor social e ontológico, ignorando, assim, as décadas de debates que as mulheres, dentro e fora da Igreja, têm desenvolvido em torno do que significa ser mulher.

Este artículo describe y analiza el surgimiento del activismo de un grupo de mujeres que denuncian el robo de sus hijos/as al nacer en Argentina y los/as están buscando. A partir de observaciones y entrevistas con estas madres buscadoras se analizan, por un lado, las nociones a las que apelan para dotar de legitimidad a sus reclamos y oponerse a la sospecha que se erige sobre ellas como malas madres que entregaron y/o abandonaron a sus hijos/as. Y, por otro lado, las condiciones de posibilidad para la emergencia de este activismo y las particularidades que le imprime la configuración local de los derechos humanos y de los derechos de las mujeres. Se postula como hipótesis que las prácticas de robo de niños/as que denuncian estas mujeres constituyen formas específicas de violencia inscriptas en tramas sociales de desigualdad de género, clase y edad.

A sexualidade de mulheres com deficiência vem sendo tratada como tabu por mães e pessoas que trabalham de maneira muito próxima a essas mulheres. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as narrativas de mães e profissionais sobre a sexualidade das mulheres com Síndrome de Down (SD). Para isso foram realizadas entrevistas com mães de pessoas com SD e com profissionais que trabalham diretamente com tais indivíduos. Os resultados mostram que o silêncio é a norma. As participantes da pesquisa ficaram visivelmente incomodadas de falar sobre o tema e quando falaram disseram que as mulheres com Síndrome de Down não são independentes no que diz respeito aos seus próprios corpos. Uma das consequências graves da negação ao direito básico pelos seus corpos é o alto número de violência sexual sofrida pelas mulheres com Síndrome de Down.