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920 results on '"Villar, V."'

201. Experimental Chua's circuit arrays as an autowave simulator

Author

Gomez-Gesteira, M., deCastro, M., Perez-Villar, V., and Chua, L.O.

Subjects
Electronic circuits -- Research, Nonlinear networks -- Research, Waves -- Research, Circuit design -- Research, Business, Computers and office automation industries, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

A two-dimensional (2-D) array of electronic circuits is used to simulate the typical autowaves experimentally found in various active media (target and spiral waves). This experimental setup allows us to obtain some of the phenomena previously described in continuous media, but with a complete control on each cell and on the connections among them. Index Terms - Autowaves, electronic simulator, nonlinear circuits.

Published
1999

206. Astrobites as a Community-led Model for Education, Science Communication, and Accessibility in Astrophysics

Author

Khullar, Gourav, Kohler, Susanna, Konchady, Tarini, Foley, Mike, Hornsby, Amber L., Reyes, Mithi A. de los, Chisari, Nora Elisa, Villar, V. Ashley, Shin, Kaitlyn, Doughty, Caitlin, Shipp, Nora, Ramasawmy, Joanna, Penoyre, Zephyr, Lichtenberg, Tim, Storey-Fisher, Kate, Hall, Oliver, Lewis, Briley, Pearlman, Aaron B., Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro, Bridge, Joanna S., González-Egea, Elena, Panwar, Vatsal, Slepian, Zachary, Zimmerman, Mara, Khullar, Gourav, Kohler, Susanna, Konchady, Tarini, Foley, Mike, Hornsby, Amber L., Reyes, Mithi A. de los, Chisari, Nora Elisa, Villar, V. Ashley, Shin, Kaitlyn, Doughty, Caitlin, Shipp, Nora, Ramasawmy, Joanna, Penoyre, Zephyr, Lichtenberg, Tim, Storey-Fisher, Kate, Hall, Oliver, Lewis, Briley, Pearlman, Aaron B., Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro, Bridge, Joanna S., González-Egea, Elena, Panwar, Vatsal, Slepian, Zachary, and Zimmerman, Mara

Abstract

Support for early career astronomers who are just beginning to explore astronomy research is imperative to increase retention of diverse practitioners in the field. Since 2010, Astrobites has played an instrumental role in engaging members of the community -- particularly undergraduate and graduate students -- in research. In this white paper, the Astrobites collaboration outlines our multi-faceted online education platform that both eases the transition into astronomy research and promotes inclusive professional development opportunities. We additionally offer recommendations for how the astronomy community can reduce barriers to entry to astronomy research in the coming decade.

Published
2019

207. Multi-Messenger Astronomy with Extremely Large Telescopes

Author

Chornock, Ryan, Cowperthwaite, Philip S., Margutti, Raffaella, Milisavljevic, Dan, Alexander, Kate D., Andreoni, Igor, Arcavi, Iair, Baldeschi, Adriano, Barnes, Jennifer, Bellm, Eric, Beniamini, Paz, Berger, Edo, Berry, Christopher P. L., Bianco, Federica, Blanchard, Peter K., Bloom, Joshua S., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Burns, Eric, Carbone, Dario, Cenko, S. Bradley, Coppejans, Deanne, Corsi, Alessandra, Coughlin, Michael, Drout, Maria R., Eftekhari, Tarraneh, Foley, Ryan J., Fong, Wen-fai, Fox, Ori, Frail, Dale A., Giannios, Dimitrios, Golkhou, V. Zach, Gomez, Sebastian, Graham, Melissa, Graur, Or, Hajela, Aprajita, Hallinan, Gregg, Hanna, Chad, Hotokezaka, Kenta, Kalogera, Vicky, Kasen, Daniel, Kasliwal, Mansi, Kathirgamaraju, Adithan, Kerzendorf, Wolfgang E., Kilpatrick, Charles D., Laskar, Tanmoy, Levesque, Emily, MacFadyen, Andrew, Macias, Phillip, Margalit, Ben, Matheson, Thomas, Metzger, Brian D., Miller, Adam A., Modjaz, Maryam, Murase, Kohta, Murguia-Berthier, Ariadna, Nissanke, Samaya, Palmese, Antonella, Pankow, Chris, Paterson, Kerry, Patton, Locke, Perna, Rosalba, Radice, David, Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico, Rest, Armin, Rho, Jeonghee, Rojas-Bravo, Cesar, Roth, Nathaniel C., Safarzadeh, Mohammad, Sand, David, Sbarufatti, Boris, Siegel, Daniel M., Sironi, Lorenzo, Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Sravan, Niharika, Starrfield, Sumner, Street, Rachel A., Stringfellow, Guy S., Tchekhovskoy, Alexander, Terreran, Giacomo, Valenti, Stefano, Villar, V. Ashley, Wang, Yihan, Wheeler, J. Craig, Williams, G. Grant, Zrake, Jonathan, Chornock, Ryan, Cowperthwaite, Philip S., Margutti, Raffaella, Milisavljevic, Dan, Alexander, Kate D., Andreoni, Igor, Arcavi, Iair, Baldeschi, Adriano, Barnes, Jennifer, Bellm, Eric, Beniamini, Paz, Berger, Edo, Berry, Christopher P. L., Bianco, Federica, Blanchard, Peter K., Bloom, Joshua S., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Burns, Eric, Carbone, Dario, Cenko, S. Bradley, Coppejans, Deanne, Corsi, Alessandra, Coughlin, Michael, Drout, Maria R., Eftekhari, Tarraneh, Foley, Ryan J., Fong, Wen-fai, Fox, Ori, Frail, Dale A., Giannios, Dimitrios, Golkhou, V. Zach, Gomez, Sebastian, Graham, Melissa, Graur, Or, Hajela, Aprajita, Hallinan, Gregg, Hanna, Chad, Hotokezaka, Kenta, Kalogera, Vicky, Kasen, Daniel, Kasliwal, Mansi, Kathirgamaraju, Adithan, Kerzendorf, Wolfgang E., Kilpatrick, Charles D., Laskar, Tanmoy, Levesque, Emily, MacFadyen, Andrew, Macias, Phillip, Margalit, Ben, Matheson, Thomas, Metzger, Brian D., Miller, Adam A., Modjaz, Maryam, Murase, Kohta, Murguia-Berthier, Ariadna, Nissanke, Samaya, Palmese, Antonella, Pankow, Chris, Paterson, Kerry, Patton, Locke, Perna, Rosalba, Radice, David, Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico, Rest, Armin, Rho, Jeonghee, Rojas-Bravo, Cesar, Roth, Nathaniel C., Safarzadeh, Mohammad, Sand, David, Sbarufatti, Boris, Siegel, Daniel M., Sironi, Lorenzo, Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Sravan, Niharika, Starrfield, Sumner, Street, Rachel A., Stringfellow, Guy S., Tchekhovskoy, Alexander, Terreran, Giacomo, Valenti, Stefano, Villar, V. Ashley, Wang, Yihan, Wheeler, J. Craig, Williams, G. Grant, and Zrake, Jonathan

Abstract

The field of time-domain astrophysics has entered the era of Multi-messenger Astronomy (MMA). One key science goal for the next decade (and beyond) will be to characterize gravitational wave (GW) and neutrino sources using the next generation of Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs). These studies will have a broad impact across astrophysics, informing our knowledge of the production and enrichment history of the heaviest chemical elements, constrain the dense matter equation of state, provide independent constraints on cosmology, increase our understanding of particle acceleration in shocks and jets, and study the lives of black holes in the universe. Future GW detectors will greatly improve their sensitivity during the coming decade, as will near-infrared telescopes capable of independently finding kilonovae from neutron star mergers. However, the electromagnetic counterparts to high-frequency (LIGO/Virgo band) GW sources will be distant and faint and thus demand ELT capabilities for characterization. ELTs will be important and necessary contributors to an advanced and complete multi-messenger network.

Published
2019

208. Models and Simulations for the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC)

Author

Kessler, R., Narayan, G., Avelino, A., Bachelet, E., Biswas, Rahul, Brown, P. J., Chernoff, D. F., Connolly, A. J., Dail, M., Daniel, S., Di Stefano, R., Drout, M. R., Galbany, L., González-Gaitán, S., Graham, M. L., Hložek, R., Ishida, E. E. O., Guillochon, J., Jha, S. W., Jones, D. O., Mandel, K. S., Muthukrishna, D., O'Grady, A., Peters, C. M., Pierel, J. R., Ponder, K. A., Prša, A., Rodney, S., Villar, V. A., Kessler, R., Narayan, G., Avelino, A., Bachelet, E., Biswas, Rahul, Brown, P. J., Chernoff, D. F., Connolly, A. J., Dail, M., Daniel, S., Di Stefano, R., Drout, M. R., Galbany, L., González-Gaitán, S., Graham, M. L., Hložek, R., Ishida, E. E. O., Guillochon, J., Jha, S. W., Jones, D. O., Mandel, K. S., Muthukrishna, D., O'Grady, A., Peters, C. M., Pierel, J. R., Ponder, K. A., Prša, A., Rodney, S., and Villar, V. A.

Abstract

We describe the simulated data sample for the Photometric Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) Astronomical Time Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC), a publicly available challenge to classify transient and variable events that will be observed by the LSST, a new facility expected to start in the early 2020s. The challenge was hosted by Kaggle, ran from 2018 September 28 to December 17, and included 1094 teams competing for prizes. Here we provide details of the 18 transient and variable source models, which were not revealed until after the challenge, and release the model libraries at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2612896. We describe the LSST Operations Simulator used to predict realistic observing conditions, and we describe the publicly available SNANA simulation code used to transform the models into observed fluxes and uncertainties in the LSST passbands (ugrizy). Although PLAsTiCC has finished, the publicly available models and simulation tools are being used within the astronomy community to further improve classification, and to study contamination in photometrically identified samples of SN Ia used to measure properties of dark energy. Our simulation framework will continue serving as a platform to improve the PLAsTiCC models, and to develop new models.

Published
2019
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209. Supernova Photometric Classification Pipelines Trained on Spectroscopically Classified Supernovae from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium-deep Survey

Author

Villar, V. A., Berger, E., Miller, G., Chornock, R., Rest, A., Jones, D. O., Drout, M. R., Foley, R. J., Kirshner, R., Lunnan, Ragnhild, Magnier, E., Milisavljevic, D., Sanders, N., Scolnic, D., Villar, V. A., Berger, E., Miller, G., Chornock, R., Rest, A., Jones, D. O., Drout, M. R., Foley, R. J., Kirshner, R., Lunnan, Ragnhild, Magnier, E., Milisavljevic, D., Sanders, N., and Scolnic, D.

Abstract

Photometric classification of supernovae (SNe) is imperative as recent and upcoming optical time-domain surveys, such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), overwhelm the available resources for spectrosopic follow-up. Here we develop a range of light curve (LC) classification pipelines, trained on 513 spectroscopically classified SNe from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Survey (PS1-MDS): 357 Type Ia, 93 Type II, 25 Type IIn, 21 Type Ibc, and 17 Type I superluminous SNe (SLSNe). We present a new parametric analytical model that can accommodate a broad range of SN LC morphologies, including those with a plateau, and fit this model to data in four PS1 filters (g(P1)r(P1)i(P1)z(P1)). We test a number of feature extraction methods, data augmentation strategies, and machine-learning algorithms to predict the class of each SN. Our best pipelines result in approximate to 90% average accuracy, approximate to 70% average purity, and approximate to 80% average completeness for all SN classes, with the highest success rates for SNe Ia and SLSNe and the lowest for SNe Ibc. Despite the greater complexity of our classification scheme, the purity of our SN Ia classification, approximate to 95%, is on par with methods developed specifically for Type Ia versus non-Type Ia binary classification. As the first of its kind, this study serves as a guide to developing and training classification algorithms for a wide range of SN types with a purely empirical training set, particularly one that is similar in its characteristics to the expected LSST main survey strategy. Future work will implement this classification pipeline on approximate to 3000 PS1/MDS LCs that lack spectroscopic classification.

Published
2019
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210. SNIF: The SuperNova Interactive Fitter

Author

Baker, Leilani, Green, Sophia, Villar, V. Ashley, Baker, Leilani, Green, Sophia, and Villar, V. Ashley

Abstract

We present an online application, the SuperNova Interactive Fitter (SNIF), which can be used to interactively fit one-zone, analytical models to optical transient light curves powered by (1) the radioactive decay of 56Ni, (2) the spin-down of newly born magnetars, or (3) the interaction between supernova ejecta and pre-existing circumstellar material. This application utilizes the Open Astronomy Catalogs API to connect the user to thousands of publicly available transient light curves from the literature., Comment: Accepted for publication in RNAAS; feature suggestions welcome!; see http://snif.space

Published
2019

211. Two years of non-thermal emission from the binary neutron star merger GW170817: rapid fading of the jet afterglow and first constraints on the kilonova fastest ejecta

Author

Hajela, A., Margutti, R., Alexander, K. D., Kathirgamaraju, A., Baldeschi, A., Guidorzi, C., Giannios, D., Fong, W., Wu, Y., MacFadyen, A., Paggi, A., Berger, E., Blanchard, P. K., Chornock, R., Coppejans, D. L., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Eftekhari, T., Gomez, S., Hosseinzadeh, G., Laskar, T., Metzger, B. D., Nicholl, M., Paterson, K., Radice, D., Sironi, L., Terreran, G., Villar, V. A., Williams, P. K. G., Xie, X., Zrake, J., Hajela, A., Margutti, R., Alexander, K. D., Kathirgamaraju, A., Baldeschi, A., Guidorzi, C., Giannios, D., Fong, W., Wu, Y., MacFadyen, A., Paggi, A., Berger, E., Blanchard, P. K., Chornock, R., Coppejans, D. L., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Eftekhari, T., Gomez, S., Hosseinzadeh, G., Laskar, T., Metzger, B. D., Nicholl, M., Paterson, K., Radice, D., Sironi, L., Terreran, G., Villar, V. A., Williams, P. K. G., Xie, X., and Zrake, J.

Abstract

We present Chandra and VLA observations of GW170817 at ~521-743 days post merger, and a homogeneous analysis of the entire Chandra data set. We find that the late-time non-thermal emission follows the expected evolution from an off-axis relativistic jet, with a steep temporal decay $F_{\nu}\propto t^{-1.95\pm0.15}$ and a simple power-law spectrum $F_{\nu}\propto \nu^{-0.575\pm0.007}$. We present a new method to constrain the merger environment density based on diffuse X-ray emission from hot plasma in the host galaxy and we find $n\le 9.6 \times 10^{-3}\,\rm{cm^{-3}}$. This measurement is independent from inferences based on the jet afterglow modeling and allows us to partially solve for model degeneracies. The updated best-fitting model parameters with this density constraint are a fireball kinetic energy $E_0 = 1.5_{-1.1}^{+3.6}\times 10^{49}\,\rm{erg}$ ($E_{iso}= 2.1_{-1.5}^{+6.4}\times10^{52}\, \rm{erg}$), jet opening angle $\theta_{0}= 5.9^{+1.0}_{-0.7}\,\rm{deg}$ with characteristic Lorentz factor $\Gamma_j = 163_{-43}^{+23}$, expanding in a low-density medium with $n_0 = 2.5_{-1.9}^{+4.1} \times 10^{-3}\, \rm{cm^{-3}}$ and viewed $\theta_{obs} = 30.4^{+4.0}_{-3.4}\, \rm{deg}$ off-axis. The synchrotron emission originates from a power-law distribution of electrons with $p=2.15^{+0.01}_{-0.02}$. The shock microphysics parameters are constrained to $\epsilon_{\rm{e}} = 0.18_{-0.13}^{+0.30}$ and $\epsilon_{\rm{B}}=2.3_{-2.2}^{+16.0} \times 10^{-3}$. We investigate the presence of X-ray flares and find no statistically significant evidence of $\ge2.5\sigma$ of temporal variability at any time. Finally, we use our observations to constrain the properties of synchrotron emission from the deceleration of the fastest kilonova ejecta with energy $E_k^{KN}\propto (\Gamma\beta)^{-\alpha}$ into the environment, finding that shallow stratification indexes $\alpha\le6$ are disfavored., Comment: version accepted for publication in ApJL, 13 pages, 6 figures

Published
2019
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212. A Galaxy-Targeted Search for the Optical Counterpart of the Candidate NS-BH Merger S190814bv with Magellan

Author

Gomez, S., Hosseinzadeh, G., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Villar, V. A., Berger, E., Gardner, T., Alexander, K. D., Chornock, R., Drout, M. R., Eftekhari, T., Fong, W., Gill, K., Margutti, R., Nicholl, M., Paterson, K., Williams, P. K. G., Gomez, S., Hosseinzadeh, G., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Villar, V. A., Berger, E., Gardner, T., Alexander, K. D., Chornock, R., Drout, M. R., Eftekhari, T., Fong, W., Gill, K., Margutti, R., Nicholl, M., Paterson, K., and Williams, P. K. G.

Abstract

On 2019 August 14 the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo gravitational wave interferometer announced the detection of a binary merger, S190814bv, with a low false alarm rate (FAR) of about 1 in $1.6\times 10^{25}$ years, a distance of $267\pm 52$ Mpc, a 90\% (50\%) localization region of about 23 (5) deg$^2$, and a probability of being a neutron star--black hole (NS-BH) merger of $>99\%$. The LIGO/Virgo Collaboration (LVC) defines NS-BH such that the lighter binary member has a mass of $<3$ M$_\odot$ and the more massive one has $>5$ M$_\odot$, and this classification is in principle consistent with a BH-BH merger depending on the actual upper mass cut-off for neutron stars. Additionally, the LVC designated a probability that the merger led to matter outside the final BH remnant of $<1\%$, suggesting that an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart is unlikely. Here we report our optical follow-up observations of S190814bv using the Magellan Baade 6.5 m telescope to target all 96 galaxies in the GLADE catalog within the 50\% localization volume (representing about 70\% of the integrated luminosity within this region). No counterpart was identified to a median $3\sigma$ limiting magnitude of $i=22.2$ ($M_i\approx -14.9$ mag), comparable to the brightness of the optical counterpart of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 at the distance of S190814bv; similarly, we can rule out an on-axis jet typical of short GRBs. However, we cannot rule out other realistic models, such as a kilonova with only $\sim 0.01$ M$_\odot$ of lanthanide-rich material, or an off-axis jet with a viewing angle of $\theta_{\rm obs}\gtrsim 15^\circ$., Comment: 10 pages, 1 table, 4 figures, accepted to ApJL

Published
2019
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213. The Optical Afterglow of GW170817: An Off-axis Structured Jet and Deep Constraints on a Globular Cluster Origin

Author

Fong, Wen-fai, Blanchard, P. K., Alexander, K. D., Strader, J., Margutti, R., Hajela, A., Villar, V. A., Wu, Y., Ye, C. S., Berger, E., Chornock, R., Coppejans, D., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Eftekhari, T., Giannios, D., Guidorzi, C., Kathirgamaraju, A., Laskar, T., MacFadyen, A., Metzger, B. D., Nicholl, M., Paterson, K., Terreran, G., Sand, D. J., Sironi, L., Williams, P. K. G., Xie, X., Zrake, J., Fong, Wen-fai, Blanchard, P. K., Alexander, K. D., Strader, J., Margutti, R., Hajela, A., Villar, V. A., Wu, Y., Ye, C. S., Berger, E., Chornock, R., Coppejans, D., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Eftekhari, T., Giannios, D., Guidorzi, C., Kathirgamaraju, A., Laskar, T., MacFadyen, A., Metzger, B. D., Nicholl, M., Paterson, K., Terreran, G., Sand, D. J., Sironi, L., Williams, P. K. G., Xie, X., and Zrake, J.

Abstract

We present a revised and complete optical afterglow light curve of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, enabled by deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) F606W observations at $\approx\!584$ days post-merger, which provide a robust optical template. The light curve spans $\approx 110-362$ days, and is fully consistent with emission from a relativistic structured jet viewed off-axis, as previously indicated by radio and X-ray data. Combined with contemporaneous radio and X-ray observations, we find no spectral evolution, with a weighted average spectral index of $\langle \beta \rangle = -0.583 \pm 0.013$, demonstrating that no synchrotron break frequencies evolve between the radio and X-ray bands over these timescales. We find that an extrapolation of the post-peak temporal slope of GW170817 to the luminosities of cosmological short GRBs matches their observed jet break times, suggesting that their explosion properties are similar, and that the primary difference in GW170817 is viewing angle. Additionally, we place a deep limit on the luminosity and mass of an underlying globular cluster of $L \lesssim 6.7 \times 10^{3}\,L_{\odot}$, or $M \lesssim 1.3 \times 10^{4}\,M_{\odot}$, at least 4 standard deviations below the peak of the globular cluster mass function of the host galaxy, NGC4993. This limit provides a direct and strong constraint that GW170817 did not form and merge in a globular cluster. As highlighted here, HST (and soon JWST) enables critical observations of the optical emission from neutron star merger jets and outflows., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Accepted to ApJ Letters

Published
2019
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214. Follow-up of the Neutron Star Bearing Gravitational Wave Candidate Events S190425z and S190426c with MMT and SOAR

Author

Hosseinzadeh, G., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Gomez, S., Villar, V. A., Nicholl, M., Margutti, R., Berger, E., Chornock, R., Paterson, K., Fong, W., Savchenko, V., Short, P., Alexander, K. D., Blanchard, P. K., Braga, J., Calkins, M. L., Cartier, R., Coppejans, D. L., Eftekhari, T., Laskar, T., Ly, C., Patton, L., Pelisoli, I., Reichart, D., Terreran, G., Williams, P. K. G., Hosseinzadeh, G., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Gomez, S., Villar, V. A., Nicholl, M., Margutti, R., Berger, E., Chornock, R., Paterson, K., Fong, W., Savchenko, V., Short, P., Alexander, K. D., Blanchard, P. K., Braga, J., Calkins, M. L., Cartier, R., Coppejans, D. L., Eftekhari, T., Laskar, T., Ly, C., Patton, L., Pelisoli, I., Reichart, D., Terreran, G., and Williams, P. K. G.

Abstract

On 2019 April 25.346 and 26.640 UT the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave (GW) observatories announced the detection of the first candidate events in Observing Run 3 that contain at least one neutron star. S190425z is a likely binary neutron star (BNS) merger at $d_L = 156 \pm 41$ Mpc, while S190426c is possibly the first NS-BH merger ever detected, at $d_L = 377 \pm 100$ Mpc, although with marginal statistical significance. Here we report our optical follow-up observations for both events using the MMT 6.5-m telescope, as well as our spectroscopic follow-up of candidate counterparts (which turned out to be unrelated) with the 4.1-m SOAR telescope. We compare to publicly reported searches, explore the overall areal coverage and depth, and evaluate those in relation to the optical/NIR kilonova emission from the BNS merger GW170817, to theoretical kilonova models, and to short GRB afterglows. We find that for a GW170817-like kilonova, the partial volume covered spans up to about 40% for S190425z and 60% for S190426c. For an on-axis jet typical of short GRBs, the search effective volume is larger, but such a configuration is expected in at most a few percent of mergers. We further find that wide-field $\gamma$-ray and X-ray limits rule out luminous on-axis SGRBs, for a large fraction of the localization regions, although these searches are not sufficiently deep in the context of the $\gamma$-ray emission from GW170817 or off-axis SGRB afterglows. The results indicate that some optical follow-up searches are sufficiently deep for counterpart identification to about 300 Mpc, but that localizations better than 1000 deg$^2$ are likely essential., Comment: The first six authors contributed equally to this work

Published
2019
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215. Gravity and Light: Combining Gravitational Wave and Electromagnetic Observations in the 2020s

Author

Foley, R. J., Alexander, K. D., Andreoni, I., Arcavi, I., Auchettl, K., Barnes, J., Baym, G., Bellm, E. C., Beloborodov, A. M., Blagorodnova, N., Blakeslee, J. P., Brady, P. R., Branchesi, M., Brown, J. S., Butler, N., Cantiello, M., Chornock, R., Cook, D. O., Cooke, J., Coppejans, D. L., Corsi, A., Couch, S. M., Coughlin, M. W., Coulter, D. A., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Dietrich, T., Dimitriadis, G., Drout, M. R., Elias, J. H., Farr, B., Fernandez, R., Filippenko, A. V., Fong, W., Fragos, T., Frail, D. A., Freedman, W. L., Fryer, C. L., Golkhou, V. Z., Hiramatsu, D., Hjorth, J., Horesh, A., Hosseinzadeh, G., Hotokezaka, K., Howell, D. A., Hung, T., Jones, D. O., Kalogera, V., Kasen, D., Kerzendorf, W. E., Kilpatrick, C. D., Kirshner, R. P., Krisciunas, K., Lattimer, J. M., Lazzati, D., Levan, A. J., MacFadyen, A. I., Maeda, K., Mandel, I., Mandel, K. S., Margalit, B., Margutti, R., McIver, J., Metzger, B. D., Mooley, K., Moriya, T., Murguia-Berthier, A., Narayan, G., Nicholl, M., Nissanke, S., Nomoto, K., O'Meara, J. M., O'Shaughnessy, R., O'Connor, E., Palmese, A., Pan, Y. -C., Pankow, C., Paterson, K., Perley, D. A., Perna, R., Piro, A. L., Pritchard, T. A., Quataert, E., Radice, D., Ramirez-Ruiz, E., Reddy, S., Rest, A., Riess, A. G., Rodriguez, C. L., Rojas-Bravo, C., Rossi, E. M., Rosswog, S., Ruiz, M., Shapiro, S. L., Shoemaker, D. H., Siebert, M. R., Siegel, D. M., Siellez, K., Smith, N., Soares-Santos, M., Suntzeff, N. B., Surman, R., Tanaka, M., Tanvir, N. R., Terreran, G., Valenti, S., Villar, V. A., Wang, L., Webb, S. A., Wheeler, J. C., Williams, P. K. G., Woosley, S., Zaldarriaga, M., Zevin, M., Foley, R. J., Alexander, K. D., Andreoni, I., Arcavi, I., Auchettl, K., Barnes, J., Baym, G., Bellm, E. C., Beloborodov, A. M., Blagorodnova, N., Blakeslee, J. P., Brady, P. R., Branchesi, M., Brown, J. S., Butler, N., Cantiello, M., Chornock, R., Cook, D. O., Cooke, J., Coppejans, D. L., Corsi, A., Couch, S. M., Coughlin, M. W., Coulter, D. A., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Dietrich, T., Dimitriadis, G., Drout, M. R., Elias, J. H., Farr, B., Fernandez, R., Filippenko, A. V., Fong, W., Fragos, T., Frail, D. A., Freedman, W. L., Fryer, C. L., Golkhou, V. Z., Hiramatsu, D., Hjorth, J., Horesh, A., Hosseinzadeh, G., Hotokezaka, K., Howell, D. A., Hung, T., Jones, D. O., Kalogera, V., Kasen, D., Kerzendorf, W. E., Kilpatrick, C. D., Kirshner, R. P., Krisciunas, K., Lattimer, J. M., Lazzati, D., Levan, A. J., MacFadyen, A. I., Maeda, K., Mandel, I., Mandel, K. S., Margalit, B., Margutti, R., McIver, J., Metzger, B. D., Mooley, K., Moriya, T., Murguia-Berthier, A., Narayan, G., Nicholl, M., Nissanke, S., Nomoto, K., O'Meara, J. M., O'Shaughnessy, R., O'Connor, E., Palmese, A., Pan, Y. -C., Pankow, C., Paterson, K., Perley, D. A., Perna, R., Piro, A. L., Pritchard, T. A., Quataert, E., Radice, D., Ramirez-Ruiz, E., Reddy, S., Rest, A., Riess, A. G., Rodriguez, C. L., Rojas-Bravo, C., Rossi, E. M., Rosswog, S., Ruiz, M., Shapiro, S. L., Shoemaker, D. H., Siebert, M. R., Siegel, D. M., Siellez, K., Smith, N., Soares-Santos, M., Suntzeff, N. B., Surman, R., Tanaka, M., Tanvir, N. R., Terreran, G., Valenti, S., Villar, V. A., Wang, L., Webb, S. A., Wheeler, J. C., Williams, P. K. G., Woosley, S., Zaldarriaga, M., and Zevin, M.

Abstract

As of today, we have directly detected exactly one source in both gravitational waves (GWs) and electromagnetic (EM) radiation, the binary neutron star merger GW170817, its associated gamma-ray burst GRB170817A, and the subsequent kilonova SSS17a/AT 2017gfo. Within ten years, we will detect hundreds of events, including new classes of events such as neutron-star-black-hole mergers, core-collapse supernovae, and almost certainly something completely unexpected. As we build this sample, we will explore exotic astrophysical topics ranging from nucleosynthesis, stellar evolution, general relativity, high-energy astrophysics, nuclear matter, to cosmology. The discovery potential is extraordinary, and investments in this area will yield major scientific breakthroughs. Here we outline some of the most exciting scientific questions that can be answered by combining GW and EM observations., Comment: submitted to Astro2020

Published
2019

216. SN 2016iet: The Pulsational or Pair Instability Explosion of a Low Metallicity Massive CO Core Embedded in a Dense Hydrogen-Poor Circumstellar Medium

Author

Gomez, Sebastian, Berger, Edo, Nicholl, Matt, Blanchard, Peter K., Villar, V. Ashley, Patton, Locke, Chornock, Ryan, Leja, Joel, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Cowperthwaite, Philip S., Gomez, Sebastian, Berger, Edo, Nicholl, Matt, Blanchard, Peter K., Villar, V. Ashley, Patton, Locke, Chornock, Ryan, Leja, Joel, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, and Cowperthwaite, Philip S.

Abstract

We present optical photometry and spectroscopy of SN 2016iet, an unprecedented Type I supernova (SN) at $z=0.0676$ with no obvious analog in the existing literature. The peculiar light curve has two roughly equal brightness peaks ($\approx -19$ mag) separated by 100 days, and a subsequent slow decline by 5 mag in 650 rest-frame days. The spectra are dominated by emission lines of calcium and oxygen, with a width of only $3400$ km s$^{-1}$, superposed on a strong blue continuum in the first year, and with a large ratio of $L_{\rm [Ca\,II]}/L_{\rm [O\,I]}\approx 4$ at late times. There is no clear evidence for hydrogen or helium associated with the SN at any phase. We model the light curves with several potential energy sources: radioactive decay, central engine, and circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction. Regardless of the model, the inferred progenitor mass near the end of its life (i.e., CO core mass) is $\gtrsim 55$ M$_\odot$ and up to $120$ M$_\odot$, placing the event in the regime of pulsational pair instability supernovae (PPISNe) or pair instability supernovae (PISNe). The models of CSM interaction provide the most consistent explanation for the light curves and spectra, and require a CSM mass of $\approx 35$ M$_\odot$ ejected in the final decade before explosion. We further find that SN 2016iet is located at an unusually large offset ($16.5$ kpc) from its low metallicity dwarf host galaxy ($Z\approx 0.1$ Z$_\odot$, $M\approx 10^{8.5}$ M$_\odot$), supporting the PPISN/PISN interpretation. In the final spectrum, we detect narrow H$\alpha$ emission at the SN location, likely due to a dim underlying galaxy host or an H II region. Despite the overall consistency of the SN and its unusual environment with PPISNe and PISNe, we find that the inferred properties of SN\,2016iet challenge existing models of such events., Comment: 26 Pages, 17 Figures, Submitted to ApJ

Published
2019
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217. Astrobites as a Community-led Model for Education, Science Communication, and Accessibility in Astrophysics

Author

Sub String Theory Cosmology and ElemPart, Theoretical Physics, Khullar, Gourav, Kohler, Susanna, Konchady, Tarini, Foley, Mike, Hornsby, Amber L., Reyes, Mithi A. de los, Chisari, Nora Elisa, Villar, V. Ashley, Shin, Kaitlyn, Doughty, Caitlin, Shipp, Nora, Ramasawmy, Joanna, Penoyre, Zephyr, Lichtenberg, Tim, Storey-Fisher, Kate, Hall, Oliver, Lewis, Briley, Pearlman, Aaron B., Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro, Bridge, Joanna S., González-Egea, Elena, Panwar, Vatsal, Slepian, Zachary, Zimmerman, Mara, Sub String Theory Cosmology and ElemPart, Theoretical Physics, Khullar, Gourav, Kohler, Susanna, Konchady, Tarini, Foley, Mike, Hornsby, Amber L., Reyes, Mithi A. de los, Chisari, Nora Elisa, Villar, V. Ashley, Shin, Kaitlyn, Doughty, Caitlin, Shipp, Nora, Ramasawmy, Joanna, Penoyre, Zephyr, Lichtenberg, Tim, Storey-Fisher, Kate, Hall, Oliver, Lewis, Briley, Pearlman, Aaron B., Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro, Bridge, Joanna S., González-Egea, Elena, Panwar, Vatsal, Slepian, Zachary, and Zimmerman, Mara

Published
2019

218. Outcomes of Patients Presenting with Mild Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Insights from the LUNG SAFE Study

Author

Pham, Tài, Serpa Neto, Ary, Pelosi, Paolo, Laffey, John Gerard, De Haro, Candelaria, Lorente, Jose Angel, Bellani, Giacomo, Fan, Eddy, Brochard, Laurent Jean, Pesenti, Antonio, Schultz, Marcus Josephu, Artigas, Antonio, Esteban, A., Gattinoni, L., Van, Haren, F., Larsson, A., Mcauley, D. F., Ranieri, M., Rubenfeld, G., Thompson, B. T., Wrigge, H., Slutsky, A. S., Rio, F., Sottiaux, T., Depuydt, P., Lora, F. S., Azevedo, L. C., Bugedo, G., Qiu, Montini, Luca, G, L. P., Bettini, L. R., Bisso, M. C., Osman, E. M., Setten, M. G., Lovazzano, P., Alvarez, J., Villar, V., Pozo, N. C., Grubissich, N., Plotnikow, G. A., Vasquez, D. N., Ilutovich, S., Tiribelli, N., Chena, A., Pellegrini, C. A., Saenz, M. G., Estenssoro, E., Brizuela, M., Gianinetto, H., Gomez, P. E., Cerrato, V. I., Bezzi, M. G., Borello, S. A., Loiacono, F. A., Fernandez, A. M., Knowles, S., Reynolds, C., Inskip, D. M., Miller, J. J., Kong, J., Whitehead, C., Bihari, S., Seven, A., Krstevski, A., Rodgers, H. J., Millar, R. T., Mckenna, T. E., Bailey, I. M., Hanlon, G. C., Aneman, A., Lynch, J. M., Azad, R., Neal, J., Woods, P. W., Roberts, B. L., Kol, M. R., Wong, H. S., Riss, K. C., Staudinger, T., Wittebole, X., Berghe, C., Bulpa, P. A., Dive, A. M., Verstraete, R., Lebbinck, H., Depuydt, P., Vermassen, J., Meersseman, P., Ceunen, H., Rosa, J. I., Beraldo, D. O., Piras, C., Rampinelli, A. M., Nassar, A. P., Mataloun, S., Moock, M., Thompson, M. M., Gonçalves, C. H., Antônio, Acp., Ascoli, A., Biondi, R. S., Fontenele, D. C., Nobrega, D., Sales, V. M., Bin Hj Abul, Wahab, A. Y., Ismail, M., Shindhe, S., Beloncle, F., Davie, K. G., Cirone, R., Manoharan, V., Ismail, M., Goligher, E. C., Jassal, M., Nishikawa, E., Javeed, A., Curley, G., Rittayamai, N., Parotto, M., Ferguson, N. D., Mehta, S., Knoll, J., Pronovost, A., Canestrini, S., Bruhn, A. R., Garcia, P. H., Aliaga, F. A., Faría, P. A., Yumha, J. S., Ortiz, C. A., Sala, J. E., Saez, A. A., Vega, L. D., Labarca, E. F., Martinez, F. T., Carreño, N. G., Lora, P., Liu, H., Qiu, H., Liu, L., Tang, R., Luo, X., An, Y., Zhao, H., Gao, Y., Zhai, Z., Ye, Z. L., Wang, W., Li, Q., Zheng, R., Yu, W., Shen, J., Li, X., Yu, T., Lu, W., Wu, Y. Q., Huang, X. B., He, Z., Lu, Y., Han, H., Zhang, F., Sun, R., Wang, H. X., Qin, S. H., Zhu, B. H., Zhao, J., Liu, B., Liu, J. L., Zhou, F. C., Li, Q. J., Zhang, X. Y., Li-Xin, Z., Xin-Hua, Q., Jiang, L., Gao, Y. N., Zhao, X. Y., Li, Y. Y., Li, X. L., Wang, C., Yao, Q., Yu, R., Chen, K., Shao, H., Qin, B., Huang, Q. Q., Zhu, W. H., Hang, A. Y., Hua, M. X., Li, Y., Xu, Y., Di, Y. D., Ling, L. L., Qin, T. H., Wang, S. H., Qin, J., Han, Y., Zhou, S., Varga, M., P., Silesky, Jimenez, J., I., González, Roja, M. A., Solis-Quesada, J. E., Ramirez-Alfaro, C. M., Máca, J., Sklienka, P., Gjedst, Zani, G., Fusari, M., Spadaro, S., Volta, C. A., Graziani, R., Brunettini, B., Palmese, S., Formenti, P., Umbrello, M., Lombardo, A., Pecci, E., Botteri, M., Savioli, M., Protti, A., Mattei, A., Schiavoni, L., Tinnirello, A., Todeschini, M., Giarratano, A., Cortegiani, A., Sher, S., Rossi, A., Antonelli, Massimo, Montini, L., Casalena, P., Scafetti, S., Panarello, G., Occhipinti, G., Patroniti, N., Pozzi, M., Biscione, R. R., Poli, M. M., Raimondi, F., Albiero, D., Crapelli, G., Beck, E., Pota, V., Schiavone, V., Molin, A., Tarantino, F., Monti, G., Frati, E., Mirabella, L., Cinnella, G., Fossali, T., Colombo, R., Pattarino, Pti., Mojoli, F., Braschi, A., Borotto, E. E., Cracchiolo, A. N., Palma, D. M., Raponi, F., Foti, G., Vascotto, E. R., Coppadoro, A., Brazzi, L., Floris, L., Iotti, G. A., Venti, Montini Luca (ORCID:0000-0003-4602-5134), Antonelli, M (ORCID:0000-0003-3007-1670), Pham, Tài, Serpa Neto, Ary, Pelosi, Paolo, Laffey, John Gerard, De Haro, Candelaria, Lorente, Jose Angel, Bellani, Giacomo, Fan, Eddy, Brochard, Laurent Jean, Pesenti, Antonio, Schultz, Marcus Josephu, Artigas, Antonio, Esteban, A., Gattinoni, L., Van, Haren, F., Larsson, A., Mcauley, D. F., Ranieri, M., Rubenfeld, G., Thompson, B. T., Wrigge, H., Slutsky, A. S., Rio, F., Sottiaux, T., Depuydt, P., Lora, F. S., Azevedo, L. C., Bugedo, G., Qiu, Montini, Luca, G, L. P., Bettini, L. R., Bisso, M. C., Osman, E. M., Setten, M. G., Lovazzano, P., Alvarez, J., Villar, V., Pozo, N. C., Grubissich, N., Plotnikow, G. A., Vasquez, D. N., Ilutovich, S., Tiribelli, N., Chena, A., Pellegrini, C. A., Saenz, M. G., Estenssoro, E., Brizuela, M., Gianinetto, H., Gomez, P. E., Cerrato, V. I., Bezzi, M. G., Borello, S. A., Loiacono, F. A., Fernandez, A. M., Knowles, S., Reynolds, C., Inskip, D. M., Miller, J. J., Kong, J., Whitehead, C., Bihari, S., Seven, A., Krstevski, A., Rodgers, H. J., Millar, R. T., Mckenna, T. E., Bailey, I. M., Hanlon, G. C., Aneman, A., Lynch, J. M., Azad, R., Neal, J., Woods, P. W., Roberts, B. L., Kol, M. R., Wong, H. S., Riss, K. C., Staudinger, T., Wittebole, X., Berghe, C., Bulpa, P. A., Dive, A. M., Verstraete, R., Lebbinck, H., Depuydt, P., Vermassen, J., Meersseman, P., Ceunen, H., Rosa, J. I., Beraldo, D. O., Piras, C., Rampinelli, A. M., Nassar, A. P., Mataloun, S., Moock, M., Thompson, M. M., Gonçalves, C. H., Antônio, Acp., Ascoli, A., Biondi, R. S., Fontenele, D. C., Nobrega, D., Sales, V. M., Bin Hj Abul, Wahab, A. Y., Ismail, M., Shindhe, S., Beloncle, F., Davie, K. G., Cirone, R., Manoharan, V., Ismail, M., Goligher, E. C., Jassal, M., Nishikawa, E., Javeed, A., Curley, G., Rittayamai, N., Parotto, M., Ferguson, N. D., Mehta, S., Knoll, J., Pronovost, A., Canestrini, S., Bruhn, A. R., Garcia, P. H., Aliaga, F. A., Faría, P. A., Yumha, J. S., Ortiz, C. A., Sala, J. E., Saez, A. A., Vega, L. D., Labarca, E. F., Martinez, F. T., Carreño, N. G., Lora, P., Liu, H., Qiu, H., Liu, L., Tang, R., Luo, X., An, Y., Zhao, H., Gao, Y., Zhai, Z., Ye, Z. L., Wang, W., Li, Q., Zheng, R., Yu, W., Shen, J., Li, X., Yu, T., Lu, W., Wu, Y. Q., Huang, X. B., He, Z., Lu, Y., Han, H., Zhang, F., Sun, R., Wang, H. X., Qin, S. H., Zhu, B. H., Zhao, J., Liu, B., Liu, J. L., Zhou, F. C., Li, Q. J., Zhang, X. Y., Li-Xin, Z., Xin-Hua, Q., Jiang, L., Gao, Y. N., Zhao, X. Y., Li, Y. Y., Li, X. L., Wang, C., Yao, Q., Yu, R., Chen, K., Shao, H., Qin, B., Huang, Q. Q., Zhu, W. H., Hang, A. Y., Hua, M. X., Li, Y., Xu, Y., Di, Y. D., Ling, L. L., Qin, T. H., Wang, S. H., Qin, J., Han, Y., Zhou, S., Varga, M., P., Silesky, Jimenez, J., I., González, Roja, M. A., Solis-Quesada, J. E., Ramirez-Alfaro, C. M., Máca, J., Sklienka, P., Gjedst, Zani, G., Fusari, M., Spadaro, S., Volta, C. A., Graziani, R., Brunettini, B., Palmese, S., Formenti, P., Umbrello, M., Lombardo, A., Pecci, E., Botteri, M., Savioli, M., Protti, A., Mattei, A., Schiavoni, L., Tinnirello, A., Todeschini, M., Giarratano, A., Cortegiani, A., Sher, S., Rossi, A., Antonelli, Massimo, Montini, L., Casalena, P., Scafetti, S., Panarello, G., Occhipinti, G., Patroniti, N., Pozzi, M., Biscione, R. R., Poli, M. M., Raimondi, F., Albiero, D., Crapelli, G., Beck, E., Pota, V., Schiavone, V., Molin, A., Tarantino, F., Monti, G., Frati, E., Mirabella, L., Cinnella, G., Fossali, T., Colombo, R., Pattarino, Pti., Mojoli, F., Braschi, A., Borotto, E. E., Cracchiolo, A. N., Palma, D. M., Raponi, F., Foti, G., Vascotto, E. R., Coppadoro, A., Brazzi, L., Floris, L., Iotti, G. A., Venti, Montini Luca (ORCID:0000-0003-4602-5134), and Antonelli, M (ORCID:0000-0003-3007-1670)

Abstract

WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT THIS TOPIC: Hospital mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome is approximately 40%, but mortality and trajectory in "mild" acute respiratory distress syndrome (classified only since 2012) are unknown, and many cases are not detected WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: Approximately 80% of cases of mild acute respiratory distress syndrome persist or worsen in the first week; in all cases, the mortality is substantial (30%) and is higher (37%) in those in whom the acute respiratory distress syndrome progresses BACKGROUND:: Patients with initial mild acute respiratory distress syndrome are often underrecognized and mistakenly considered to have low disease severity and favorable outcomes. They represent a relatively poorly characterized population that was only classified as having acute respiratory distress syndrome in the most recent definition. Our primary objective was to describe the natural course and the factors associated with worsening and mortality in this population. METHODS: This study analyzed patients from the international prospective Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) who had initial mild acute respiratory distress syndrome in the first day of inclusion. This study defined three groups based on the evolution of severity in the first week: "worsening" if moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria were met, "persisting" if mild acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria were the most severe category, and "improving" if patients did not fulfill acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria any more from day 2. RESULTS: Among 580 patients with initial mild acute respiratory distress syndrome, 18% (103 of 580) continuously improved, 36% (210 of 580) had persisting mild acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 46% (267 of 580) worsened in the first week after acute respiratory distress syndrome onset. Global in-hospital mortality

Published
2019

221. Autowaves for image processing on a two-dimensional CNN array of excitable nonlinear circuits: flat and wrinkled labyrinths

Author

Perez-Munuzuri, V., Perez-Villar, V., and Chua, Leon O.

Subjects
Neural networks -- Research, Image processing -- Research, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

We describe a two-dimensional CNN array of resistively coupled Chua's circuits which can be designed to implement some elementary aspects of spatial recognition, namely, recognizing open curves from closed ones and locating the shortest path between two locations. In the latter, two situations are analyzed: flat and wrinkled surfaces. The two-dimensional CNN array of Chua's circuits is shown, for the first time, to be capable of finding the shortest path between two points on a wrinkled labyrinth. The performance of this parallel processing approach was examined using computer simulations although this method can be implemented in real time via VLSI technology.

Published
1993

226. Intento suicida, riesgo suicida y factores de riesgo asociados en estudiantes de Medicina: Una revisión sistemática.

Author

Reyes P., Marcela, Villar V., Nicolás, and Sotomayor B., Pablo

Abstract

Introduction: Suicide is the third leading cause of death among the population in the 15-29 age range, 2.2% "have seriously thought about committing suicide." Suicidal behavior is defined as that behavior in which the patient intentionally seeks to harm himself in order to end his own life. Within the age range of concern, is the university population, being a group of great relevance medical students, according to WHO studies they estimate the incidence of depression in 27.2% of medical students while suicidal ideation it reaches 11.1%, higher than the 8% prevalence in young people of the general population. Review body: Various studies have been carried out both in Latin America and around the world in the general university population where to develop psychiatric pathology, which corresponds to the main risk factor to commit suicide such as stressors in the university population in general, including long study days, burnout, high workload and financial pressure. With regard to medical students, they show that close to half (45-56%) of medical students experience burnout syndrome, which increases as the career years go by, and between 35-45% present high emotional fatigue. Conclusion: Medical students are determined as a risk group for suffering from psychiatric diseases and therefore commit suicide, it is imperative to implement an early diagnosis and be able to carry out a prompt intervent [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

227. The Binary Neutron Star event LIGO/VIRGO GW170817 a hundred and sixty days after merger: synchrotron emission across the electromagnetic spectrum

Author

Margutti, Raffaella, Alexander, K. D., Xie, X., Sironi, L., Metzger, B. D., Kathirgamaraju, A., Fong, W., Blanchard, P. K., Berger, E., MacFadyen, A., Giannios, D., Guidorzi, C., Hajela, A., Chornock, R., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Eftekhari, T., Nicholl, M., Villar, V. A., Williams, P. K. G., and Zrake, J.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We report deep Chandra, HST and VLA observations of the binary neutron star event GW170817 at $t, Comment: Updated with the latest VLA and Chandra data

Published
2018

228. How Many Kilonovae Can Be Found in Past, Present, and Future Survey Data Sets?

Author

Scolnic, D., Kessler, R., Brout, D., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Soares-Santos, M., Annis, J., Herner, K., Chen, H. Y., Sako, M., Doctor, Z., Butler, R. E., Palmese, A., Diehl, H. T., Frieman, J., Holz, D. E., Berger, E., Chornock, R., Villar, V. A., Nicholl, M., Biswas, R., Hounsell, R., Foley, R. J., Metzger, J., Rest, A., García-Bellido, J., Möller, A., Nugent, P., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., D Andrea, C. B., Da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Enrique Gaztanaga, Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, R. C., Tucker, D. L., Walker, A. R., Collaboration, D. E. S., Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Computer science, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Kilonova, 01 natural sciences, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], stars: neutron, neutron [stars], 0103 physical sciences, supernova, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Deep drilling, LIGO, 010306 general physics, numerical calculations, neutron star, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, activity report, gravitational radiation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Redshift, Supernova, VIRGO, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomical and Space Sciences, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The discovery of a kilonova (KN) associated with the Advanced LIGO (aLIGO)/Virgo event GW170817 opens up new avenues of multi-messenger astrophysics. Here, using realistic simulations, we provide estimates of the number of KNe that could be found in data from past, present and future surveys without a gravitational-wave trigger. For the simulation, we construct a spectral time-series model based on the DES-GW multi-band light-curve from the single known KN event, and we use an average of BNS rates from past studies of $10^3 \rm{Gpc}^{-3}/\rm{year}$, consistent with the $1$ event found so far. Examining past and current datasets from transient surveys, the number of KNe we expect to find for ASAS-SN, SDSS, PS1, SNLS, DES, and SMT is between 0 and $0.3$. We predict the number of detections per future survey to be: 8.3 from ATLAS, 10.6 from ZTF, 5.5/69 from LSST (the Deep Drilling / Wide Fast Deep), and 16.0 from WFIRST. The maximum redshift of KNe discovered for each survey is z = 0.8 for WFIRST, z = 0.25 for LSST and z = 0.04 for ZTF and ATLAS. For the LSST survey, we also provide contamination estimates from Type Ia and Core-collapse supernovae: after light-curve and template-matching requirements, we estimate a background of just 2 events. More broadly, we stress that future transient surveys should consider how to optimize their search strategies to improve their detection efficiency, and to consider similar analyses for GW follow-up programs., Comment: Submitted to ApJL

Published
2018
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230. Correction to: Potentially modifiable factors contributing to outcome from acute respiratory distress syndrome: the LUNG SAFE study (Intensive Care Medicine, (2016), 42, 12, (1865-1876), 10.1007/s00134-016-4571-5)

Author

Laffey, J. G., Bellani, G., Pham, T., Fan, E., Madotto, F., Bajwa, E. K., Brochard, L., Clarkson, K., Esteban, A., Gattinoni, L., van Haren, F., Heunks, L. M., Kurahashi, K., Laake, J. H., Larsson, A., Mcauley, D. F., Mcnamee, L., Nin, N., Qiu, H., Ranieri, M., Rubenfeld, G. D., Thompson, B. T., Wrigge, H., Slutsky, A. S., Pesenti, A., Francois, G. M., Rabboni, F., Conti, S., Theresa, U. M., Sula, H., Nunci, L., Cani, A., Zazu, A., Dellera, C., Insaurralde, C. S., Alejandro, R. V., Daldin, J., Vinzio, M., Fernandez, R. O., Cardonnet, L. P., Bettini, L. R., Bisso, M. C., Osman, E. M., Setten, M. G., Lovazzano, P., Alvarez, J., Villar, V., Pozo, N. C., Grubissich, N., Plotnikow, G. A., Vasquez, D. N., Ilutovich, S., Tiribelli, N., Chena, A., Pellegrini, C. A., Saenz, M. G., Estenssoro, E., Brizuela, M., Gianinetto, H., Gomez, P. E., Cerrato, V. I., Bezzi, M. G., Borello, S. A., Loiacono, F. A., Fernandez, A. M., Knowles, S., Reynolds, C., Inskip, D. M., Miller, J. J., Kong, J., Whitehead, C., Bihari, S., Seven, A., Krstevski, A., Rodgers, H. J., Millar, R. T., Mckenna, T. E., Bailey, I. M., Hanlon, G. C., Aneman, A., Lynch, J. M., Azad, R., Neal, J., Woods, P. W., Roberts, B. L., Kol, M. R., Wong, H. S., Riss, K. C., Staudinger, T., Wittebole, X., Berghe, C., Bulpa, P. A., Dive, A. M., Verstraete, R., Lebbinck, H., Depuydt, P., Vermassen, J., Meersseman, P., Ceunen, H., Rosa, J. I., Beraldo, D. O., Piras, C., Rampinelli, A. M., Nassar, A. P., Mataloun, S., Moock, M., Thompson, M. M., Goncalves, C. H., Antonio, A. C. P., Ascoli, A., Biondi, R. S., Fontenele, D. C., Nobrega, D., Sales, V. M., Shindhe, S., Aiman, M., Ismail, B. P. H., Beloncle, F., Davies, K. G., Cirone, R., Manoharan, V., Ismail, M., Goligher, E. C., Jassal, M., Nishikawa, E., Javeed, A., Curley, G., Rittayamai, N., Parotto, M., Ferguson, N. D., Mehta, S., Knoll, J., Pronovost, A., Canestrini, S., Bruhn, A. R., Garcia, P. H., Aliaga, F. A., Farias, P. A., Yumha, J. S., Ortiz, C. A., Salas, J. E., Saez, A. A., Vega, L. D., Labarca, E. F., Martinez, F. T., Carreno, N. G., Lora, P., Liu, H., Liu, L., Tang, R., Luo, X., An, Y., Zhao, H., Gao, Y., Zhai, Z., Z. L., Ye, Wang, W., Li, W., Li, Q., Zheng, R., Yu, W., Shen, J., Li, X., Yu, T., Lu, W., Y. Q., Wu, Huang, X. B., He, Z., Lu, Y., Han, H., Zhang, F., Sun, R., Wang, H. X., Qin, S. H., Zhu, B. H., Zhao, J., Liu, J., Li, B., Liu, J. L., Zhou, F. C., Q. J., Li, Zhang, X. Y., Li-Xin, Z., Xin-Hua, Q., Jiang, L., Gao, Y. N., Zhao, X. Y., Y. Y., Li, X. L., Li, Wang, C., Yao, Q., Yu, R., Chen, K., Shao, H., Qin, B., Huang, Q. Q., Zhu, W. H., Hang, A. Y., Hua, M. X., Li, Y., Xu, Y., Y. D., Di, Ling, L. L., Qin, T. H., Wang, S. H., Qin, J., Han, Y., Zhou, S., Vargas, M. P., Silesky Jimenez, J. I., Gonzalez Rojas, M. A., Solis-Quesada, J. E., Ramirez-Alfaro, C. M., Maca, J., Sklienka, P., Gjedsted, J., Christiansen, A., Nielsen, J., Villamagua, B. G., Llano, M., Burtin, P., Buzancais, G., Beuret, P., Pelletier, N., Mortaza, S., Mercat, A., Chelly, J., Jochmans, S., Terzi, N., Daubin, C., Carteaux, G., de Prost, N., Chiche, J. -D., Daviaud, F., Fartoukh, M., Barberet, G., Biehler, J., Dellamonica, J., Doyen, D., Arnal, J. -M., Briquet, A., Hraiech, S., Papazian, L., Follin, A., Roux, D., Messika, J., Kalaitzis, E., Dangers, L., Combes, A., S. -M., Au, Beduneau, G., Carpentier, D., Zogheib, E. H., Dupont, H., Ricome, S., Santoli, F. L., Besset, S. L., Michel, P., Gelee, B., Danin, P. -E., Goubaux, B., Crova, P. J., Phan, N. T., Berkelmans, F., Badie, J. C., Tapponnier, R., Gally, J., Khebbeb, S., Herbrecht, J. -E., Schneider, F., Declercq, P. -L. M., Rigaud, J. -P., Duranteau, J., Harrois, A., Chabanne, R., Marin, J., Bigot, C., Thibault, S., Ghazi, M., Boukhazna, M., Zein, S. O., Richecoeur, J. R., Combaux, D. M., Grelon, F., Le Moal, C., Sauvadet, E. P., Robine, A., Lemiale, V., Reuter, D., Dres, M., Demoule, A., Goldgran-Toledano, D., Baboi, L., Guerin, C., Lohner, R., Krassler, J., Schafer, S., Zacharowski, K. D., Meybohm, P., Reske, A. W., Simon, P., Hopf, H. -B. F., Schuetz, M., Baltus, T., Papanikolaou, M. N., Papavasilopoulou, T. G., Zacharas, G. A., Ourailogloy, V., Mouloudi, E. K., Massa, E. V., Nagy, E. O., Stamou, E. E., Kiourtzieva, E. V., Oikonomou, M. A., Avila, L. E., Cortez, C. A., Citalan, J. E., Jog, S. A., Sable, S. D., Shah, B., Gurjar, M., Baronia, A. K., Memon, M., Muthuchellappan, R., Ramesh, V. J., Shenoy, A., Unnikrishnan, R., Dixit, S. B., Rhayakar, R. V., Ramakrishnan, N., Bhardwaj, V. K., Mahto, H. L., Sagar, S. V., Palaniswamy, V., Ganesan, D., Hashemian, S. M., Jamaati, H., Heidari, F., Meaney, E. A., Nichol, A., Knapman, K. M., O'Croinin, D., Dunne, E. S., Breen, D. M., Clarkson, K. P., Jaafar, R. F., Dwyer, R., Amir, F., Ajetunmobi, O. O., O'Muircheartaigh, A. C., Black, C. S., Treanor, N., Collins, D. V., Altaf, W., Zani, G., Fusari, M., Spadaro, S., Volta, C. A., Graziani, R., Brunettini, B., Palmese, S., Formenti, P., Umbrello, M., Lombardo, A., Pecci, E., Botteri, M., Savioli, M., Protti, A., Mattei, A., Schiavoni, L., Tinnirello, A., Todeschini, M., Giarratano, A., Cortegiani, A., Sher, S., Rossi, A., Antonelli, M. M., Montini, L. M., Casalena, P., Scafetti, S., Panarello, G., Occhipinti, G., Patroniti, N., Pozzi, M., Biscione, R. R., Poli, M. M., Raimondi, F., Albiero, D., Crapelli, G., Beck, E., Pota, V., Schiavone, V., Molin, A., Tarantino, F., Monti, G., Frati, E., Mirabella, L., Cinnella, G., Fossali, T., Colombo, R., Pattarino, P. T. I., Mojoli, F., Braschi, A., Borotto, E. E., Cracchiolo, A. N., Palma, D. M., Raponi, F., Foti, G., Vascotto, E. R., Coppadoro, A., Brazzi, L., Floris, L., Iotti, G. A., Venti, A., Yamaguchi, O., Takagi, S., Maeyama, H. N., Watanabe, E., Yamaji, Y., Shimizu, K., Shiozaki, K., Futami, S., Ryosuke, S., Saito, K., Kameyama, Y., Ueno, K., Izawa, M., Okuda, N., Suzuki, H., Harasawa, T., Nasu, M., Takada, T., Ito, F., Nunomiya, S., Koyama, K., Abe, T., Andoh, K., Kusumoto, K., Hirata, A., Takaba, A., Kimura, H., Matsumoto, S., Higashijima, U., Honda, H., Aoki, N., Imai, H., Ogino, Y., Mizuguchi, I., Ichikado, K., Nitta, K., Mochizuki, K., Hashida, T., Tanaka, H., Nakamura, T., Niimi, D., Ueda, T., Kashiwa, Y., Uchiyama, A., Sabelnikovs, O., Oss, P., Haddad, Y., Liew, K. Y., Namendys-Silva, S. A., Jarquin-Badiola, Y. D., Sanchez-Hurtado, L. A., Gomez-Flores, S. S., Marin, M. C., Villagomez, A. J., Lemus, J. S., Fierro, J. M., Cervantes, M. R., Mejia, F. J. F., Dector, D., Dector, D. M., Gonzalez, D. R., Estrella, C. R., Sanchez-Medina, J. R., Ramirez-Gutierrez, A., George, F. G., Aguirre, J. S., Buensuseso, J. A., Poblano, M., Dendane, T., Zeggwagh, A. A., Balkhi, H., Elkhayari, M., Samkaoui, N., Ezzouine, H., Benslama, A., Amor, M., Maazouzi, W., Cimic, N., Beck, O., Bruns, M. M., Schouten, J. A., Rinia, M., Raaijmakers, M., Van Wezel, H. M., Heines, S. J., Strauch, U., Buise, M. P., Simonis, F. D., Schultz, M. J., Goodson, J. C., Browne, T. S., Navarra, L., Hunt, A., Hutchison, R. A., Bailey, M. B., Newby, L., Mcarthur, C., Kalkoff, M., Mcleod, A., Casement, J., Hacking, D. J., Andersen, F. H., Dolva, M. S., Barratt-Due, A., Noremark, K. A. L., Soreide, E., Sjobo, B. A., Guttormsen, A. B., Leon Yoshido, H. H., Aguilar, R. Z., Montes Oscanoa, F. A., Alisasis, A. U., Robles, J. B., Pasanting-Lim, R. A. B., Tan, B. C., Andruszkiewicz, P., Jakubowska, K., Coxo, C. M., Alvarez, A. M., Oliveira, B. S., Montanha, G. M., Barros, N. C., Pereira, C. S., Messias, A. M., Monteiro, J. M., Araujo, A. M., Catorze, N. T., Marum, S. M., Bouw, M. J., Gomes, R. M., Brito, V. A., Castro, S., Estilita, J. M., Barros, F. M., Serra, I. M., Martinho, A. 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A., Abroug, F., Dempaire, G., Brazzi, L, Laffey, John G., Bellani, Giacomo, Pham, Tài, Fan, Eddy, Madotto, Fabiana, Bajwa, Ednan K., Brochard, Laurent, Clarkson, Kevin, Esteban, Andre, Gattinoni, Luciano, van Haren, Frank, Heunks, Leo M., Kurahashi, Kiyoyasu, Laake, Jon Henrik, Larsson, Ander, McAuley, Daniel F., McNamee, Lia, Nin, Nicola, Qiu, Haibo, Ranieri, Marco, Rubenfeld, Gordon D., Thompson, B. Taylor, Wrigge, Hermann, Slutsky, Arthur S., Pesenti, Antonio, Francois, Guy M., Rabboni, Francesca, Conti, Sara, Theresa, Uhc Mother, Sula, Hektor, Nunci, Lordian, Cani, Alma, Zazu, Alan, Dellera, Christian, Insaurralde, Carolina S., Alejandro, Risso V., Daldin, Julio, Vinzio, Mauricio, Fernandez, Ruben O., Cardonnet, Luis P., Bettini, Lisandro R., Bisso, Mariano Carboni, Osman, Emilio M., Setten, Mariano G., Lovazzano, Pablo, Alvarez, Javier, Villar, Veronica, Pozo, Norberto C., Grubissich, Nicola, Plotnikow, Gustavo A., Vasquez, Daniela N., Ilutovich, Santiago, Tiribelli, Norberto, Chena, Ariel, Pellegrini, Carlos A., Saenz, María G., Estenssoro, Elisa, Brizuela, Matia, Gianinetto, Hernan, Gomez, Pablo E., Cerrato, Valeria I., Bezzi, Marco G., Borello, Silvina A., Loiacono, Flavia A., Fernandez, Adriana M., Knowles, Serena, Reynolds, Claire, Inskip, Deborah M., Miller, Jennene J., Kong, Jing, Whitehead, Christina, Bihari, Shailesh, Seven, Aylin, Krstevski, Amanda, Rodgers, Helen J., Millar, Rebecca T., Mckenna, Toni E., Bailey, Irene M., Hanlon, Gabrielle C., Aneman, Ander, Lynch, Joan M., Azad, Raman, Neal, John, Woods, Paul W., Roberts, Brigit L., Kol, Mark R., Wong, Helen S., Riss, Katharina C., Staudinger, Thoma, Wittebole, Xavier, Berghe, Caroline, Bulpa, Pierre A., Dive, Alain M., Verstraete, Rik, Lebbinck, Herve, Depuydt, Pieter, Vermassen, Jori, Meersseman, Philippe, Ceunen, Helga, Rosa, Jonas I., Beraldo, Daniel O., Piras, Claudio, Rampinelli, Adenilton M., Nassar, Antonio P., Mataloun, Sergio, Moock, Marcelo, Thompson, Marlus M., Gonçalves, Claudio H., Antônio, Ana Carolina P., Ascoli, Aline, Biondi, Rodrigo S., Fontenele, Danielle C., Nobrega, Danielle, Sales, Vanessa M., Shindhe, Suresh, Aiman, Maizatul, Ismail, B. Pg Hj, Beloncle, Francoi, Davies, Kyle G., Cirone, Rob, Manoharan, Venika, Ismail, Mehvish, Goligher, Ewan C., Jassal, Mandeep, Nishikawa, Erin, Javeed, Areej, Curley, Gerard, Rittayamai, Nuttapol, Parotto, Matteo, Ferguson, Niall D., Mehta, Sangeeta, Knoll, Jenny, Pronovost, Antoine, Canestrini, Sergio, Bruhn, Alejandro R., Garcia, Patricio H., Aliaga, Felipe A., Farías, Pamela A., Yumha, Jacob S., Ortiz, Claudia A., Salas, Javier E., Saez, Alejandro A., Vega, Luis D., Labarca, Eduardo F., Martinez, Felipe T., Carreño, Nicolás G., Lora, Pilar, Liu, Haitao, Liu, Ling, Tang, Rui, Luo, Xiaoming, An, Youzhong, Zhao, Huiying, Gao, Yan, Zhai, Zhe, Ye, Zheng L., Wang, Wei, Li, Wenwen, Li, Qingdong, Zheng, Ruiqiang, Yu, Wenkui, Shen, Juanhong, Li, Xinyu, Yu, Tao, Lu, Weihua, Wu, Ya Q., Huang, Xiao B., He, Zhenyang, Lu, Yuanhua, Han, Hui, Zhang, Fan, Sun, Renhua, Wang, Hua X., Qin, Shu H., Zhu, Bao H., Zhao, Jun, Liu, Jian, Li, Bin, Liu, Jing L., Zhou, Fa C., Li, Qiong J., Zhang, Xing Y., Li-Xin, Zhou, Xin-Hua, Qiang, Jiang, Liangyan, Gao, Yuan N., Zhao, Xian Y., Li, Yuan Y., Li, Xiao L., Wang, Chunting, Yao, Qingchun, Yu, Rongguo, Chen, Kai, Shao, Huanzhang, Qin, Bingyu, Huang, Qing Q., Zhu, Wei H., Hang, Ai Y., Hua, Ma X., Li, Yimin, Xu, Yonghao, Di, Yu D., Ling, Long L., Qin, Tie H., Wang, Shou H., Qin, Junping, Han, Yi, Zhou, Suming, Vargas, Monica P., Silesky Jimenez, Juan I., González Rojas, Manuel A., Solis-Quesada, Jaime E., Ramirez-Alfaro, Christian M., Máca, Jan, Sklienka, Peter, Gjedsted, Jakob, Christiansen, Aage, Nielsen, Jona, Villamagua, Boris G., Llano, Miguel, Burtin, Philippe, Buzancais, Gautier, Beuret, Pascal, Pelletier, Nicola, Mortaza, Satar, Mercat, Alain, Chelly, Jonathan, Jochmans, Sébastien, Terzi, Nicola, Daubin, Cédric, Carteaux, Guillaume, de Prost, Nicola, Chiche, Jean-Daniel, Daviaud, Fabrice, Fartoukh, Muriel, Barberet, Guillaume, Biehler, Jerome, Dellamonica, Jean, Doyen, Deni, Arnal, Jean-Michel, Briquet, Anai, Hraiech, Sami, Papazian, Laurent, Follin, Arnaud, Roux, Damien, Messika, Jonathan, Kalaitzis, Evangelo, Dangers, Laurence, Combes, Alain, Au, Siu-Ming, Béduneau, Gaetan, Carpentier, Dorothée, Zogheib, Elie H., Dupont, Herve, Ricome, Sylvie, Santoli, Francesco L., Besset, Sebastien L., Michel, Philippe, Gelée, Bruno, Danin, Pierre-Eric, Goubaux, Bernard, Crova, Philippe J., Phan, Nga T., Berkelmans, Frantz, Badie, Julio C., Tapponnier, Romain, Gally, Josette, Khebbeb, Samy, Herbrecht, Jean-Etienne, Schneider, Franci, Declercq, Pierre-Louis M., Rigaud, Jean-Philippe, Duranteau, Jacque, Harrois, Anatole, Chabanne, Russell, Marin, Julien, Bigot, Charlene, Thibault, Sandrine, Ghazi, Mohammed, Boukhazna, Messabi, Zein, Salem Ould, Richecoeur, Jack R., Combaux, Daniele M., Grelon, Fabien, Le Moal, Charlene, Sauvadet, Elise P., Robine, Adrien, Lemiale, Virginie, Reuter, Danielle, Dres, Martin, Demoule, Alexandre, Goldgran-Toledano, Dany, Baboi, Loredana, Guérin, Claude, Lohner, Ralph, Kraßler, Jen, Schäfer, Susanne, Zacharowski, Kai D., Meybohm, Patrick, Reske, Andreas W., Simon, Philipp, Hopf, Hans-Bernd F., Schuetz, Michael, Baltus, Thoma, Papanikolaou, Metaxia N., Papavasilopoulou, Theonymfi G., Zacharas, Giannis A., Ourailogloy, Vasili, Mouloudi, Eleni K., Massa, Eleni V., Nagy, Eva O., Stamou, Electra E., Kiourtzieva, Ellada V., Oikonomou, Marina A., Avila, Luis E., Cortez, Cesar A., Citalán, Johanna E., Jog, Sameer A., Sable, Safal D., Shah, Bhagyesh, Gurjar, Mohan, Baronia, Arvind K., Memon, Mohammedfaruk, Muthuchellappan, Radhakrishnan, Ramesh, Venkatapura J., Shenoy, Anitha, Unnikrishnan, Ramesh, Dixit, Subhal B., Rhayakar, Rachana V., Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan, Bhardwaj, Vallish K., Mahto, Heera L., Sagar, Sudha V., Palaniswamy, Vijayanand, Ganesan, Deeban, Hashemian, Seyed Mohammadreza, Jamaati, Hamidreza, Heidari, Farshad, Meaney, Edel A., Nichol, Alistair, Knapman, Karl M., O’Croinin, Donall, Dunne, Eimhin S., Breen, Dorothy M., Clarkson, Kevin P., Jaafar, Rola F., Dwyer, Rory, Amir, Fahd, Ajetunmobi, Olaitan O., O’Muircheartaigh, Aogan C., Black, Colin S., Treanor, Nuala, Collins, Daniel V., Altaf, Wahid, Zani, Gianluca, Fusari, Maurizio, Spadaro, Savino, Volta, Carlo A., Graziani, Romano, Brunettini, Barbara, Palmese, Salvatore, Formenti, Paolo, Umbrello, Michele, Lombardo, Andrea, Pecci, Elisabetta, Botteri, Marco, Savioli, Monica, Protti, Alessandro, Mattei, Alessia, Schiavoni, Lorenzo, Tinnirello, Andrea, Todeschini, Manuel, Giarratano, Antonino, Cortegiani, Andrea, Sher, Sara, Rossi, Anna, Antonelli, Massimo M., Montini, Luca M., Casalena, Paolo, Scafetti, Sergio, Panarello, Giovanna, Occhipinti, Giovanna, Patroniti, Nicolò, Pozzi, Matteo, Biscione, Roberto R., Poli, Michela M., Raimondi, Ferdinando, Albiero, Daniela, Crapelli, Giulia, Beck, Eduardo, Pota, Vincenzo, Schiavone, Vincenzo, Molin, Alexandre, Tarantino, Fabio, Monti, Giacomo, Frati, Elena, Mirabella, Lucia, Cinnella, Gilda, Fossali, Tommaso, Colombo, Riccardo, Pattarino, Pierpaolo Terragni Ilaria, Mojoli, Francesco, Braschi, Antonio, Borotto, Erika E., Cracchiolo, Andrea N., Palma, Daniela M., Raponi, Francesco, Foti, Giuseppe, Vascotto, Ettore R., Coppadoro, Andrea, Brazzi, Luca, Floris, Leda, Iotti, Giorgio A., Venti, Aaron, Yamaguchi, Osamu, Takagi, Shunsuke, Maeyama, Hiroki N., Watanabe, Eizo, Yamaji, Yoshihiro, Shimizu, Kazuyoshi, Shiozaki, Kyoko, Futami, Satoru, Ryosuke, Sekine, Saito, Koji, Kameyama, Yoshinobu, Ueno, Keiko, Izawa, Masayo, Okuda, Nao, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Harasawa, Tomofumi, Nasu, Michitaka, Takada, Tadaaki, Ito, Fumihito, Nunomiya, Shin, Koyama, Kansuke, Abe, Toshikazu, Andoh, Kohkichi, Kusumoto, Kohei, Hirata, Akira, Takaba, Akihiro, Kimura, Hiroyasu, Matsumoto, Shuhei, Higashijima, Ushio, Honda, Hiroyuki, Aoki, Nobumasa, Imai, Hiroshi, Ogino, Yasuaki, Mizuguchi, Ichiko, Ichikado, Kazuya, Nitta, Kenichi, Mochizuki, Katsunori, Hashida, Tomoaki, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Nakamura, Tomoyuki, Niimi, Daisuke, Ueda, Takeshi, Kashiwa, Yozo, Uchiyama, Akinori, Sabelnikovs, Oleg, Oss, Peteri, Haddad, Youssef, Liew, Kong Y., Ñamendys-Silva, Silvio A., Jarquin-Badiola, Yves D., Sanchez-Hurtado, Luis A., Gomez-Flores, Saira S., Marin, Maria C., Villagomez, Asisclo J., Lemus, Jordana S., Fierro, Jonathan M., Cervantes, Mavy Ramirez, Mejia, Francisco Javier Flore, Dector, Dulce, Dector, Dulce M., Gonzalez, Daniel R., Estrella, Claudia R., Sanchez-Medina, Jorge R., Ramirez-Gutierrez, Alvaro, George, Fernando G., Aguirre, Janet S., Buensuseso, Juan A., Poblano, Manuel, Dendane, Tarek, Zeggwagh, Amine Ali, Balkhi, Hicham, Elkhayari, Mina, Samkaoui, Nacer, Ezzouine, Hanane, Benslama, Abdellatif, Amor, Mourad, Maazouzi, Wajdi, Cimic, Nedim, Beck, Oliver, Bruns, Monique M., Schouten, Jeroen A., Rinia, Myra, Raaijmakers, Monique, Van Wezel, Hellen M., Heines, Serge J., Strauch, Ulrich, Buise, Marc P., Simonis, Fabienne D., Schultz, Marcus J., Goodson, Jennifer C., Browne, Troy S., Navarra, Leanlove, Hunt, Anna, Hutchison, Robyn A., Bailey, Mathew B., Newby, Lynette, Mcarthur, Colin, Kalkoff, Michael, Mcleod, Alex, Casement, Jonathan, Hacking, Danielle J., Andersen, Finn H., Dolva, Merete S., Barratt-Due, Andrea, Noremark, Kim Andre L., Søreide, Eldar, Sjøbø, Brit Å., Guttormsen, Anne B., Leon Yoshido, Hector H., Aguilar, Ronald Zumaran, Montes Oscanoa, Fredy A., Alisasis, Alain U., Robles, Joanne B., Pasanting-Lim, Rossini Abbie B., Tan, Beatriz C., Andruszkiewicz, Pawel, Jakubowska, Karina, Coxo, Cristina M., Alvarez, António M., Oliveira, Bruno S., Montanha, Gustavo M., Barros, Nelson C., Pereira, Carlos S., Messias, António M., Monteiro, Jorge M., Araujo, Ana M., Catorze, Nuno T., Marum, Susan M., Bouw, Maria J., Gomes, Rui M., Brito, Vania A., Castro, Silvia, Estilita, Joana M., Barros, Filipa M., Serra, Isabel M., Martinho, Aurelia M., Tomescu, Dana R., Marcu, Alexandra, Bedreag, Ovidiu H., Papurica, Mariu, Corneci, Dan E., Negoita, Silvius Ioan, Grigoriev, Evgeny, Gritsan, Alexey I., Gazenkampf, Andrey A., Almekhlafi, Ghaleb, Albarrak, Mohamad M., Mustafa, Ghanem M., Maghrabi, Khalid A., Salahuddin, Nawal, Aisa, Tharwat M., Al Jabbary, Ahmed S., Tabhan, Edgardo, Arabi, Yaseen M., Trinidad, Olivia A., Al Dorzi, Hasan M., Tabhan, Edgardo E., Bolon, Stefan, Smith, Oliver, Mancebo, Jordi, Aguirre-Bermeo, Hernan, Lopez-Delgado, Juan C., Esteve, Francisco, Rialp, Gemma, Forteza, Catalina, De Haro, Candelaria, Artigas, Antonio, Albaiceta, Guillermo M., De Cima-Iglesias, Sara, Seoane-Quiroga, Leticia, Ceniceros-Barros, Alexandra, Ruiz-Aguilar, Antonio L., Claraco-Vega, Luis M., Soler, Juan Alfonso, del Carmen Lorente, Maria, Hermosa, Cecilia, Gordo, Federico, Prieto-González, Miryam, López-Messa, Juan B., Perez, Manuel P., Perez, Cesar P., Allue, Raquel Montoiro, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Ibañez-Santacruz, Marco, Temprano, Susana, Pintado, Maria C., De Pablo, Raul, Gómez, Pilar Ricart Aroa, Ruiz, Silvia Rodriguez, Moles, Silvia Iglesia, Jurado, Mª Teresa, Arizmendi, Alfon, Piacentini, Enrique A., Franco, Nieve, Honrubia, Teresa, Cheng, Meisy Perez, Losada, Elena Perez, Blanco, Javier, Yuste, Luis J., Carbayo-Gorriz, Cecilia, Cazorla-Barranquero, Francisca G., Alonso, Javier G., Alda, Rosa S., Algaba, Ángela, Navarro, Gonzalo, Cereijo, Enrique, Diaz-Rodriguez, Esther, Marcos, Diego Pastor, Montero, Laura Alvarez, Para, Luis Herrera, Sanchez, Roberto Jimenez, Navalpotro, Miguel Angel Blasco, Abad, Ricardo Diaz, González, Raquel Montiel, Toribio, Dácil Parrilla, Castro, Alejandro G., Artiga, Maria Jose D., Penuelas, Oscar, Roser, Tomas P., Olga, Moreno F., Curto, Elena Gallego, Sánchez, Rocío Manzano, Imma, Vallverdu P., Elisabet, Garcia M., Claverias, Laura, Magret, Monica, Pellicer, Ana M., Rodriguez, Lucia L., Sánchez-Ballesteros, Jesú, González-Salamanca, Ángela, Jimenez, Antonio G., Huerta, Francisco P., Sotillo Diaz, Juan Carlos J., Lopez, Esther Bermejo, Llinares Moya, David D., Tallet Alfonso, Alec A., Luis, Palazon Sanchez Eugenio, Cesar, Palazon Sanchez, Rafael, Sánchez I., Virgilio, Corcoles G., Recio, Noelia N., Adamsson, Richard O., Rylander, Christian C., Holzgraefe, Bernhard, Broman, Lars M., Wessbergh, Joanna, Persson, Linnea, Schiöler, Fredrik, Kedelv, Han, Tibblin, Anna Oscarsson, Appelberg, Henrik, Hedlund, Lar, Helleberg, Johan, Eriksson, Karin E., Glietsch, Rita, Larsson, Nikla, Nygren, Ingela, Nunes, Silvia L., Morin, Anna-Karin, Kander, Thoma, Adolfsson, Anne, Piquilloud, Lise, Zender, Hervé O., Leemann-Refondini, Corinne, Elatrous, Souheil, Bouchoucha, Slaheddine, Chouchene, Imed, Ouanes, Islem, Souissi, Asma Ben, Kamoun, Salma, Demirkiran, Oktay, Aker, Mustafa, Erbabacan, Emre, Ceylan, Ilkay, Girgin, Nermin Kelebek, Ozcelik, Menekse, Ünal, Necmettin, Meco, Basak Ceyda, Akyol, Onat O., Derman, Suleyman S., Kennedy, Barry, Parhar, Ken, Srinivasa, Latha, McAuley, Danny, Hopkins, Phil, Mellis, Clare, Kakar, Vivek, Hadfield, Dan, Vercueil, Andre, Bhowmick, Kaushik, Humphreys, Sally K., Ferguson, Andrew, Mckee, Raymond, Raj, Ashok S., Fawkes, Danielle A., Watt, Philip, Twohey, Linda, JhaMatthew Thomas, Rajeev R., Morton, Alex, Kadaba, Varsha, Smith, Mark J., Hormis, Anil P., Kannan, Santhana G., Namih, Miriam, Reschreiter, Henrik, Camsooksai, Julie, Kumar, Alek, Rugonfalvi, Szabolc, Nutt, Christopher, Oneill, Orla, Seasman, Colette, Dempsey, Ged, Scott, Christopher J., Ellis, Helen E., Mckechnie, Stuart, Hutton, Paula J., Di Tomasso, Nora N., Vitale, Michela N., Griffin, Ruth O., Dean, Michael N., Cranshaw, Julius H., Willett, Emma L., Ioannou, Nichola, Service, Gstt Severe Respiratory Failure, Gillis, Sarah, Csabi, Peter, Macfadyen, Rosaleen, Dawson, Heidi, Preez, Pieter D., Williams, Alexandra J., Boyd, Owen, De Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz, Bramall, Jon, Symmonds, Sophie, Chau, Simon K., Wenham, Tim, Szakmany, Tama, Toth-Tarsoly, Piroska, Mccalman, Katie H., Alexander, Peter, Stephenson, Lorraine, Collyer, Thoma, Chapman, Rhiannon, Cooper, Raphael, Allan, Russell M., Sim, Malcolm, Wrathall, David W., Irvine, Donald A., Zantua, Kim S., Adams, John C., Burtenshaw, Andrew J., Sellors, Gareth P., Welters, Ingeborg D., Williams, Karen E., Hessell, Robert J., Oldroyd, Matthew G., Battle, Ceri E., Pillai, Suresh, Kajtor, Istvan, Sivashanmugavel, Mageswaran, Okane, Sinead C., Donnelly, Adrian, Frigyik, Aniko D., Careless, Jon P., May, Martin M., Stewart, Richard, John Trinder, T., Hagan, Samantha J., Wise, Matt P., Cole, Jade M., MacFie, Caroline C., Dowling, Anna T., Hurtado, Javier, Nuñez, Edgardo, Pittini, Gustavo, Rodriguez, Ruben, Imperio, María C., Santos, Cristina, França, Ana G., Ebeid, Alejandro, Deicas, Alberto, Serra, Carolina, Uppalapati, Aditya, Kamel, Ghassan, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie M., Beitler, Jeremy R., Mukkera, Satyanarayana Reddy, Kulkarni, Shreedhar, Lee, Jarone, Mesar, Tomaz, Shinn Iii, John O., Gomaa, Dina, Tainter, Christopher, Yeatts, Dale J., Warren, Jessica, Lanspa, Michael J., Miller, Russel R., Grissom, Colin K., Brown, Samuel M., Bauer, Philippe R., Gosselin, Ryan J., Kitch, Barrett T., Cohen, Jason E., Beegle, Scott H., Gueret, Renaud M., Tulaimat, Aiman, Choudry, Shazia, Stigler, William, Batra, Hitesh, Huff, Nidhi G., Lamb, Keith D., Oetting, Trevor W., Mohr, Nicholas M., Judy, Claine, Saito, Shigeki, Kheir, Fayez M., Kheir, Fayez, Schlichting, Adam B., Delsing, Angela, Crouch, Daniel R., Elmasri, Mary, Ismail, Dina, Dreyer, Kyle R., Blakeman, Thomas C., Baron, Rebecca M., Grijalba, Carolina Quintana, Hou, Peter C., Seethala, Raghu, Aisiku, Imo, Henderson, Galen, Frendl, Gyorgy, Hou, Sen-Kuang, Owens, Robert L., Schomer, Ashley, Bumbasirevic, Vesna, Jovanovic, Bojan, Surbatovic, Maja, Veljovic, Milic, Rios, Fernando, Sottiaux, T., Depuydt, P., Lora, Fredy S., Azevedo, Luciano Cesar, Bugedo, Guillermo, Gonzalez, Marco, Silesky, Juan, Cerny, Vladimir, Jibaja, Manuel, Matamis, Dimitrio, Ranero, Jorge Lui, Amin, Pravin, Villagomez, Asisclo, Palo, Jose Emmanuel, do Vale Fernandes, Antero, Sandesc, Dorel, Arabi, Yaasen, Bumbasierevic, Vesna, Lorente, Jose A., Abroug, Fekri, and Démpaire, Gabriel

Subjects
Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Abstract

The members of the LUNG SAFE Investigators and the ESICM Trials Group were provided in such a way that they could not be indexed as collaborators on PubMed. The publisher apologizes for this error.

Published
2018

231. Target of Opportunity Observations of Gravitational Wave Events with LSST

Author

Margutti, R., Cowperthwaite, P., Doctor, Z., Mortensen, K., Pankow, C. P., Salafia, O., Villar, V. A., Alexander, K., Annis, J., Andreoni, I., Baldeschi, A., Balmaverde, B., Berger, E., Bernardini, M. G., Berry, C. P. L., Bianco, F., Blanchard, P. K., Brocato, E., Carnerero, M. I., Cartier, R., Cenko, S. B., Chornock, R., Chomiuk, L., Copperwheat, C. M., Coughlin, M. W., Coppejans, D. L., Corsi, A., D'Ammando, F., Datrier, L., D'Avanzo, P., Dimitriadis, G., Drout, M. R., Foley, R. J., Fong, W., Fox, O., Ghirlanda, G., Goldstein, D., Grindlay, J., Guidorzi, C., Haiman, Z., Hendry, M., Holz, D., Hung, T., Inserra, C., Jones, D. O., Kalogera, V., Kilpatrick, C. D., Lamb, G., Laskar, T., Levan, A., Mason, E., Maguire, K., Melandri, A., Milisavljevic, D., Miller, A., Narayan, G., Nielsen, E., Nicholl, M., Nissanke, S., Nugent, P., Pan, Y. -C., Pasham, D., Paterson, K., Piranomonte, S., Racusin, J., Rest, A., Righi, C., Sand, D., Seaman, R., Scolnic, D., Siellez, K., Singer, L., Szkody, P., Smith, M., Steeghs, D., Sullivan, M., Tanvir, N., Terreran, G., Trimble, V., Valenti, S., Transient, with the support of the LSST, and Collaboration, Variable Stars

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The discovery of the electromagnetic counterparts to the binary neutron star merger GW170817 has opened the era of GW+EM multi-messenger astronomy. Exploiting this breakthrough requires increasing samples to explore the diversity of kilonova behaviour and provide more stringent constraints on the Hubble constant, and tests of fundamental physics. LSST can play a key role in this field in the 2020s, when the gravitational wave detector network is expected to detect higher rates of merger events involving neutron stars ($\sim$10s per year) out to distances of several hundred Mpc. Here we propose comprehensive target-of-opportunity (ToOs) strategies for follow-up of gravitational-wave sources that will make LSST the premiere machine for discovery and early characterization for neutron star mergers and other gravitational-wave sources., Comment: White paper for LSST cadence optimization- ToOs

Published
2018
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232. Bevacizumab Diminishes Inflammation in an Acute Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis Model

Author

Merida S, Sancho-Tello M, Almansa I, Desco C, Peris C, Moreno M, Villar V, Navea A, and Bosch-Morell F

Subjects
inflammation, oxidative stress, chemokines, bevacizumab, endotoxin-induced uveitis
Abstract

Introduction: Uveitis is an eye disease characterized by inflammation of the uvea and an early and exhaustive diagnosis is essential for its treatment. The aim of our study is to assess the potential toxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Bevacizumab in an experimental uveitis model by subcutaneously injecting lipopolysaccharide into Lewis rats and to clarify its mechanism. Material and Methods: Blood-aqueous barrier integrity was assessed 24 h after endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) by analyzing two parameters: cell count and protein concentration in aqueous humors. Histopathology of all eye structures was also studied. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent analyses of the aqueous humor samples were performed in order to calculate the diverse chemokine and cytokine protein levels and oxidative stress-related markers were also evaluated. Results: The aqueous humor's cellular content significantly increased in the group treated with only Bevacizumab, but it had no effect on retina histopathological grading. Nevertheless, the inflammation noted in ocular structures when administering Bevacizumab with endotoxin was mostly prevented since aqueous humor cell content considerably lowered, and concomitantly with a sharp drop in uveal, vitreous, and retina histopathological grading. The values of the multi-faceted cytokine IL-2 also significantly decreased (p < 0.05 vs. endotoxin group), and the protective IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines values rose with related anti-oxidant system recovery (p < 0.05 vs. endotoxin group). Concurrently, some related M1 macrophage chemokines substantially increased, e.g., GRO/KC, a chemokine that also displays any kind of protective role. Conclusion: All these results revealed that 24 h after being administered, Bevacizumab treatment in EIU significantly prevented inflammation in various eye structures and correct results in efficacy vs. toxicity balance were obtained.

Published
2018

233. A Fast-Evolving, Luminous Transient Discovered by K2/Kepler

Author

Rest, A., Garnavich, P. M., Khatami, D., Kasen, D., Tucker, B. E., Shaya, E. J., Olling, R. P., Mushotzky, R., Zenteno, A., Margheim, S., Strampelli, G., James, D., Smith, R. C., Förster, F., and Villar, V. A.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

For decades optical time-domain searches have been tuned to find ordinary supernovae, which rise and fall in brightness over a period of weeks. Recently, supernova searches have improved their cadences and a handful of fast-evolving luminous transients (FELTs) have been identified. FELTs have peak luminosities comparable to Type Ia supernovae, but rise to maximum in $, Comment: 29 pages, 4 figures, 3 supplemental figures, Nature Astronomy, in press

Published
2018
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234. Two Years of Nonthermal Emission from the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817: Rapid Fading of the Jet Afterglow and First Constraints on the Kilonova Fastest Ejecta

Author

Hajela, A., primary, Margutti, R., additional, Alexander, K. D., additional, Kathirgamaraju, A., additional, Baldeschi, A., additional, Guidorzi, C., additional, Giannios, D., additional, Fong, W., additional, Wu, Y., additional, MacFadyen, A., additional, Paggi, A., additional, Berger, E., additional, Blanchard, P. K., additional, Chornock, R., additional, Coppejans, D. L., additional, Cowperthwaite, P. S., additional, Eftekhari, T., additional, Gomez, S., additional, Hosseinzadeh, G., additional, Laskar, T., additional, Metzger, B. D., additional, Nicholl, M., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Radice, D., additional, Sironi, L., additional, Terreran, G., additional, Villar, V. A., additional, Williams, P. K. G., additional, Xie, X., additional, and Zrake, J., additional

Published
2019
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235. A Galaxy-targeted Search for the Optical Counterpart of the Candidate NS–BH Merger S190814bv with Magellan

Author

Gomez, S., primary, Hosseinzadeh, G., additional, Cowperthwaite, P. S., additional, Villar, V. A., additional, Berger, E., additional, Gardner, T., additional, Alexander, K. D., additional, Blanchard, P. K., additional, Chornock, R., additional, Drout, M. R., additional, Eftekhari, T., additional, Fong, W., additional, Gill, K., additional, Margutti, R., additional, Nicholl, M., additional, Paterson, K., additional, and Williams, P. K. G., additional

Published
2019
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236. Supernova Photometric Classification Pipelines Trained on Spectroscopically Classified Supernovae from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium-deep Survey

Author

Villar, V. A., primary, Berger, E., additional, Miller, G., additional, Chornock, R., additional, Rest, A., additional, Jones, D. O., additional, Drout, M. R., additional, Foley, R. J., additional, Kirshner, R., additional, Lunnan, R., additional, Magnier, E., additional, Milisavljevic, D., additional, Sanders, N., additional, and Scolnic, D., additional

Published
2019
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238. The Optical Afterglow of GW170817: An Off-axis Structured Jet and Deep Constraints on a Globular Cluster Origin

Author

Fong, W., primary, Blanchard, P. K., additional, Alexander, K. D., additional, Strader, J., additional, Margutti, R., additional, Hajela, A., additional, Villar, V. A., additional, Wu, Y., additional, Ye, C. S., additional, Berger, E., additional, Chornock, R., additional, Coppejans, D., additional, Cowperthwaite, P. S., additional, Eftekhari, T., additional, Giannios, D., additional, Guidorzi, C., additional, Kathirgamaraju, A., additional, Laskar, T., additional, Macfadyen, A., additional, Metzger, B. D., additional, Nicholl, M., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Terreran, G., additional, Sand, D. J., additional, Sironi, L., additional, Williams, P. K. G., additional, Xie, X., additional, and Zrake, J., additional

Published
2019
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239. SN 2016iet: The Pulsational or Pair Instability Explosion of a Low-metallicity Massive CO Core Embedded in a Dense Hydrogen-poor Circumstellar Medium

Author

Gomez, Sebastian, primary, Berger, Edo, additional, Nicholl, Matt, additional, Blanchard, Peter K., additional, Villar, V. Ashley, additional, Patton, Locke, additional, Chornock, Ryan, additional, Leja, Joel, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, additional, and Cowperthwaite, Philip S., additional

Published
2019
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240. Follow-up of the Neutron Star Bearing Gravitational-wave Candidate Events S190425z and S190426c with MMT and SOAR

Author

Hosseinzadeh, G., primary, Cowperthwaite, P. S., additional, Gomez, S., additional, Villar, V. A., additional, Nicholl, M., additional, Margutti, R., additional, Berger, E., additional, Chornock, R., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Fong, W., additional, Savchenko, V., additional, Short, P., additional, Alexander, K. D., additional, Blanchard, P. K., additional, Braga, J., additional, Calkins, M. L., additional, Cartier, R., additional, Coppejans, D. L., additional, Eftekhari, T., additional, Laskar, T., additional, Ly, C., additional, Patton, L., additional, Pelisoli, I., additional, Reichart, D. E., additional, Terreran, G., additional, and Williams, P. K. G., additional

Published
2019
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244. LSST Target-of-Opportunity Observations of Gravitational Wave Events: Essential and Efficient

Author

Cowperthwaite, P. S., Villar, V. A., Scolnic, D. M., Berger, E., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Villar, V. A., Scolnic, D. M., and Berger, E.

Abstract

We present simulated observations to assess the ability of LSST and the WFD survey to detect and characterize kilonovae - the optical emission associated with binary neutron star (and possibly black hole - neutron star) mergers. We expand on previous studies in several critical ways by exploring a range of kilonova models and several choices of cadence, as well as by evaluating the information content of the resulting light curves. We find that, depending on the precise choice of cadence, the WFD survey will achieve an average kilonova detection efficiency of $\approx 1.6-2.5\%$ and detect only $\approx 3-6$ kilonovae per year. The detected kilonovae will be within the detection volume of Advanced LIGO/Virgo (ALV). By refitting the best resulting LSST light curves with the same model used to generate them we find the model parameters are generally weakly constrained, and are accurate to at best a factor of $2-3$. Motivated by the finding that the WFD will yield a small number of kilonova detections, with poor light curves and marginal information content, and that the detections are in any case inside the ALV volume, we argue that target-of-opportunity follow-up of gravitational wave triggers is a much more effective approach for kilonova studies. We outline the qualitative foundation for such a program with the goal of minimizing the impact on LSST operations. We argue that observations in the $gz$-bands with a total time investment per event of $\approx 1.5$ hour per 10 deg$^2$ of search area is sufficient to rapidly detect and identify kilonovae with $\gtrsim 90\%$ efficiency. For an estimated event rate of $\sim20$ per year visible to LSST, this accounts for $\sim1.5\%$ of the total survey time. In this regime, LSST has the potential to be a powerful tool for kilonovae discovery, with detected events handed off to other narrow-field facilities for further monitoring., Comment: 17 Pages, 11 Figures, 1 Table; Submitted to ApJ

Published
2018
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245. Superluminous Supernovae in LSST: Rates, Detection Metrics, and Light Curve Modeling

Author

Villar, V. Ashley, Nicholl, Matt, Berger, Edo, Villar, V. Ashley, Nicholl, Matt, and Berger, Edo

Abstract

We explore and demonstrate the capabilities of LSST to study Type I superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). We first fit the light curves of 58 known SLSNe at z~0.1-1.6, using an analytical magnetar spin-down model implemented in MOSFiT. We then use the posterior distributions of the magnetar and ejecta parameters to generate thousands of synthetic SLSN light curves, and we inject those into the OpSim to generate realistic ugrizy light curves. We define simple, measurable metrics to quantify the detectability and utility of the light curve, and to measure the efficiency of LSST in returning SLSN light curves satisfying these metrics. We combine the metric efficiencies with the volumetric rate of SLSNe to estimate the overall discovery rate of LSST, and we find that ~10^4 SLSNe per year with >10 data points will be discovered in the WFD survey at z<3.0, while only ~15 SLSNe per year will be discovered in each DDF at z<4.0. To evaluate the information content in the LSST data, we refit representative output light curves with the same model that was used to generate them. We correlate our ability to recover magnetar and ejecta parameters with the simple light curve metrics to evaluate the most important metrics. We find that we can recover physical parameters to within 30% of their true values from ~18% of WFD light curves. Light curves with measurements of both the rise and decline in gri-bands, and those with at least fifty observations in all bands combined, are most information rich, with ~30% of these light curves having recoverable physical parameters to ~30% accuracy. WFD survey strategies which increase cadence in these bands and minimize seasonal gaps will maximize the number of scientifically useful SLSN light curves. Finally, although the DDFs will provide more densely sampled light curves, we expect only ~50 SLSNe with recoverable parameters in each field in the decade-long survey., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, submitted to ApJ

Published
2018
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246. Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Observations of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817

Author

Villar, V. A., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Berger, E., Blanchard, P. K., Gomez, S., Alexander, K. D., Margutti, R., Chornock, R., Eftekhari, T., Fazio, G. G., Guillochon, J., Hora, J. L., Metzger, B. D., Nicholl, M., Williams, P. K. G., Villar, V. A., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Berger, E., Blanchard, P. K., Gomez, S., Alexander, K. D., Margutti, R., Chornock, R., Eftekhari, T., Fazio, G. G., Guillochon, J., Hora, J. L., Metzger, B. D., Nicholl, M., and Williams, P. K. G.

Abstract

We present Spitzer Space Telescope 3.6 and 4.5 micron observations of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 at 43, 74, and 264 days post-merger. Using the final observation as a template, we uncover a source at the position of GW170817 at 4.5 micron with a brightness of 22.9+/-0.3 AB mag at 43 days and 23.8+/-0.3 AB mag at 74 days (the uncertainty is dominated by systematics from the image subtraction); no obvious source is detected at 3.6 micron to a 3-sigma limit of >23.3 AB mag in both epochs. The measured brightness is dimmer by a factor of about 2-3 times compared to our previously published kilonova model, which is based on UV, optical, and near-IR data at <30 days. However, the observed fading rate and color (m_{3.6}-m_{4.5}> 0 AB mag) are consistent with our model. We suggest that the discrepancy is likely due to a transition to the nebular phase, or a reduced thermalization efficiency at such late time. Using the Spitzer data as a guide, we briefly discuss the prospects of observing future binary neutron star mergers with Spitzer (in LIGO/Virgo Observing Run 3) and the James Webb Space Telescope (in LIGO/Virgo Observing Run 4 and beyond)., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to ApJL

Published
2018
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247. A Decline in the X-ray through Radio Emission from GW170817 Continues to Support an Off-Axis Structured Jet

Author

Alexander, K. D., Margutti, R., Blanchard, P. K., Fong, W., Berger, E., Hajela, A., Eftekhari, T., Chornock, R., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Giannios, D., Guidorzi, C., Kathirgamaraju, A., MacFadyen, A., Metzger, B. D., Nicholl, M., Sironi, L., Villar, V. A., Williams, P. K. G., Xie, X., Zrake, J., Alexander, K. D., Margutti, R., Blanchard, P. K., Fong, W., Berger, E., Hajela, A., Eftekhari, T., Chornock, R., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Giannios, D., Guidorzi, C., Kathirgamaraju, A., MacFadyen, A., Metzger, B. D., Nicholl, M., Sironi, L., Villar, V. A., Williams, P. K. G., Xie, X., and Zrake, J.

Abstract

We present new observations of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 at $\Delta t\approx 220-290$ days post-merger, at radio (Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array; VLA), X-ray (Chandra X-ray Observatory) and optical (Hubble Space Telescope; HST) wavelengths. These observations provide the first evidence for a turnover in the X-ray light curve, mirroring a decline in the radio emission at $\gtrsim5\sigma$ significance. The radio-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution exhibits no evolution into the declining phase. Our full multi-wavelength dataset is consistent with the predicted behavior of our previously published models of a successful structured jet expanding into a low-density circumbinary medium, but pure cocoon models with a choked jet cannot be ruled out. If future observations continue to track our predictions, we expect that the radio and X-ray emission will remain detectable until $\sim 1000$ days post-merger., Comment: Accepted to ApJL. Updated version includes new VLA observations extending through 2018 June 2

Published
2018
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248. A Precise Distance to the Host Galaxy of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Using Surface Brightness Fluctuations

Author

Cantiello, Michele, Jensen, J. B., Blakeslee, J. P., Berger, E., Levan, A. J., Tanvir, N. R., Raimondo, G., Brocato, E., Alexander, K. D., Blanchard, P. K., Branchesi, M., Cano, Z., Chornock, R., Covino, S., Cowperthwaite, P. S., D'Avanzo, P., Eftekhari, T., Fong, W., Fruchter, A. S., Grado, A., Hjorth, J., Holz, D. E., Lyman, J. D., Mandel, I., Margutti, R., Nicholl, M., Villar, V. A., Williams, P. K. G., Cantiello, Michele, Jensen, J. B., Blakeslee, J. P., Berger, E., Levan, A. J., Tanvir, N. R., Raimondo, G., Brocato, E., Alexander, K. D., Blanchard, P. K., Branchesi, M., Cano, Z., Chornock, R., Covino, S., Cowperthwaite, P. S., D'Avanzo, P., Eftekhari, T., Fong, W., Fruchter, A. S., Grado, A., Hjorth, J., Holz, D. E., Lyman, J. D., Mandel, I., Margutti, R., Nicholl, M., Villar, V. A., and Williams, P. K. G.

Abstract

The joint detection of gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation from the binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817 has provided unprecedented insight into a wide range of physical processes: heavy element synthesis via the $r$-process; the production of relativistic ejecta; the equation of state of neutron stars and the nature of the merger remnant; the binary coalescence timescale; and a measurement of the Hubble constant via the "standard siren" technique. In detail, all of these results depend on the distance to the host galaxy of the merger event, NGC4993. In this paper we measure the surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) distance to NGC4993 in the F110W and F160W passbands of the Wide Field Camera 3 Infrared Channel on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). For the preferred F110W passband we derive a distance modulus of $m{-}M=33.05\pm0.08\pm0.10$ mag, or a linear distance $d=40.7\pm1.4\pm1.9$ Mpc (random and systematic errors, respectively); a virtually identical result is obtained from the F160W data. This is the most precise distance to NGC4993 available to date. Combining our distance measurement with the corrected recession velocity of NGC4993 implies a Hubble constant $H_0=71.9\pm 7.1~km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-1}$. A comparison of our result to the GW-inferred value of $H_0$ indicates a binary orbital inclination of $i\,{\gtrsim}\,137~\deg$. The SBF technique can be applied to early-type host galaxies of BNS mergers to ${\sim\,}100$ Mpc with HST and possibly as far as ${\sim\,}300$ Mpc with the James Webb Space Telescope, thereby helping to break the inherent distance-inclination degeneracy of the GW signals at distances where many future BNS mergers are likely to be detected., Comment: ApJ Letters in press

Published
2018
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249. Resolved versus confirmed ARDS after 24 h: insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Author

Madotto, F, Pham, T, Bellani, G, Bos, L, Simonis, F, Fan, E, Artigas, A, Brochard, L, Schultz, M, Laffey, J, Pesenti, A, Esteban, A, Gattinoni, L, van Haren, F, Larsson, A, Mcauley, D, Ranieri, M, Rubenfeld, G, Thompson, B, Wrigge, H, Slutsky, A, Rios, F, Sottiaux, T, Depuydt, P, Lora, F, Azevedo, L, Bugedo, G, Qiu, H, Gonzalez, M, Silesky, J, Cerny, V, Nielsen, J, Jibaja, M, Matamis, D, Ranero, J, Amin, P, Hashemian, S, Clarkson, K, Kurahashi, K, Villagomez, A, Zeggwagh, A, Heunks, L, Laake, J, Palo, J, Do Vale Fernandes, A, Sandesc, D, Arabi, Y, Bumbasierevic, V, Nin, N, Lorente, J, Piquilloud, L, Abroug, F, Mcnamee, L, Hurtado, J, Bajwa, E, Démpaire, G, Sula, H, Nunci, L, Cani, A, Zazu, A, Dellera, C, Alejandro, R, Daldin, J, Vinzio, M, Fernandez, R, Cardonnet, L, Bettini, L, Bisso, M, Osman, E, Setten, M, Lovazzano, P, Alvarez, J, Villar, V, Pozo, N, Grubissich, N, Plotnikow, G, Vasquez, D, Ilutovich, S, Tiribelli, N, Chena, A, Pellegrini, C, Saenz, M, Estenssoro, E, Brizuela, M, Gianinetto, H, Gomez, P, Cerrato, V, Bezzi, M, Borello, S, Loiacono, F, Fernandez, A, Knowles, S, Reynolds, C, Inskip, D, Miller, J, Kong, J, Whitehead, C, Bihari, S, Seven, A, Krstevski, A, Rodgers, H, Millar, R, Mckenna, T, Bailey, I, Hanlon, G, Aneman, A, Lynch, J, Azad, R, Neal, J, Woods, P, Roberts, B, Kol, M, Wong, H, Riss, K, Staudinger, T, Wittebole, X, Berghe, C, Bulpa, P, Dive, A, Verstraete, R, Lebbinck, H, Vermassen, J, Meersseman, P, Ceunen, H, Rosa, J, Beraldo, D, Piras, C, Rampinelli, A, Nassar, A, Mataloun, S, Moock, M, Thompson, M, Gonçalves, C, Antônio, A, Ascoli, A, Biondi, R, Fontenele, D, Nobrega, D, Sales, V, Shindhe, S, Ismail, D, Beloncle, F, Davies, K, Cirone, R, Manoharan, V, Ismail, M, Goligher, E, Jassal, M, Nishikawa, E, Javeed, A, Curley, G, Rittayamai, N, Parotto, M, Ferguson, N, Mehta, S, Knoll, J, Pronovost, A, Canestrini, S, Bruhn, A, Garcia, P, Aliaga, F, Farías, P, Yumha, J, Ortiz, C, Salas, J, Saez, A, Vega, L, Labarca, E, Martinez, F, Carreño, N, Lora, P, Liu, H, Liu, L, Tang, R, Luo, X, An, Y, Zhao, H, Gao, Y, Zhai, Z, Ye, Z, Wang, W, Li, W, Li, Q, Zheng, R, Yu, W, Shen, J, Li, X, Yu, T, Lu, W, Wu, Y, Huang, X, He, Z, Lu, Y, Han, H, Zhang, F, Sun, R, Wang, H, Qin, S, Zhu, B, Zhao, J, Liu, J, Li, B, Zhou, F, Zhang, X, Li-Xin, Z, Xin-Hua, Q, Jiang, L, Zhao, X, Li, Y, Wang, C, Yao, Q, Yu, R, Chen, K, Shao, H, Qin, B, Huang, Q, Zhu, W, Hang, A, Hua, M, Xu, Y, Di, Y, Ling, L, Qin, T, Wang, S, Qin, J, Han, Y, Zhou, S, Vargas, M, Jimenez, J, Rojas, M, Solis-Quesada, J, Ramirez-Alfaro, C, Máca, J, Sklienka, P, Gjedsted, J, Christiansen, A, Villamagua, B, Llano, M, Burtin, P, Buzancais, G, Beuret, P, Pelletier, N, Mortaza, S, Mercat, A, Chelly, J, Jochmans, S, Terzi, N, Daubin, C, Carteaux, G, de Prost, N, Chiche, J, Daviaud, F, Fartoukh, M, Barberet, G, Biehler, J, Dellamonica, J, Doyen, D, Arnal, J, Briquet, A, Hraiech, S, Papazian, L, Roux, D, Messika, J, Kalaitzis, E, Dangers, L, Combes, A, Au, S, Béduneau, G, Carpentier, D, Zogheib, E, Dupont, H, Ricome, S, Santoli, F, Besset, S, Michel, P, Gelée, B, Danin, P, Goubaux, B, Crova, P, Phan, N, Berkelmans, F, Badie, J, Tapponnier, R, Gally, J, Khebbeb, S, Herbrecht, J, Schneider, F, Declercq, P, Rigaud, J, Duranteau, J, Harrois, A, Chabanne, R, Marin, J, Bigot, C, Thibault, S, Ghazi, M, Boukhazna, M, Zein, S, Richecoeur, J, Combaux, D, Grelon, F, Le Moal, C, Sauvadet, E, Robine, A, Lemiale, V, Reuter, D, Dres, M, Demoule, A, Goldgran-Toledano, D, Baboi, L, Guérin, C, Lohner, R, Kraßler, J, Schäfer, S, Zacharowski, K, Meybohm, P, Reske, A, Simon, P, Hopf, H, Schuetz, M, Baltus, T, Papanikolaou, M, Papavasilopoulou, T, Zacharas, G, Ourailogloy, V, Mouloudi, E, Massa, E, Nagy, E, Stamou, E, Kiourtzieva, E, Oikonomou, M, Avila, L, Cortez, C, Citalán, J, Jog, S, Sable, S, Shah, B, Gurjar, M, Baronia, A, Memon, M, Muthuchellappan, R, Ramesh, V, Shenoy, A, Unnikrishnan, R, Dixit, S, Rhayakar, R, Ramakrishnan, N, Bhardwaj, V, Mahto, H, Sagar, S, Palaniswamy, V, Ganesan, D, Jamaati, H, Heidari, F, Meaney, E, Nichol, A, Knapman, K, O’Croinin, D, Dunne, E, Breen, D, Jaafar, R, Dwyer, R, Amir, F, Ajetunmobi, O, O’Muircheartaigh, A, Black, C, Treanor, N, Collins, D, Altaf, W, Zani, G, Fusari, M, Spadaro, S, Volta, C, Graziani, R, Brunettini, B, Palmese, S, Formenti, P, Umbrello, M, Lombardo, A, Pecci, E, Botteri, M, Savioli, M, Protti, A, Mattei, A, Schiavoni, L, Tinnirello, A, Todeschini, M, Giarratano, A, Cortegiani, A, Sher, S, Rossi, A, Antonelli, M, Montini, L, Casalena, P, Scafetti, S, Panarello, G, Occhipinti, G, Patroniti, N, Pozzi, M, Biscione, R, Poli, M, Raimondi, F, Albiero, D, Crapelli, G, Beck, E, Pota, V, Schiavone, V, Molin, A, Tarantino, F, Monti, G, Frati, E, Mirabella, L, Cinnella, G, Fossali, T, Colombo, R, Pattarino, P, Mojoli, F, Braschi, A, Borotto, E, Cracchiolo, A, Palma, D, Raponi, F, Foti, G, Vascotto, E, Coppadoro, A, Brazzi, L, Floris, L, Iotti, G, Venti, A, Yamaguchi, O, Takagi, S, Maeyama, H, Watanabe, E, Yamaji, Y, Shimizu, K, Shiozaki, K, Futami, S, Ryosuke, S, Saito, K, Kameyama, Y, Ueno, K, Izawa, M, Okuda, N, Suzuki, H, Harasawa, T, Nasu, M, Takada, T, Ito, F, Nunomiya, S, Koyama, K, Abe, T, Andoh, K, Kusumoto, K, Hirata, A, Takaba, A, Kimura, H, Matsumoto, S, Higashijima, U, Honda, H, Aoki, N, Imai, H, Ogino, Y, Mizuguchi, I, Ichikado, K, Nitta, K, Mochizuki, K, Hashida, T, Tanaka, H, Nakamura, T, Niimi, D, Ueda, T, Kashiwa, Y, Uchiyama, A, Sabelnikovs, O, Oss, P, Haddad, Y, Liew, K, Ñamendys-Silva, S, Jarquin-Badiola, Y, Sanchez-Hurtado, L, Gomez-Flores, S, Marin, M, Lemus, J, Fierro, J, Cervantes, M, Mejia, F, Dector, D, Gonzalez, D, Estrella, C, Sanchez-Medina, J, Ramirez-Gutierrez, A, George, F, Aguirre, J, Buensuseso, J, Poblano, M, Dendane, T, Balkhi, H, Elkhayari, M, Samkaoui, N, Ezzouine, H, Benslama, A, Amor, M, Maazouzi, W, Cimic, N, Beck, O, Bruns, M, Schouten, J, Rinia, M, Raaijmakers, M, van Wezel, H, Heines, S, Strauch, U, Buise, M, Goodson, J, Browne, T, Navarra, L, Hunt, A, Hutchison, R, Bailey, M, Newby, L, Mcarthur, C, Kalkoff, M, Mcleod, A, Casement, J, Hacking, D, Andersen, F, Dolva, M, Barratt-Due, A, Noremark, K, Søreide, E, Sjøbø, B, Guttormsen, A, Yoshido, H, Aguilar, R, Oscanoa, F, Alisasis, A, Robles, J, Pasanting-Lim, R, Tan, B, Andruszkiewicz, P, Jakubowska, K, Coxo, C, Alvarez, A, Oliveira, B, Montanha, G, Barros, N, Pereira, C, Messias, A, Monteiro, J, Araujo, A, Catorze, N, Marum, S, Bouw, M, Gomes, R, Brito, V, Castro, S, Estilita, J, Barros, F, Serra, I, Martinho, A, Tomescu, D, Marcu, A, Bedreag, O, Papurica, M, Corneci, D, Negoita, S, Grigoriev, E, Gritsan, A, Gazenkampf, A, Almekhlafi, G, Albarrak, M, Mustafa, G, Maghrabi, K, Salahuddin, N, Aisa, T, Jabbary, A, Tabhan, E, Trinidad, O, Dorzi, H, Bolon, S, Smith, O, Mancebo, J, Aguirre-Bermeo, H, Lopez-Delgado, J, Esteve, F, Rialp, G, Forteza, C, de Haro, C, Albaiceta, G, de Cima-Iglesias, S, Seoane-Quiroga, L, Ceniceros-Barros, A, Ruiz-Aguilar, A, Claraco-Vega, L, Soler, J, Del Carmen Lorente, M, Hermosa, C, Gordo, F, Prieto-González, M, López-Messa, J, Perez, M, Perez, C, Allue, R, Roche-Campo, F, Ibañez-Santacruz, M, Temprano, S, Pintado, M, de Pablo, R, Gómez, P, Ruiz, S, Moles, S, Jurado, M, Arizmendi, A, Piacentini, E, Franco, N, Honrubia, T, Cheng, M, Losada, E, Blanco, J, Yuste, L, Carbayo-Gorriz, C, Cazorla-Barranquero, F, Alonso, J, Alda, R, Algaba, Á, Navarro, G, Cereijo, E, Diaz-Rodriguez, E, Marcos, D, Montero, L, Para, L, Sanchez, R, Navalpotro, M, Abad, R, González, R, Toribio, D, Castro, A, Artiga, M, Penuelas, O, Roser, T, Olga, M, Curto, E, Sánchez, R, Imma, V, Elisabet, G, Claverias, L, Magret, M, Pellicer, A, Rodriguez, L, Sánchez-Ballesteros, J, González-Salamanca, Á, Jimenez, A, Huerta, F, Diaz, J, Lopez, E, Moya, D, Alfonso, A, Luis, P, Cesar, P, Rafael, S, Virgilio, C, Recio, N, Adamsson, R, Rylander, C, Holzgraefe, B, Broman, L, Wessbergh, J, Persson, L, Schiöler, F, Kedelv, H, Tibblin, A, Appelberg, H, Hedlund, L, Helleberg, J, Eriksson, K, 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Andrea, Todeschini, Manuel, Giarratano, Antonino, Cortegiani, Andrea, Sher, Sara, Rossi, Anna, Antonelli, Massimo M., Montini, Luca M., Casalena, Paolo, Scafetti, Sergio, Panarello, Giovanna, Occhipinti, Giovanna, Patroniti, Nicolò, Pozzi, Matteo, Biscione, Roberto R., Poli, Michela M., Raimondi, Ferdinando, Albiero, Daniela, Crapelli, Giulia, Beck, Eduardo, Pota, Vincenzo, Schiavone, Vincenzo, Molin, Alexandre, Tarantino, Fabio, Monti, Giacomo, Frati, Elena, Mirabella, Lucia, Cinnella, Gilda, Fossali, Tommaso, Colombo, Riccardo, Pattarino, Pierpaolo Terragni Ilaria, Mojoli, Francesco, Braschi, Antonio, Borotto, Erika E., Cracchiolo, Andrea N., Palma, Daniela M., Raponi, Francesco, Foti, Giuseppe, Vascotto, Ettore R., Coppadoro, Andrea, Brazzi, Luca, Floris, Leda, Iotti, Giorgio A., Venti, Aaron, Yamaguchi, Osamu, Takagi, Shunsuke, Maeyama, Hiroki N., Watanabe, Eizo, Yamaji, Yoshihiro, Shimizu, Kazuyoshi, Shiozaki, Kyoko, Futami, Satoru, Ryosuke, Sekine, Saito, Koji, Kameyama, 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Leon, Aguilar, Ronald Zumaran, Oscanoa, Fredy A. Montes, Alisasis, Alain U., Robles, Joanne B., Pasanting-Lim, Rossini Abbie B., Tan, Beatriz C., Andruszkiewicz, Pawel, Jakubowska, Karina, Coxo, Cristina M., Alvarez, António M., Oliveira, Bruno S., Montanha, Gustavo M., Barros, Nelson C., Pereira, Carlos S., Messias, António M., Monteiro, Jorge M., Araujo, Ana M., Catorze, Nuno T., Marum, Susan M., Bouw, Maria J., Gomes, Rui M., Brito, Vania A., Castro, Silvia, Estilita, Joana M., Barros, Filipa M., Serra, Isabel M., Martinho, Aurelia M., Tomescu, Dana R., Marcu, Alexandra, Bedreag, Ovidiu H., Papurica, Marius, Corneci, Dan E., Negoita, Silvius Loan, Grigoriev, Evgeny, Gritsan, Alexey I., Gazenkampf, Andrey A., Almekhlafi, Ghaleb, Albarrak, Mohamad M., Mustafa, Ghanem M., Maghrabi, Khalid A., Salahuddin, Nawal, Aisa, Tharwat M., Jabbary, Ahmed S. Al, Tabhan, Edgardo, Arabi, Yaseen M., Trinidad, Olivia A., Dorzi, Hasan M. Al, Tabhan, Edgardo E., Bolon, Stefan, Smith, Oliver, Mancebo, Jordi, Aguirre-Bermeo, Hernan, Lopez-Delgado, Juan C., Esteve, Francisco, Rialp, Gemma, Forteza, Catalina, de Haro, Candelaria, Albaiceta, Guillermo M., de Cima-Iglesias, Sara, Seoane-Quiroga, Leticia, Ceniceros-Barros, Alexandra, Ruiz-Aguilar, Antonio L., Claraco-Vega, Luis M., Soler, Juan Alfonso, Del Carmen Lorente, Maria, Hermosa, Cecilia, Gordo, Federico, Prieto-González, Miryam, López-Messa, Juan B., Perez, Manuel P., Perez, Cesar P., Allue, Raquel Montoiro, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Ibañez-Santacruz, Marcos, Temprano, Susana, Pintado, Maria C., de Pablo, Raul, Gómez, Pilar Ricart Aroa, Ruiz, Silvia Rodriguez, Moles, Silvia Iglesias, Jurado, Ma Teresa, Arizmendi, Alfons, Piacentini, Enrique A., Franco, Nieves, Honrubia, Teresa, Cheng, Meisy Perez, Losada, Elena Perez, Blanco, Javier, Yuste, Luis J., Carbayo-Gorriz, Cecilia, Cazorla-Barranquero, Francisca G., Alonso, Javier G., Alda, Rosa S., Algaba, Ángela, Navarro, Gonzalo, Cereijo, Enrique, Diaz-Rodriguez, Esther, Marcos, Diego Pastor, Montero, Laura Alvarez, Para, Luis Herrera, Sanchez, Roberto Jimenez, Navalpotro, Miguel Angel Blasco, Abad, Ricardo Diaz, González, Raquel Montiel, Toribio, Dácil Parrilla, Castro, Alejandro G., Artiga, Maria Jose D., Penuelas, Oscar, Roser, Tomas P., Olga, Moreno F., Curto, Elena Gallego, Sánchez, Rocío Manzano, Imma, Vallverdu P., Elisabet, Garcia M., Claverias, Laura, Magret, Monica, Pellicer, Ana M., Rodriguez, Lucia L., Sánchez-Ballesteros, Jesús, González-Salamanca, Ángela, Jimenez, Antonio G., Huerta, Francisco P., Diaz, Juan Carlos J. 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Jha Matthew, Morton, Alex, Kadaba, Varsha, Smith, Mark J., Hormis, Anil P., Kannan, Santhana G., Namih, Miriam, Reschreiter, Henrik, Camsooksai, Julie, Kumar, Alek, Rugonfalvi, Szabolcs, Nutt, Christopher, O’Neill, Orla, Seasman, Colette, Dempsey, Ged, Scott, Christopher J., Ellis, Helen E., McKechnie, Stuart, Hutton, Paula J., Di Tomasso, Nora N., Vitale, Michela N., Griffin, Ruth O., Dean, Michael N., Cranshaw, Julius H., Willett, Emma L., Ioannou, Nicholas, Gillis, Sarah, Csabi, Peter, Macfadyen, Rosaleen, Dawson, Heidi, Preez, Pieter D., Williams, Alexandra J., Boyd, Owen, de Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz, Bramall, Jon, Symmonds, Sophie, Chau, Simon K., Wenham, Tim, Szakmany, Tamas, Toth-Tarsoly, Piroska, McCalman, Katie H., Alexander, Peter, Stephenson, Lorraine, Collyer, Thomas, Chapman, Rhiannon, Cooper, Raphael, Allan, Russell M., Sim, Malcolm, Wrathall, David W., Irvine, Donald A., Zantua, Kim S., Adams, John C., Burtenshaw, Andrew J., Sellors, Gareth P., Welters, Ingeborg D., Williams, Karen E., Hessell, Robert J., Oldroyd, Matthew G., Battle, Ceri E., Pillai, Suresh, Kajtor, Istvan, Sivashanmugavel, Mageswaran, O’Kane, Sinead C., Donnelly, Adrian, Frigyik, Aniko D., Careless, Jon P., May, Martin M., Stewart, Richard, Trinder, T. 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González, Solis-Quesada, Jaime E., Ramirez-Alfaro, Christian M., Máca, Jan, Sklienka, Peter, Gjedsted, Jakob, Christiansen, Aage, Villamagua, Boris G., Llano, Miguel, Burtin, Philippe, Buzancais, Gautier, Beuret, Pascal, Pelletier, Nicolas, Mortaza, Satar, Mercat, Alain, Chelly, Jonathan, Jochmans, Sébastien, Terzi, Nicolas, Daubin, Cédric, Carteaux, Guillaume, de Prost, Nicolas, Chiche, Jean-Daniel, Daviaud, Fabrice, Pham, Tai, Fartoukh, Muriel, Barberet, Guillaume, Biehler, Jerome, Dellamonica, Jean, Doyen, Denis, Arnal, Jean-Michel, Briquet, Anais, Hraiech, Sami, Papazian, Laurent, Roux, Damien, Messika, Jonathan, Kalaitzis, Evangelos, Dangers, Laurence, Combes, Alain, Au, Siu-Ming, Béduneau, Gaetan, Carpentier, Dorothée, Zogheib, Elie H., Dupont, Herve, Ricome, Sylvie, Santoli, Francesco L., Besset, Sebastien L., Michel, Philippe, Gelée, Bruno, Danin, Pierre-Eric, Goubaux, Bernard, Crova, Philippe J., Phan, Nga T., Berkelmans, Frantz, Badie, Julio C., Tapponnier, Romain, Gally, 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Safal D., Shah, Bhagyesh, Gurjar, Mohan, Baronia, Arvind K., Memon, Mohammedfaruk, Muthuchellappan, Radhakrishnan, Ramesh, Venkatapura J., Shenoy, Anitha, Unnikrishnan, Ramesh, Dixit, Subhal B., Rhayakar, Rachana V., Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan, Bhardwaj, Vallish K., Mahto, Heera L., Sagar, Sudha V., Palaniswamy, Vijayanand, Ganesan, Deeban, Hashemian, Seyed Mohammadreza, Jamaati, Hamidreza, Heidari, Farshad, Meaney, Edel A., Nichol, Alistair, Knapman, Karl M., O’Croinin, Donall, Dunne, Eimhin S., Breen, Dorothy M., Clarkson, Kevin P., Jaafar, Rola F., Dwyer, Rory, Amir, Fahd, Ajetunmobi, Olaitan O., O’Muircheartaigh, Aogan C., Black, Colin S., Treanor, Nuala, Collins, Daniel V., Altaf, Wahid, Zani, Gianluca, Fusari, Maurizio, Spadaro, Savino, Volta, Carlo A., Graziani, Romano, Brunettini, Barbara, Palmese, Salvatore, Formenti, Paolo, Umbrello, Michele, Lombardo, Andrea, Pecci, Elisabetta, Botteri, Marco, Savioli, Monica, Protti, Alessandro, Mattei, Alessia, Schiavoni, Lorenzo, Tinnirello, Andrea, Todeschini, Manuel, Giarratano, Antonino, Cortegiani, Andrea, Sher, Sara, Rossi, Anna, Antonelli, Massimo M., Montini, Luca M., Casalena, Paolo, Scafetti, Sergio, Panarello, Giovanna, Occhipinti, Giovanna, Patroniti, Nicolò, Pozzi, Matteo, Biscione, Roberto R., Poli, Michela M., Raimondi, Ferdinando, Albiero, Daniela, Crapelli, Giulia, Beck, Eduardo, Pota, Vincenzo, Schiavone, Vincenzo, Molin, Alexandre, Tarantino, Fabio, Monti, Giacomo, Frati, Elena, Mirabella, Lucia, Cinnella, Gilda, Fossali, Tommaso, Colombo, Riccardo, Pattarino, Pierpaolo Terragni Ilaria, Mojoli, Francesco, Braschi, Antonio, Borotto, Erika E., Cracchiolo, Andrea N., Palma, Daniela M., Raponi, Francesco, Foti, Giuseppe, Vascotto, Ettore R., Coppadoro, Andrea, Brazzi, Luca, Floris, Leda, Iotti, Giorgio A., Venti, Aaron, Yamaguchi, Osamu, Takagi, Shunsuke, Maeyama, Hiroki N., Watanabe, Eizo, Yamaji, Yoshihiro, Shimizu, Kazuyoshi, Shiozaki, Kyoko, Futami, Satoru, Ryosuke, Sekine, Saito, Koji, Kameyama, Yoshinobu, Ueno, Keiko, Izawa, Masayo, Okuda, Nao, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Harasawa, Tomofumi, Nasu, Michitaka, Takada, Tadaaki, Ito, Fumihito, Nunomiya, Shin, Koyama, Kansuke, Abe, Toshikazu, Andoh, Kohkichi, Kusumoto, Kohei, Hirata, Akira, Takaba, Akihiro, Kimura, Hiroyasu, Matsumoto, Shuhei, Higashijima, Ushio, Honda, Hiroyuki, Aoki, Nobumasa, Imai, Hiroshi, Ogino, Yasuaki, Mizuguchi, Ichiko, Ichikado, Kazuya, Nitta, Kenichi, Mochizuki, Katsunori, Hashida, Tomoaki, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Nakamura, Tomoyuki, Niimi, Daisuke, Ueda, Takeshi, Kashiwa, Yozo, Uchiyama, Akinori, Sabelnikovs, Olegs, Oss, Peteris, Haddad, Youssef, Liew, Kong Y., Ñamendys-Silva, Silvio A., Jarquin-Badiola, Yves D., Sanchez-Hurtado, Luis A., Gomez-Flores, Saira S., Marin, Maria C., Villagomez, Asisclo J., Lemus, Jordana S., Fierro, Jonathan M., Cervantes, Mavy Ramirez, Mejia, Francisco Javier Flores, Dector, Dulce, Dector, Dulce M., Gonzalez, Daniel R., Estrella, Claudia R., Sanchez-Medina, Jorge R., Ramirez-Gutierrez, Alvaro, George, Fernando G., Aguirre, Janet S., Buensuseso, Juan A., Poblano, Manuel, Dendane, Tarek, Balkhi, Hicham, Elkhayari, Mina, Samkaoui, Nacer, Ezzouine, Hanane, Benslama, Abdellatif, Amor, Mourad, Maazouzi, Wajdi, Cimic, Nedim, Beck, Oliver, Bruns, Monique M., Schouten, Jeroen A., Rinia, Myra, Raaijmakers, Monique, van Wezel, Hellen M., Heines, Serge J., Strauch, Ulrich, Buise, Marc P., Goodson, Jennifer C., Browne, Troy S., Navarra, Leanlove, Hunt, Anna, Hutchison, Robyn A., Bailey, Mathew B., Newby, Lynette, Mcarthur, Colin, Kalkoff, Michael, Mcleod, Alex, Casement, Jonathan, Hacking, Danielle J., Andersen, Finn H., Dolva, Merete S., Laake, Jon H., Barratt-Due, Andreas, Noremark, Kim Andre L., Søreide, Eldar, Sjøbø, Brit Å., Guttormsen, Anne B., Yoshido, Hector H. Leon, Aguilar, Ronald Zumaran, Oscanoa, Fredy A. Montes, Alisasis, Alain U., Robles, Joanne B., Pasanting-Lim, Rossini Abbie B., Tan, Beatriz C., Andruszkiewicz, Pawel, Jakubowska, Karina, Coxo, Cristina M., Alvarez, António M., Oliveira, Bruno S., Montanha, Gustavo M., Barros, Nelson C., Pereira, Carlos S., Messias, António M., Monteiro, Jorge M., Araujo, Ana M., Catorze, Nuno T., Marum, Susan M., Bouw, Maria J., Gomes, Rui M., Brito, Vania A., Castro, Silvia, Estilita, Joana M., Barros, Filipa M., Serra, Isabel M., Martinho, Aurelia M., Tomescu, Dana R., Marcu, Alexandra, Bedreag, Ovidiu H., Papurica, Marius, Corneci, Dan E., Negoita, Silvius Loan, Grigoriev, Evgeny, Gritsan, Alexey I., Gazenkampf, Andrey A., Almekhlafi, Ghaleb, Albarrak, Mohamad M., Mustafa, Ghanem M., Maghrabi, Khalid A., Salahuddin, Nawal, Aisa, Tharwat M., Jabbary, Ahmed S. Al, Tabhan, Edgardo, Arabi, Yaseen M., Trinidad, Olivia A., Dorzi, Hasan M. Al, Tabhan, Edgardo E., Bolon, Stefan, Smith, Oliver, Mancebo, Jordi, Aguirre-Bermeo, Hernan, Lopez-Delgado, Juan C., Esteve, Francisco, Rialp, Gemma, Forteza, Catalina, de Haro, Candelaria, Albaiceta, Guillermo M., de Cima-Iglesias, Sara, Seoane-Quiroga, Leticia, Ceniceros-Barros, Alexandra, Ruiz-Aguilar, Antonio L., Claraco-Vega, Luis M., Soler, Juan Alfonso, Del Carmen Lorente, Maria, Hermosa, Cecilia, Gordo, Federico, Prieto-González, Miryam, López-Messa, Juan B., Perez, Manuel P., Perez, Cesar P., Allue, Raquel Montoiro, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Ibañez-Santacruz, Marcos, Temprano, Susana, Pintado, Maria C., de Pablo, Raul, Gómez, Pilar Ricart Aroa, Ruiz, Silvia Rodriguez, Moles, Silvia Iglesias, Jurado, Ma Teresa, Arizmendi, Alfons, Piacentini, Enrique A., Franco, Nieves, Honrubia, Teresa, Cheng, Meisy Perez, Losada, Elena Perez, Blanco, Javier, Yuste, Luis J., Carbayo-Gorriz, Cecilia, Cazorla-Barranquero, Francisca G., Alonso, Javier G., Alda, Rosa S., Algaba, Ángela, Navarro, Gonzalo, Cereijo, Enrique, Diaz-Rodriguez, Esther, Marcos, Diego Pastor, Montero, Laura Alvarez, Para, Luis Herrera, Sanchez, Roberto Jimenez, Navalpotro, Miguel Angel Blasco, Abad, Ricardo Diaz, González, Raquel Montiel, Toribio, Dácil Parrilla, Castro, Alejandro G., Artiga, Maria Jose D., Penuelas, Oscar, Roser, Tomas P., Olga, Moreno F., Curto, Elena Gallego, Sánchez, Rocío Manzano, Imma, Vallverdu P., Elisabet, Garcia M., Claverias, Laura, Magret, Monica, Pellicer, Ana M., Rodriguez, Lucia L., Sánchez-Ballesteros, Jesús, González-Salamanca, Ángela, Jimenez, Antonio G., Huerta, Francisco P., Diaz, Juan Carlos J. Sotillo, Lopez, Esther Bermejo, Moya, David D. Llinares, Alfonso, Alec A. Tallet, Luis, Palazon Sanchez Eugenio, Cesar, Palazon Sanchez, Rafael, Sánchez I., Virgilio, Corcoles G., Recio, Noelia N., Adamsson, Richard O., Rylander, Christian C., Holzgraefe, Bernhard, Broman, Lars M., Wessbergh, Joanna, Persson, Linnea, Schiöler, Fredrik, Kedelv, Hans, Tibblin, Anna Oscarsson, Appelberg, Henrik, Hedlund, Lars, Helleberg, Johan, Eriksson, Karin E., Glietsch, Rita, Larsson, Niklas, Nygren, Ingela, Nunes, Silvia L., Morin, Anna-Karin, Kander, Thomas, Adolfsson, Anne, Zender, Hervé O., Leemann-Refondini, Corinne, Elatrous, Souheil, Bouchoucha, Slaheddine, Chouchene, Imed, Ouanes, Islem, Souissi, Asma Ben, Kamoun, Salma, Demirkiran, Oktay, Aker, Mustafa, Erbabacan, Emre, Ceylan, Ilkay, Girgin, Nermin Kelebek, Ozcelik, Menekse, Ünal, Necmettin, Meco, Basak Ceyda, Akyol, Onat O., Derman, Suleyman S., Kennedy, Barry, Parhar, Ken, Srinivasa, Latha, McAuley, Danny, Hopkins, Phil, Mellis, Clare, Kakar, Vivek, Hadfield, Dan, Vercueil, Andre, Bhowmick, Kaushik, Humphreys, Sally K., Ferguson, Andrew, Mckee, Raymond, Raj, Ashok S., Fawkes, Danielle A., Watt, Philip, Twohey, Linda, Thomas, Rajeev R. Jha Matthew, Morton, Alex, Kadaba, Varsha, Smith, Mark J., Hormis, Anil P., Kannan, Santhana G., Namih, Miriam, Reschreiter, Henrik, Camsooksai, Julie, Kumar, Alek, Rugonfalvi, Szabolcs, Nutt, Christopher, O’Neill, Orla, Seasman, Colette, Dempsey, Ged, Scott, Christopher J., Ellis, Helen E., McKechnie, Stuart, Hutton, Paula J., Di Tomasso, Nora N., Vitale, Michela N., Griffin, Ruth O., Dean, Michael N., Cranshaw, Julius H., Willett, Emma L., Ioannou, Nicholas, Gillis, Sarah, Csabi, Peter, Macfadyen, Rosaleen, Dawson, Heidi, Preez, Pieter D., Williams, Alexandra J., Boyd, Owen, de Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz, Bramall, Jon, Symmonds, Sophie, Chau, Simon K., Wenham, Tim, Szakmany, Tamas, Toth-Tarsoly, Piroska, McCalman, Katie H., Alexander, Peter, Stephenson, Lorraine, Collyer, Thomas, Chapman, Rhiannon, Cooper, Raphael, Allan, Russell M., Sim, Malcolm, Wrathall, David W., Irvine, Donald A., Zantua, Kim S., Adams, John C., Burtenshaw, Andrew J., Sellors, Gareth P., Welters, Ingeborg D., Williams, Karen E., Hessell, Robert J., Oldroyd, Matthew G., Battle, Ceri E., Pillai, Suresh, Kajtor, Istvan, Sivashanmugavel, Mageswaran, O’Kane, Sinead C., Donnelly, Adrian, Frigyik, Aniko D., Careless, Jon P., May, Martin M., Stewart, Richard, Trinder, T. John, Hagan, Samantha J., Wise, Matt P., Cole, Jade M., MacFie, Caroline C., Dowling, Anna T., Nin, Nicolás, Nuñez, Edgardo, Pittini, Gustavo, Rodriguez, Ruben, Imperio, María C., Santos, Cristina, França, Ana G., Ebeid, Alejandro, Deicas, Alberto, Serra, Carolina, Uppalapati, Aditya, Kamel, Ghassan, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie M., Beitler, Jeremy R., Mukkera, Satyanarayana Reddy, Kulkarni, Shreedhar, Lee, Jarone, Mesar, Tomaz, Shinn, John O., Gomaa, Dina, Tainter, Christopher, Yeatts, Dale J., Warren, Jessica, Lanspa, Michael J., Miller, Russel R., Grissom, Colin K., Brown, Samuel M., Bauer, Philippe R., Gosselin, Ryan J., Kitch, Barrett T., Cohen, Jason E., Beegle, Scott H., Gueret, Renaud M., Tulaimat, Aiman, Choudry, Shazia, Stigler, William, Batra, Hitesh, Huff, Nidhi G., Lamb, Keith D., Oetting, Trevor W., Mohr, Nicholas M., Judy, Claine, Saito, Shigeki, Kheir, Fayez M., Kheir, Fayez, Schlichting, Adam B., Delsing, Angela, Crouch, Daniel R., Elmasri, Mary, Ismail, Dina, Dreyer, Kyle R., Blakeman, Thomas C., Baron, Rebecca M., Grijalba, Carolina Quintana, Hou, Peter C., Seethala, Raghu, Aisiku, Imo, Henderson, Galen, Frendl, Gyorgy, Hou, Sen-Kuang, Owens, Robert L., Schomer, Ashley, Bumbasirevic, Vesna, Jovanovic, Bojan, Surbatovic, Maja, and Veljovic, Milic

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate patients with resolved versus confirmed ARDS, identify subgroups with substantial mortality risk, and to determine the utility of day 2 ARDS reclassification. Methods: Our primary objective, in this secondary LUNG SAFE analysis, was to compare outcome in patients with resolved versus confirmed ARDS after 24 h. Secondary objectives included identifying factors associated with ARDS persistence and mortality, and the utility of day 2 ARDS reclassification. Results: Of 2377 patients fulfilling the ARDS definition on the first day of ARDS (day 1) and receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, 503 (24%) no longer fulfilled the ARDS definition the next day, 52% of whom initially had moderate or severe ARDS. Higher tidal volume on day 1 of ARDS was associated with confirmed ARDS [OR 1.07 (CI 1.01–1.13), P = 0.035]. Hospital mortality was 38% overall, ranging from 31% in resolved ARDS to 41% in confirmed ARDS, and 57% in confirmed severe ARDS at day 2. In both resolved and confirmed ARDS, age, non-respiratory SOFA score, lower PEEP and P/F ratio, higher peak pressure and respiratory rate were each associated with mortality. In confirmed ARDS, pH and the presence of immunosuppression or neoplasm were also associated with mortality. The increase in area under the receiver operating curve for ARDS reclassification on day 2 was marginal. Conclusions: ARDS, whether resolved or confirmed at day 2, has a high mortality rate. ARDS reclassification at day 2 has limited predictive value for mortality. The substantial mortality risk in severe confirmed ARDS suggests that complex interventions might best be tested in this population. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02010073

Published
2018

250. A Precise Distance to the Host Galaxy of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Using Surface Brightness Fluctuations

Author

Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, National Science Foundation (US), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Villum Fonden, Cantiello, Michele, Jensen, J. B., Blakeslee, J. P., Berger, E., Levan, A.J., Tanvir, N. R., Raimondo, G., Brocato, E., Alexander, K. D., Blanchard, P. K., Branchesi, M., Cano, Z., Chornock, R., Covino, Stefano, Cowperthwaite, P. S., D'Avanzo, P., Eftekhari, T., Fong, W., Fruchter, Andrew S., Grado, A., Hjorth, Jens, Holz, D. E., Lyman, J. D., Mandel, I., Margutti, R., Nicholl, Matt, Villar, V. A., Williams, P. K. G., Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, National Science Foundation (US), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Villum Fonden, Cantiello, Michele, Jensen, J. B., Blakeslee, J. P., Berger, E., Levan, A.J., Tanvir, N. R., Raimondo, G., Brocato, E., Alexander, K. D., Blanchard, P. K., Branchesi, M., Cano, Z., Chornock, R., Covino, Stefano, Cowperthwaite, P. S., D'Avanzo, P., Eftekhari, T., Fong, W., Fruchter, Andrew S., Grado, A., Hjorth, Jens, Holz, D. E., Lyman, J. D., Mandel, I., Margutti, R., Nicholl, Matt, Villar, V. A., and Williams, P. K. G.

Abstract

The joint detection of gravitational waves (GWs) and electromagnetic radiation from the binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817 has provided unprecedented insight into a wide range of physical processes: heavy element synthesis via the r-process; the production of relativistic ejecta; the equation of state of neutron stars and the nature of the merger remnant; the binary coalescence timescale; and a measurement of the Hubble constant via the >standard siren> technique. In detail, all of these results depend on the distance to the host galaxy of the merger event, NGC 4993. In this Letter we measure the surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) distance to NGC 4993 in the F110W and F160W passbands of the Wide Field Camera 3 Infrared Channel (WFC3/IR) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). For the preferred F110W passband we derive a distance modulus of mag, or a linear distance d = 40.7 ±1.4 ±1.9 Mpc (random and systematic errors, respectively); a virtually identical result is obtained from the F160W data. This is the most precise distance to NGC 4993 available to date. Combining our distance measurement with the corrected recession velocity of NGC 4993 implies a Hubble constant H = 71.9 ±7.1 km s Mpc. A comparison of our result to the GW-inferred value of H indicates a binary orbital inclination of i 137°. The SBF technique can be applied to early-type host galaxies of BNS mergers to ∼100 Mpc with HST and possibly as far as ∼300 Mpc with the James Webb Space Telescope, thereby helping to break the inherent distance-inclination degeneracy of the GW data at distances where many future BNS mergers are likely to be detected.© 2018. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Published
2018

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