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Introduction: Nutritional management plays a crucial role in treating patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), working to prevent and control the progression of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of individualized nutritional interventions on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR)} over 12 months and subsequently at follow-up (15 months). Methods: This longitudinal experimental study (without randomization and blinding) enrolled 84 sedentary participants with T2D (both sexes, aged 18–80 years). They were divided into a control group of 40 participants who received only medical consultations, and an intervention group of 44 participants who received the same medical care along with a nutritional assessment. Consultations occurred quarterly from August 2020 to November 2022 (first–twelfth month), with six to nine patients per session. Subsequently, a follow-up was conducted from December 2022 to November 2023, during which the intervention group had only medical care (during the 12th–15th months). Personalized dietary planning was inspired by the Mediterranean/DASH diets adapted to Brazilian foods and socioeconomic cultures. Statistical Analysis: Normal variables were compared between groups for each time point and also within each group across different time points using a two-way ANOVA (repeated measures for intragroup) followed by the Šídák post hoc test. Non-normal variables were compared between groups for each time point using Kruskal–Wallis followed by the Dunn post hoc test, and within each group across different time points using Friedman followed by the Dunn post hoc test. Data with a Gaussian distribution were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and data with a non-Gaussian distribution were presented as median ± interquartile range (IQR). For all cases, α < 0.05 and p < 0.05 were adopted. Results: In the intervention group, significant reductions were observed between the first and twelfth month for all parameters (p < 0.05), (except for TC), along with an increase in HDL-C (p = 0.0105). Conversely, in the control group, there was a significant increase in HbA1c, weight, BMI, FBG, and WHR (p < 0.05) between the first and twelfth months. Regarding the comparison between groups, there was a significant difference for all analyzed parameters (p < 0.05) from the first to the twelfth month. In the follow-up, differences were also observed (p < 0.05), except for BMI (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The individualized nutritional intervention improved eating habits, anthropometric, biochemical, and cardiovascular markers in T2D over 12 months, with sustained results during follow-up. The dietary plan inspired by the Mediterranean and DASH diets demonstrated good adaptation to the Brazilian food culture and the patients' socioeconomic contexts. Consistent monitoring and personalized nutritional management are essential for optimizing long-term outcomes. However, more clinical trials are necessary in order to optimize the level of evidence for longitudinal interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains the study of the weighted L p 1 × L p 2 × ... × L p m → L p estimates for the multilinear maximal operator, in the context of abstract probability spaces equipped with a tree-like structure. Using the Bellman function method, we identify the associated optimal constants in the symmetric case p 1 = p 2 = ... = p m , and a tight constant for remaining choices of exponents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study reported height prediction and longitudinal growth changes in Chinese pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during and after treatment and their associations with outcomes. Methods: Changes in 88 children with AML in percentages according to the growth percentile curve for Chinese boys/girls aged 2–18/0–2 years for body mass index (BMI), height, and weight from the time of diagnosis to 2 years off therapy were evaluated. The outcomes of AML were compared among patients with different BMI levels. Results: The proportion of underweight children (weight < 5th percentile) increased significantly from the initial diagnosis to the end of consolidation treatment. The proportion of patients with low BMI (BMI < 5th percentile) was highest (23.08%) during the consolidation phase, and no children were underweight, but 20% were overweight (BMI > 75th percentile) after 2 years of drug withdrawal. Unhealthy BMI at the initial diagnosis and during intensive chemotherapy leads to poorer outcomes. For height, all patients were in the range of genetic height predicted based on their parents' height at final follow-up. Conclusions: Physicians should pay more attention to the changes in height and weight of children with AML at these crucial treatment stages and intervene in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) predominantly affects reproductive-aged females with obesity. However, the prevalence and impact of a healthy weight body mass index (BMI) at disease presentation is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the visual and headache outcomes stratified by the presenting BMI. This was a longitudinal prospective cohort study (IIH Life) based on a tertiary neuro-ophthalmology IIH service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, United Kingdom, recruiting consecutive patients living with IIH between 2012 and 2021. Those with a presenting BMI were included. The outcome measures included visual outcomes of LogMAR visual acuity, Humphrey visual field perimetric mean deviation (PMD), optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements, and headache outcomes of frequency, severity, and Headache Impact Test-6 score. Three hundred seventy-five people with IIH and a documented baseline BMI. About 3.7% of the entire cohort had a healthy weight BMI at IIH presentation and 15.5% BMI < 30 kg/m2. The baseline PMD was worse in patients without obesity; however, OCT papilloedema measures were similar. The presence of obesity was associated with a small but significant greater worsening in visual acuity but slower macular ganglion cell layer loss. There was no impact on PMD or papilloedema prognosis related to baseline obesity. The headache outcomes showed heterogeneity, with worse baseline headache frequency in patients with obesity. No BMI group was associated with worse headache outcomes. Patients with a healthy weight BMI or those without obesity at baseline make up a small proportion of IIH patients. BMI at presentation does not appear to influence long-term visual or headache outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the monthly dynamic changes of yield and nutrient components of temperate desert-steppe type rangeland and temperate steppe-desert type rangeland on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, and the effects of grazing on the weight changes of multiple Suffolk ewes and weaned lambs under the conditions of two grassland types. Suffolk postpartum ewes with a similar weight of two years old and 120 lambs after weaning were randomly divided into two groups. Each group had three repetitions, and each repetition had 20 sheep. Group A lambs and Group C ewes were grazed in temperate desert-steppe type rangeland experimental area (type I grass group, namely Festucasulcata, feather grass and Seriphidium kaschgaricum), while Group B lambs and Group D ewes were grazed in temperate steppe-desert type rangeland experimental area (type II grass group, namely Seriphidium borotalense Ling et Y. R. Ling, Kochia prostrata and Carex turkestanica). The trial period was 120 days. The results showed that in June and September, the fresh grass yield of type I grass group was significantly higher than that of type II grass group (P<0.05). In September, the hay yield of type I grass group was significantly higher than that of type II grass group (P<0.05). In June, the dry-fresh ratio of type I grass group was significantly lower than that of type II grass group (P<0.05). In June and September, the crude ash content of type I grass group was significantly lower than that of type II grass group ( P<0.05). In July, the crude protein content of type I grass group was significantly higher than that of type II grass group (P<0.05), and in September, the crude protein content of type I grass group was significantly lower than that of type II grass group (P<0.05). The content of nitrogen-free extracts of type I grass group in June was significantly higher than that in September (P<0.05). In June, July and September, the phosphorus content of type II grass group was significantly higher than that of type I grass group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in total weight gain, average daily weight gain, and relative weight gain between the two grazing grassland types (P>0.05). The weaned lamb weight increased continuously, and the litter size, litter weight, and weaned weight of ewes in the following year had no significant difference (P>0.05). The results showed that with the increase of temperature and the decrease of precipitation, the forage yield of the two grazing grassland types decreased first and then increased, and the forage nutrition level decreased. The grazing adaptability and stress resistance of multiple Suffolk sheep were better under extreme environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making is a hot research topic in which weight information is one of the conditions for forming a complete decision-making model, and it is also an important factor affecting the decision result. In most fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making problems, the weight information is often given in the form of real numbers. However, in real life, the weight information may not be suitable for specific numerical representation, or we cannot accurately determine the weight information. Therefore, it is very important to use fuzzy numbers to represent weight information. In this paper, we study the problem of disturbing fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making in which the attribute weight, decision-maker weight, and attribute information are given in the form of disturbing fuzzy numbers. Firstly, a new disturbing fuzzy integration operator, namely the disturbing fuzzy ring and multiplication aggregation (DFRMA) operator, is proposed, and its characteristics of closure, monotonicity, and boundary are studied. Then, the general steps of the disturbing fuzzy multi-attribute decision method based on the disturbing fuzzy ring and multiplication aggregation (DFRMA) operator are given, which include the single decision step and group decision step. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the practicability and effectiveness of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesParticipants and methodsResultsConclusionsResearch increasingly focuses on the mental health implications of both actual and perceived weight, particularly among post-secondary students. Considering their unique socio-cultural context and the frequent oversight in research, this study examines these implications specifically among Canadian Indigenous post-secondary students. Recent evidence indicates that students with normal weight may also experience increased mental health risks due to negative weight perceptions. Therefore, this study explores the independent and combined effects of actual and perceived weight on the mental health of this group.This study utilized data from the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, a nationally representative sample of First Nations peoples living off-reserve, Métis, and Inuit. The focus was on Canadian Indigenous post-secondary students aged 19-34 years (n = 1,518). Logistic regression models, stratified by sex, were employed to analyze the data.Perceptions of being overweight were linked to a higher risk of mood and anxiety disorders, poor self-rated mental health, and suicidal ideation among female students. This pattern was less evident among male students. Notably, female students who were overweight and perceived themselves as such were more likely to report poor mental health across all four indicators examined. In contrast, male students exhibited a less clear pattern. Diverging from recent studies, the findings indicated less robust mental health disparities among students with normal weight who perceived themselves as overweight, potentially due to the insufficient cell size of this category among Indigenous post-secondary students.The study highlights the complex interplay between actual and perceived weight and its impact on mental health, particularly among female Indigenous post-secondary students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dulaglutide, a subcutaneously administered glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist, has been hypothesized to lead to weight loss in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the consequences of its prescription on body weight (BW) and other anthropometric indices, for example, body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC), have not been completely clarified. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of subcutaneous dulaglutide administration on BW, BMI and WC values in T2DM subjects by means of a systematic review and meta‐analysis of RCTs. Methods: We computed a literature search in five databases (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus and Google Scholar) from their inception to February 2023 to identify RCTs that examined the influence of subcutaneous dulaglutide on obesity indices. We calculated effect sizes using the random‐effects model (using DerSimonian‐Laird method). Results were derived across weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analyses were applied to explore possible sources of heterogeneity among the RCTs. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted in compliance with The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: In total, 18 studies with 33 RCT arms (BW = 33 RCT arms, 14,612 participants, 7869 cases and 6743 controls; BMI = 10 RCT arms, 14,612 subjects, 7869 cases and 6743 controls; WC = 10 RCT arms, 1632 participants, 945 cases and 687 cases) were included in the meta‐analysis. BW (WMD: −0.86 kg, 95% CI: −1.22, −0.49, p < 0.001), BMI (WMD: −0.68 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.88, −0.49, p < 0.001) and WC (WMD: −1.23 cm, 95% CI: −1.82, −0.63, p < 0.001) values decreased notably following subcutaneous dulaglutide administration versus placebo. BW notably decreased in RCTs lasting >18 weeks (WMD: −1.42 kg, 95% CI: −1.90, −0.94, p < 0.001), whereas notable reductions in WC were seen in RCTs lasting ≤18 weeks (WMD: −1.78 cm, 95% CI: −2.59, −0.98, p < 0.001). Dulaglutide dosages >1 mg/day significantly decreased BW (WMD: −1.94 kg, 95% CI: −2.54, −1.34, p < 0.001), BMI (WMD: −0.80 kg/m2, 95% CI: −1.07, −0.54, p < 0.001) and WC (WMD: −1.47 cm, 95% CI: −1.80, −1.13, p < 0.001). BW decreased particularly following dulaglutide prescription in individuals with obesity (WMD: −1.05 kg, 95% CI: −1.28, −0.82, p < 0.001) versus overweight. The dose–response meta‐analysis revealed that BW decreased significantly when dulaglutide was prescribed in doses ≤3 mg/day versus >3 mg/day. Conclusions: Subcutaneous dulaglutide administration in T2DM reduces BW, BMI and WC. The decrease in BW and WC was influenced by the dose and the duration of dulaglutide administration. The reduction in BMI was only influenced by the dosage of dulaglutide. Moreover, T2DM patients who suffered from obesity experienced a notable decrease in BW versus T2DM subjects without obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Both low and high body mass index (BMI) are associated with poor heart failure outcomes. Whether BMI modifies benefits of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) requires further investigation. Methods and results: Using EMPEROR‐Preserved data, the effects of empagliflozin versus placebo on the risks for the primary outcome (hospitalization for heart failure [HHF] or cardiovascular [CV] death), change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slopes, change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ‐CSS), and secondary outcomes across baseline BMI categories (<25 kg/m2, 25 to <30 kg/m2, 30 to <35 kg/m2, 35 to <40 kg/m2 and ≥40 kg/m2) were examined, and a meta‐analysis conducted with DELIVER. Forty‐five percent had a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2. For the primary outcome, there was a consistent treatment effect of empagliflozin versus placebo across the BMI categories with no formal interaction (p trend = 0.19) by BMI categories. There was also no difference in the effects on secondary outcomes including total HHF (p trend = 0.19), CV death (p trend = 0.20), or eGFR slope with slower declines with empagliflozin regardless of BMI (range 1.12–1.71 ml/min/1.73 m2 relative to placebo, p trend = 0.85 for interaction), though there was no overall impact on the composite renal endpoint. The difference in weight change between empagliflozin and placebo was −0.59, −1.48, −1.54, −0.87, and − 2.67 kg in the lowest to highest BMI categories (p trend = 0.016 for interaction). A meta‐analysis of data from EMPEROR‐Preserved and DELIVER showed a consistent effect of SGLT2i versus placebo across BMI categories for the outcome of HHF or CV death. There was a trend toward greater absolute KCCQ‐CSS benefit at 32 weeks with empagliflozin at higher BMIs (p = 0.08). Conclusions: Empagliflozin treatment resulted in broadly consistent cardiac effects across the range of BMI in patients with HFpEF. SGLT2i treatment yields benefit in patients with HFpEF regardless of baseline BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The van Kampen–Flores theorem states that the n-skeleton of a (2 n + 2) -simplex does not embed into R 2 n . We give two proofs for its generalization to a continuous map from a skeleton of a certain regular CW complex (e.g. a simplicial sphere) into a Euclidean space. We will also generalize Frick and Harrison's result on the chirality of embeddings of the n-skeleton of a (2 n + 2) -simplex into R 2 n + 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to establish an accurate and comprehensive sensory evaluation method for heated cigarette products, 10 representative products were selected for sensory evaluation. Based on taste, sensory descriptors were proposed and screened, and then each index and weight were calculated by Analytic Hierarchy Process. The results indicated that 10 descriptors including smoke amount, flavor, burning sensation, aftertaste, harmony, impurity, strength, concentration, puff-by-puff releasing homogeneity, and irritancy were obtained through evaluation and screening, which could be used for sensory evaluation of heated cigarette products. After the combination and selection of these descriptors based on traditional cigarette inducators, it was finally determined that flavor, motion state of aerosol, strength, irritancy, aftertaste, and puff-by-puff releasing homogeneity were the top 6 indexes affecting the sensory evaluation of heated tobacco products, with weights of 25%, 30%, 10%, 10%, 15%, and 10%, respectively. The establishment of the sensory evaluation indexes and weights of the heated cigarette is helpful to rationally, comprehensively, and intuitively evaluate the sensory quality of each heated cigarette product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blended mHealth interventions (mHealth interventions including a facilitator) promote user engagement and increase effectiveness of health behavior change interventions. Little is known about how blended mHealth interventions are used outside the research context. Methods: In the present work, we characterized patterns of app use among users of a blended mHealth intervention in real-world conditions. Program users were Veterans Health Administration (VHA) primary care patients (n = 56) who received an invite code for a blended mHealth intervention between 2019 and 2021. Cluster analysis was used to examine user engagement with health coach visits and program features. Results: Of patients who received an invite code, 34% initiated the program. Most users were men (63%) and white (57%). The mean number of health conditions was 5 (68% with obesity). The mean age was 55. Cluster analysis suggested that most users did sustain engagement at either moderate (57%) or very high levels (13%). The remaining 30% of users were low engaged users. Users completing any health coach visit (about half) reported more overall engagement than their counterparts who did not. Weight was the most frequently tracked metric. Of users entering weights in the first and last month of the program (n = 18), the mean percent body weight change was 4.0% (SD = 3.6). Conclusions: A blended mHealth intervention may be a scalable option to extend the reach of health behavior change interventions for those that use it. However, a significant portion of users do not initiate these interventions, choose not to use the health coach feature, or engage at lower levels. Future research should examine the role of health coaching visits in promoting sustained engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study focused on understanding spinal health in small-breed dogs, particularly regarding thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease, a common spinal injury in dogs. Using MRI, we aimed to establish a baseline for spinal cord and canal measurements across seven intervertebral disc levels (T11–L5). Our hypothesis was that these measurements might vary based on the dog's body weight and age. The findings revealed that as the body weight increased, the width and height of the spinal cord and canal also increased at all levels. Interestingly, the cord-to-canal ratio of the width showed a negative correlation with the body weight, while the ratio of the height did not. However, there were no significant correlations between these measurements and the age groups. These results provide valuable morphometric reference points for understanding and researching spinal diseases in small-breed dogs, offering insights that could benefit both veterinary care and clinical research. Thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is the most common cause of spinal injury in dogs. MRI has been considered the gold standard for neurologic diagnosis, but studies focusing on the thoracolumbar spinal canal and spinal cord using MRI in small-breed dogs are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to establish an MRI reference range for the spinal cord and canal measurements (height, width, cord-to-canal ratio of height, width, cross-sectional area (CSA)) of each intervertebral disc level from T11 to L5 (total of seven levels) on transverse T2-weighted images in normal small-breed dogs. We hypothesized that the spinal cord and spinal canal measurements might vary according to the body weight and age. The width and height of the spinal cord and canal increased as the body weight increased at all levels (p < 0.05). The cord-to-canal ratio of the width showed a negative correlation to the body weight at all levels. The cord-to-canal ratio of the height did not show any correlation to the body weight at all levels. All measurements (height, width, cord-to-canal ratio of height, width, CSA) did not show any statistical correlation between the groups subdivided by age. These measurements could serve as a morphometric baseline for thoracolumbar spinal diseases and clinical research in small-breed dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Aims: Enteral feeding via gastrostomy is a key intervention to prevent significant weight loss in Motor Neuron Disease (MND). The aim of this study was to explore demographic, clinical, and nutritional factors associated with survival time in MND patients with gastrostomy. Methods: The retrospective study analyzed 94 MND patients (n = 58 bulbar‐onset and n = 36 limb‐onset) who underwent gastrostomy between 2015 and 2021. The primary outcome was the survival time from gastrostomy insertion to death. Independent variables of interest explored were: age at gastrostomy insertion, disease onset type, known genetic cause, use of riluzole, non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) use, forced vital capacity prior to gastrostomy, weight loss from diagnosis to gastrostomy insertion, and body mass index (BMI) at the time of gastrostomy insertion. Results: The median survival time from gastrostomy to death was 357 days (± 29.3, 95%CI: 299.5, 414.5). Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test revealed patients with lower body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 at the time of gastrostomy insertion (p =.023) had shorter survival. Cox proportional hazards model with multivariable adjustment revealed that older age (p =.008), and greater weight loss from diagnosis to gastrostomy (p =.003) were associated with shorter survival time post gastrostomy. Limb onset (p =.023), NIV use not being required (p =.008) and daily NIV use when required and tolerated (p =.033) were associated with longer survival. Discussion: Preventing or minimizing weight loss from MND diagnosis and encouraging NIV use when clinically indicated are modifiable factors that may prolong the survival of MND patients with gastrostomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a discrete version of weighted Morrey spaces, and discuss the inclusion relations of these spaces. In addition, we obtain the boundedness of discrete weighted Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators on discrete weighted Lebesgue spaces by establishing a discrete Calderón-Zygmund decomposition for weighted l 1 -sequences. Furthermore, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the discrete Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators on discrete weighted Morrey spaces are discussed. Particularly, the necessary and sufficient conditions are also discussed for the discrete power weights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studied the fatty acid profiles of jojoba oil and treated jojoba oil by using gas chromatography, its effect as a growth promoter on body weight, protein profile, and some biochemical parameters in Turkey. 15 healthy unvaccinated white male turkeys were divided into three groups, group 1 (control), group 2, and group 3 were continuously given treated jojoba oil in a concentration of 2.5% and 5% of the ration weight, respectively, for 90 consecutive days. The GC analysis showed that JO and TJO consist of 22 and 27 fatty acids, respectively. Also, our results illustrated a significant increase in body weight gain with a better feed conversion ratio, a significant increase in total protein and globulin levels, an elevation in superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione levels, and a significant reduction in the amount of the consumed ration in groups 2, and 3 in comparison with group 1. No significant differences were observed between groups in AST, ALT, urea, or creatinine levels. In conclusion, TJO in a concentration of 2.5 and 5% provides a significant effect on body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, serum antioxidant capacity, and enhancing immunity but we recommend the usage of TJO in a concentration of 2.5% from an economic point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1) elicit substantial reductions in glycemia and body weight in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, but existing data suggest the therapy must be continued indefinitely to maintain clinical improvements. Given the high cost and poor real-world persistence of GLP-1, an effective therapy that enables deprescription with sustained clinical improvements would be beneficial. Thus, the purpose of this real-world study was to assess the effect of GLP-1 deprescription on glycemia and body weight following co-therapy with carbohydrate restricted nutrition therapy (CRNT) supported via telemedicine in a continuous remote care model. Methods: A retrospective, propensity score matched cohort study among patients with T2D at a telemedicine clinic was conducted. Patients in whom GLP-1 were deprescribed (DeRx; n = 154) were matched 1:1 with patients in whom GLP-1 were continued (Rx). HbA1c and body weight at enrollment in clinic (pre-CRNT), at date of deprescription or index date (derx/ID), and at 6 and 12 months (m) post-derx/ID were utilized in this study. Results: No regression in weight was observed following deprescription with > 70% maintaining ≥ 5% weight loss 12 m post-derx/ID. HbA1c rose 6 m and 12 m post-derx/ID in both DeRx and Rx cohorts, but most patients maintained HbA1c < 6.5%. HbA1c and body weight measured 6 m and 12 m following derx/ID did not significantly differ between cohorts and were improved at derx/ID and at follow-up intervals compared to pre-CRNT. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the potential for an alternate therapy, such as CRNT supported via telemedicine, to enable maintenance of weight loss and glycemia below therapeutic targets following discontinuation of GLP-1 therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine whether higher weight status is associated with increased eating disorder risk in athletes. Study 1 used cross-sectional (N = 942) and longitudinal (N = 483) data collected over a five-year period from Division I athletes at a Midwestern university. Study 2 used cross-sectional data from athletes competing at various levels at universities across the United States (N = 825). Weight and height were measured in Study 1 and self-reported in Study 2; higher weight was defined as body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. Eating disorder risk was assessed with preliminary (Study 1) and final (Study 2) versions of the Eating Disorders Screen for Athletes. Study 1 examined weight status in relation to both concurrent and one-year changes in Eating Disorder Screen for Athletes score. Study 2 examined weight status in relation to both the Eating Disorders Screen for Athletes score and elevated eating disorder risk using the established Eating Disorders Screen for Athletes cut-off. All models adjusted for gender and sport type; Study 2 additionally adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, and competition level. Across studies, higher weight status was significantly associated with increased eating disorder risk among athletes. This association was observed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and the prevelence of elevated eating disorder risk was 43 % greater among athletes with higher weight status than among those without higher weight status. Despite existing stereotypes that eating disorders tend to occur with low weight status, findings highlight the importance of screening all athletes for eating disorders, regardless of their weight status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assessed the effectiveness and safety of switching to generic dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) among People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PWH) in Western India. In this single-center, retrospective observational study, PWH, who switched to DTG/3TC, were followed for virologic, immunologic, and clinical effectiveness, and safety, including weight changes, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Multivariate linear mixed-effects models were used to predict average change in weight adjusted for age, sex, duration of previous antiretroviral (ARV) regimens, and baseline weight. From May 2017 to July 2022, out of 434 PWH switched to DTG/3TC, 304 with at least 1 follow-up visit were included. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age was 54 (IQR 49–61) years and 70.1% were male. Prevalence of baseline comorbidities was 57.9% (hypertension—41.5%, chronic kidney disease—40.9%, and diabetes mellitus—18.8%). Reasons for switch were affordability (47.4%), desire for simplification (41.8%), ARV toxicities (19.1%), and concern about potential toxicities (10.2%). Median (IQR) duration of follow-up on DTG/3TC was 40 (IQR 31–49) weeks. No virologic failure was observed. Rates of virologic suppression [viral load (VL) ≤20 copies/mL or target not detected (TND)] at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 weeks were 95.2%, 95.9%, 90%, 100%, 81.3%, and 88.4%, respectively. Only 9 (3%) PWH permanently discontinued DTG/3TC. Predicted adjusted mean weight gain of +3.3 kg was observed at 96 weeks. Switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine or lamivudine (XTC)/non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and duration on DTG/3TC were significantly associated with weight gain. Apart from trend in worsening hyperglycemia (nine PWH with new onset diabetes), no clinically significant change in lipids and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was documented. Switching to DTG/3TC is an effective and safe option among virologically suppressed PWH with high comorbidity burden in India. In view of the several advantages of DTG/3TC, it may be considered for potential scale-up in the right population, both in private and public health care settings in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive research in social perception and biological motion has converged on the finding that humans are particularly accurate in identifying gender from the gait of minimal visual conspecific stimuli (e.g., point-light walkers). Despite the preponderance of evidence in favor of this ability, we return to the original paradigm and vary a single parameter—weight. Across nine pre-registered studies, participants (N = 3,196) were assigned to view the gait of point-light walkers based on actual human motion patterns. We find a decline in the accuracy of identifying the gender of female point-light walkers as their weight increases. However, as the weight of female walkers decreases, gender identification accuracy is recovered. These findings carry implications for the gendered nature of weight bias and the role of weight in human perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Height and weight measuring devices simultaneously provide ideal weight information that will be handy for users. This study aims to provide an instrument that can be used as a measuring instrument for height and weight and whether or not a person's body is ideal. Therefore, in research, measuring instruments that can simultaneously measure height and weight and provide ideal information or not measured weight. This measuring instrument uses Arduino Uno as its brain, ultrasonic sensors to measure height, and strain gauge/load cell sensors to measure weight. Arduino processes data from both sensors to get the ideal body weight (BBI). The height, weight, and ideal body criteria values will be displayed on the LCD. Furthermore, the speaker will issue sound information regarding the condition of body weight, namely ideal, fat, or thin. Based on the testing and data analysis results, the average error percentage value in height measurement is 0.45%, and in weight measurement is 1.65%. At the same time, the success rate of the appearance of voice information is 99%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A ten-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the performance of rabbits fed diets containing graded levels of sprouted Moringa seed meal (SMSM). Twenty-four male growing rabbits of mixed breeds were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments. Each treatment group was further subdivided into three (3) replicates of two (2) rabbits each in a completely randomized design (CRD). Four diets were formulated to include SMSM at varying inclusion levels of 0, 5, 10, and 15% for treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively, which were pelletized. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Data were collected on the growth performance of rabbits fed the experimental diets. Results revealed that the average daily feed intake (71.57 ± 3.73 - 85.07 ± 3.83 g) decreased across the dietary treatments as the SMSM inclusion levels increased but a rise was noticed at the highest inclusion level of SMSM (T4). The weight gains and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly influenced (p>0.05) by the dietary treatments. It can be concluded that SMSM can be supplemented in growing rabbit's diet without any deleterious effects on the performance. The utilization of SMSM can be used up to 15% on diets and increased income from diets of weaner rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The outcome of weight loss surgery is related to several factors, and for super-obese patients, the rate of weight loss failure and weight recovery after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is high. Relevant studies have shown that the weight loss effect also correlates with total small bowel length (TSBL) and biliopancreatic (BP) and Roux limbs. However, there are few studies on the relationship between TSBL and anthropometric parameters, the BP limb, the Roux limb, and weight loss effect, and no relevant reports have been reported in China. Objectives: The objective was to study the relationship between the total length of the small intestine and anthropometric parameters in the Chinese population. The effect of the Roux limb/biliopancreatic limb (RL/BPL) ratio on weight loss and diabetes remission in RYGB patients 1 year after surgery was evaluated to find the appropriate ratio relationship. Methods: In this prospective study, 148 patients between the ages of 19 and 68 years who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass were enrolled. Height, weight, BMI, the BP limb, the Roux limb, fasting blood glucose (FBG), etc., were noted. To explore the correlation between the total length of the small intestine and these values. Subsequently, the 148 patients were followed up for 1 year after surgery. The patients diagnosed with T2DM before surgery were screened out, and 56 patients were finally identified according to the postoperative follow-up, in which BPL = 50 cm and RL = 150 cm, 175 cm, and 200 cm, respectively. RL/BPL was divided into 3, 3.5, and 4 groups according to the proportional relationship to explore the relationship between RL/BPL and diabetes remission and weight loss. Results: (1) The study included 148 patients (61 women and 87 men). The mean age was 35.68 ± 10.46 years, weight = 127.46 ± 34.51 kg, height = 167.83 ± 9.16 cm, BMI = 44.94 ± 10.58 kg/m2. The average TSBL value was 714.41 ± 101.08 cm. Linear regression analysis showed that TSBL was positively correlated with height, weight, neck circumference, chest circumference, waist circumference, and Roux limb. (2) Fifty-six patients with T2DM who were followed up 1 year after surgery were divided into three groups. Group 1: BPL = 50 cm, RL = 150 cm (n = 20); group 2: BPL = 50 cm, RL = 175 cm (n = 26); group 3: BPL = 50 cm, RL = 200 cm (n = 10); RL/BPL = 3 was associated with higher weight loss than the other groups. The remission rate of diabetes did not differ between the three groups. Conclusions: TSBL was positively correlated with height, weight, neck circumference, chest circumference, waist circumference, and Roux limb. The TSBL of males was significantly higher than that of females. Among patients with T2DM who participated in the follow-up 1 year after surgery, RL/BPL = 3 (n = 20) had greater weight loss than the other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the process of software development, a significant challenge revolves around accurately estimating the associated costs. The primary goal of project managers is to ensure the delivery of a highly trustworthiness product that aligns with the designated budgetary constraints. Nonetheless, the trustworthiness of software hinges upon a range of distinct attributes. When implementing a budget allocation scheme to enhance these attributes, conflicts among them may arise. Thus, it becomes imperative to select an appropriate allocation scheme that effectively mitigates conflict-associated costs. In this paper, we will define the conflict costs and establish costs estimation models. The difficulty coefficient constraint for improving attributes is established. Subsequently, we will analyze the relative importance weights of these attributes. Drawing upon the conflict costs, importance weights, and difficulty coefficient constraint, we present an algorithm to determine an appropriate budget allocation scheme, which can minimize conflict-associated costs. Finally, we provide an illustrative example that demonstrates the practicability of our proposed algorithm. This research offers valuable insights to software managers, aiding them in the reasonable allocation of budgetary resources, thereby maximizing overall benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Roca: Revista Científico-Educacional de la Provincia de Granma is the property of Universidad de Granma, Departamento Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Asian Indian Beta Cell function (ABCs) in Infants Study examined the associations of maternal weight on infant pancreatic beta cell function across 7 months postpartum. Pregnant women aged 18–35 years were recruited in Hyderabad, India. Women were classified by first trimester weight as underweight (UW), BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; normal weight (NW), BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m2; or overweight (OW), BMI 23.0 through <28.5 kg/m2. At age > 7 months, infants had an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 1.75 g glucose/kg bodyweight) following a 3 h fast. Infant blood samples were assayed for C-peptide and glucose. Infant beta cell function (HOMA2-B; disposition index, DI) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were compared across maternal weight groups. Mothers (UW n = 63; NW n = 43; OW n = 29) had similar age at delivery and second trimester 50 g glucose challenge test results. Cord HOMA2-B values were 51% greater for IUW (83.5, SD 55.2) and 44% greater for IOW (79.9, SD 60.8) vs. INW (55.4, SD 51.5), forming a U-shaped relationship between maternal weight and HOMA2-B. No qualitative differences in HOMA2-IR were found at birth. However, at 7 months postpartum, HOMA2-IR changed most within IUW (−64% median reduction) and changed the least in IOW (−7% median reduction). At seven months postpartum, DI was higher in IUW vs. the other groups (geometric mean IUW 1.9 SD 2.5; INW 1.3 SD 2.6 or vs. IOW mean 1.2 SD 3.7), reflecting a +49% difference in DI. Evidence from this study illustrates adaptations in the pancreatic functional response of infants associated with the maternal nutritional environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to examine the treatment of obesity as an epidemic in the Spanish press during two different time periods. The first period is from 2000 to 2005 when obesity was declared an epidemic by the World Health Organization, the second period of study is from 2015 to 2020. For this study, a content analysis was made from a framing perspective. In the selected sample it was observed that the predominant frame in the two time periods changed. The frame of attribution of responsibility was the most used in the first period and the frame of conflict in the second. Variations in the use of frames were also observed depending on the newspaper, the year of publication, the subject matter and the subjects involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single Event Upsets (SEUs) are most likely to cause bit flips within the trained parameters of a convolutional neural network (CNN). Therefore, it is crucial to analyze and implement hardening techniques to enhance their reliability under radiation. In this paper, random fault injections into the weights of LeNet-5 were carried out in order to evaluate and propose strategies to improve the reliability of a CNN. According to the results of an SEU fault injection, the accuracy of the CNN can be classified into the following three categories: benign conditions, poor conditions, and critical conditions. Two efficient methods for mitigating weight-related SEUs are proposed, as follows: weight limiting and Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) for the critical bit of the critical layer. The hardening results show that when the number of SEU faults is small, the weight limiting almost completely eliminates the critical and poor conditions of LeNet-5's accuracy. Additionally, even when the number of SEU faults is large enough, combining the weight limiting and TMR methods for the critical bit of the critical layer can retain the occurrence rate of benign conditions at 98%, saving 99.3% of the hardware resources compared to the Full-TMR hardening method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant disruptions in the lifestyle behaviors of adolescents; however, there is a paucity of data on objective changes in health indicators of adolescents such as blood pressure, hypertension, and weight. The aim of this study is to quantify differences in blood pressure and weight before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among a demographically diverse national sample of early adolescents. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 2018 to 2020, corresponding to the second follow-up year (Year 2) of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Among 4,065 early adolescents (mean age 12.00, 49.4% female, 55.5% white), 3.4% vs 6.4% of adolescents had hypertension pre-pandemic vs during the pandemic (p

BackgroundSelf-monitoring smartphone apps and health coaching have both individually been shown to improve weight-related outcomes, but their combined effects remain unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the effectiveness of combining self-monitoring apps with health coaching on anthropometric, cardiometabolic, and lifestyle outcomes in people with overweight and obesity.MethodsRelevant articles published from inception till June 9, 2022, were searched through 8 databases (Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science). Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects models. Behavioral strategies used were coded using the behavior change techniques taxonomy V1.ResultsA total of 14 articles were included, representing 2478 participants with a mean age of 39.1 years and a BMI of 31.8 kg/m2. Using combined intervention significantly improved weight loss by 2.15 kg (95% CI -3.17 kg to -1.12 kg; P

IntroductionLimited information exists regarding the microbiome composition of yak calves of varying weights. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the microbiomes of mother-calf pairs with different weight profiles.MethodsFecal and blood samples were collected from both lower-weight (CB) and higher-weight (HB) yak calves, along with their corresponding female yaks (CA, HA).ResultsThe results revealed significantly higher levels of T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity) and GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) in HB animals (p < 0.001). Sequencing yielded 652,181 and 643,369 filtered reads in female and calf yaks, respectively. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that Chao1, Faith_pd, and Observed species were significantly higher in CA compared to HA (p < 0.01). Furthermore, nine genera were notably different between HA and CA yaks, including Avispirillum, Fimenecus, CAG-1031, Odoribacter 865974, and Jeotgalicoccus A 310962. Compared to CB yaks, CA animals exhibited significant differences in one phylum and six genera, including CAG-485 (p < 0.05), CAG-83 (p < 0.01), Copromorpha (p < 0.01), Phocaeicola A 858004 (p < 0.05), and UBA2253 (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn summary, higher-weight yak calves demonstrated increased oxidative resistance, and weight profiles were linked to the microbiomes of both female yaks and their calves. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing yak breeding practices in high-altitude regions.

Background: Since cardiovascular disease (CVD) stands as the primary cause of death in those with diabetes, and given the substantial influence of obesity as a common risk factor for both diabetes and atherosclerotic conditions, this investigation sought to find the relationship between anthropometric indicators and CVD risk within these populations. Methods: Our study examined 36,329 adults, including those with diagnosed diabetes, pre-diabetes, and without diabetes from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data spanning 1999 to 2018. Various anthropometric indicators such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), weight, and height were assessed. Baseline characteristics were compared among the three groups after weighting. Participants were then grouped based on anthropometric indicators, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between these indicators and CVD risk in the total diabetes group (including diabetic and pre-diabetic individuals). Threshold effect analysis was conducted to explore nonlinear relationships, and mediation analyses assessed whether serum parameters influenced these relationships. Results: This cross-sectional study involved 36,329 participants, weighted to a count of approximately 160.9 million, including over 45.9 million pre-diabetic individuals and around 16.6 million diabetic individuals. Baseline analysis showed significant associations between all six anthropometric indicators and CVD risk across patients with different diabetes statuses. Weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve analysis highlighted increased CVD risk among the total diabetes group for each anthropometric indicator compared to the non-diabetic group. Anthropometric indicators were then divided into quartiles, and after adjusting for confounders, Model 3 revealed that the highest BMI group had a heightened risk of CVD compared to the lowest BMI group. Similar trends were observed in the WWI and WHtR subgroups. Threshold effect analysis of anthropometric indicators unveiled nonlinear associations between waist circumference, height, WWI and CVD risk. Mediation analysis suggested that lipid parameters, especially HDL, significantly mediated these relationships. Conclusion: In individuals with diabetes and pre-diabetes, BMI, weight, and WHtR displayed a consistent, linear increase correlation with CVD risk. Conversely, the link between waist circumference, height, and WWI and CVD risk showcased a more complex, nonlinear pattern. Moreover, HDL level emerged as notable mediator in the association between anthropometric indicators and the risk of CVD.

Abstract Species experience a variety of environmental and anthropogenic conditions across their ranges leading to spatial variation in population dynamics. Understanding population dynamics under different conditions is important but it is challenging to allocate limited effort to spatial and temporal subpopulation monitoring. Using GLMMs, we analyze survey data of a metapopulation of coconut crabs spanning 7 years and 15 sites in and near the Pemba archipelago, Zanzibar, to estimate trends in population size (based on catch per unit effort), weight and sex ratio at the meta‐ and subpopulation level and investigate anthropogenic drivers of these trends. We found that the overall metapopulation has remained stable in terms of size and composition over the survey period, but observed diverging trends in population size and sex ratio at some subpopulations. Formal protection of sites was associated with positive population trends. Of nine sites for which we could estimate site‐specific trends, three showed increasing and two decreasing trends, whereas four sites had stable subpopulations. Although anthropogenic factors affected the average weight, and the incidence of small and large individuals, we found no temporal trends in any weight‐related measures. Furthermore, there were no apparent patterns between weight‐related measures and subpopulation trends. The metapopulation was biased toward males, and exploitation appeared to be associated with declining trends in the proportion of females, likely an artifact of a strong decline in the proportion of females in one of only two exploited sites in the dataset. Educational campaigns implemented in 2020 at six sites were not related to higher population sizes in later surveys. The variable trends in subpopulation sizes and composition highlight the need for spatially replicated monitoring in metapopulations. The analyses further provide a detailed baseline for future subpopulation studies of this vulnerable species in one of its last remaining metapopulations in the Western Indian Ocean.

ABSTRACT Managing fertile eggs and minimizing seasonal impacts is crucial in poultry farming. This study evaluated the effects of the storage time of fertile eggs, broiler breeder strain, and age on hatchability and first-week broiler performance. Twelve treatments were carried out in a factorial arrangement with two broiler breeder strains (Cobb MV and Ross 308AP), two breeder age intervals (between 30-40 weeks and between 50-60 weeks), and three egg storage times (4, 7 and 9 days). The Ross 308AP strain showed the highest hatchability (91.74%) at 30-40 weeks, while Cobb MV had the greatest weight gain (162.75g) from days 1 to 7 at 50-60 weeks. Longer egg storage affected weight gain at 7 days for Cobb MV. Nine-day storage reduced chick weight (45.46g) from breeders aged 50-60 weeks. Lower first-stage embryonic mortality was observed in Ross 308 AP (3.83%) in breeders aged 30-40 weeks (4.13%), and in eggs stored for 4 days (4.01%). The Ross 308AP had the greatest percentage of infertile eggs (10.25%), and breeders aged 50-60 weeks showed greater percentages of infertility (10.14%). The Cobb MV had lower second-stage embryonic mortality but higher percentages of discarded chicks. Hatchability and first-week broiler performance depend on storage time, breeder age and strain.

ObjectiveEvidence suggests that changes in dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may influence body weight, but the effects of different dietary patterns remain to be explored.The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a Mediterranean and a low-fat vegan diet on dietary AGEs and test their association with body weight.Materials and methodsIn this randomized cross-over trial, 62 overweight adults were assigned to a Mediterranean or a low-fat vegan diet for 16-week periods in random order, separated by a 4-week washout. Body weight was the primary outcome. Three-day diet records were analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research software and dietary AGEs were estimated, using an established database. Statistical approaches appropriate for crossover trials were implemented.ResultsDietary AGEs decreased by 73%, that is, by 9,413 kilounits AGE/day (95% −10,869 to −7,957); p < 0.001, compared with no change on the Mediterranean diet (treatment effect −10,303 kilounits AGE/day [95% CI −13,090 to −7,516]; p < 0.001). The participants lost 6.0 kg on average on the vegan diet, compared with no change on the Mediterranean diet (treatment effect −6.0 kg [95% CI −7.5 to −4.5]; p < 0.001). Changes in dietary AGEs correlated with changes in body weight (r = +0.47; p < 0.001) and remained significant after adjustment for total energy intake (r = +0.39; p = 0.003).ConclusionDietary AGEs did not change on the Mediterranean diet but decreased on a low-fat vegan diet, and this decrease was associated with changes in body weight, independent of energy intake.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT03698955

Abstract Background and Aims The objective of this study was to assess current condition of three noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)‐diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia and vulnerable cohorts among adults in Bangladesh. Methods The STEPwise Approach to the NCD Risk Factor Surveillance survey of 2018 was analyzed to evaluate the association between NCDs and sociodemographic factors, levels of physical activity, and behavioral measurements. Complex survey weight‐adjusted logistic models were fitted. Results From 6875 samples, prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were 27.3%, 9.8%, and 30.2%, respectively. The prevalence of the three NCDs were higher among older respondents. Low occupational activity with obese‐BMI status people was more prone to NCDs. Lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was observed in Rangpur, Rajshahi, and Mymensingh, whereas lesser diabetes in Khulna region. Likelihood of NCDs were higher among highly educated, urban residents with low physical activity. Lesser physical activity, and lack of weight maintenance were found to be key factors in higher rates of NCDs in Bangladesh. Conclusion Greater education and less strenuous profession led to a higher chance of NCDs. Overall, physical activity and maintenance of weight seem to be factors driving higher rates of NCDs in Bangladesh. As a preventive measure against NCDs, an active lifestyle is to be encouraged, particularly to the most vulnerable cohort.

BackgroundOutside of pregnancy, intuitive eating (IE) is associated with lower body weight, blood glucose, and higher positive mood. However, little was known about the relationship between IE and anxiety-depression in the GDM population. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association of IE with anxiety and depression, pregnancy weight and pregnancy blood glucose in the first and second GDM visit.MethodsData from 310 pregnant women with GDM from the Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital Trial (Approval Number: 2020Y9133) were analyzed. IE was assessed using the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 subscales of Eating for Physiological Reasons rather than Emotional Reasons (EPR), Relying on Hunger and Satiety Cues (RHSC) and Body-Food Choice Consistency (B-FCC). Observations included weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postprandial blood glucose; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess the level of anxiety and depression in pregnant women with GDM. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between IE and anxiety, depression, pregnancy blood glucose and weight.ResultsThe cross-sectional analysis showed that the EPR eating behavior was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression, and the B-FCC eating behavior was negatively correlated with depression at both the first and second GDM visit; in addition, the B-FCC eating behavior was associated with lower BMI in the third trimester (all p

BACKGROUND: Virtually all adults with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimers disease (AD) pathology, but research gaps remain in understanding early signs of AD in DS. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to determine if unintentional weight loss is part of AD in DS. The specific aims were to: 1) examine relation between chronological age, weight, AD pathology, and AD-related cognitive decline were assessed in a large cohort of adults with DS, and 2) determine if baseline PET amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau PET status (-versus+) and/or decline in memory and mental status were associated with weight loss prior to AD progression. METHODS: Analyses included 261 adults with DS. PET data were acquired using [11C] PiB for Aβ and [18F] AV-1451 for tau. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight and height. Direct measures assessed dementia and memory. Clinical AD status was determined using a case consensus process. Percent weight decline across 16-20 months was assessed in a subset of participants (n = 77). RESULTS: Polynomial regressions indicated an 0.23 kg/m2 decrease in BMI per year beginning at age 36.5 years, which occurs alongside the period during which Aβ and tau increase and memory and mental status decline. At a within-person level, elevated Aβ, decline in memory and mental status were associated with higher percent weight loss across 16-20 months. CONCLUSION: Unintentional weight loss occurs alongside Aβ deposition and prior to onset of AD dementia, and thus may be a useful sign of AD in DS.

This study was conducted to measure the influence of some herbal extracts on performance, egg quality, intestinal histology, and some biochemical measurements in layer local quails. 162 quails, including males and females in their 48 weeks of age were divided equally into 18 separate cages, and where placed different levels of the herbal extract mixture (1 ml/l and 2 ml/l) were placed in drinking water for five weeks. Egg production was monitored daily, performance and egg quality were measured weekly, and intestinal histology and serum biochemical parameters were measured at the end of the experiment. In the results, herbal treatments, age, and interaction significantly improved the body weight, egg mass, egg weight uniformity %, feed conversion ratio, and egg production. However, the egg weight was significantly affected by interaction and age. The egg quality parameters including shape index, shell percentage, yolk height, albumin height, albumin percentage, yolk color, and Haugh unit, were significantly affected by the herbal treatment levels, age, and interaction between them. Although the levels of herbal extracts didn’t affect the shell thickness, yolk width, albumin width, and yolk percentage, these were significantly affected by age and interaction. All of the studied serum biochemical and intestinal histology measurements except the AST enzyme were significantly changed in the treated groups compared to the control group. The present results conclude that the administration of selected herbal extracts improved most of the studied parameters in laying local quails.

Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between age at menarche (AAM) and anthropometric parameters in young female students in Shahrekord, southwest Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in elementary and senior girls’ schools in Shahrekord in 2018. The sampling method was multistage cluster sampling. The 633 students were studied out of 4868 students selected before the commencement of the study. The statistical analysis was done with a one-way analysis of variance, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and the Kaplan-Meier estimate. The checklist was used to collect the participants’ information. All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 24 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: The average AAM of our participants was 13.34±0.95 years. Only 8.5% of the 633 participants had reached menarche before the age of 12. In this study, the association between AAM and height (P

Purpose. To characterize age-1+ hybrids obtained from the crossing of Galician framed carp (GFC) and Antoniny-Zozulenets framed carp (AZFC) according to a set of commercial conditions in comparison with parental lines. Methodology. The objects of the study were age-1+ hybrids of the reciprocal crossing of Galician and Antoniny-Zozulenets carps grown in pond conditions of the “Karpatskyi Vodogray” LLC. The study was conducted at the end of the growing season according to methodological recommendations. The body of the experimental carp for analysis was divided into its constituent parts: scales, fillet with skin, entrails, fins and bones. In the process of work, blood was removed, its weight was attributed to the entrails. The head was separated from the carcass by breaking it off between the occipital bone and the first vertebra.Each part was weighed separately and presented as a percentage of the total body weight. Findings. The obtained results showed that the yield of the main part of the fillet with skin in crossbred groups of age-1+ carp was 48.7–52.0% and was higher compared to purebred offspring.In comparison with the original maternal line, crossbred age-1+ ♀GFC ×♂AZFC had a higher index of relative fillet weight by 3.15%, and the similar 1.6% superiority was observed in crossbreds ♀AZFC × ♂GFC. At the same time, with an increase in the average weight of age-1+ by 28.9–68.6% in the 2023 studies, the relative weight of the carcass increased by 2.4–11.0%. At the same time, the relative weight of the head decreased by 5.3-6.1%, and the relative weight of the entrails increased by 0.7-4.7%. In general, the inedible part of the studied groups of fish was in the range of 27.2–32.4%. In terms of the yield of fillets per 1 ha of fattening pond, the superiority of interbreeding groups of age-1+ was 31.5–62.7%. The obtained results indicate the expediency of their use as new highly productive commercial lines in pond farms of the Polissiya zone. Originality. For the first time, a comparative analysis of the nutritional value parameters of age-1+ carp from reciprocal crossings of Galician and Antoniny-Zozulenet framed carp and the original pure lines cultivated in the conditions of Ukrainian Polissiya was carried out. Practical value. The obtained results will complement the studies of previous years and will allow providing recommendations on the use of these hybrids for commercial cultivation in the Polissiya zone of Ukraine.

Abstract Background & aim The association between weight change and incident hypertension (HTN) in menopausal women has not been well characterized. This study aimed to determine whether weight changes after menopausal years make a difference in incidents of hypertension. Materials & methods This population-based study was performed using data collected from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study cohort (1999–2018). Women who had natural and early menopause were followed up every 3 years. Data gathering was performed through the standard protocol of the study. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariable Cox hazard regression analysis. We used the ‘survival’ package in the R software version 3.6.0 to fit survival models. Results A total of 487 menopausal women met the inclusion criteria; 62.6% had natural menopause and remained had early menopause. Among the participants, 65.5% experienced HTN. The highest proportion of participants had > 5% weight gain, while the lowest had 3–5% weight gain. Either losing body weight (lost > 5%: HR: 0.44; CI 95%, 0.32, 0.62; p 5% (HR: 0.69; CI 95%, 0.51, 0.91; p = 0.01), were associated with decreased risk of HTN after adjustment for confounders. In this study, weight loss and gain have a protective impact on the development of HTN in subjects. For incident HTN, age (HR: 1.04 (1.01, 1.08), p = 0.004), fasting blood glucose (HR: 1.01, CI 95%:1.00, 1.01; p

Xiaoyu Lv,1 Hui Wang,1 Chongyang Chen,1 Yangting Zhao,1 Kai Li,1 Yawen Wang,1 Liting Wang,1,2 Songbo Fu,1,2 Jingfang Liu1,2 1The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jingfang Liu, Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 0931-8356242, Email ljf824168@126.comAim: To explore the effects of Tirzepatide (TZP), a new hypoglycemic drug, on weight, blood lipids and blood pressure in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: Relevant studies investigating the influence of TZP therapy on weight, lipid profiles and blood pressure in overweight/obese T2DM patients were selected from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases from establishment until November 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of TZP on weight, blood lipids and blood pressure in overweight/obese patients with T2DM.Results: Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comprising 7491 patients with T2DM, were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed that compared with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), insulin, and placebo groups, body weight, triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were significantly decreased in the TZP-treated groups, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels increased. With the gradual increase of TZP doses, the proportions of T2DM patients with weight loss > 5% gradually increased. The 10 mg and 15 mg TZP doses had a stronger effect on the levels of TG, VLDL-C, and HDL-C. Moreover, the reduction in SBP levels in the 15 mg TZP-treated group was more pronounced than those in the 10 mg and 5 mg TZP-treated groups [MD=− 2.07, 95% CI (− 2.52, − 1.63) and MD=− 3.14, 95% CI (− 4.42, − 1.87)]. Compared with GLP-1RA, insulin, and placebo groups, the proportions of patients with HbA1c< 7% in 10mg and 15mg TZP-treated groups were significantly higher than in the 5mg TZP-treated group [OR=1.53, 95% CI (1.25, 1.8)], OR=1.7, 95% CI (1.15, 2.50)].There was no significant difference regarding the risk of adverse reactions.Keywords: tirzepatide, T2DM, weight, lipid metabolism, meta-analysis