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211. Reduced fertility among women employed as dental assistants exposed to high levels of nitrous oxide

Author

Rowland, Andrew S., Baird, Donna Day, Weinberg, Clarice R., Shore, David L., Shy, Carl M., and Wilcox, Allen J.

Subjects
Nitrous oxide -- Health aspects, Infertility, Female -- Risk factors, Dental personnel -- Health aspects
Abstract

Women who are exposed to high levels of nitrous oxide in their occupation may have a higher risk of infertility than other women. Nitrous oxide is a gas that is used as a pain killer or as a carrier gas for other anesthetics. Among 418 female dental assistants between 18 and 39 years old who had become pregnant within a four-year period, 28% had become pregnant during the first menstrual cycle of unprotected intercourse. Eighty-seven percent of the women had conceived by the end of 13 menstrual cycles. A longer period of exposure to nitrous oxide was associated with a decreased ability to become pregnant. Nineteen women who were exposed to high levels of nitrous oxide five or more hours per week were less than half as likely to conceive during each menstrual cycle as unexposed women. Exposure to high levels of nitrous oxide may interfere with the secretion of reproductive hormones in women.

Published
1992

230. Identification of DNA methylation changes in newborns related to maternal smoking during pregnancy

Author

Markunas, Christina A., Xu, Zongli, Harlid, Sophia, Wade, Paul A., Lie, Rolv T., Taylor, Jack A., and Wilcox, Allen J.

Subjects
Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, DNA -- Physiological aspects, Methylation -- Research, Smoking in pregnancy -- Research, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

Background: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with significant infant morbidity and mortality, and may influence later disease risk. One mechanism by which smoking (and other environmental factors) might have long-lasting effects is through epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation. Objectives: We conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) investigating alterations in DNA methylation in infants exposed in utero to maternal tobacco smoke, using the Norway Facial Clefts Study. Methods: The Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip was used to assess DNA methylation in whole blood from 889 infants shortly after delivery. Of 889 mothers, 287 reported smoking--twice as many smokers as in any previous EWAS of maternal smoking. CpG sites related to maternal smoking during the first trimester were identified using robust linear regression. Results: We identified 185 CpGs with altered methylation in infants of smokers at genome-wide significance (q-value < 0.05; mean Δβ = ± 2%). These correspond to 110 gene regions, of which 7 have been previously reported and 10 are newly confirmed using publicly available results. Among these 10, the most noteworthy are FRMD4A, ATP9A, GALNT2, and MEG3, implicated in processes related to nicotine dependence, smoking cessation, and placental and embryonic development. Conclusions: Our study identified 10 genes with newly established links to maternal smoking. Further, we note differences between smoking-related methylation changes in newborns and adults, suggesting possible distinct effects of direct versus indirect tobacco smoke exposure as well as potential differences due to age. Further work would be needed to determine whether these small changes in DNA methylation are biologically or clinically relevant. The methylation changes identified in newborns may mediate the association between in utero maternal smoking exposure and later health outcomes. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307892, Introduction Cigarette smoke contains > 7,000 chemicals, of which hundreds are known to be harmful and at least 69 are known to cause cancer [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [...]

Published
2014
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233. Cohort Profile: Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium

Author

dIRAS RA-2, One Health Chemisch, Felix, Janine F, Joubert, Bonnie R, Baccarelli, Andrea A, Sharp, Gemma C, Almqvist, Catarina, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Arshad, S. Hasan, Baïz, Nour, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J., Bakulski, Kelly M, Binder, Elisabeth B, Bouchard, Luigi, Breton, Carrie V, Brunekreef, Bert, Brunst, Kelly J, Burchard, Esteban G., Bustamante, Mariona, Chatzi, Leda, Cheng Munthe-Kaas, Monica, Corpeleijn, Eva, Czamara, Darina, Dabelea, Dana, Davey Smith, George, De Boever, Patrick, Duijts, Liesbeth, Dwyer, Terence, Eng, Celeste, Eskenazi, Brenda, Everson, Todd M, Falahi, Fahimeh, Fallin, M Daniele, Farchi, Sara, Fernandez, Mariana F., Gao, Lu, Gaunt, Tom R, Ghantous, Akram, Gillman, Matthew W, Gonseth, Semira, Grote, Veit, Gruzieva, Olena, Håberg, Siri E, Herceg, Zdenko, Hivert, Marie-France, Holland, Nina, Holloway, John W, Hoyo, Cathrine, Hu, Donglei, Huang, Rae-Chi, Huen, Karen, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jima, Dereje D, Just, Allan C, Karagas, Margaret R, Karlsson, Robert, Karmaus, Wilfried, Kechris, Katerina J, Kere, Juha, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koletzko, Berthold, Koppelman, Gerard H, Küpers, Leanne K., Ladd-Acosta, Christine, Lahti, Jari, Lambrechts, Nathalie, Langie, Sabine A S, Lie, Rolv T, Liu, Andrew H, Magnus, Maria C, Magnus, Per, Maguire, Rachel L, Marsit, Carmen J, McArdle, Wendy, Melén, Erik, Melton, Phillip, Murphy, Susan K, Nawrot, Tim S, Nisticò, Lorenza, Nohr, Ellen A, Nordlund, Björn, Nystad, Wenche, Oh, Sam S, Oken, Emily, Page, Christian M, Perron, Patrice, Pershagen, Göran, Pizzi, Costanza, Plusquin, Michelle, Raikkonen, Katri, Reese, Sarah E, Reischl, Eva, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Ring, Susan M, Roy, Ritu P, Rzehak, Peter, Schoeters, Greet, Schwartz, David A, Sebert, Sylvain, Snieder, Harold, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Starling, Anne P, Sunyer, Jordi, Taylor, Jack A, Tiemeier, Henning, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Vafeiadi, Marina, van IJzendoorn, Marinus H, Vonk, Judith M, Vriens, Annette, Vrijheid, Martine, Wang, Pei, Wiemels, Joseph L, Wilcox, Allen J, Wright, Rosalind J, Xu, Cheng-Jian, Xu, Zongli, Yang, Ivana V, Yousefi, Paul, Zhang, Hongmei, Zhang, Weiming, Zhao, Shanshan, Agha, Golareh, Relton, Caroline L, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, London, Stephanie J, dIRAS RA-2, One Health Chemisch, Felix, Janine F, Joubert, Bonnie R, Baccarelli, Andrea A, Sharp, Gemma C, Almqvist, Catarina, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Arshad, S. Hasan, Baïz, Nour, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J., Bakulski, Kelly M, Binder, Elisabeth B, Bouchard, Luigi, Breton, Carrie V, Brunekreef, Bert, Brunst, Kelly J, Burchard, Esteban G., Bustamante, Mariona, Chatzi, Leda, Cheng Munthe-Kaas, Monica, Corpeleijn, Eva, Czamara, Darina, Dabelea, Dana, Davey Smith, George, De Boever, Patrick, Duijts, Liesbeth, Dwyer, Terence, Eng, Celeste, Eskenazi, Brenda, Everson, Todd M, Falahi, Fahimeh, Fallin, M Daniele, Farchi, Sara, Fernandez, Mariana F., Gao, Lu, Gaunt, Tom R, Ghantous, Akram, Gillman, Matthew W, Gonseth, Semira, Grote, Veit, Gruzieva, Olena, Håberg, Siri E, Herceg, Zdenko, Hivert, Marie-France, Holland, Nina, Holloway, John W, Hoyo, Cathrine, Hu, Donglei, Huang, Rae-Chi, Huen, Karen, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jima, Dereje D, Just, Allan C, Karagas, Margaret R, Karlsson, Robert, Karmaus, Wilfried, Kechris, Katerina J, Kere, Juha, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koletzko, Berthold, Koppelman, Gerard H, Küpers, Leanne K., Ladd-Acosta, Christine, Lahti, Jari, Lambrechts, Nathalie, Langie, Sabine A S, Lie, Rolv T, Liu, Andrew H, Magnus, Maria C, Magnus, Per, Maguire, Rachel L, Marsit, Carmen J, McArdle, Wendy, Melén, Erik, Melton, Phillip, Murphy, Susan K, Nawrot, Tim S, Nisticò, Lorenza, Nohr, Ellen A, Nordlund, Björn, Nystad, Wenche, Oh, Sam S, Oken, Emily, Page, Christian M, Perron, Patrice, Pershagen, Göran, Pizzi, Costanza, Plusquin, Michelle, Raikkonen, Katri, Reese, Sarah E, Reischl, Eva, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Ring, Susan M, Roy, Ritu P, Rzehak, Peter, Schoeters, Greet, Schwartz, David A, Sebert, Sylvain, Snieder, Harold, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Starling, Anne P, Sunyer, Jordi, Taylor, Jack A, Tiemeier, Henning, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Vafeiadi, Marina, van IJzendoorn, Marinus H, Vonk, Judith M, Vriens, Annette, Vrijheid, Martine, Wang, Pei, Wiemels, Joseph L, Wilcox, Allen J, Wright, Rosalind J, Xu, Cheng-Jian, Xu, Zongli, Yang, Ivana V, Yousefi, Paul, Zhang, Hongmei, Zhang, Weiming, Zhao, Shanshan, Agha, Golareh, Relton, Caroline L, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, and London, Stephanie J

Published
2018

234. Parental socioeconomic status and risk of cerebral palsy in the child:evidence from two Nordic population-based cohorts

Author

Forthun, Ingeborg, Strandberg-Larsen, Katrine, Wilcox, Allen J., Moster, Dag, Petersen, Tanja Gram, Vik, Torstein, Lie, Rolv Terje, Uldall, Peter, Tollanes, Mette Christophersen, Forthun, Ingeborg, Strandberg-Larsen, Katrine, Wilcox, Allen J., Moster, Dag, Petersen, Tanja Gram, Vik, Torstein, Lie, Rolv Terje, Uldall, Peter, and Tollanes, Mette Christophersen

Published
2018

235. Cohort Profile:Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium

Author

Felix, Janine F, Joubert, Bonnie R, Baccarelli, Andrea A, Sharp, Gemma C, Almqvist, Catarina, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Arshad, Hasan, Baïz, Nour, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J, Bakulski, Kelly M, Binder, Elisabeth B, Bouchard, Luigi, Breton, Carrie V, Brunekreef, Bert, Brunst, Kelly J, Burchard, Esteban G, Bustamante, Mariona, Chatzi, Leda, Cheng Munthe-Kaas, Monica, Corpeleijn, Eva, Czamara, Darina, Dabelea, Dana, Davey Smith, George, De Boever, Patrick, Duijts, Liesbeth, Dwyer, Terence, Eng, Celeste, Eskenazi, Brenda, Everson, Todd M, Falahi, Fahimeh, Fallin, M Daniele, Farchi, Sara, Fernandez, Mariana F, Gao, Lu, Gaunt, Tom R, Ghantous, Akram, Gillman, Matthew W, Gonseth, Semira, Grote, Veit, Gruzieva, Olena, Håberg, Siri E, Herceg, Zdenko, Hivert, Marie-France, Holland, Nina, Holloway, John W, Hoyo, Cathrine, Hu, Donglei, Huang, Rae-Chi, Huen, Karen, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jima, Dereje D, Just, Allan C, Karagas, Margaret R, Karlsson, Robert, Karmaus, Wilfried, Kechris, Katerina J, Kere, Juha, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koletzko, Berthold, Koppelman, Gerard H, Küpers, Leanne K, Ladd-Acosta, Christine, Lahti, Jari, Lambrechts, Nathalie, Langie, Sabine A S, Lie, Rolv T, Liu, Andrew H, Magnus, Maria C, Magnus, Per, Maguire, Rachel L, Marsit, Carmen J, McArdle, Wendy, Melén, Erik, Melton, Phillip, Murphy, Susan K, Nawrot, Tim S, Nisticò, Lorenza, Nohr, Ellen A., Nordlund, Björn, Nystad, Wenche, Oh, Sam S, Oken, Emily, Page, Christian M, Perron, Patrice, Pershagen, Göran, Pizzi, Costanza, Plusquin, Michelle, Raikkonen, Katri, Reese, Sarah E, Reischl, Eva, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Ring, Susan, Roy, Ritu P, Rzehak, Peter, Schoeters, Greet, Schwartz, David A, Sebert, Sylvain, Snieder, Harold, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Starling, Anne P, Sunyer, Jordi, Taylor, Jack A, Tiemeier, Henning, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Vafeiadi, Marina, Van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H, Vonk, Judith M, Vriens, Annette, Vrijheid, Martine, Wang, Pei, Wiemels, Joseph L, Wilcox, Allen J, Wright, Rosalind J, Xu, Cheng-Jian, Xu, Zongli, Yang, Ivana V, Yousefi, Paul, Zhang, Hongmei, Zhang, Weiming, Zhao, Shanshan, Agha, Golareh, Relton, Caroline L, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, London, Stephanie J, Felix, Janine F, Joubert, Bonnie R, Baccarelli, Andrea A, Sharp, Gemma C, Almqvist, Catarina, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Arshad, Hasan, Baïz, Nour, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J, Bakulski, Kelly M, Binder, Elisabeth B, Bouchard, Luigi, Breton, Carrie V, Brunekreef, Bert, Brunst, Kelly J, Burchard, Esteban G, Bustamante, Mariona, Chatzi, Leda, Cheng Munthe-Kaas, Monica, Corpeleijn, Eva, Czamara, Darina, Dabelea, Dana, Davey Smith, George, De Boever, Patrick, Duijts, Liesbeth, Dwyer, Terence, Eng, Celeste, Eskenazi, Brenda, Everson, Todd M, Falahi, Fahimeh, Fallin, M Daniele, Farchi, Sara, Fernandez, Mariana F, Gao, Lu, Gaunt, Tom R, Ghantous, Akram, Gillman, Matthew W, Gonseth, Semira, Grote, Veit, Gruzieva, Olena, Håberg, Siri E, Herceg, Zdenko, Hivert, Marie-France, Holland, Nina, Holloway, John W, Hoyo, Cathrine, Hu, Donglei, Huang, Rae-Chi, Huen, Karen, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jima, Dereje D, Just, Allan C, Karagas, Margaret R, Karlsson, Robert, Karmaus, Wilfried, Kechris, Katerina J, Kere, Juha, Kogevinas, Manolis, Koletzko, Berthold, Koppelman, Gerard H, Küpers, Leanne K, Ladd-Acosta, Christine, Lahti, Jari, Lambrechts, Nathalie, Langie, Sabine A S, Lie, Rolv T, Liu, Andrew H, Magnus, Maria C, Magnus, Per, Maguire, Rachel L, Marsit, Carmen J, McArdle, Wendy, Melén, Erik, Melton, Phillip, Murphy, Susan K, Nawrot, Tim S, Nisticò, Lorenza, Nohr, Ellen A., Nordlund, Björn, Nystad, Wenche, Oh, Sam S, Oken, Emily, Page, Christian M, Perron, Patrice, Pershagen, Göran, Pizzi, Costanza, Plusquin, Michelle, Raikkonen, Katri, Reese, Sarah E, Reischl, Eva, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Ring, Susan, Roy, Ritu P, Rzehak, Peter, Schoeters, Greet, Schwartz, David A, Sebert, Sylvain, Snieder, Harold, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Starling, Anne P, Sunyer, Jordi, Taylor, Jack A, Tiemeier, Henning, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Vafeiadi, Marina, Van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H, Vonk, Judith M, Vriens, Annette, Vrijheid, Martine, Wang, Pei, Wiemels, Joseph L, Wilcox, Allen J, Wright, Rosalind J, Xu, Cheng-Jian, Xu, Zongli, Yang, Ivana V, Yousefi, Paul, Zhang, Hongmei, Zhang, Weiming, Zhao, Shanshan, Agha, Golareh, Relton, Caroline L, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, and London, Stephanie J

Published
2018

239. Onset of menopause in women exposed to diethylstilbesterol in utero

Author

Hornsby, Paige P., Wilcox, Allen J., and Herbst, Arthur L.

Subjects
Menopause -- Risk factors, Diethylstilbestrol -- Adverse and side effects, Health
Abstract

Women whose mothers took diethylstilbestrol (DES) during their pregnancy do not appear to be at higher risk for early menopause. Telephone interviews were conducted with 542 daughters of mothers who participated in a randomized trial of DES carried out at Chicago Lying-In Hospital from 1950 to 1952. In this group, 296 women were exposed to DES in utero and 246 women's mothers took a placebo. Women were aged 37 to 39 at the time of the interview. The prevalence of hot flashes and night sweats, the most common symptoms of menopause, were similar between groups. Two women, one in each group, had a confirmed diagnosis of premature ovarian failure.

Published
1995

246. Menstrual irregularity as a biological limit to early pregnancy awareness.

Author

Nobles, Jenna, Cannon, Lindsay, and Wilcox, Allen J.

Subjects
ABORTION laws, YOUNG women, PREGNANCY, POLYCYSTIC ovary syndrome, MENSTRUAL cycle, ABORTION
Abstract

US state legislatures have proposed laws to prohibit abortion once the earliest embryonic electrical activity is detectable (fetal "heartbeat"). On average, this occurs roughly 6 wk after the last menstrual period. To be eligible for abortion, people must recognize pregnancy very early in gestation. The earliest symptom of pregnancy is a missed period, and irregular menstrual cycles--which occur frequently--can delay pregnancy detection past the point of fetal cardiac activity. In our analysis of 1.6 million prospectively recorded menstrual cycles, cycle irregularity was more common among young women, Hispanic women, and women with common health conditions, such as diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. These groups face physiological limitations in detecting pregnancy before fetal cardiac activity. Restriction of abortion this early in gestation differentially affects specific population subgroups, for reasons outside of individual control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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248. Stumped by the Hump: The Curious Rise and Fall of Norwegian Birthweights, 1991-2007.

Author

Carlsen, Ellen Øen, Magnus, Maria C., Omsland, Tone K., Magnus, Per M., Håberg, Siri E., and Wilcox, Allen J.

Abstract

Background: There was a distinct rise in mean birthweights in Norway starting in 1991 that plateaued in 1996-2002 and then declined to previous levels. We investigated whether these changes corresponded to trends in neonatal mortality or other birthweight-associated pregnancy outcomes. We also explored known predictors of birthweight and examined whether these could explain the birthweight trends.Methods: We calculated mean birthweight for all live births in Norway in each year from 1982 to 2016, together with annual neonatal mortality and proportion of infants born preterm, or with low Apgar score. We stratified mean birthweight over time by factors including parity, gestational age, and Scandinavian versus non-Scandinavian origin of mother, to test robustness of the pattern. In addition, we used multivariable linear regression to obtain adjusted estimates for mean birthweight per year.Results: A 50-g rise and fall of mean birthweights during a 25-year period was not accompanied by corresponding changes in neonatal mortality, preterm births, or Apgar scores. The distinct hump pattern was restricted to term births and was not apparent among infants of mothers born outside Scandinavia. We saw a similar pattern for Sweden but not Finland. Known predictors of birthweight (such as parity, mode of onset of delivery, and marital status) did not explain the hump.Conclusions: A distinct temporal hump in mean birthweight among Norwegian term births had no obvious explanations. Furthermore, these fluctuations in birthweight were not associated indirectly with adverse outcomes in measures of infant health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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249. Seasonal and pandemic influenza during pregnancy and risk of fetal death: A Norwegian registry-based cohort study.

Author

Gunnes, Nina, Gjessing, Håkon Kristian, Bakken, Inger Johanne, Ghaderi, Sara, Gran, Jon Michael, Hungnes, Olav, Magnus, Per, Samuelsen, Sven Ove, Skrondal, Anders, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Trogstad, Lill, Wilcox, Allen J., and Håberg, Siri Eldevik

Subjects
FETAL death, SEASONAL influenza, PANDEMICS, MATERNAL mortality, FIRST trimester of pregnancy, COMMUNICABLE diseases, INFLUENZA vaccines
Abstract

Previous studies of fetal death with maternal influenza have been inconsistent. We explored the effect of maternal influenza-like illness (ILI) in pregnancy on the risk of fetal death, distinguishing between diagnoses during regular influenza seasons and the 2009/2010 pandemic and between trimesters of ILI. We used birth records from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to identify fetal deaths after the first trimester in singleton pregnancies (2006–2013). The Norwegian Directorate of Health provided dates of clinical influenza diagnoses by primary-health-care providers, whereas dates of laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1) diagnoses were provided by the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases. We obtained dates and types of influenza vaccinations from the Norwegian Immunisation Registry. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of fetal death, with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), comparing women with and without an ILI diagnosis in pregnancy. There were 2510 fetal deaths among 417,406 eligible pregnancies. ILI during regular seasons was not associated with increased risk of fetal death: adjusted HR = 0.90 (95% CI 0.64–1.27). In contrast, ILI during the pandemic was associated with substantially increased risk of fetal death, with an adjusted HR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.21–2.54). The risk was highest following first-trimester ILI (adjusted HR = 2.28 [95% CI 1.45–3.59]). ILI during the pandemic—but not during regular seasons—was associated with increased risk of fetal death in the second and third trimester. The estimated effect was strongest with ILI in first trimester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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