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205. MORAL THEOLOGY II -- TOPIC SESSION.

Author

WARD, KATE

Subjects
*UNIVERSALISM (Theology), *LOVE of God, *CHRISTIAN ethics, *JUSTICE, *COUPLES, *SAME-sex relationships, *SAME-sex marriage
Published
2024

208. The prevalence of sarcopenia and relationships between muscle and bone in ageing West‐African Gambian men and women

Author

Zengin, Ayse, Jarjou, Landing M., Prentice, Ann, Cooper, Cyrus, Ebeling, Peter R., and Ward, Kate A.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Aging, Sarcopenia, lcsh:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Sensitivity and Specificity, Bone and Bones, lcsh:QM1-695, Absorptiometry, Photon, Jumping mechanography, Prevalence, Ethnicity, Humans, Muscle Strength, Muscle, Skeletal, Bone, Geriatric Assessment, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Original Articles, lcsh:Human anatomy, Middle Aged, Ageing, Body Composition, Muscle, Original Article, Female, Gambia, lcsh:RC925-935, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

Background: the rapidly rising ageing population in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) will lead to a concurrent increase in musculoskeletal diseases. Sarcopenia is a disease caused by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leading to adverse outcomes including frailty, falls, fractures and premature mortality. We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia, assessed the suitability of current diagnostic guidelines and explored muscle-bone relationships in ageing men and women from rural Gambia. Methods: 249 women and 239 men aged 40-75+ years were recruited. Body composition was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Comparisons of the Foundations for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and European Working Group On Sarcopenia (EWGSOP) definitions of sarcopenia to define prevalence and to identify poor physical capability were determined. Functional ability was assessed by jumping mechanography to calculate lower limb muscle force and power; grip strength was assessed by a hand dynamometer. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to assess muscle-bone relationships. Results: the prevalence of sarcopenia in Gambian men and women significantly varied depending on the definition used; in men 20%, 19% and in women 45%, 10% for FNIH and EWGSOP respectively. The FNIH appendicular lean mass cut-off had greatest sensitivity and specificity in identifying low functional ability in Gambian adults. Muscle force was positively associated with measures of tibial bone size, strength and mineral content. Conclusion: the variation in the prevalence of sarcopenia depends on the definition used and highlights the importance of measuring functional capability across ethnic populations.

Published
2018

209. In rural Gambia, do adolescents have increased nutritional vulnerability compared with adults?

Author

Schoenbuchner, Simon M., Moore, Sophie E., Johnson, William, Ngum, Mohammed, Sonko, Bakary, Prentice, Ann, Prentice, Andrew M., and Ward, Kate A.

Subjects
puberty, body composition, nutrition, Physiology, growth, Africa, Original Article, Public Health, Original Articles, anemia
Abstract

Adolescents may be particularly susceptible to malnutrition owing to the energy and nutrient costs of the pubertal growth spurt. Here, our aim is to compare differences in selected markers of nutritional status between adolescents and adults in rural Gambia. The Keneba Biobank collects cross‐sectional data and samples for all consenting individuals resident in the West Kiang region of the Gambia. For this study, participants between the ages of 10 and 40 years were selected (n = 4201, females 2447). Height, body mass index, body composition, hemoglobin concentration, fasting glucose concentration, and blood pressure were compared using linear regression models adjusting for age, parity, season of measurement, and residence, across three age groups: early adolescent (10–14.9 years), late adolescent (15–19.9 years), and adult (20–39.9 years). Adolescents, particularly early‐adolescent girls and boys, were shorter, lighter, and leaner than adults. By late adolescence, differences were smaller, particularly in girls where, notably, the prevalence of overweight, hypertension, and impaired fasting glucose was low. Given the importance of maternal health for reproductive outcomes and intergenerational health, the results of the study, albeit with limited biomarkers available, indicate that adolescent girls are no more compromised than adult women or males from the same population.

Published
2018

213. Opportunistic diagnosis of osteoporosis, fragile bone strength and vertebral fractures from routine CT scans; a review of approved technology systems and pathways to implementation

Author

Aggarwal, Veena, primary, Maslen, Christina, additional, Abel, Richard L., additional, Bhattacharya, Pinaki, additional, Bromiley, Paul A, additional, Clark, Emma M., additional, Compston, Juliet E., additional, Crabtree, Nicola, additional, Gregory, Jennifer S., additional, Kariki, Eleni P., additional, Harvey, Nicholas C., additional, Ward, Kate A., additional, and Poole, Kenneth E. S., additional

Published
2021
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214. Reply to JL Leroy et al

Author

Prentice, Andrew M, Jarjou, Landing M, Moore, Sophie E, Fulford, Anthony J, Ward, Kate, Goldberg, Gail R, and Prentice, Ann

Published
2013
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215. Comparisons of Immunoassay and Mass Spectrometry Measurements of Serum Estradiol Levels and Their Influence on Clinical Association Studies in Men

Author

Ohlsson, Claes, Nilsson, Maria E., Tivesten, Åsa, Ryberg, Henrik, Mellström, Dan, Karlsson, Magnus K., Ljunggren, Östen, Labrie, Fernand, Orwoll, Eric S., Lee, David M., Pye, Stephen R., OʼNeill, Terence W., Finn, Joseph D., Adams, Judith E., Ward, Kate A., Boonen, Steven, Bartfai, Gyorgy, Casanueva, Felipe F., Forti, Gianni, Giwercman, Aleksander, Han, Thang S., Huhtaniemi, Ilpo T., Kula, Krzysztof, Lean, Michael E. J., Pendleton, Neil, Punab, Margus, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Wu, Frederick C. W., and Vandenput, Liesbeth

Published
2013

216. Active Vitamin D (1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D) and Bone Health in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: The European Male Aging Study (EMAS)

Author

Vanderschueren, Dirk, Pye, Stephen R., OʼNeill, Terence W., Lee, David M., Jans, Ivo, Billen, Jaak, Gielen, Evelien, Laurent, Michaël, Claessens, Frank, Adams, Judith E., Ward, Kate A., Bartfai, Gyorgy, Casanueva, Felipe F., Finn, Joseph D., Forti, Gianni, Giwercman, Aleksander, Han, Thang S., Huhtaniemi, Ilpo T., Kula, Krzysztof, Lean, Michael E. J., Pendleton, Neil, Punab, Margus, Wu, Frederick C. W., and Boonen, Steven

Published
2013

219. Children born during the hunger season are at a higher risk of severe acute malnutrition: Findings from a Guinea Sahelian ecological zone in Northern Ghana.

Author

Nonterah, Engelbert A., Welaga, Paul, Chatio, Samuel T., Kehoe, Sarah H., Ofosu, Winfred, Ward, Kate A., Godfrey, Keith M., Oduro, Abraham R., and Newell, Marie‐Louise

Subjects
CHILDBIRTH, CONFIDENCE intervals, NUTRITIONAL assessment, FOOD security, HUNGER, FOOD supply, SEASONS, RISK assessment, LOW birth weight, MALNUTRITION, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, FACTOR analysis, RESEARCH funding, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, LOGISTIC regression analysis, ODDS ratio, DATA analysis software, ARM circumference, DISEASE risk factors, CHILDREN
Abstract

Heightened food insecurity in the hunger season increases the risk of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in childhood. This study examined the association of season of birth with SAM in a Guinean Sahelian ecological zone. We analyzed routine health and sociodemographic surveillance data from the Navrongo Health and Socio‐demographic Surveillance System collected between 2011 and 2018. January–June, the period of highest food insecurity, was defined as the hunger season. We defined moderate acute malnutrition as child mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) between 115 mm and 135 mm and SAM as MAUC ≤ 115 mm. We used adjusted logistic regression to quantify the association between the season of birth and SAM in children aged 6–35 months. From the 29,452 children studied, 24% had moderate acute malnutrition. Overall, 1.4% had SAM, with a higher prevalence (1.8%) in the hunger season of birth. Compared with those born October–December, adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for SAM were increased for children born in the hunger season: January–March (1.77 [1.31–2.39]) and April–June (1.92 [1.44–2.56]). Low birth weight, age at an assessment of nutritional status, and ethno‐linguistic group were also significantly associated with SAM in adjusted analyses. Our study established that being born in the hunger season is associated with a higher risk of severe acute malnutrition. The result implies improvement in the food supply to pregnant and lactating mothers through sustainable agriculture or food system change targeting the hunger season may reduce the burden of severe acute malnutrition. Key Points: Children born in the hunger season are at a higher risk of severe acute malnutrition in this Guinea‐Sahelian ecological zone.Children born with low birth weight were at a higher risk of severe acute malnutrition Being female and of the Nankam ethno‐linguistic group increased ones odds of severe acute malnutrition.Our observations imply sustainable food supply to pregnant and lactating mothers through improved agriculture or food system change targeting the hunger season may reduce the burden of severe acute malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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