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206. Polymorphisms in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene modify blood glucose response to dietary oils varying in MUFA content in adults with obesity

Author

Mutch, David M., primary, Lowry, Dana E., additional, Roth, Michael, additional, Sihag, Jyoti, additional, Hammad, Shatha S., additional, Taylor, Carla G., additional, Zahradka, Peter, additional, Connelly, Philip W., additional, West, Sheila G., additional, Bowen, Kate, additional, Kris-Etherton, Penny M., additional, Lamarche, Benoît, additional, Couture, Patrick, additional, Guay, Valérie, additional, Jenkins, David J. A., additional, Eck, Peter, additional, and Jones, Peter J. H., additional more...

Published
2021
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208. Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis after mass treatment of a trachoma hyperendemic community in Tanzania: a longitudinal study

Author

West, Sheila K., Munoz, Beatriz, Mkocha, Harran, Holland, Martin J., Aguirre, Aura, Solomon, Anthony W., Foster, Allen, Bailey, Robin L., and Mabey, David C.W.

Subjects
Epidemiology -- Research, Chlamydia trachomatis -- Development and progression, Chlamydia trachomatis -- Prevention, Chlamydia trachomatis -- Care and treatment, Chlamydia trachomatis -- Risk factors
Published
2005

209. Lipid response to a low-fat diet with or without soy is modified by C-reactive protein status in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults

Author

Hilpert, Kirsten F., Kris-Etherton, Penny M., and West, Sheila G.

Subjects
Soy protein -- Health aspects, Low-fat diet -- Health aspects, Low-fat diet -- Management, Lipids -- Health aspects, Soybean products -- Health aspects, Company business management, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that individuals with high concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, are less responsive to cholesterol-lowering diets. CRP concentrations are increased by oral estrogen; however, the effect of soy phytoestrogens on inflammation has not been studied comprehensively, especially in women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This study was conducted to determine whether adding soy to a low-fat, high-fiber diet affects CRP and interleukin (IL)-6, and to examine the association between CRP levels and lipid response in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults (men = 18, postmenopausal women = 14; 6 receiving HRT). After a 3-wk run-in period with consumption of a Step I diet (27% total fat, 7% saturated fat, 275 mg cholesterol), participants were randomly assigned to diets containing 25 g/d soy protein (+ 90 mg/d isoflavones) or 25 g/d milk protein for 6 wk in a crossover design. Lipids and lipoproteins, CRP, and IL-6 were measured at the end of each diet and participants were categorized into high (>3.5 mg/L) or low CRP groups based on a median split. The addition of soy or milk protein to the Step I diet did not affect lipids or inflammatory markers. Regardless of protein source, those with low CRP exhibited significant decreases in LDL cholesterol (-3.5%) and the LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio (-4.8%), whereas those with high CRP had significant increases in LDL cholesterol (+4.8%), the LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio (+5.2%), apolipoprotein B (+3.8%), and lipoprotein(a) (+13.5%) compared with the run-in diet. These results suggest that inflammation may not only attenuate lipid responses, but also aggravate dyslipidemia in hypercholesterolemic subjects consuming a cholesterol-lowering diet. KEY WORDS: * inflammation * cholesterol * diet * isoflavones * hormone replacement therapy more...

Published
2005

210. Re-emergence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection after mass antibiotic treatment of a trachoma-endemic Gambian community: a longitudinal study

Author

Burton, Matthew J., Holland, Martin J., Makalo, Pateh, Aryee, Esther A.N., Alexander, Neal D.E., Sillah, Ansumana, Faal, Hannah, West, Sheila K., Foster, Allen, Johnson, Gordon J., Mabey, David C.W., and Bailey, Robin L. more...

Subjects
Chlamydia trachomatis -- Causes of, Chlamydia trachomatis -- Care and treatment, Chlamydia trachomatis -- Drug therapy
Published
2005

211. Oral L-arginine improves hemodynamic responses to stress and reduces plasma homocysteine in hypercholesterolemic men

Author

West, Sheila G., Likos-Krick, Andrea, Brown, Peter, Mariotti, Francois, and pressure, blood

Subjects
Men -- Health aspects, Stress (Physiology), Hypercholesterolemia, Homocysteine, Blood pressure, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

When administered intravenously, L-arginine substantially reduces blood pressure (BP) and peripheral vascular resistance in healthy adults and in patients with vascular disease. Oral L-arginine has been shown to improve endothelial function; however, it is not clear whether oral administration has significant effects on systemic hemodynamics. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study we tested whether oral L-arginine (12 g/d for 3 wk) affected hemodynamics, glucose, insulin, or C-reactive protein in 16 middle-age men with hypercholesterolemia. After each treatment, hemodynamic variables were measured at rest and during 2 standardized stressor tasks (a simulated public-speaking task and the cold pressor). Regardless of treatment, the stressor tasks increased BP and heart rate (P [less than or equal to] 0.02). Relative to placebo, L-arginine changed cardiac output (-0.4 L/m), diastolic BP (-1.9 mm Hg), pre-ejection period (+3.4 ms), and plasma homocysteine (-2.0 umol/L) (P [less than or equal to] 0.03). The change in plasma L-arginine was inversely correlated with the change in plasma homocysteine (r = -0.57, P = 0.03). Contrary to the results of previous studies of L-arginine administered intravenously, oral administration did not affect total peripheral resistance or plasma insulin. Oral L-arginine also did not affect plasma glucose, C-reactive protein, or lipids. This pattern of findings is consistent with the hypothesis that oral L-arginine reduces BP. This study is the first to describe a hemodynamic mechanism for the hypotensive effect of oral L-arginine and the first to show substantial reductions in homocysteine with oral administration. KEY WORDS: * L-arginine * peripheral resistance * hemodynamic * homocysteine * acute stress more...

Published
2005

216. Mass treatment with single-dose azithromycin for trachoma

Author

Solomon, Anthony W., Natividad-Sancho, Angels, Peeling, Rosanna W., Holland, Martin J., Molina, Sandra, West, Sheila K., Alexander, Neal D.E., Safari, Salesia, Bailey, Robin L., Massae, Patrick A., Shao, John F., Foster, Allen, Aguirre, Aura, Courtright, Paul, and Mabey, David C.W. more...

Subjects
Chlamydia infections -- Research, Chlamydia infections -- Care and treatment, Azithromycin -- Research
Abstract

Conjunctival swabs are collected for quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction assay of Chlamydia trachomatis before and 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after mass treatment with azithromycin in a Tanzanian community. The conclusion states that one-round of very-high-coverage mass treatment with azithromycin can interrupt the transmission of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection. more...

Published
2004

217. Dietary [alpha]-Linolenic acid reduces inflammatory and lipid cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men and women

Author

Zhao, Guixiang, Etherton, Terry D., Martin, Keith R., West, Sheila G., Gillies, Peter J., and Kris-Etherton, Penny M.

Subjects
Linoleic acids -- Health aspects, Hypercholesterolemia -- Care and treatment, Hypercholesterolemia -- Diet therapy, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

[alpha]-Linolenic acid (ALA) reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, possibly by favorably changing vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Inflammatory markers and lipids and lipoproteins were assessed in hypercholesterolemic subjects (n = 23) fed 2 diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol, and high in PUFA varying in ALA (ALA Diet) and linoleic acid (LA Diet) compared with an average American diet (AAD). The ALA Diet provided 17% energy from PUFA (10.5% LA; 6.5% ALA); the LA Diet provided 16.4% energy from PUFA (12.6% LA; 3.6%,ALA); and the AAD provided 8.7% energy from PUFA (7.7% LA; 0.8% ALA). The ALA Diet decreased C-reactive protein (CRP, P < 0.01), whereas the LA Diet tended to decrease CRP (P = 0.08). Although the 2 high-PUFA diets similarly decreased intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 vs. AAD (-19.1% by the ALA Diet, P < 0.01; - 11.0% by the LA Diet, P < 0.01), the ALA Diet decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1, -15.6% vs. -3.1%, P < 0.01) and E-selectin (-14.6% vs. -8.1%, P < 0.01) more than the LA Diet. Changes in CRP and VCAM-1 were inversely associated with changes in serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (r = -0.496, P = 0.016; r = -0.418, P = 0.047), or EPA plus docosapentaenoic acid (r = -0.409, P = 0.053; r = -0.357, P = 0.091) after subjects consumed the ALA Diet. The 2 high-PUFA diets decreased serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides similarly (P < 0.05); the ALA Diet decreased HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein Al compared with the AAD (P < 0.05). ALA appears to decrease CVD risk by inhibiting vascular inflammation and endothelial activation beyond its lipid-lowering effects. KEY WORDS: * [alpha]-linolenic acid * PUFA * C-reactive protein * cell adhesion molecules * lipids and lipoproteins more...

Published
2004

218. Contribution of sex-linked biology and gender roles to disparities with trachoma

Author

Courtright, Paul and West, Sheila K.

Subjects
Research, Risk factors, Demographic aspects, Causes of, Eye infections -- Causes of -- Research -- Risk factors -- Demographic aspects, Trachoma -- Causes of -- Research -- Risk factors -- Demographic aspects
Abstract

Globally, trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness. Survey data consistently show that trachoma-related blindness is two to four times higher in women than men. Tracing the increased risk [...] more...

Published
2004

230. Global Prevalence and Major Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy

Author

Yau, Joanne W.Y., Rogers, Sophie L., Kawasaki, Ryo, Lamoureux, Ecosse L., Kowalski, Jonathan W., Bek, Toke, Chen, Shih-Jen, Dekker, Jacqueline M., Fletcher, Astrid, Grauslund, Jakob, Haffner, Steven, Hamman, Richard F., Ikram, M. Kamran, Kayama, Takamasa, Klein, Barbara E.K., Klein, Ronald, Krishnaiah, Sannapaneni, Mayurasakorn, Korapat, O’Hare, Joseph P., Orchard, Trevor J., Porta, Massimo, Rema, Mohan, Roy, Monique S., Sharma, Tarun, Shaw, Jonathan, Taylor, Hugh, Tielsch, James M., Varma, Rohit, Wang, Jie Jin, Wang, Ningli, West, Sheila, Xu, Liang, Yasuda, Miho, Zhang, Xinzhi, Mitchell, Paul, and Wong, Tien Y. more...

Published
2012
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243. The use of serology for trachoma surveillance: Current status and priorities for future investigation

Author

Martin, Diana L., primary, Saboyà-Díaz, Martha Idalí, additional, Abashawl, Aida, additional, Alemayeh, Wondu, additional, Gwyn, Sarah, additional, Hooper, Pamela J., additional, Keenan, Jeremy, additional, Kalua, Khumbo, additional, Szwarcwald, Celia Landmann, additional, Nash, Scott, additional, Oldenburg, Catherine, additional, West, Sheila K., additional, White, Michael, additional, and Solomon, Anthony W., additional more...

Published
2020
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247. Faster Sensitivity Loss around Dense Scotomas than for Overall Macular Sensitivity in Stargardt Disease: ProgStar Report No. 14

Author

Schönbach, Etienne M., primary, Strauss, Rupert W., additional, Ibrahim, Mohamed A., additional, Janes, Jessica L., additional, Birch, David G., additional, Cideciyan, Artur V., additional, Sunness, Janet S., additional, Muñoz, Beatriz, additional, Ip, Michael S., additional, Sadda, SriniVas R., additional, Scholl, Hendrik P.N., additional, Wolfson, Yulia, additional, Bittencourt, Millena, additional, Shah, Syed Mahmood, additional, Ahmed, Mohamed, additional, Schönbach, Etienne, additional, Fujinami, Kaoru, additional, Traboulsi, Elias, additional, Ehlers, Justis, additional, Marino, Meghan, additional, Crowe, Susan, additional, Briggs, Rachael, additional, Borer, Angela, additional, Pinter, Anne, additional, Fecko, Tami, additional, Burgnoni, Nikki, additional, Applegate, Carol, additional, Russell, Leslie, additional, Michaelides, Michel, additional, Degli Esposti, Simona, additional, Moore, Anthony, additional, Webster, Andrew, additional, Connor, Sophie, additional, Barnfield, Jade, additional, Salchi, Zaid, additional, Alfageme, Clara, additional, McCudden, Victoria, additional, Pefkianaki, Maria, additional, Aboshiha, Jonathan, additional, Liew, Gerald, additional, Holder, Graham, additional, Robson, Anthony, additional, King, Alexa, additional, Cajas Narvaez, Daniela Ivanova, additional, Barnard, Katy, additional, Grigg, Catherine, additional, Dunbar, Hannah, additional, Obadeyi, Yetunde, additional, Girard-Claudon, Karine, additional, Swann, Hilary, additional, Rughani, Avani, additional, Amoah, Charles, additional, Carrington, Dominic, additional, Bibi, Kanom, additional, Ting, Emerson, additional, Illiyas, Mohamed Nafaz, additional, Begum, Hamida, additional, Carter, Andrew, additional, Georgiou, Anne, additional, Lewism, Selma, additional, Shaheen, Saddaf, additional, Shinmar, Harpreet, additional, Burton, Linda, additional, Bernstein, Paul, additional, Wegner, Kimberley, additional, Sawyer, Briana Lauren, additional, Carlstrom, Bonnie, additional, Farnsworth, Kellian, additional, Fry, Cyrie, additional, Chandler, Melissa, additional, Jenkins, Glen, additional, Creel, Donnel, additional, Birch, David, additional, Wang, Yi-Zhong, additional, Rodriguez, Luis, additional, Locke, Kirsten, additional, Klein, Martin, additional, Mejia, Paulina, additional, Jacobson, Samuel G., additional, Schwartz, Sharon B., additional, Matsui, Rodrigo, additional, Gruzensky, Michaela, additional, Charng, Jason, additional, Roman, Alejandro J., additional, Zrenner, Eberhart, additional, Nasser, Fadi, additional, Hahn, Gesa Astrid, additional, Wilhelm, Barbara, additional, Peters, Tobias, additional, Beier, Benjamin, additional, Koenig, Tilman, additional, Kramer, Susanne, additional, Sahel, José-Alain, additional, Mohand-Said, Saddek, additional, Audo, Isabelle, additional, Laurent-Coriat, Caroline, additional, Sliesoraityte, Ieva, additional, Zeitz, Christina, additional, Boyard, Fiona, additional, Tran, Minh Ha, additional, Chapon, Mathias, additional, Chaumette, Céline, additional, Amaudruz, Juliette, additional, Ganem, Victoria, additional, Sancho, Serge, additional, Girmens, Aurore, additional, Wojciechowski, Robert, additional, Khan, Shazia, additional, Emmert, David G., additional, Cain, Dennis, additional, Herring, Mark, additional, Bassinger, Jennifer, additional, Liberto, Lisa, additional, West, Sheila, additional, Ervin, Ann-Margret, additional, Munoz, Beatriz, additional, Kong, Xiangrong, additional, Dreger, Kurt, additional, Jones, Jennifer, additional, Sadda, Srinivas, additional, Jha, Anamika, additional, Ho, Alex, additional, Kramer, Brendan, additional, Lam, Ngoc, additional, Tawdros, Rita, additional, Zhou, Yong Dong, additional, Carmona, Johana, additional, Uji, Akihito, additional, Hariri, Amirhossein, additional, Lock, Amy, additional, Elshafei, Anthony, additional, Ganegoda, Anushika, additional, Petrossian, Christine, additional, Jenkins, Dennis, additional, Strnad, Edward, additional, Baghdasaryan, Elmira, additional, Ito, Eric, additional, Samson, Feliz, additional, Blanquel, Gloria, additional, Akil, Handan, additional, Melendez, Jhanisus, additional, Lei, Jianqin, additional, Huang, Jianyan, additional, Chau, Jonathan, additional, Falavarjani, Khalil G., additional, Espino, Kristina, additional, Li, Manfred, additional, Mendoza, Maria, additional, Nittala, Muneeswar Gupta, additional, Roded, Netali, additional, Saleh, Nizar, additional, Huang, Ping, additional, Pitetta, Sean, additional, Balasubramanian, Siva, additional, Leahy, Sophie, additional, Srinivas, Sowmya J., additional, Velaga, Swetha B., additional, Margaryan, Teresa, additional, Tepelus, Tudor, additional, Brown, Tyler, additional, Fan, Wenying, additional, Murillo, Yamileth, additional, Shi, Yue, additional, Aguilar, Katherine, additional, Chan, Cynthia, additional, Santos, Lisa, additional, Seo, Brian, additional, Sison, Christopher, additional, Perez, Silvia, additional, Chao, Stephanie, additional, Miyasato, Kelly, additional, Higgins, Julia, additional, Luna, Zoila, additional, Menchaca, Anita, additional, Gonzalez, Norma, additional, Robledo, Vicky, additional, Carig, Karen, additional, Baker, Kirstie, additional, Ellenbogen, David, additional, Bluemel, Daniel, additional, Sanford, Theo, additional, Linares, Daisy, additional, Tran, Mei, additional, Nava, Lorane, additional, Oberoi, Michelle, additional, Romero, Mark, additional, Chiguil, Vivian, additional, Bynum-Bain, Grantley, additional, Kim, Monica, additional, Mendiguren, Carolina, additional, Huang, Xiwen, additional, Smith, Monika, additional, and Sarreal, Natalie, additional more...

Published
2020
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