48,998 results on '"Williams, J."'
Search Results
202. OPTIMIZATION OF A CLINICALLY VALIDATED CART FLOW ASSAY FOR COMMERCIAL ANTI-CD19 CART T-CELL THERAPY AND UNIVERSAL ASSAYS FOR DETECTION OF NOVEL CAR-T CONSTRUCTS
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Denlinger, N., primary, Doseck, N., additional, Pearson, R., additional, Bradbury, H., additional, Williams, J., additional, Brown, D., additional, Skinner, R., additional, Stauffer, E., additional, Dorado, J., additional, Romanoff, N., additional, Elsberry, D., additional, Nelson, S., additional, Howitz, M., additional, Mead, T., additional, Fenske, B., additional, Nichols, S., additional, Daneault, B., additional, Chan, W., additional, Alinari, L., additional, Krull, A., additional, Vasu, S., additional, Lozanski, G., additional, de Lima, M., additional, and O'Donnell, L., additional
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- 2024
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203. ESTABLISHMENT OF A CGMP-COMPLIANT TUMOR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES (TILS) MANUFACTURING PLATFORM AT AN ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER
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Williams, J., primary, Bradbury, H., additional, Gutiérrez-García, A., additional, Azar, J., additional, Doseck, N., additional, Brown, D., additional, Wang, R., additional, Auker, M., additional, Jiang, Z., additional, He, K., additional, Rubinstein, M.P., additional, O'Donnell, L., additional, and Krull, A., additional
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- 2024
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204. What Next After MBSR/MBCT? An Open Trial of an 8-Week Follow-on Program Exploring Mindfulness of Feeling Tone (vedanā)
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Williams, J. Mark G., Baer, Ruth, Batchelor, Martine, Crane, Rebecca S., Cullen, Chris, De Wilde, Kath, Fennell, Melanie J. V., Kantor, Linda, Kirby, Janine, Ma, S. Helen, Medlicott, Emma, Gerber, Barbara, Johnson, Mandy, Ong, Ee-Lin, Peacock, John W., Penman, Danny, Phee, Andy, Radley, Lucy, Watkin, Matthew, and Taylor, Laura
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- 2022
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205. Observation of ultracold atomic bubbles in orbital microgravity
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Carollo, R. A., Aveline, D. C., Rhyno, B., Vishveshwara, S., Lannert, C., Murphree, J. D., Elliott, E. R., Williams, J. R., Thompson, R. J., and Lundblad, N.
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- 2022
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206. The ALMA Lupus protoplanetary disk survey: evidence for compact gas disks and molecular rings from CN
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van Terwisga, S. E., van Dishoeck, E. F., Cazzoletti, P., Facchini, S., Trapman, L., Williams, J. P., Manara, C. F., Miotello, A., van der Marel, N., Ansdell, M., Hogerheijde, M. R., Tazzari, M., and Testi, L.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
The cyanide radical CN is abundant in protoplanetary disks, with line fluxes often comparable to those of $^{13}$CO. It is known to be sensitive to UV irradiation of the upper disk atmosphere, with models predicting ring-shaped emission. We seek to characterize the CN emission from 94 Class II disks in the Lupus star forming region, compare it to observations in other regions, and interpret our observations with a grid of models. The CN emission morphology is discussed for two primordial disks, Sz 71 and Sz 98, and modeled in more detail. ALMA observed CN N=3-2 in Lupus disks down to sensitivities better than previous surveys. Models constructed with the physico-chemical code DALI are used to study the integrated fluxes of the disks and resolved emission of CN in disks without (dust) substructures. We find that CN N=3-2 is bright, and detected in 38% of sources, but its disk-integrated flux is not strongly correlated to either $^{13}$CO or continuum flux. Compared to pre-ALMA single-dish surveys, no significant difference in the CN flux distributions in Lupus and Taurus-Auriga is found, although $\rho$ Ophiuchus disks may be fainter on average. We find ring-shaped CN emission with peak radii of ~50 AU in two resolved disks. We conclude that a large fraction of sources is faint in CN; only exponential gas surface density cutoffs at $R_{c} \leq 15$ AU can reconcile observations with models. This is the first observational evidence of such a compact gas disk population in Lupus. Absolute intensities and the emission morphology of CN are reproduced by DALI models without the need for any continuum substructure; they are unrelated to the CO snowline location. These observations and the successful modeling of these rings provide a new probe of the structure and conditions in disks, and particularly their incident UV radiation field, if disk size is determined by the data., Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, A&A accepted
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- 2018
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207. Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70
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Keppler, M., Benisty, M., Müller, A., Henning, Th., van Boekel, R., Cantalloube, F., Ginski, C., van Holstein, R. G., Maire, A. -L., Pohl, A., Samland, M., Avenhaus, H., Baudino, J. -L., Boccaletti, A., de Boer, J., Bonnefoy, M., Chauvin, G., Desidera, S., Langlois, M., Lazzoni, C., Marleau, G., Mordasini, C., Pawellek, N., Stolker, T., Vigan, A., Zurlo, A., Birnstiel, T., Brandner, W., Feldt, M., Flock, M., Girard, J., Gratton, R., Hagelberg, J., Isella, A., Janson, M., Juhasz, A., Kemmer, J., Kral, Q., Lagrange, A. -M., Launhardt, R., Matter, A., Ménard, F., Milli, J., Mollière, P., Olofsson, J., Perez, L., Pinilla, P., Pinte, C., Quanz, S. P., Schmidt, T., Udry, S., Wahhaj, Z., Williams, J. P., Buenzli, E., Cudel, M., Dominik, C., Galicher, R., Kasper, M., Lannier, J., Mesa, D., Mouillet, D., Peretti, S., Perrot, C., Salter, G., Sissa, E., Wildi, F., Abe, L., Antichi, J., Augereau, J. -C., Baruffolo, A., Baudoz, P., Bazzon, A., Beuzit, J. -L., Blanchard, P., Brems, S. S., Buey, T., De Caprio, V., Carbillet, M., Carle, M., Cascone, E., Cheetham, A., Claudi, R., Costille, A., Delboulbé, A., Dohlen, K., Fantinel, D., Feautrier, P., Fusco, T., Giro, E., Gisler, D., Gluck, L., Gry, C., Hubin, N., Hugot, E., Jaquet, M., Mignant, D. Le, Llored, M., Madec, F., Magnard, Y., Martinez, P., Maurel, D., Meyer, M., Moeller-Nilsson, O., Moulin, T., Mugnier, L., Origne, A., Pavlov, A., Perret, D., Petit, C., Pragt, J., Puget, P., Rabou, P., Ramos, J., Rigal, F., Rochat, S., Roelfsema, R., Rousset, G., Roux, A., Salasnich, B., Sauvage, J. -F., Sevin, A., Soenke, C., Stadler, E., Suarez, M., Turatto, M., and Weber, L.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Young circumstellar disks are of prime interest to understand the physical and chemical conditions under which planet formation takes place. Only very few detections of planet candidates within these disks exist, and most of them are currently suspected to be disk features. In this context, the transition disk around the young star PDS 70 is of particular interest, due to its large gap identified in previous observations, indicative of ongoing planet formation. We aim to search for the presence of planets and search for disk structures indicative for disk-planet interactions and other evolutionary processes. We analyse new and archival near-infrared (NIR) images of the transition disk PDS 70 obtained with the VLT/SPHERE, VLT/NaCo and Gemini/NICI instruments in polarimetric differential imaging (PDI) and angular differential imaging (ADI) modes. We detect a point source within the gap of the disk at about 195 mas (about 22 au) projected separation. The detection is confirmed at five different epochs, in three filter bands and using different instruments. The astrometry results in an object of bound nature, with high significance. The comparison of the measured magnitudes and colours to evolutionary tracks suggests that the detection is a companion of planetary mass. We confirm the detection of a large gap of about 54 au in size within the disk in our scattered light images, and detect a signal from an inner disk component. We find that its spatial extent is very likely smaller than about 17 au in radius. The images of the outer disk show evidence of a complex azimuthal brightness distribution which may in part be explained by Rayleigh scattering from very small grains. Future observations of this system at different wavelengths and continuing astrometry will allow us to test theoretical predictions regarding planet-disk interactions, planetary atmospheres and evolutionary models., Comment: 23 pages, accepted by A&A
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- 2018
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208. High-contrast imaging of HD 163296 with the Keck/NIRC2 L'-band vortex coronograph
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Guidi, G., Ruane, G., Williams, J. P., Mawet, D., Testi, L., Zurlo, A., Absil, O., Bottom, M., Choquet, E., Christiaens, V., Castellá, B. Femenía, Huby, E., Isella, A., Kastner, J., Meshkat, T., Reggiani, M., Riggs, A., Serabyn, E., and Wallack, N.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
We present observations of the nearby (D$\sim$100\,pc) Herbig star HD~163296 taken with the vortex coronograph at Keck/NIRC2 in the L' band (3.7~$\mu$m), to search for planetary mass companions in the ringed disc surrounding this pre-main sequence star. The images reveal an arc-like region of scattered light from the disc surface layers that is likely associated with the first bright ring detected with ALMA in the $\lambda$=1.3mm dust continuum at $\sim$65~au. We also detect a point-like source at $\sim$0\farcs5 projected separation in the North-East direction, close to the inner edge of the second gap in the millimetre images. Comparing the point source photometry with the atmospheric emission models of non-accreting giant planets, we obtain a mass of 6--7~M$_J$ for a putative protoplanet, assuming a system age of 5~Myr. Based on the contrast at a 95\% level of completeness calculated on the emission-free regions of our images, we set upper limits for the masses of giant planets of 8--15~M$_J$, 4.5--6.5~M$_J$ and 2.5-4.0~M$_J$ at the locations of the first, second and third gap in the millimetre dust continuum, respectively. Further deep, high resolution thermal IR imaging of the HD~163296 system are warranted, to confirm the presence and nature of the point source and to better understand the structure of the dust disc., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. Accepted by MNRAS
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- 2018
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209. Frustrated Coulomb explosion of small helium clusters
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Kazandjian, S., Rist, J., Weller, M., Wiegandt, F., Aslitürk, D., Grundmann, S., Kircher, M., Nalin, G., Pitters, D., Pérez, I. Vela, Waitz, M., Schiwietz, G., Griffin, B., Williams, J. B., Dörner, R., Schöffler, M., Miteva, T., Trinter, F., Jahnke, T., and Sisourat, N.
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Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters - Abstract
Almost ten years ago, energetic neutral hydrogen atoms were detected after a strong-field double ionization of H$_2$. This process, called 'frustrated tunneling ionization', occurs when an ionized electron is recaptured after being driven back to its parent ion by the electric field of a femtosecond laser. In the present study we demonstrate that a related process naturally occurs in clusters without the need of an external field: we observe a charge hopping that occurs during a Coulomb explosion of a small helium cluster, which leads to an energetic neutral helium atom. This claim is supported by theoretical evidence. As an analog to 'frustrated tunneling ionization', we term this process 'frustrated Coulomb explosion'.
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- 2018
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210. Exploring DCO$^+$ as a tracer of thermal inversion in the disk around the Herbig Ae star HD163296
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Salinas, V. N., Hogerheijde, M. R., Murillo, N. M., Mathews, G. S., Qi, C., Williams, J. P., and Wilner, D. J.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We aim to reproduce the DCO$^+$ emission in the disk around HD163296 using a simple 2D chemical model for the formation of DCO$^+$ through the cold deuteration channel and a parametric treatment of the warm deuteration channel. We use data from ALMA in band 6 to obtain a resolved spectral imaging data cube of the DCO$^+$ $J$=3--2 line in HD163296 with a synthesized beam of 0."53$\times$ 0."42. We adopt a physical structure of the disk from the literature that reproduces the spectral energy distribution. We then apply a simplified chemical network for the formation of DCO$^+$ that uses the physical structure of the disk as parameters along with a CO abundance profile, a constant HD abundance and a constant ionization rate. Finally, from the resulting DCO$^+$ abundances, we calculate the non-LTE emission using the 3D radiative transfer code LIME. The observed DCO$^+$ emission is reproduced by a model with cold deuteration producing abundances up to $1.6\times 10^{-11}$. Warm deuteration, at a constant abundance of $3.2\times 10^{-12}$, becomes fully effective below 32 K and tapers off at higher temperatures, reproducing the lack of DCO$^+$ inside 90 AU. Throughout the DCO$^+$ emitting zone a CO abundance of $2\times 10^{-7}$ is found, with $\sim$99\% of it frozen out below 19 K. At radii where both cold and warm deuteration are active, warm deuteration contributes up to 20\% of DCO$^+$, consistent with detailed chemical models. The decrease of DCO$^+$ at large radii is attributed to a temperature inversion at 250 AU, which raises temperatures above values where cold deuteration operates. Increased photodesorption may also limit the radial extent of DCO$^+$. The corresponding return of the DCO$^+$ layer to the midplane, together with a radially increasing ionization fraction, reproduces the local DCO$^+$ emission maximum at $\sim$260 AU., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted 7th July 2018
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- 2018
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211. Alma Survey Of Circumstellar Disks In The Young Stellar Cluster IC 348
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Ruíz-Rodríguez, D., Cieza, L. A., Williams, J. P., Andrews, S. M., Principe, D. A., Caceres, C., Canovas, H., Casassus, S., Schreiber, M. R., and Kastner, J. H.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present a 1.3 mm continuum survey of the young (2-3 Myr) stellar cluster IC 348, which lies at a distance of 310 pc, and is dominated by low-mass stars (M$_{\star}$ $\sim$ 0.1-0.6 M$_{\odot}$). We observed 136 Class II sources (disks that are optically thick in the infrared) at 0.8$''$ (200 au) resolution with a 3$\sigma$ sensitivity of $\sim$ 0.45 mJy (M$_{\rm dust}$ $\sim$ 1.3 M$_{\oplus}$). We detect 40 of the targets and construct a mm-continuum luminosity function. We compare the disk mass distribution in IC 348 to those of younger and older regions, taking into account the dependence on stellar mass. We find a clear evolution in disk masses from 1 to 5-10 Myr. The disk masses in IC 348 are significantly lower than those in Taurus (1-3 Myr) and Lupus (1-3 Myr), similar to those of Chamaleon~I, (2-3 Myr) and $\sigma$ Ori (3-5 Myr) and significantly higher than in Upper Scorpius (5$-$10 Myr). About 20 disks in our sample ($\sim$5$\%$ of the cluster members) have estimated masses (dust $+$ gas) $>$1 M$_{\rm Jup}$ and hence might be the precursors of giant planets in the cluster. Some of the most massive disks include transition objects with inner opacity holes based on their infrared SEDs. From a stacking analysis of the 96 non-detections, we find that these disks have a typical dust mass of just $\lesssim$ 0.4 M$_{\oplus}$, even though the vast majority of their infrared SEDs remain optically thick and show little signs of evolution. Such low-mass disks may be the precursors of the small rocky planets found by \emph{Kepler} around M-type stars., Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures
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- 2018
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212. Projectile motion: the 'coming and going' phenomenon
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Ribeiro, Williams J. M. and de Sousa, J. Ricardo
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Physics - Classical Physics - Abstract
An interesting phenomenon that occurs in projectile motion, the "coming and going", is analyzed considering linear air resistance force. By performing both approximate and numerical analysis, it is showed how a determined critical angle and an interesting geometrical property of projectiles can change due to variation on the linear air resistance coefficient.
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- 2018
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213. Protoplanetary Disk Properties in the Orion Nebula Cluster: Initial Results from Deep, High-Resolution ALMA Observations
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Eisner, J. A., Arce, H. G., Ballering, N. P., Bally, J., Andrews, S. M., Boyden, R. D., Di Francesco, J., Fang, M., Johnstone, D., Kim, J. S., Mann, R. K., Matthews, B., Pascucci, I., Ricci, L., Sheehan, P. D., and Williams, J. P.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present ALMA 850 $\mu$m continuum observations of the Orion Nebula Cluster that provide the highest angular resolution ($\sim 0\rlap{.}''1 \approx 40$ AU) and deepest sensitivity ($\sim 0.1$ mJy) of the region to date. We mosaicked a field containing $\sim 225$ optical or near-IR-identified young stars, $\sim 60$ of which are also optically-identified "proplyds". We detect continuum emission at 850 $\mu$m towards $\sim 80$% of the proplyd sample, and $\sim 50$% of the larger sample of previously-identified cluster members. Detected objects have fluxes of $\sim 0.5$-80 mJy. We remove sub-mm flux due to free-free emission in some objects, leaving a sample of sources detected in dust emission. Under standard assumptions of isothermal, optically thin disks, sub-mm fluxes correspond to dust masses of $\sim 0.5$ to 80 Earth masses. We measure the distribution of disk sizes, and find that disks in this region are particularly compact. Such compact disks are likely to be significantly optically thick. The distributions of sub-mm flux and inferred disk size indicate smaller, lower-flux disks than in lower-density star-forming regions of similar age. Measured disk flux is correlated weakly with stellar mass, contrary to studies in other star forming regions that found steeper correlations. We find a correlation between disk flux and distance from the massive star $\theta^1$ Ori C, suggesting that disk properties in this region are influenced strongly by the rich cluster environment., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
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- 2018
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214. V1094 Sco: a rare giant multi-ringed disk around a T Tauri star
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van Terwisga, S. E., van Dishoeck, E. F., Ansdell, M., van der Marel, N., Testi, L., Williams, J. P., Facchini, S., Tazzari, M., Hogerheijde, M. R., Trapman, L., Manara, C. F., Miotello, A., Maud, L. T., and Harsono, D.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
A wide variety of ring-like dust structures has been detected in protoplanetary disks, but their origin and frequency are still unclear. We characterize the structure of an extended, multi-ringed disk discovered serendipitously in the ALMA Lupus disk survey and put it in the context of the Lupus disk population. ALMA observations in Band 6 at 234 GHz and Band 7 at 328 GHz at 0.3" resolution toward the K6 star V1094 Sco in Lupus III are presented, and its disk structure is analyzed. The spectral index $\alpha_{mm}$ is determined in the inner 150 AU of the disk. The ALMA continuum data show a very extended disk with two gap/ring pairs. The gaps are located at 100 AU and 170 AU, the bright rings at 130 AU and 220 AU. Continuum emission is detected out to a 300 AU distance, similar to IM Lup but a factor of 5 larger than typically found for Lupus disks at this sensitivity and resolution. The bright central region of the disk (within 35 AU) is possibly optically thick at 1 mm wavelengths, and has a brightness temperature of only 13 K. The spectral index increases between the inner disk and the first ring, at the location of the first gap. Due to the low temperature of the disk midplane, snow lines can be excluded as the drivers behind the ring and gap formation in this disk. Disks the size of V1094 Sco are rare, and only 2.1+-1.5% of disks in Lupus show continuum emission beyond 200 AU. Possible connections between the large primordial disk population, transition disks, and exoplanets are discussed., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
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- 2018
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215. Separating Dipole and Quadrupole Contributions to Single-Photon Double Ionization
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Grundmann, S., Trinter, F., Bray, A. W., Eckart, S., Rist, J., Kastirke, G., Metz, D., Klumpp, S., Viefhaus, J., Schmidt, L. Ph. H., Williams, J. B., Dörner, R., Jahnke, T., Schöffler, M. S., and Kheifets, A. S.
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Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
We report on a kinematically complete measurement of double ionization of helium by a single 1100 eV circularly polarized photon. By exploiting dipole selection rules in the two-electron continuum state, we observed the angular emission pattern of electrons originating from a pure quadrupole transition. Our fully differential experimental data and companion ab initio nonperturbative theory show the separation of dipole and quadrupole contributions to photo-double-ionization and provide new insight into the nature of the quasifree mechanism., Comment: 5 Pages, 3 Figures
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- 2018
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216. ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks II: Gas Disk Radii
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Ansdell, M., Williams, J. P., Trapman, L., van Terwisga, S. E., Facchini, S., Manara, C. F., van der Marel, N., Miotello, A., Tazzari, M., Hogerheijde, M., Guidi, G., Testi, L., and van Dishoeck, E. F.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
We present ALMA Band 6 observations of a complete sample of protoplanetary disks in the young (1-3 Myr) Lupus star-forming region, covering the 1.33 mm continuum and the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J=2-1 lines. The spatial resolution is 0.25 arcsec with a medium 3-sigma continuum sensitivity of 0.30 mJy, corresponding to M_dust ~ 0.2 M_earth. We apply "Keplerian masking" to enhance the signal-to-noise ratios of our 12CO zero-moment maps, enabling measurements of gas disk radii for 22 Lupus disks; we find that gas disks are universally larger than mm dust disks by a factor of two on average, likely due to a combination of the optically thick gas emission as well as the growth and inward drift of the dust. Using the gas disk radii, we calculate the dimensionless viscosity parameter, alpha_visc, finding a broad distribution and no correlations with other disk or stellar parameters, suggesting that viscous processes have not yet established quasi-steady states in Lupus disks. By combining our 1.33 mm continuum fluxes with our previous 890 micron continuum observations, we also calculate the mm spectral index, alpha_mm, for 70 Lupus disks; we find an anti-correlation between alpha_mm and mm flux for low-mass disks (M_dust < 5), followed by a flattening as disks approach alpha_mm = 2, which could indicate faster grain growth in higher-mass disks, but may also reflect their larger optically thick components. In sum, this work demonstrates the continuous stream of new insights into disk evolution and planet formation that can be gleaned from unbiased ALMA disk surveys., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures; accepted to ApJ
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- 2018
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217. A UV-to-NIR Study of Molecular Gas in the Dust Cavity Around RY Lupi
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Arulanantham, N., France, K., Hoadley, K., Manara, C. F., Schneider, P. C., Alcalá, J. M., Banzatti, A., Günther, H. M., Miotello, A., van der Marel, N., van Dishoeck, E. F., Walsh, C., and Williams, J. P.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present a study of molecular gas in the inner disk $\left(r < 20 \, \text{AU} \right)$ around RY Lupi, with spectra from HST-COS, HST-STIS, and VLT-CRIRES. We model the radial distribution of flux from hot gas in a surface layer between $r = 0.1-10$ AU, as traced by Ly$\alpha$-pumped H$_2$. The result shows H$_2$ emission originating in a ring centered at $\sim$3 AU that declines within $r < 0.1$ AU, which is consistent with the behavior of disks with dust cavities. An analysis of the H$_2$ line shapes shows that a two-component Gaussian profile $\left(\text{FWHM}_{broad, H_2} = 105 \pm 15 \, \text{km s}^{-1}; \, \text{FWHM}_{narrow, H_2} = 43 \pm 13 \, \text{km s}^{-1} \right)$ is statistically preferred to a single-component Gaussian. We interpret this as tentative evidence for gas emitting from radially separated disk regions $\left( \left \langle r_{broad, H_2} \right \rangle \sim 0.4 \pm 0.1 \, \text{AU}; \, \left \langle r_{narrow, H_2} \right \rangle \sim 3 \pm 2 \, \text{AU} \right)$. The 4.7 $\mu$m $^{12}$CO emission lines are also well fit by two-component profiles $\left( \left \langle r_{broad, CO} \right \rangle = 0.4 \pm 0.1 \, \text{AU}; \, \left \langle r_{narrow, CO} \right \rangle = 15 \pm 2 \, \text{AU} \right)$. We combine these results with 10 $\mu$m observations to form a picture of gapped structure within the mm-imaged dust cavity, providing the first such overview of the inner regions of a young disk. The HST SED of RY Lupi is available online for use in modeling efforts., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
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- 2018
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218. A perturbative approach to the construction of initial data on compact manifolds
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Kroon, J. A. Valiente and Williams, J. L.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
We discuss the implementation, to the case of compact manifolds, of the perturbative method of Friedrich-Butscher for the construction of solutions to the vaccum Einstein constraint equations. This method is of a perturbative nature and exploits the properties of the extended constraint equations ---a larger system of equations whose solutions imply a solution to the Einstein constraints. The method is applied to the construction of nonlinear perturbations of constant mean curvature initial data of constant negative sectional curvature. We prove the existence of a neighbourhood of solutions to the constraint equations around such initial data, with particular components of the extrinsic curvature and electric/magnetic parts of the spacetime Weyl curvature prescribed as free data. The space of such free data is parametrised explicitly.
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- 2018
219. Imaging the square of the correlated two-electron wave function of a hydrogen molecule
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Waitz, M., Bello, R. Y., Metz, D., Lower, J., Trinter, F., Schober, C., Keiling, M., Lenz, U., Pitzer, M., Mertens, K., Martins, M., Viefhaus, J., Klumpp, S., Weber, T., Schmidt, L. Ph. H., Williams, J. B., Schöffler, M. S., Serov, V. V., Kheifets, A. S., Argenti, L., Palacios, A., Martin, F., Jahnke, T., and Dörner, R.
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Physics - Atomic Physics ,Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters - Abstract
The toolbox for imaging molecules is well-equipped today. Some techniques visualize the geometrical structure, others the electron density or electron orbitals. Molecules are many-body systems for which the correlation between the constituents is decisive and the spatial and the momentum distribution of one electron depends on those of the other electrons and the nuclei. Such correlations have escaped direct observation by imaging techniques so far. Here, we implement an imaging scheme which visualizes correlations between electrons by coincident detection of the reaction fragments after high energy photofragmentation. With this technique, we examine the H2 two-electron wave function in which electron-electron correlation beyond the mean-field level is prominent. We visualize the dependence of the wave function on the internuclear distance. High energy photoelectrons are shown to be a powerful tool for molecular imaging. Our study paves the way for future time resolved correlation imaging at FELs and laser based X-ray sources., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures
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- 2018
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220. Lifetimes of low-lying excited states in $^{86}_{36}$Kr$_{50}$
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Henderson, J., Chester, A., Ball, G. C., Caballero-Folch, R., Domingo, T., Drake, T. E., Evitts, L. J., Hackman, G., Hallam, S., Garnsworthy, A. B., Moukaddam, M., Ruotsalainen, P., Smallcombe, J., Smith, J. K., Starosta, K., Svensson, C. E., and Williams, J.
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Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
The evolution of nuclear magic numbers at extremes of isospin is a topic at the forefront of contemporary nuclear physics. $N=50$ is a prime example, with increasing experimental data coming to light on potentially doubly-magic $^{100}$Sn and $^{78}$Ni at the proton-rich and proton-deficient extremes, respectively. Experimental discrepancies exist in the data for less exotic systems. In $^{86}$Kr the $B(E2;2^+_1\rightarrow0^+_1)$ value - a key indicator of shell evolution - has been experimentally determined by two different methodologies, with the results deviating by $3\sigma$. Here, we report on a new high-precision measurement of this value, as well as the first measured lifetimes and hence transition strengths for the $2^+_2$ and $3^-_{(2)}$ states in the nucleus. The Doppler-shift attenuation method was implemented using the TIGRESS gamma-ray spectrometer and TIGRESS integrated plunger (TIP) device. High-statistics Monte-Carlo simulations were utilized to extract lifetimes in accordance with state-of-the-art methodologies. Lifetimes of $\tau(2^+_1)=336\pm4\text{(stat.)}\pm20\text{(sys.)}$ fs, $\tau(2^+_2)=263\pm9\text{(stat.)}\pm19\text{(sys.)}$ fs and $\tau(3^-_{(2)})=73\pm6\text{(stat.)}\pm32\text{(sys.)}$ fs were extracted. This yields a transition strength for the first-excited state of $B(E2;2^+_1\rightarrow0^+)=259\pm3\text{(stat.)}\pm16\text{(sys.)}$ e$^2$fm$^4$. The measured lifetime disagrees with the previous Doppler-shift attenuation method measurement by more than $3\sigma$, while agreeing well with a previous value extracted from Coulomb excitation. The newly extracted $B(E2;2^+_1\rightarrow0^+_1)$ value indicates a more sudden reduction in collectivity in the $N=50$ isotones approaching $Z=40$., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, to be submitted to Physical Review C
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- 2018
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221. First measurement of elastic, inelastic and total cross-section at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV by TOTEM and overview of cross-section data at LHC energies
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The TOTEM Collaboration, Antchev, ., Aspell, P., Atanassov, I., Avati, V., Baechler, J., Barrera, C. Baldenegro, Berardi, V., Berretti, M., Bossini, E., Bottigli, U., Bozzo, M., Burkhardt, H., Cafagna, F. S., Catanesi, M. G., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Deile, M., De Leonardis, F., D'Orazio, A., Doubek, M., Druzhkin, D., Eggert, K., Eremin, V., Ferro, F., Fiergolski, A., Garcia, F., Georgiev, V., Giani, S., Grzanka, L., Hammerbauer, J., Heino, J., Helander, P., Isidori, T., Ivanchenko, V., Janda, M., Karev, A., Kašpar, J., Kopal, J., Kundrát, V., Lami, S., Latino, G., Lauhakangas, R., Linhart, R., Lindsey, C., Lokajíček, M. V., Losurdo, L., Vetere, M. Lo, Rodríguez, F. Lucas, Macrí, M., Malawski, M., Minafra, N., Minutoli, S., Naaranoja, T., Nemes, F., Niewiadomski, H., Novák, T., Oliveri, E., Oljemark, F., Oriunno, M., Österberg, K., Palazzi, P., Passaro, V., Peroutka, Z., Procházka, J., Quinto, M., Radermacher, E., Radicioni, E., Ravotti, F., Robutti, E., Royon, C., Ruggiero, G., Saarikko, H., Scribano, A., Siroky, J., Smajek, J., Snoeys, W., Stefanovitch, R., Sodzawiczny, T., Sziklai, J., Taylor, C., Tcherniaev, E., Turini, N., Vacek, V., Welti, J., Williams, J., Wyszkowski, P., Zich, J., and Zielinski, K.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The TOTEM collaboration has measured the proton-proton total cross section at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with a luminosity-independent method. Using dedicated $\beta^{*}=90$ m beam optics, the Roman Pots were inserted very close to the beam. The inelastic scattering rate has been measured by the T1 and T2 telescopes during the same LHC fill. After applying the optical theorem the total proton-proton cross section is $\sigma_{\rm tot}=(110.6 \pm 3.4$) mb, well in agreement with the extrapolation from lower energies. This method also allows one to derive the luminosity-independent elastic and inelastic cross sections: $\sigma_{\rm el} = (31.0 \pm 1.7)$ mb and $\sigma_{\rm inel} = (79.5 \pm 1.8)$ mb., Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables. Three figures, the references and the author list was updated, presentation is improved. Submitted for a publication to Phys. Rev. D
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- 2017
222. Projectile Motion: The 'Coming and Going' Phenomenon
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Ribeiro, Williams J. M. and de Sousa, J. Ricardo
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During elementary physics courses, many examples in mechanics are studied without considering air resistance effects. We can mention, for example, projectile motion and free fall, among many others. Only brief studies of such systems in classical mechanics courses consider linear air resistance (F[subscript drag] [is proportional to] v), which is the simplest model to account for the drag effect by modeling objects moving in viscous media with small velocities (more precisely, small Reynolds number). Quadratic air resistance (F[subscript drag] [is proportional to] v[superscript 2]), which applies for objects moving in resistive media with high velocities (high Reynolds number), is hardly mentioned, but it can be found in many papers. However, in nature air resistance plays a big role in the motion of bodies and so it must be included when studying any kind of phenomena related to mechanics.
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- 2021
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223. Africa-UK Research Partnerships for Development--A Vision for Future Success
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Association of Commonwealth Universities (ACU) (United Kingdom), Flint-O'Kane, M., Abbey, E., Tager, J., Williams, J., Marillier, S., Oberlander, L., Shackleton, L., and Swanepoel, F.
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Significant investments have been made in the last five years to further strengthen the relationship between the United Kingdom (UK) and African continent for science and innovation partnerships. This has enabled the enhancement of longstanding relationships for joint research and development activities as well as the establishment of new, innovative partnerships between key actors driving change in the Africa-UK research and innovation landscape. A high-level meeting of research sector leaders from across Africa and the UK in March 2021. The aim was to reflect on the challenges and successes of past activities and to set out a vision for future success that will see continued and improved impact of Africa-UK research and innovation partnerships, across three priority areas: (1) Enhancing research partnerships to tackle global inequalities; (2) Embedding international collaboration in the next generation of researchers; and (3) Strengthening research systems for more and better research. The following recommendations have been set out for higher education institutions, funders and policymakers with the aim of enabling sustained, equitable and reciprocal research and innovation partnerships between Africa and the UK. [The document was prepared with the African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA) and the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI).]
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- 2021
224. Robust and stable transcriptional repression in Giardia using CRISPRi
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McInally, SG, Hagen, KD, Nosala, C, Williams, J, Nguyen, K, Booker, J, Jones, K, and Dawson, Scott C
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Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Biotechnology ,Human Genome ,Amino Acid Sequence ,CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 ,CRISPR-Cas Systems ,Cell Nucleus ,Flagella ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,Genes ,Reporter ,Giardia ,Kinesins ,Nuclear Localization Signals ,Phenotype ,Protozoan Proteins ,Transcription ,Genetic ,Trophozoites ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Biochemistry and cell biology - Abstract
Giardia lamblia is a binucleate protistan parasite causing significant diarrheal disease worldwide. An inability to target Cas9 to both nuclei, combined with the lack of nonhomologous end joining and markers for positive selection, has stalled the adaptation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic tools for this widespread parasite. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a modification of the CRISPR/Cas9 system that directs catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) to target loci for stable transcriptional repression. Using a Giardia nuclear localization signal to target dCas9 to both nuclei, we developed efficient and stable CRISPRi-mediated transcriptional repression of exogenous and endogenous genes in Giardia. Specifically, CRISPRi knockdown of kinesin-2a and kinesin-13 causes severe flagellar length defects that mirror defects with morpholino knockdown. Knockdown of the ventral disk MBP protein also causes severe structural defects that are highly prevalent and persist in the population more than 5 d longer than defects associated with transient morpholino-based knockdown. By expressing two guide RNAs in tandem to simultaneously knock down kinesin-13 and MBP, we created a stable dual knockdown strain with both flagellar length and disk defects. The efficiency and simplicity of CRISPRi in polyploid Giardia allows rapid evaluation of knockdown phenotypes and highlights the utility of CRISPRi for emerging model systems.
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- 2019
225. Interpreting Subcultures : Approaching, Contextualizing, and Embodying Sense-Making Practices in Alternative Cultures
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Williams, J. Patrick, Edited by and Williams, J. Patrick
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- 2024
226. A billion or more years of possible periglacial/glacial cycling in Protonilus Mensae, Mars
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Soare, R.J., Williams, J.-P., Hepburn, A.J., and Butcher, F.E.G.
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- 2022
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227. Efficiency of charge transfer in changing the dissociation dynamics of OD+ transients formed after the photo-fragmentation of D2O.
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Iskandar, W., Rescigno, T. N., Orel, A. E., Severt, T., Larsen, K. A., Streeter, Z. L., Jochim, B., Griffin, B., Call, D., Davis, V., McCurdy, C. W., Lucchese, R. R., Williams, J. B., Ben-Itzhak, I., Slaughter, D. S., and Weber, Th.
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CHARGE transfer ,TRANSIENTS (Dynamics) ,COLLISION induced dissociation ,DAUGHTER ions ,ENERGY function - Abstract
We present an investigation of the relaxation dynamics of deuterated water molecules after direct photo-double ionization at 61 eV. We focus on the very rare D
+ + O+ + D reaction channel in which the sequential fragmentation mechanisms were found to dominate the dynamics. Aided by theory, the state-selective formation and breakup of the transient OD+ (a1 Δ, b1 Σ+ ) is traced, and the most likely dissociation path—OD+ : a1 Δ or b1 Σ+ → A3 Π → X3 Σ− → B3 Σ− —involving a combination of spin–orbit and non-adiabatic charge transfer transitions is determined. The multi-step transition probability of this complex transition sequence in the intermediate fragment ion is directly evaluated as a function of the energy of the transient OD+ above its lowest dissociation limit from the measured ratio of the D+ + O+ + D and competing D+ + D+ + O sequential fragmentation channels, which are measured simultaneously. Our coupled-channel time-dependent dynamics calculations reproduce the general trends of these multi-state relative transition rates toward the three-body fragmentation channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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228. Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of long COVID and association with 1-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study
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Evans, R A, Leavy, O C, Richardson, M, Elneima, O, McAuley, H J C, Shikotra, A, Singapuri, A, Sereno, M, Saunders, R M, Harris, V C, Houchen-Wolloff, L, Aul, R, Beirne, P, Bolton, C E, Brown, J S, Choudhury, G, Diar-Bakerly, N, Easom, N, Echevarria, C, Fuld, J, Hart, N, Hurst, J, Jones, M G, Parekh, D, Pfeffer, P, Rahman, N M, Rowland-Jones, S L, Shah, A M, Wootton, D G, Chalder, T, Davies, M J, De Soyza, A, Geddes, J R, Greenhalf, W, Greening, N J, Heaney, L G, Heller, S, Howard, L S, Jacob, J, Jenkins, R G, Lord, J M, Man, W D-C, McCann, G P, Neubauer, S, Openshaw, P J M, Porter, J C, Rowland, M J, Scott, J T, Semple, M G, Singh, S J, Thomas, D C, Toshner, M, Lewis, K E, Thwaites, R S, Briggs, A, Docherty, A B, Kerr, S, Lone, N I, Quint, J, Sheikh, A, Thorpe, M, Zheng, B, Chalmers, J D, Ho, L P, Horsley, A, Marks, M, Poinasamy, K, Raman, B, Harrison, E M, Wain, L V, Brightling, C E, Abel, K, Adamali, H, Adeloye, D, Adeyemi, O, Adrego, R, Aguilar Jimenez, L A, Ahmad, S, Ahmad Haider, N, Ahmed, R, Ahwireng, N, Ainsworth, M, Al-Sheklly, B, Alamoudi, A, Ali, M, Aljaroof, M, All, AM, Allan, L, Allen, R J, Allerton, L, Allsop, L, Almeida, P, Altmann, D, Alvarez Corral, M, Amoils, S, Anderson, D, Antoniades, C, Arbane, G, Arias, A, Armour, C, Armstrong, L, Armstrong, N, Arnold, D, Arnold, H, Ashish, A, Ashworth, A, Ashworth, M, Aslani, S, Assefa-Kebede, H, Atkin, C, Atkin, P, Aung, H, Austin, L, Avram, C, Ayoub, A, Babores, M, Baggott, R, Bagshaw, J, Baguley, D, Bailey, L, Baillie, J K, Bain, S, Bakali, M, Bakau, M, Baldry, E, Baldwin, D, Ballard, C, Banerjee, A, Bang, B, Barker, R E, Barman, L, Barratt, S, Barrett, F, Basire, D, Basu, N, Bates, M, Bates, A, Batterham, R, Baxendale, H, Bayes, H, Beadsworth, M, Beckett, P, Beggs, M, Begum, M, Bell, D, Bell, R, Bennett, K, Beranova, E, Bermperi, A, Berridge, A, Berry, C, Betts, S, Bevan, E, Bhui, K, Bingham, M, Birchall, K, Bishop, L, Bisnauthsing, K, Blaikely, J, Bloss, A, Bolger, A, Bonnington, J, Botkai, A, Bourne, C, Bourne, M, Bramham, K, Brear, L, Breen, G, Breeze, J, Bright, E, Brill, S, Brindle, K, Broad, L, Broadley, A, Brookes, C, Broome, M, Brown, A, Brown, J, Brown, M, Brown, V, Brugha, T, Brunskill, N, Buch, M, Buckley, P, Bularga, A, Bullmore, E, Burden, L, Burdett, T, Burn, D, Burns, G, Burns, A, Busby, J, Butcher, R, Butt, A, Byrne, S, Cairns, P, Calder, P C, Calvelo, E, Carborn, H, Card, B, Carr, C, Carr, L, Carson, G, Carter, P, Casey, A, Cassar, M, Cavanagh, J, Chablani, M, Chambers, R C, Chan, F, Channon, K M, Chapman, K, Charalambou, A, Chaudhuri, N, Checkley, A, Chen, J, Cheng, Y, Chetham, L, Childs, C, Chilvers, E R, Chinoy, H, Chiribiri, A, Chong-James, K, Choudhury, N, Chowienczyk, P, Christie, C, Chrystal, M, Clark, D, Clark, C, Clarke, J, Clohisey, S, Coakley, G, Coburn, Z, Coetzee, S, Cole, J, Coleman, C, Conneh, F, Connell, D, Connolly, B, Connor, L, Cook, A, Cooper, B, Cooper, J, Cooper, S, Copeland, D, Cosier, T, Coulding, M, Coupland, C, Cox, E, Craig, T, Crisp, P, Cristiano, D, Crooks, M G, Cross, A, Cruz, I, Cullinan, P, Cuthbertson, D, Daines, L, Dalton, M, Daly, P, Daniels, A, Dark, P, Dasgin, J, David, A, David, C, Davies, E, Davies, F, Davies, G, Davies, G A, Davies, K, Dawson, J, Daynes, E, Deakin, B, Deans, A, Deas, C, Deery, J, Defres, S, Dell, A, Dempsey, K, Denneny, E, Dennis, J, Dewar, A, Dharmagunawardena, R, Dickens, C, Dipper, A, Diver, S, Diwanji, S N, Dixon, M, Djukanovic, R, Dobson, H, Dobson, S L, Donaldson, A, Dong, T, Dormand, N, Dougherty, A, Dowling, R, Drain, S, Draxlbauer, K, Drury, K, Dulawan, P, Dunleavy, A, Dunn, S, Earley, J, Edwards, S, Edwardson, C, El-Taweel, H, Elliott, A, Elliott, K, Ellis, Y, Elmer, A, Evans, D, Evans, H, Evans, J, Evans, R, Evans, R I, Evans, T, Evenden, C, Evison, L, Fabbri, L, Fairbairn, S, Fairman, A, Fallon, K, Faluyi, D, Favager, C, Fayzan, T, Featherstone, J, Felton, T, Finch, J, Finney, S, Finnigan, J, Finnigan, L, Fisher, H, Fletcher, S, Flockton, R, Flynn, M, Foot, H, Foote, D, Ford, A, Forton, D, Fraile, E, Francis, C, Francis, R, Francis, S, Frankel, A, Fraser, E, Free, R, French, N, Fu, X, Furniss, J, Garner, L, Gautam, N, George, J, George, P, Gibbons, M, Gill, M, Gilmour, L, Gleeson, F, Glossop, J, Glover, S, Goodman, N, Goodwin, C, Gooptu, B, Gordon, H, Gorsuch, T, Greatorex, M, Greenhaff, P L, Greenhalgh, A, Greenwood, J, Gregory, H, Gregory, R, Grieve, D, Griffin, D, Griffiths, L, Guerdette, A-M, Guillen Guio, B, Gummadi, M, Gupta, A, Gurram, S, Guthrie, E, Guy, Z, H Henson, H, Hadley, K, Haggar, A, Hainey, K, Hairsine, B, Haldar, P, Hall, I, Hall, L, Halling-Brown, M, Hamil, R, Hancock, A, Hancock, K, Hanley, N A, Haq, S, Hardwick, H E, Hardy, E, Hardy, T, Hargadon, B, Harrington, K, Harris, E, Harrison, P, Harvey, A, Harvey, M, Harvie, M, Haslam, L, Havinden-Williams, M, Hawkes, J, Hawkings, N, Haworth, J, Hayday, A, Haynes, M, Hazeldine, J, Hazelton, T, Heeley, C, Heeney, J L, Heightman, M, Henderson, M, Hesselden, L, Hewitt, M, Highett, V, Hillman, T, Hiwot, T, Hoare, A, Hoare, M, Hockridge, J, Hogarth, P, Holbourn, A, Holden, S, Holdsworth, L, Holgate, D, Holland, M, Holloway, L, Holmes, K, Holmes, M, Holroyd-Hind, B, Holt, L, Hormis, A, Hosseini, A, Hotopf, M, Howard, K, Howell, A, Hufton, E, Hughes, A D, Hughes, J, Hughes, R, Humphries, A, Huneke, N, Hurditch, E, Husain, M, Hussell, T, Hutchinson, J, Ibrahim, W, Ilyas, F, Ingham, J, Ingram, L, Ionita, D, Isaacs, K, Ismail, K, Jackson, T, James, W Y, Jarman, C, Jarrold, I, Jarvis, H, Jastrub, R, Jayaraman, B, Jezzard, P, Jiwa, K, Johnson, C, Johnson, S, Johnston, D, Jolley, C J, Jones, D, Jones, G, Jones, H, Jones, I, Jones, L, Jones, S, Jose, S, Kabir, T, Kaltsakas, G, Kamwa, V, Kanellakis, N, Kaprowska, s, Kausar, Z, Keenan, N, Kelly, S, Kemp, G, Kerslake, H, Key, A L, Khan, F, Khunti, K, Kilroy, S, King, B, King, C, Kingham, L, Kirk, J, Kitterick, P, Klenerman, P, Knibbs, L, Knight, S, Knighton, A, Kon, O, Kon, S, Kon, S S, Koprowska, S, Korszun, A, Koychev, I, Kurasz, C, Kurupati, P, Laing, C, Lamlum, H, Landers, G, Langenberg, C, Lasserson, D, Lavelle-Langham, L, Lawrie, A, Lawson, C, Layton, A, Lea, A, Lee, D, Lee, J-H, Lee, E, Leitch, K, Lenagh, R, Lewis, D, Lewis, J, Lewis, V, Lewis-Burke, N, Li, X, Light, T, Lightstone, L, Lilaonitkul, W, Lim, L, Linford, S, Lingford-Hughes, A, Lipman, M, Liyanage, K, Lloyd, A, Logan, S, Lomas, D, Loosley, R, Lota, H, Lovegrove, W, Lucey, A, Lukaschuk, E, Lye, A, Lynch, C, MacDonald, S, MacGowan, G, Macharia, I, Mackie, J, Macliver, L, Madathil, S, Madzamba, G, Magee, N, Magtoto, M M, Mairs, N, Majeed, N, Major, E, Malein, F, Malim, M, Mallison, G, Mandal, S, Mangion, K, Manisty, C, Manley, R, March, K, Marciniak, S, Marino, P, Mariveles, M, Marouzet, E, Marsh, S, Marshall, B, Marshall, M, Martin, J, Martineau, A, Martinez, L M, Maskell, N, Matila, D, Matimba-Mupaya, W, Matthews, L, Mbuyisa, A, McAdoo, S, Weir McCall, J, McAllister-Williams, H, McArdle, A, McArdle, P, McAulay, D, McCormick, J, McCormick, W, McCourt, P, McGarvey, L, McGee, C, Mcgee, K, McGinness, J, McGlynn, K, McGovern, A, McGuinness, H, McInnes, I B, McIntosh, J, McIvor, E, McIvor, K, McLeavey, L, McMahon, A, McMahon, M J, McMorrow, L, Mcnally, T, McNarry, M, McNeill, J, McQueen, A, McShane, H, Mears, C, Megson, C, Megson, S, Mehta, P, Meiring, J, Melling, L, Mencias, M, Menzies, D, Merida Morillas, M, Michael, A, Milligan, L, Miller, C, Mills, C, Mills, N L, Milner, L, Misra, S, Mitchell, J, Mohamed, A, Mohamed, N, Mohammed, S, Molyneaux, P L, Monteiro, W, Moriera, S, Morley, A, Morrison, L, Morriss, R, Morrow, A, Moss, A J, Moss, P, Motohashi, K, Msimanga, N, Mukaetova-Ladinska, E, Munawar, U, Murira, J, Nanda, U, Nassa, H, Nasseri, M, Neal, A, Needham, R, Neill, P, Newell, H, Newman, T, Newton-Cox, A, Nicholson, T, Nicoll, D, Nolan, C M, Noonan, M J, Norman, C, Novotny, P, Nunag, J, Nwafor, L, Nwanguma, U, Nyaboko, J, O'Donnell, K, O'Brien, C, O'Brien, L, O'Regan, D, Odell, N, Ogg, G, Olaosebikan, O, Oliver, C, Omar, Z, Orriss-Dib, L, Osborne, L, Osbourne, R, Ostermann, M, Overton, C, Owen, J, Oxton, J, Pack, J, Pacpaco, E, Paddick, S, Painter, S, Pakzad, A, Palmer, S, Papineni, P, Paques, K, Paradowski, K, Pareek, M, Parfrey, H, Pariante, C, Parker, S, Parkes, M, Parmar, J, Patale, S, Patel, B, Patel, M, Patel, S, Pattenadk, D, Pavlides, M, Payne, S, Pearce, L, Pearl, J E, Peckham, D, Pendlebury, J, Peng, Y, Pennington, C, Peralta, I, Perkins, E, Peterkin, Z, Peto, T, Petousi, N, Petrie, J, Phipps, J, Pimm, J, Piper Hanley, K, Pius, R, Plant, H, Plein, S, Plekhanova, T, Plowright, M, Polgar, O, Poll, L, Porter, J, Portukhay, S, Powell, N, Prabhu, A, Pratt, J, Price, A, Price, C, Price, D, Price, L, Prickett, A, Propescu, J, Pugmire, S, Quaid, S, Quigley, J, Qureshi, H, Qureshi, I N, Radhakrishnan, K, Ralser, M, Ramos, A, Ramos, H, Rangeley, J, Rangelov, B, Ratcliffe, L, Ravencroft, P, Reddington, A, Reddy, R, Redfearn, H, Redwood, D, Reed, A, Rees, M, Rees, T, Regan, K, Reynolds, W, Ribeiro, C, Richards, A, Richardson, E, Rivera-Ortega, P, Roberts, K, Robertson, E, Robinson, E, Robinson, L, Roche, L, Roddis, C, Rodger, J, Ross, A, Ross, G, Rossdale, J, Rostron, A, Rowe, A, Rowland, A, Rowland, J, Roy, K, Roy, M, Rudan, I, Russell, R, Russell, E, Saalmink, G, Sabit, R, Sage, E K, Samakomva, T, Samani, N, Sampson, C, Samuel, K, Samuel, R, Sanderson, A, Sapey, E, Saralaya, D, Sargant, J, Sarginson, C, Sass, T, Sattar, N, Saunders, K, Saunders, P, Saunders, L C, Savill, H, Saxon, W, Sayer, A, Schronce, J, Schwaeble, W, Scott, K, Selby, N, Sewell, T A, Shah, K, Shah, P, Shankar-Hari, M, Sharma, M, Sharpe, C, Sharpe, M, Shashaa, S, Shaw, A, Shaw, K, Shaw, V, Shelton, S, Shenton, L, Shevket, K, Short, J, Siddique, S, Siddiqui, S, Sidebottom, J, Sigfrid, L, Simons, G, Simpson, J, Simpson, N, Singh, C, Singh, S, Sissons, D, Skeemer, J, Slack, K, Smith, A, Smith, D, Smith, S, Smith, J, Smith, L, Soares, M, Solano, T S, Solly, R, Solstice, AR, Soulsby, T, Southern, D, Sowter, D, Spears, M, Spencer, L G, Speranza, F, Stadon, L, Stanel, S, Steele, N, Steiner, M, Stensel, D, Stephens, G, Stephenson, L, Stern, M, Stewart, I, Stimpson, R, Stockdale, S, Stockley, J, Stoker, W, Stone, R, Storrar, W, Storrie, A, Storton, K, Stringer, E, Strong-Sheldrake, S, Stroud, N, Subbe, C, Sudlow, C L, Suleiman, Z, Summers, C, Summersgill, C, Sutherland, D, Sykes, D L, Sykes, R, Talbot, N, Tan, A L, Tarusan, L, Tavoukjian, V, Taylor, A, Taylor, C, Taylor, J, Te, A, Tedd, H, Tee, CJ, Teixeira, J, Tench, H, Terry, S, Thackray-Nocera, S, Thaivalappil, F, Thamu, B, Thickett, D, Thomas, C, Thomas, S, Thomas, A K, Thomas-Woods, T, Thompson, T, Thompson, A A R, Thornton, T, Tilley, J, Tinker, N, Tiongson, G F, Tobin, M, Tomlinson, J, Tong, C, Touyz, R, Tripp, K A, Tunnicliffe, E, Turnbull, A, Turner, E, Turner, S, Turner, V, Turner, K, Turney, S, Turtle, L, Turton, H, Ugoji, J, Ugwuoke, R, Upthegrove, R, Valabhji, J, Ventura, M, Vere, J, Vickers, C, Vinson, B, Wade, E, Wade, P, Wainwright, T, 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- 2022
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229. Aptness and means-end coherence: a dominance argument for causal decision theory
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Williams, J. Robert G.
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- 2023
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230. Breath chemical markers of sexual arousal in humans
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Wang, N., Pugliese, G., Carrito, M., Moura, C., Vasconcelos, P., Cera, N., Li, M., Nobre, P., Georgiadis, J. R., Schubert, J. K., and Williams, J.
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- 2022
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231. Addendum to: Measurement and QCD analysis of double-differential inclusive jet cross sections in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV
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Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Escalante Del Valle, A., Frühwirth, R., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Pitters, F. M., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Schwarz, D., Templ, S., Waltenberger, W., Wulz, C.-E., Chekhovsky, V., Litomin, A., Makarenko, V., Darwish, M. R., De Wolf, E. A., Janssen, T., Kello, T., Lelek, A., Rejeb Sfar, H., Van Mechelen, P., Van Putte, S., Van Remortel, N., Blekman, F., Bols, E. S., D’Hondt, J., Delcourt, M., El Faham, H., Lowette, S., Moortgat, S., Morton, A., Müller, D., Sahasransu, A. R., Tavernier, S., Van Doninck, W., Beghin, D., Bilin, B., Clerbaux, B., De Lentdecker, G., Favart, L., Grebenyuk, A., Kalsi, A. 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232. Incentivising public transport use for physical activity gain: process evaluation of the COVID-19 disrupted trips4health randomised controlled trial
- Author
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Jose, K. A., Sharman, M. J., Stanesby, O., Greaves, S., Venn, A. J., Blizzard, L., Palmer, A., Cooper, K., Williams, J., and Cleland, V. J.
- Published
- 2022
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233. Measurements of the associated production of a W boson and a charm quark in proton–proton collisions at s=8TeV
- Author
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Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Bergauer, T., Dragicevic, M., Erö, J., Valle, A. Escalante Del, Frühwirth, R., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Madlener, T., Mikulec, I., Pitters, F. M., Rad, N., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Spanring, M., Templ, S., Waltenberger, W., Wulz, C.-E., Zarucki, M., Chekhovsky, V., Litomin, A., Makarenko, V., Gonzalez, J. Suarez, Darwish, M. R., De Wolf, E. A., Croce, D. Di, Janssen, T., Kello, T., Lelek, A., Pieters, M., Sfar, H. Rejeb, Haevermaet, H. Van, Mechelen, P. Van, Putte, S. Van, Remortel, N. Van, Blekman, F., Bols, E. S., Chhibra, S. S., D’Hondt, J., De Clercq, J., Lontkovskyi, D., Lowette, S., Marchesini, I., Moortgat, S., Morton, A., Python, Q., Tavernier, S., Doninck, W. Van, Mulders, P. Van, Beghin, D., Bilin, B., Clerbaux, B., De Lentdecker, G., Dorney, B., Favart, L., Grebenyuk, A., Kalsi, A. K., Makarenko, I., Moureaux, L., Pétré, L., Popov, A., Postiau, N., Starling, E., Thomas, L., Velde, C. Vander, Vanlaer, P., Vannerom, D., Wezenbeek, L., Cornelis, T., Dobur, D., Gruchala, M., Khvastunov, I., Niedziela, M., Roskas, C., Skovpen, K., Tytgat, M., Verbeke, W., Vermassen, B., Vit, M., Bruno, G., Bury, F., Caputo, C., David, P., Delaere, C., Delcourt, M., Donertas, I. S., Giammanco, A., Lemaitre, V., Mondal, K., Prisciandaro, J., Taliercio, A., Teklishyn, M., Vischia, P., Wuyckens, S., Zobec, J., Alves, G. A., Hensel, C., Moraes, A., Júnior, W. L. Aldá, Chagas, E. Belchior Batista Das, MALBOUISSON, H. BRANDAO, Carvalho, W., Chinellato, J., Coelho, E., Da Costa, E. M., Da Silveira, G. G., De JesusDamiao, D., De Souza, S. Fonseca, Martins, J., Figueiredo, D. Matos, Jaime, M. Medina, Herrera, C. Mora, Mundim, L., Nogima, H., Teles, P. Rebello, Rosas, L. J. Sanchez, Santoro, A., Amaral, S. M. Silva Do, Sznajder, A., Thiel, M., Da Silva DeAraujo, F. Torres, Pereira, A. Vilela, Bernardes, C. A., Calligaris, L., Tomei, T. R. Fernandez Perez, Gregores, E. M., Lemos, D. S., Mercadante, P. G., Novaes, S. F., Padula, Sandra S., Aleksandrov, A., Antchev, G., Atanassov, I., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Misheva, M., Rodozov, M., Shopova, M., Sultanov, G., Bonchev, M., Dimitrov, A., Ivanov, T., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Petrov, A., Fang, W., Guo, Q., Wang, H., Yuan, L., Ahmad, M., Hu, Z., Wang, Y., Chapon, E., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Javaid, T., Kapoor, A., Leggat, D., Liao, H., Liu, Z.-A., Sharma, R., Spiezia, A., Tao, J., Thomas-Wilsker, J., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Zhao, J., Agapitos, A., Ban, Y., Chen, C., Huang, Q., Levin, A., Li, Q., Lu, M., Lyu, X., Mao, Y., Qian, S. J., Wang, D., Wang, Q., Xiao, J., You, Z., Gao, X., Xiao, M., Avila, C., Cabrera, A., Florez, C., Fraga, J., Sarkar, A., Delgado, M. A. Segura, Jaramillo, J., Guisao, J. Mejia, Ramirez, F., Alvarez, J. D. Ruiz, González, C. A. Salazar, Arbelaez, N. 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S., Kinnunen, R., Lampén, T., Lassila-Perini, K., Laurila, S., Lehti, S., Lindén, T., Siikonen, H., Tuominen, E., Tuominiemi, J., Luukka, P., Tuuva, T., Amendola, C., Besancon, M., Couderc, F., Dejardin, M., Denegri, D., Faure, J. L., Ferri, F., Ganjour, S., Givernaud, A., Gras, P., de Monchenault, G. Hamel, Jarry, P., Lenzi, B., Locci, E., Malcles, J., Rander, J., Rosowsky, A., Sahin, M.Ö., Savoy-Navarro, A., Titov, M., Yu, G. B., Ahuja, S., Beaudette, F., Bonanomi, M., Perraguin, A. Buchot, Busson, P., Charlot, C., Davignon, O., Diab, B., Falmagne, G., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Hakimi, A., Kucher, I., Lobanov, A., Perez, C. Martin, Nguyen, M., Ochando, C., Paganini, P., Rembser, J., Salerno, R., Sauvan, J. B., Sirois, Y., Zabi, A., Zghiche, A., Agram, J.-L., Andrea, J., Bloch, D., Bourgatte, G., Brom, J. -M., Chabert, E. C., Collard, C., Fontaine, J. -C., Gelé, D., Goerlach, U., Grimault, C., Bihan, A. -C. Le, Hove, P. 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I., Bencze, G., Hajdu, C., Horvath, D., Sikler, F., Veszpremi, V., Vesztergombi, G., Czellar, S., Karancsi, J., Molnar, J., Szillasi, Z., Teyssier, D., Raics, P., Trocsanyi, Z. L., Ujvari, B., Csorgo, T., Nemes, F., Novak, T., Choudhury, S., Komaragiri, J. R., Kumar, D., Panwar, L., Tiwari, P. C., Bahinipati, S., Dash, D., Kar, C., Mal, P., Mishra, T., Bindhu, V. K. Muraleedharan Nair, Nayak, A., Sahoo, D. K., Sur, N., Swain, S. K., Bansal, S., Beri, S. B., Bhatnagar, V., Chauhan, S., Dhingra, N., Gupta, R., Kaur, A., Kaur, S., Kumari, P., Meena, M., Sandeep, K., Sharma, S., Singh, J. B., Virdi, A. K., Ahmed, A., Bhardwaj, A., Choudhary, B. C., Garg, R. B., Gola, M., Keshri, S., Kumar, A., Naimuddin, M., Priyanka, P., Ranjan, K., Shah, A., Bharti, M., Bhattacharya, R., Bhattacharya, S., Bhowmik, D., Dutta, S., Ghosh, S., Gomber, B., Maity, M., Nandan, S., Palit, P., Purohit, A., Rout, P. K., Saha, G., Sarkar, S., Sharan, M., Singh, B., Thakur, S., Behera, P. K., Behera, S. C., Kalbhor, P., Muhammad, A., Pradhan, R., Pujahari, P. R., Sharma, A., Sikdar, A. K., Dutta, D., Kumar, V., Naskar, K., Netrakanti, P. K., Pant, L. M., Shukla, P., Aziz, T., Bhat, M. A., Dugad, S., Verma, R. Kumar, Mohanty, G. B., Sarkar, U., Banerjee, S., Bhattacharya, S., Chatterjee, S., Guchait, M., Karmakar, S., Kumar, S., Majumder, G., Mazumdar, K., Mukherjee, S., Roy, D., Dube, S., Kansal, B., Pandey, S., Rane, A., Rastogi, A., Sharma, S., Bakhshiansohi, H., Chenarani, S., Etesami, S. M., Khakzad, M., Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi, Felcini, M., Grunewald, M., Abbrescia, M., Aly, R., Aruta, C., Colaleo, A., Creanza, D., De Filippis, N., De Palma, M., Florio, A. Di, Pilato, A. Di, Elmetenawee, W., Fiore, L., Gelmi, A., Gul, M., Iaselli, G., Ince, M., Lezki, S., Maggi, G., Maggi, M., Margjeka, I., Mastrapasqua, V., Merlin, J. A., My, S., Nuzzo, S., Pompili, A., Pugliese, G., Ranieri, A., Selvaggi, G., Silvestris, L., Simone, F. 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- 2022
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234. An evaluation of the 'open source internet research tool' : a user-centred and participatory design approach with UK law enforcement
- Author
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Williams, J. J.
- Subjects
H Social Sciences ,K Law ,QA0075 Electronic computers. Computer science - Abstract
As part of their routine investigations, law enforcement conducts open source research; that is, investigating and researching using publicly available information online. Historically, the notion of collecting open sources of information is as ingrained as the concept of intelligence itself. However, utilising open source research in UK law enforcement is a relatively new concept not generally, or practically, considered until after the civil unrest seen in the UK's major cities in the summer of 2011. While open source research focuses on the understanding of bein'publicly available', there are legal, ethical and procedural issues that law enforcement must consider. This asks the following mainresearch question: What constraints do law enforcement face when conducting open source research? From a legal perspective, law enforcement officials must ensure their actions are necessary and proportionate, more so where an individual's privacy is concerned under human rights legislation and data protection laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation. Privacy issues appear, though, when considering the boom and usage of social media, where lines can be easily blurred as to what is public and private. Guidance from Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and, now, the National Police Chief's Council (NPCC) tends to be non-committal in tone, but nods towards obtaining legal authorisation under the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (RIPA) 2000 when conducting what may be 'directed surveillance'. RIPA, however, pre-dates the modern era of social media by several years, so its applicability as the de-facto piece of legislation for conducting higher levels of open source research is called into question. 22 semi-structured interviews with law enforcement officials were conducted and discovered a grey area surrounding legal authorities when conducting open source research. From a technical and procedural aspect of conducting open source research, officers used a variety of software tools that would vary both in price and quality, with no standard toolset. This was evidenced from 20 questionnaire responses from 12 police forces within the UK. In an attempt to bring about standardisation, the College of Policing's Research, Identifying and Tracing the Electronic Suspect (RITES) course recommended several capturing and productivity tools. Trainers on the RITES course, however, soon discovered the cognitive overload this had on the cohort, who would often spend more time learning to use the tools than learn about open source research techniques. The problem highlighted above prompted the creation of Open Source Internet Research Tool (OSIRT); an all-in-one browser for conducting open source research. OSIRT's creation followed the user-centred design (UCD) method, with two phases of development using the software engineering methodologies 'throwaway prototyping', for the prototype version, and 'incremental and iterative development' for the release version. OSIRT has since been integrated into the RITES course, which trains over 100 officers a year, and provides a feedback outlet for OSIRT. System Usability Scale questionnaires administered on RITES courses have shown OSIRT to be usable, with feedback being positive. Beyond the RITES course, surveys, interviews and observations also show OSIRT makes an impact on everyday policing and has reduced the burden officers faced when conducting opens source research. OSIRT's impact now reaches beyond the UK and sees usage across the globe. OSIRT contributes to law enforcement output in countries such as the USA, Canada, Australia and even Israel, demonstrating OSIRT's usefulness and necessity are not only applicable to UK law enforcement. This thesis makes several contributions both academically and from a practical perspective to law enforcement. The main contributions are: • Discussion and analysis of the constraints law enforcement within the UK face when conducting open source research from a legal, ethical and procedural perspective. • Discussion, analysis and reflective discourse surrounding the development of a software tool for law enforcement and the challenges faced in what is a unique development. • An approach to collaborating with those who are in 'closed' environments, such as law enforcement, to create bespoke software. Additionally, this approach offers a method of measuring the value and usefulness of OSIRT with UK law enforcement. • The creation and integration of OSIRT in to law enforcement and law enforcement training packages.
- Published
- 2018
235. The prevalence and importance of malaria infections during pregnancy not detected by microscopy or rapid diagnostic testing
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Williams, J. E. O., Chandramohan, D., and Greenwood, B.
- Subjects
618.3 - Abstract
With the advent of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for malaria detection, parasitological confirmation of malaria diagnoses has become more readily accessible and increasingly more affordable. However, questions are being asked about how useful they are in screening programmes, particularly for pregnant women who very often may harbour placental malaria infections which may not be detected by peripheral blood smear microscopy. It is also necessary to examine how many malaria infections go undetected by RDTs and whether such undetected infections have any negative consequences for women who carry such RDT-negative infections. This sub-study was conducted as part of a large multi-country trial of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine pyrimethamine versus intermittent screening and treatment of malaria in pregnancy which in Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana and Mali. The study enrolled 5,354 primi- and secundigravidae who attended antenatal clinics at study sites in the four countries from May 2010 to October 2011. The sensitivity of the RDT to detect peripheral malaria in pregnancy using PCR as the reference declined from 89.3% (95% CI 85.5-92.4) on the day of enrollment to 57.7% (95% CI 46.5-73.0) at delivery. However, the sensitivity of the RDT to detect placental malaria was lower when placental histology was used as the reference ranging from 72% (95% CI 63.3-79.7) for any woman who tested RDT positive at any scheduled ANC visit, to 35.4% (95% CI 26.6-45.0) at the delivery visit. The prevalence of sub-RDT malaria was highest at delivery (6.3%). There was no significant association between sub-RDT malaria infection and low birth weight. Of the women in a sub-sample who were seen at first ANC visit, 39.0% had malaria infections out of which 1.7% were non-falciparum infections presenting as mono-infections or mixed infections with P. falciparum. Clinical symptoms and signs were not sensitive enough to predict a positive RDT test and therefore the presence of malaria parasites. Women whose malaria infections get missed by RDTs are not at great risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes when compared with women who had no malaria. All pregnant women should be screened with RDT if IST was considered to replace IPTp-SP in areas where SP resistance is too high or transmission intensity is very low.
- Published
- 2018
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236. Autobiographical memory style and clinical outcomes following mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT): An individual patient data meta-analysis
- Author
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Hitchcock, Caitlin, Rudokaite, Judita, Haag, Christina, Patel, Shivam D., Smith, Alicia J., Kuhn, Isla, Jermann, Francoise, Ma, S. Helen, Kuyken, Willem, Williams, J. MarkG., Watkins, Edward, Bockting, Claudi L.H., Crane, Catherine, Fisher, David, and Dalgleish, Tim
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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237. Characteristics of GRIFFIN high-purity germanium clover detectors
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Rizwan, U., Garnsworthy, A. B., Andreoiu, C., Ball, G. C., Chester, A., Domingo, T., Dunlop, R., Hackman, G., Rand, E. T., Smith, J. K., Starosta, K., Svensson, C. E., Voss, P., and Williams, J.
- Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
The Gamma-Ray Infrastructure For Fundamental Investigations of Nuclei, GRIFFIN, is a new experimental facility for radioactive decay studies at the TRIUMF-ISAC laboratory. The performance of the 16 high-purity germanium (HPGe) clover detectors that will make up the GRIFFIN spectrometer is reported. The energy resolution, efficiency, timing resolution, crosstalk and preamplifier properties of each crystal were measured using a combination of analogue and digital data acquisition techniques. The absolute efficiency and add-back factors are determined for the energy range of 80 - 3450 keV. The detectors show excellent performance with an average over all 64 crystals of a FWHM energy resolution of 1.89(6) keV and relative efficiency with respect to a 3"x3" NaI detector of 41(1)% at 1.3 MeV.
- Published
- 2017
238. Weak-link Josephson Junctions Made from Topological Crystalline Insulators
- Author
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Snyder, R. A., Trimble, C. J., Rong, C. C., Folkes, P. A., Taylor, P. J., and Williams, J. R.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
We report on the fabrication of Josephson junctions using the topological crystalline insulator Pb$_{0.5}$Sn$_{0.5}$Te as the weak link. The properties of these junctions are characterized and compared to those fabricated with weak links of PbTe, a similar material yet topologically trivial. Most striking is the difference in the AC Josephson effect: junctions made with Pb$_{0.5}$Sn$_{0.5}$Te exhibit rich subharmonic structure consistent with a skewed current-phase relation. This structure is absent in junctions fabricated from PbTe. A discussion is given on the origin of this effect as an indication of novel behavior arising from the topologically nontrivial surface state.
- Published
- 2017
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239. DCO$^+$, DCN and N$_2$D$^+$ reveal three different deuteration regimes in the disk around the Herbig Ae star HD163296
- Author
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Salinas, V. N., Hogerheijde, M. R., Mathews, G. S., Öberg, K. I., Qi, C., Williams, J. P., and Wilner, D. J.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
The formation pathways of deuterated species trace different regions of protoplanetary disks and may shed light into their physical structure. We aim to constrain the radial extent of main deuterated species; we are particularly interested in spatially characterizing the high and low temperature pathways for enhancing deuteration of these species. We observed the disk surrounding the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 using ALMA in Band 6 and obtained resolved spectral imaging data of DCO$^+$ ($J$=3-2), DCN ($J$=3-2) and N$_2$D$^+$ ($J$=3-2). We model the radial emission profiles of DCO$^+$, DCN and N$_2$D$^+$, assuming their emission is optically thin, using a parametric model of their abundances and radial excitation temperature estimates. DCO$^+$ can be described by a three-region model, with constant-abundance rings centered at 70 AU, 150 AU and 260 AU. The DCN radial profile peaks at about ~60 AU and N$_2$D$^+$ is seen in a ring at ~160 AU. Simple models of both molecules using constant abundances reproduce the data. Assuming reasonable average excitation temperatures for the whole disk, their disk-averaged column densities (and deuterium fractionation ratios) are 1.6-2.6$\times 10^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$ (0.04-0.07), 2.9-5.2$\times 10^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$ ($\sim$0.02) and 1.6-2.5 $\times 10^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ (0.34-0.45) for DCO$^+$, DCN and N$_2$D$^+$, respectively. Our simple best-fit models show a correlation between the radial location of the first two rings in DCO$^+$ and the DCN and N$_2$D$^+$ abundance distributions that can be interpreted as the high and low temperature deuteration pathways regimes. The origin of the third DCO$^+$ ring at 260 AU is unknown but may be due to a local decrease of ultraviolet opacity allowing the photodesorption of CO or due to thermal desorption of CO as a consequence of radial drift and settlement of dust grains.
- Published
- 2017
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240. Physical properties of dusty protoplanetary disks in Lupus: evidence for viscous evolution?
- Author
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Tazzari, M., Testi, L., Natta, A., Ansdell, M., Carpenter, J., Guidi, G., Hogerheijde, M., Manara, C. F., Miotello, A., van der Marel, N., van Dishoeck, E. F., and Williams, J. P.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
The formation of planets strongly depends on the total amount as well as on the spatial distribution of solids in protoplanetary disks. Thanks to the improvements in resolution and sensitivity provided by ALMA, measurements of the surface density of mm-sized grains are now possible on large samples of disks. Such measurements provide statistical constraints that can be used to inform our understanding of the initial conditions of planet formation. We analyze spatially resolved observations of 36 protoplanetary disks in the Lupus star forming complex from our ALMA survey at 890 micron, aiming to determine physical properties such as the dust surface density, the disk mass and size and to provide a constraint on the temperature profile. We fit the observations directly in the uv-plane using a two-layer disk model that computes the 890 micron emission by solving the energy balance at each disk radius. For 22 out of 36 protoplanetary disks we derive robust estimates of their physical properties. The sample covers stellar masses between ~0.1 and ~2 Solar masses, and we find no trend between the average disk temperatures and the stellar parameters. We find, instead, a correlation between the integrated sub-mm flux (a proxy for the disk mass) and the exponential cut-off radii (a proxy of the disk size) of the Lupus disks. Comparing these results with observations at similar angular resolution of Taurus-Auriga/Ophiuchus disks found in literature and scaling them to the same distance, we observe that the Lupus disks are generally fainter and larger at a high level of statistical significance. Considering the 1-2 Myr age difference between these regions, it is possible to tentatively explain the offset in the disk mass/disk size relation with viscous spreading, however with the current measurements other mechanisms cannot be ruled out., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Fits of individual sources: Appendix A (24 pages)
- Published
- 2017
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241. The ALMA Early Science View of FUor/EXor objects. III. The Slow and Wide Outflow of V883 Ori
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Ruíz-Rodríguez, D., Cieza, L. A., Williams, J. P., Principe, D., Tobin, J. J., Zhu, Z., and Zurlo, A.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/ sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of V883 Ori, an FU Ori object. We describe the molecular outflow and envelope of the system based on the $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO emissions, which together trace a bipolar molecular outflow. The C$^{18}$O emission traces the rotational motion of the circumstellar disk. From the $^{12}$CO blue-shifted emission, we estimate a wide opening angle of $\sim$ 150$^{^{\circ}}$ for the outflow cavities. Also, we find that the outflow is very slow (characteristic velocity of only 0.65 km~s$^{-1}$), which is unique for an FU Ori object. We calculate the kinematic properties of the outflow in the standard manner using the $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO emissions. In addition, we present a P Cygni profile observed in the high-resolution optical spectrum, evidence of a wind driven by the accretion and being the cause for the particular morphology of the outflows. We discuss the implications of our findings and the rise of these slow outflows during and/or after the formation of a rotationally supported disk., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Accepted
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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242. Dynamic Mortality Risk Predictions in Pediatric Critical Care Using Recurrent Neural Networks
- Author
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Aczon, M, Ledbetter, D, Ho, L, Gunny, A, Flynn, A, Williams, J, and Wetzel, R
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Statistics - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods - Abstract
Viewing the trajectory of a patient as a dynamical system, a recurrent neural network was developed to learn the course of patient encounters in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a major tertiary care center. Data extracted from Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of about 12000 patients who were admitted to the PICU over a period of more than 10 years were leveraged. The RNN model ingests a sequence of measurements which include physiologic observations, laboratory results, administered drugs and interventions, and generates temporally dynamic predictions for in-ICU mortality at user-specified times. The RNN's ICU mortality predictions offer significant improvements over those from two clinically-used scores and static machine learning algorithms., Comment: 18 pages (5 of which in appendix), 9 figures
- Published
- 2017
243. Dinuclear platinum(II) complexes featuring rigidly linked Pt(NCN)X units: the effect of X = SCN− in favouring low-energy, excimer-like luminescence.
- Author
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Salthouse, Rebecca J., Dikova, Yana M., Etherington, Marc K., and Williams, J. A. Gareth
- Subjects
EXCITED states ,INTERMOLECULAR interactions ,MOLECULAR spectra ,STATE formation ,METATHESIS reactions - Abstract
Interfacial intermolecular interactions between phosphorescent, square-planar, cyclometallated platinum(II) complexes may lead to the formation of bimolecular excited states that emit at lower energy than the isolated complexes in dilute solution. We study compounds in which two Pt(NCN)Cl units are appended onto a rigid xanthene scaffold to favour the intramolecular formation of such states and thus promote low-energy emission even at high dilution {where NCN represents a cyclometallated tridentate ligand based on 2,6-di(2-pyridyl)benzene}. Here, we show how the metathesis of the monodentate Cl
− ligand to thiocyanate SCN− has a profound effect on the emissive properties of such compounds in solution and in polymer-doped and neat films. Intramolecular Pt⋯Pt interactions are promoted by the change to SCN− (as evident by a short Pt⋯Pt distance of 3.253(4) Å in the crystal, determined by X-ray diffraction). This increased propensity for the Pt(NCN) units to interact, induced by the thiocyanate, is also manifest in the emission spectra: the spectra show only the low-energy, excimer-like bands in solution, even at very low concentrations. That contrasts with the appearance of emission bands typical both of isolated Pt(NCN) units and of excimers for the chloro parent compound. Nevertheless, data at low temperature and in dilute polymer-doped films suggest that some degree of conformational change is still required to form the low-energy emitting states. Meanwhile, the change of the monodentate ligand from chloride to iodide suppresses the formation of the low-energy-emitting states and lowers the emission efficiency. Taken together, the results offer new insight into strategies for obtaining efficient NIR-emitting phosphors based on dinuclear PtII 2 excited states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
244. Dinuclear platinum(II) complexes emitting through TADF: new ligand design to minimise aggregation and the S1–T1 energy gap.
- Author
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Pander, Piotr, Dikova, Yana M., Puttock, Emma V., and Williams, J. A. Gareth
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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245. Attribution of Excess Methane Emissions Over Marine Environments of the Mediterranean and Arabian Peninsula.
- Author
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Bourtsoukidis, E., Germain‐Piaulenne, E., Gros, V., Quéhé, P.‐Y., Pikridas, M., Byron, J., Williams, J., Gliddon, D., Mohamed, R., Ekaabi, R., Lelieveld, J., Sciare, J., Teixidó, O., and Paris, J.‐D.
- Subjects
HOT spots (Pollution) ,ATMOSPHERIC methane ,GAS industry ,SEAWATER ,GOVERNMENT policy on climate change ,TRACE gases - Abstract
To accurately assess the current atmospheric methane budget and its future trends, it is essential to apportion and quantify the anthropogenic methane emissions to specific sources. This poses a significant challenge in the under‐sampled Middle East, where estimates predominantly depend on remote sensing observations and bottom‐up reporting of national emissions. Here, we present in situ shipborne observations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) collected along a >10,000‐km route from Vigo, Spain, to Abu Dhabi, UAE. By comparing our observations with Lagrangian dispersion model simulations, coupled with two methane emission inventories, we identify periods of considerable mismatch and apportion the responsible sources. Employing interspecies relationships with NMHCs has enabled the characterization of methane emissions from oil and gas (O&G) operations, urban centers, Red Sea deep water, enteric fermentation, and agriculture across diverse atmospheric environments. Our analysis reveals that the Suez area is a regional emission hotspot, where simulations consistently underestimate the methane emission sources. Importantly, the Middle Eastern O&G sector has been identified as an additional source of considerable uncertainty. Here, methane emissions were alternately underestimated and overestimated by the two inventories, exposing significant gaps in our understanding of fuel exploitation‐related emissions in the Middle East. This underscores the need for further targeted field campaigns and long‐term observations to improve the accuracy of emission data in the inventories. Plain Language Summary: For the mitigation of human‐induced methane emissions, a detailed characterization of its numerous sources is vital. This is particularly challenging in understudied regions where the source attribution and emission strength thus far relies on satellite observations and country reports. Although such data, representing the entire atmospheric column, are invaluable, source specific emission estimates remain highly uncertain. In this study, we used shipborne measurements of methane to evaluate the performance of two emission inventories commonly used in computer‐based models to simulate methane atmospheric concentrations. The relationships between methane and various co‐emitted reactive trace gases revealed the causes of discrepancies between observations and model simulations. Our results show that, while models are generally reliable at capturing high methane concentrations, they are deficient in the Suez and Middle East areas due to inadequate characterization of emissions from Oil and Gas operations. The research outcomes of this study underscore the crucial role of ground‐based observations in improving the accuracy of methane emission inventories and their reporting, and in supporting evidence‐based policies to mitigate climate change and improve air quality. Key Points: The Suez Canal and the Gulf of Suez are regional pollution hotspots with underestimated methane emission sourcesDiscrepancies between observed and modeled methane mixing ratios were resolved using non‐methane hydrocarbon observationsMethane sources from the oil and gas exploitation sector in the Middle East are particularly uncertain in emission inventories [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
246. Centering Diverse Communities within Mindful Parenting Interventions in the U.S.: A Narrative Literature Review.
- Author
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Williams, J. Corey, Bravo, Noel, Kota, Preeti, Hawkins, Janaire, and Greene, Katherine
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
247. On the Timescales of Border Fault Growth: Pleistocene Slip Acceleration and Lateral Border Fault Propagation in the Lower Shire Graben, East Africa.
- Author
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Dulanya, Z., Kolawole, F., Gallen, S. F., and Williams, J. N.
- Subjects
GEOLOGIC faults ,GEOLOGICAL time scales ,STRUCTURAL geology ,BEDROCK - Abstract
Normal fault systems may grow by the lateral propagation of segments, yet little is known about the timescales over which this may occur and the implications for rift propagation. Footwall bedrock river networks provide a means to delineate the recent fault displacement patterns since erosional landscapes are sensitive recorders of rock uplift histories. Here, we analyze river profiles and map knickpoints in the Ruo River network and several adjacent rivers draining the footwalls of the en‐echelon Thyolo‐Muona‐Camacho border fault system of the Lower Shire Graben, southern East African Rift System. Using parameters calibrated in previous studies, we estimate the knickpoint initiation times and use linear river profile inversions to understand footwall uplift histories. Abrupt increases in bedrock river channel steepness indices approaching the faults suggest a recent acceleration in fault slip rates. Linear inversion of the bedrock river profiles reveals that footwall uplift rates accelerated from ∼0.1 to 0.3 mm/yr at ∼2–3 Ma in the Thyolo‐Muona footwalls. Later, at ∼0.75–1.0 Myr, farther southeast, the Camacho footwall river profiles show an increase in rock uplift rate from ∼0.05 to 0.2 mm/yr, but this signal decays moving southeast. Modern uplift rates along the Thyolo‐Muona section attain 0.33–0.56 mm/yr, and Camacho 0.19–0.29 mm/yr. We propose that within <2 Myr timescale, the border fault grew by an initial (Early Pleistocene) accelerated slip and hard linkage of the already‐nucleated segments, later followed by the southeastward lateral propagation of the system toward the adjacent rift, the Nsanje Graben. Key Points: Footwall rock uplift rates accelerated from ∼0.1 to 0.3 mm/yr at ∼2–3 Ma in the footwalls of the Thyolo‐Muona sections of the border faultLater, at ∼0.75–1.0 Myr, the Camacho section nucleated further southeast, with footwall uplift rates increasing from ∼0.05 to 0.2 mm/yrThe growth of Lower Shire Graben's border fault system demonstrates a laterally propagating fault system, establishing itself within <2 Myrs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
248. Building the Strong Foundation
- Author
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Williams, J. Linda
- Abstract
J. Linda Williams was coordinator of school library services for Anne Arundel County Public Schools prior to her retirement. She served as AASL President 2005-2006 and is also a past president of the Maryland Association of School Librarians. Looking back on her 2005-2006 term as AASL President, Williams writes that she feels that particular year brought things into focus for AASL and school library programs and laid the foundation on which AASL built for the next ten years. School librarians had always faced critical issues and they often seem to be the same ones. It is slowly, very slowly if at all, that they made headway. Librarians had achieved small successes, but not nationally and not sustainably. Almost twenty years after the publication of "Information Power: Guidelines for School Library Media Program" (ALA 1988) and almost ten years after the second edition, "Information Power: Building Partnerships for Learning" (ALA 1998), many of the same issues in addition to new ones were still on the agenda. Standards and guidelines were not widely accepted by the educational community, and the role of school librarians was often misunderstood or given no credibility. While there were critical challenges at the time, they do not seem so significant compared to some of the challenges faced today. ALA has made its presence known and forged partnerships with the other divisions, roundtables, and ALA leaders gaining their support and an understanding for ALA concerns. Williams closes by saying that to ensure that the school library remains an integral part of the educational process, school librarians must work collaboratively with teachers and administrators. She advocates school librarians continuing to take action to further stakeholders' understanding of school librarians' roles, and actively advocating for their profession within their school communities, as well as at the state and national level.
- Published
- 2016
249. A Randomized Control Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instruction in Numeracy on Math Outcomes for Monolingual English Speaking Kindergartners from Title 1 Schools
- Author
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Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (SREE), Foster, M. E., Anthony, J. L., Clements, D. H., Sarama, J., and Williams, J. M.
- Abstract
Children from low-income and ethnic minority backgrounds have demonstrated substantially lower levels of math achievement than their middle class majority peers for decades. The present study addressed two research questions: (1) when used as a supplement to typical classroom instruction and in isolation from the larger curriculum, does Building Blocks Software lead to improvements in math achievement as measured by proximal and distal measures of mathematics?; and (2) are the impacts of supplemental use of Building Blocks Software specific to math achievement? Nine Title 1 schools drawn from a large urban school district in Texas that primarily served students from low-income and ethnic minority backgrounds participated in this study. Forty kindergarten classrooms, all with full-day programming, participated. The sample consisted of 243 monolingual English speaking children (52% female). Most of these children represented ethnic minorities: 63% were African American, 30% Hispanic/Latino, 4% mixed ethnicity, 2% Caucasian, and 1% other. At the study's onset, the sample's scores on norm-referenced standardized tests of verbal ability (M = 84; SD = 14) and nonverbal ability (M = 77, SD = 11) were low average and below average, respectively, indicating risk for poor academic outcomes. Participants were randomized to receive computer assisted instruction with "Building Blocks Software" or "Earobics Step 1", a literacy software program. Randomized control trial; participants were randomized with equal probability from within classroom to one of the two experimental conditions. Children's numeracy skills were assessed with the "Research Based Early Math Assessment," a measure proximal to the Building Blocks Software at the beginning (i.e., pretest) and at the end (i.e., posttest) of children's kindergarten year. At posttest, the Applied Problems subtest from the "Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement," a distal measure of broad math achievement, was administered. To examine treatment specificity, vocabulary was assessed with the "Expressive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test" at pretest and posttest. Significant benefits for posttest math scores, but not vocabulary scores, were seen for children in the "Building Blocks Software" condition. For numeracy scores at posttest, there was a main effect for group, F(1, 178) = 8.08, p < 0.01, after accounting for numeracy scores from pretest and classroom nesting. The "Building Blocks Software" group outperformed the comparison group, with a difference in least squared means of 1.85 raw score units. This study demonstrated that a relatively low intensity, supplemental implementation of "Building Blocks Software" throughout most of children's kindergarten school year led to reliable improvements in math achievement.
- Published
- 2016
250. The ALMA Early Science View of FUor/EXor objects. II. The Very Wide Outflow Driven by HBC 494
- Author
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Ruíz-Rodríguez, D., Cieza, L. A., Williams, J. P., Tobin, J. J., Hales, A., Zhu, Z., Mužić, K., Principe, D., Canovas, H., Zurlo, A., Casassus, S., Perez, S., and Prieto, J. L.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle-2 observations of the HBC 494 molecular outflow and envelope. HBC 494 is an FU Ori-like object embedded in the Orion A cloud and is associated with the reflection nebulae Re50 and Re50N. We use $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O spectral line data to independently describe the outflow and envelope structures associated with HBC 494. The moment-1 map of the $^{12}$CO emission shows the widest outflow cavities in a Class I object known to date (opening angle $\sim$ 150$^{^{\circ}}$). The morphology of the wide outflow is likely to be due to the interaction between winds originating in the inner disc and the surrounding envelope. The low-velocity blue- and red-shifted $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O emission trace the rotation and infall motion of the circumstellar envelope. Using molecular line data and adopting standard methods for correcting optical depth effects, we estimate its kinematic properties, including an outflow mass on the order of 10$^{-1}$ M$_{\odot}$. Considering the large estimated outflow mass for HBC 494, our results support recent theoretical work suggesting that wind-driven processes might dominate the evolution of protoplanetary discs via energetic outflows., Comment: 14 pages, 12 Figures
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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