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This paper examines the association between social networks and contraceptive use. Using data from a survey of women belonging to voluntary associations in Yaounde, Cameroon, we find that the behavior and characteristics of the members of a respondent's personal networks are associated with her contraceptive use, over and above a set of her own individual characteristics that are usually found to be important. Respondents who report that their network partners approve of contraception, use it, and encourage the respondent to use are more likely to use contraception themselves; the association with encouragement is particularly strong. Moreover, there is a strong association between the specific methods of contraception used by a respondent and those used by her network partners, suggesting that members of personal networks exchange and evaluate specific methods. Because most of the respondent's network partners were interviewed, we are able to compare the respondent's perceptions of contraceptive use by her network partners with the network partner's actual use. We find that it is perceptions of use that matter, even if those perception are incorrect. Key words - social networks, diffusion of innovations, family planning, women's groups, contraceptive use, Cameroon

The article examines discrimination on grounds of caste or race facing African American people in the U.S. and its comparison to the condition of the untouchables in India, and discusses legal measures introduced in the countries, such as India's 1950 Constitution and the U.S. 1964 Civil Rights Act.

This volume is a selection of papers presented at a seminar organized by the Committee on Anthropological Demography of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population. Its title [...]

Techniques for testing babies' hearing status were evaluated by surveying 1,404 children enrolled in SKI*HI, an early intervention program for hard-of-hearing children. Results showed that 80% of hard-of-hearing children were identified informally by parental suspicion and subsequent visits to specialists. Auditory brain stem response screening identified hard-of-hearing babies at the earliest age, one year, as opposed to an average identification age of 19 months. The correlation between early intervention and language development was confirmed.

This essay provides the first quantitative and comparative estimates based on a nationally representative sample of the extent and duration of family separation associated with immigration to the U.S. at the turn of the century. It uses information from the Public Use Sample of the 1910 U.S. Census to examine the separation of husbands and wives, and parents and children, and compares the largest ethnic groups (British, Irish, Scandinavians, Germans, Poles, Italians, and Jews). Of those couples who were living together at the time of the 1910 census and who had married before immigration, more than half immigrated in the same year. Children were often separated from their fathers but rather rarely from their mothers. Most separations of any kind were brief, usually lasting less than two years. Some of our estimates are in line with the findings of others, while in other cases they raise questions about ethnic myths and ethnic stereotypes.

Background: As the largest and unhealthiest population in American history enrolls as Medicare beneficiaries, it is vital for primary care providers to understand how to maximize Medicare wellness provisions. The Baby Boomer population has been documented to have the highest chronic disease prevalence related to preventable lifestyle behaviors. Perpetual unhealthy lifestyle behaviors associated with chronic disease prevalence are detrimental to life quality and the American Medicare resource structure. Since 2011, the Affordable Care Act provisions have included free wellness visits designed to prevent disease for Medicare beneficiaries, who continue to grossly underuse these services. Objectives: This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the quality, level, and strength of evidence regarding Medicare wellness service efficacy on related health outcomes. Data sources: The methodology adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for selection of 21 research-based articles included in the analysis. Results from the 21 eligible studies revealed low research quality and vigor; therefore, lacking causality and generalizability of medicare wellness visit (MWV) efficacy on health promotion outcomes. Conclusions: The evidence is focused on how MWVs are affecting preventive care utilization instead of patient health outcomes. In the interest of reducing chronic disease prevalence and the economic burden on our health care system, it is important to understand how these services affect health promotion outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on cultural gerontology and literary scholarship to call for greater academic consideration of age and ageing in our imaginations of the future. Our work adds to the development of Critical Future Studies (CFS) previously published in this journal, by arguing that prevailing ageism is fuelled by specific constructions of older populations as a future demographic threat and of ageing as a future undesirable state requiring management and control. This paper has two parts: the first considers the importance of the future to contemporary ageist stereotypes. The second seeks potential counter representations in speculative fiction. We argue that an age-aware CFS can allow us not only to imagine new futures but also to reflect critically on the shape and consequences of contemporary modes of relations of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on paradigm adjustments in pandemic recovery programs in the U.S., and the European Union (EU). It describes the Next Generation EU programs, which promotes a greener and more digitalized recovery, and it emphasizes the European Commission's ability to leverage funds through borrowing. It mentions the passage of the American Rescue Plan and the American Jobs Plan as momentous and revolutionary achievements in the U.S.

An editorial is presented in which The article challenges the notion that the political fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic can be directly linked to the performance of populist leaders. It argues that empirical data on COVID-19 cases and deaths do not support a correlation between populism and handling of the crisis. The author suggests that understanding the impact of the pandemic requires considering historical, social, and economic factors, as well as the complex dynamics.

The article focuses on political condition of Great Britain including Great Britain exits the European Union (EU), the impact of Eurozone crisis on social inequalities and military and geopolitical sovereignty.

A longitudinal study measuring language, academic achievement, and social functioning was conducted of four groups of hearing-impaired children (N=23 per group). Those who had received home intervention were found to perform better in most areas than no-intervention children, with slight advantages found in those receiving earlier intervention and attending preschool. (Author/VW)

Project RITCH (Research In Total Communication in the Home) developed a model videotape program to teach total communication to families of young hearing-impaired children in their homes. Discussed are the process of designing the videotape prototype, field testing, characteristics of a model home program, and videotape distribution through local video stores. (Author/JDD)

The article reflects on foreign relation between the U.S. and China following U.S. threat to impose Tariff on Chinese imported goods and its instruction to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members to boycott China's 5G technology.

The implementation of social welfare programs, including family planning programs, is strongly conditioned by the needs, desires, and agendas of those who carry them out, known as 'street-level bureaucrats.' In [...]