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Este texto expõe uma meta-compreensão da pesquisa que foca o tema avaliação, no âmbito da Educação Matemática. Consideramos os trabalhos apresentados no III Seminário Internacional de Pesquisa em Educação Matemática (SIPEM) e, numa abordagem fenomenológica-hermenêutica, articulamos a análise estrutural que fornece informações sobre a produção na pesquisa, e a análise hermenêutica para compreender o que nos textos se mostra. O compreendido, na análise efetuada, aponta que há um núcleo de pesquisa na área, expõe as interrogações elaboradas no âmbito da pesquisa com avaliação e os modos pelos quais se conduz à resposta revelando o que é tematizado e quais são as possibilidades abertas à investigação.

The research was carried out on melon (Cucumis melo L. var. inodorus Naud.) in 2006 and 2007 at “Pantanello” Experimental Farm (40° 24’N; 16° 48’E; 10 m a.s.l.; Metaponto, southern Italy) to evaluate the efficacy of a low environmental impact control strategy against powdery mildew of cucurbits. Winter melon was treated with a new anti-oidium formulation, called Stifénia, obtained from fenugreek seeds and stimulating the plant self-defence. The adopted experimental design included two control strategies (1. biological, using Stifénia and 2. conventional, using penconazole, myclobutanil and sulphur) and an untreated control (treated with water alone) applied to two cultivars of inodorus melon (cv ‘Amarillo’ and HF1 ‘Cocorito’, the latter a genotype resistant to powdery mildew). Stifénia applications were not effective against the disease; in fact, there were no differences in percentage of attacked plant surface between treated plots and untreated ones. The melon marketable yield was significantly higher with the conventional strategy respect to Stifénia and control. Repeated applications of Stifénia resulted in a significant decrease of marketable yield even in comparison with the untreated control. The cultivars significantly affected powdery mildew development, since the resistant one (‘Cocorito’) was attacked later and damaged always lower than the non-resistant genotype (‘Amarillo’). Laboratory analyses carried out on infected leaves always confirmed that Golovinomyces cichoracearum D.C. was responsible of the disease.

Text of the 2009 magnum class given in the Post-Graduation Programm of Mathematics Education of UNESP/Rio Claro - Brazil in 03. March of 2009.Texto da aula inaugural proferida no Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática da UNESP de Rio Claro em 03 de março de 2009.

The Graduate Program in Mathematical Education of UNESP - RC (State University of São Paulo at Rio Claro) has been promoting, since 2000, in the city of Ipeúna, SP, an annual internal conference aiming to join the program faculty and student representatives, with the main purpose of evaluating current situation and perspectives, as well as to discuss and to suggest guidelines which could help to bring about qualitative improvements in the Program. The present report describes the main issues discussed in the III Conference that was held from September 9-10 2002.O Programa de pós-graduação em Educação Matemática da UNESP - Rio Claro tem promovido, desde 2000, na cidade de Ipeúna, SP, uma conferência anual interna, visando congregar o Corpo Docente do Programa e representantes de seu Corpo Discente, com o objetivo principal de avaliar a situação atual e perspectivas, assim como o de discutir e sugerir diretrizes que possivelmente possam contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento qualitativo do referido Programa. O presente relato descreve as principais questões tratadas na III Conferência, ocorrida no período de 09 a 10 de setembro de 2002.

Há crescente evidência de que os anticorpos direcionados contra antígenos não-HLA presentes em células endoteliais estão associados à rejeição ao enxerto. Objetivos: 1. Verificar a presença de anticorpos anti-célula endotelial (AACE) nos eluatos de rins nefrectomizados após rejeição mediada por anticorpos não anti-HLA; 2. Verificar a possibilidade de detectar AACE em soros coletados no pré-transplante e antes da rejeição; 3. Verificar o potencial efeito inibitório da IVIG in vitro sobre os AACE. Métodos: Soros (absorvidos com pool de plaquetas) e eluatos provenientes de 12 aloenxertos renais foram testados por citometria de fluxo contra a linhagem EAHy.926 (hibridoma de célula epitelial com célula endotelial). Eluatos positivos foram testados com ou sem adição de imunoglobulina polivalente intravenosa (IVIg). Resultados: A ausência de anticorpos anti-HLA contra o doador foi verificada antes do transplante, da rejeição e antes e depois da transplantectomia, através de provas cruzadas utilizando a técnica de citotoxicidade dependente de complemento (CDC) com e sem anti-globulina humana. Em nove eluatos foram detectados anticorpos reativos contra a linhagem. Em 7/9 casos a marcação de C4d foi negativa. Tais anticorpos não foram detectados no soro pré-transplante. Contudo, 2/4 soros pré-rejeição foram positivos para AACE, e um foi considerado positivo fraco. Em 9 casos, a adição de IVIg resultou em forte diminuição na ligação dos AACE. Conclusões: Os AACE parecem estar envolvidos no processo de rejeição humoral. A detecção de tais anticorpos no soro pré-rejeição abre a possibilidade de um monitoramento imune. A utilização de IVIg para bloqueio da ligação desses anticorpos com a célula-alvo pode funcionar como uma possível terapia na rejeição humoral causada por AACE.

Copyright of Paradigma is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present paper we show data obtained from a normal population with a racially mixed profile typical of the city of São Paulo, State of São Paulo. Data were generated with polymerase chain reaction using sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) for HLA-DRB and polymerase chain reaction followed by hybridization with sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSO) for HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 loci. HLA-DRB, DQA1, DQB1 and haplotype frequencies as well as common linkage disequilibria were found. This population was also shown to be in genetic equilibrium according to the Hardy-Weinberg law. HLA-DR typing of a normal sample from the city of Porto Velho, State of Rondonia, highlighted the importance of different sets of HLA profiles found in other regions of the country. This database provides essential information for screening studies of disease associations, forensic analyses and transplants.Uma análise do perfil dos antígenos HLA de classe II numa amostra da população de São Paulo é descrita neste trabalho. Os dados foram obtidos através de técnicas de amplificação gênica utilizando-se iniciadores seqüências-específicos para HLA-DRB (PCR-SSP) ou amplificação gênica seguida de hibridação com oligonucleotídeos específicos (PCR-SSOP) para HLA-DQA e DQB. Foram calculadas as freqüências gênicas e as freqüências haplotípicas DRB-DQB e DQA-DQB e a população mostrou estar em equilíbrio genético de acordo com a lei de Hardy-Weinberg. Finalmente, comparamos também os dados obtidos com os da população de Porto Velho, Rondônia, salientando a importância da obtenção de dados regionais para os controles quando se estuda este complexo sistema genético.

Quantifying user behaviors at sit-stand desks is critical to understanding the efficacy of these workstations to reduce exposures to prolonged sitting or standing. A custom after-market desk-mounted sensor predicting sit-stand desk use by measuring desk floor heights, desk user distances, and the temperature in front of the desk was tested. The authors performed sensor component testing, a survey of desk height ranges, and a logistic model to estimate gross posture and user presence with a 95.6% accuracy rate. This approach can aid researchers and ergonomists in understanding sit-stand desk use in the field, with the end goal of reducing sedentary work activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Chromatin immunoprecipitation on tiling arrays (ChIP-chip) has been employed to examine features such as protein binding and histone modifications on a genome-wide scale in a variety of cell types. Array data from the latter studies typically have a high proportion of enriched probes whose signals vary considerably (due to heterogeneity in the cell population), and this makes their normalization and downstream analysis difficult. Results Here we present strategies for analyzing such experiments, focusing our discussion on the analysis of Bromodeoxyruridine (BrdU) immunoprecipitation on tiling array (BrdU-IP-chip) datasets. BrdU-IP-chip experiments map large, recently replicated genomic regions and have similar characteristics to histone modification/location data. To prepare such data for downstream analysis we employ a dynamic programming algorithm that identifies a set of putative unenriched probes, which we use for both within-array and between-array normalization. We also introduce a second dynamic programming algorithm that incorporates a priori knowledge to identify and quantify positive signals in these datasets. Conclusion Highly enriched IP-chip datasets are often difficult to analyze with traditional array normalization and analysis strategies. Here we present and test a set of analytical tools for their normalization and quantification that allows for accurate identification and analysis of enriched regions.

Copyright of Paradigma is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The processing of information in digital media is of vital importance in maintaining the privacy of individuals at a time when the availability and indiscriminate use of data and information is performed in spite of the knowledge and agreement of the parties. Despite the existence of legal instruments, such as ISO 29100, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Standard, the European Data Protection General Regulation and, more recently, Brazilian Federal Law 13709/2018, these standards do not tool for visualization and handling of this data. The purpose of this article is to apply the concept of the Johari Window tool as a model of privacy studies in shared digital environments. The method used was the theoretical transposition of the quadrants used by the Johari Window, originating in the field of psychology, for the flow of personal data and information in shared digital environments. After this conceptual step, the Window was applied in a practical case study between an insurer, an insured and an agent of that insurer in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the instrument. The study reveals that the Johari Window is a tool that can be used to model privacy in shared digital environments, leading to a conceptual framework for privacy discussion and its dynamics in the transformation and sharing of personal data and information. Because it is a visual tool to identify asymmetries, it can facilitate the design of requirements for a system of data privacy analysis, expanding its application in society and academia. for the flow of personal data and information in shared digital environments. After this conceptual step, the Window was applied in a practical case study between an insurer, an insured and an agent of that insurer in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the instrument. The study reveals that the Johari Window is a tool that can be used to model privacy in shared digital environments, leading to a conceptual framework for privacy discussion and its dynamics in the transformation and sharing of personal data and information. Because it is a visual tool to identify asymmetries, it can facilitate the design of requirements for a system of data privacy analysis, expanding its application in society and academia. for the flow of personal data and information in shared digital environments. After this conceptual step, the Window was applied in a practical case study between an insurer, an insured and an agent of that insurer in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the instrument. The study reveals that the Johari Window is a tool that can be used to model privacy in shared digital environments, leading to a conceptual framework for privacy discussion and its dynamics in the transformation and sharing of personal data and information. Because it is a visual tool to identify asymmetries, it can facilitate the design of requirements for a system of data privacy analysis, expanding its application in society and academia. the Window was applied in a practical case study between an insurer, an insured and an agent of that insurer in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the instrument. The study reveals that the Johari Window is a tool that can be used to model privacy in shared digital environments, leading to a conceptual framework for privacy discussion and its dynamics in the transformation and sharing of personal data and information. Because it is a visual tool to identify asymmetries, it can facilitate the design of requirements for a system of data privacy analysis, expanding its application in society and academia. the Window was applied in a practical case study between an insurer, an insured and an agent of that insurer in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the instrument. The study reveals that the Johari Window is a tool that can be used to model privacy in shared digital environments, leading to a conceptual framework for privacy discussion and its dynamics in the transformation and sharing of personal data and information. Because it is a visual tool to identify asymmetries, it can facilitate the design of requirements for a system of data privacy analysis, expanding its application in society and academia. The study reveals that the Johari Window is a tool that can be used to model privacy in shared digital environments, leading to a conceptual framework for privacy discussion and its dynamics in the transformation and sharing of personal data and information. Because it is a visual tool to identify asymmetries, it can facilitate the design of requirements for a system of data privacy analysis, expanding its application in society and academia. The study reveals that the Johari Window is a tool that can be used to model privacy in shared digital environments, leading to a conceptual framework for privacy discussion and its dynamics in the transformation and sharing of personal data and information. Because it is a visual tool to identify asymmetries, it can facilitate the design of requirements for a system of data privacy analysis, expanding its application in society and academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background A critical flicker frequency (CFF) ≤39 Hz identifies cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (mHE) and predicts the risk of both overt hepatic encephalopathy (oHE) and mortality in patients with previous episodes of decompensation and/or oHE. Aims Herein, we evaluated the effectiveness of CFF in predicting the first episode of oHE and survival in cirrhotics who had never experienced an episode of oHE. Methods Our cohort study of 134 patients and 150 healthy subjects were examined. A CFF > 39 Hz was considered normal and pathological when ≤39 Hz. The median follow up was 36 months. Results At baseline, all controls had CFF > 39 Hz. Ninety-three patients had a CFF > 39 Hz and 41 had a CFF ≤ 39 Hz. The prevalence of CFF ≤ 39 Hz significantly increased with the progression of the Child–Pugh class (p = 0.003). Moreover, the risk of oHE was increased by CFF ≤ 39 (p < 0.001, by log-rank test) [HR = 7.57; CI(3.27–17.50); p < 0.0001, by Cox model] and ammonia [HR = 1.02 CI(1.01–1.03), p = 0.0009]. Both a CFF value ≤ 39 Hz and Child–Pugh class were independent predictors of mortality by Cox model [HR = 1.97; CI(1.01–3.95), p = 0.049; HR = 3.85 CI(1.68–8.83), p = 0.003]. Conclusions CFF predicts the first episode of oHE in cirrhotics that had never experienced oHE, and predicts mortality risk. These findings suggest that cirrhotic patients should be routinely screened by CFF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we discuss our views on the importance of teaching Gödel's incompleteness theorem (GIT) in Mathematics teaching degrees. This theorem addresses formal Mathematics systems, such as Peano arithmetic. It does not directly deal with elementary school contents taught by Mathematics teachers. It highlights a fundamental characteristic of the axiomatic method through which Mathematics is produced. The main ideas established by GIT cover the incompleteness of proof of arithmetic consistency in arithmetical language. Incompleteness means the existence of true propositions about natural numbers that cannot be proved by elementary arithmetic. A corollary established that, if arithmetic is consistent, such consistency cannot be proved by any metamathematical argument that can be represented according to the formalism of arithmetic. In other words, not even the most elementary axiomatic systems of Mathematics, which formalize natural numbers, can prove all truths established in its own spectrum. Knowing this result and the conclusions that it reaches is essential in terms of the mathematical culture of a teacher preparing to teach Mathematics in schools, as a means to avoid nurturing the notion of complete Mathematics and the totalitarianism of the axiomatic method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nabiximols improves the subjective perception of urinary disturbances. • Nabiximols improves urodynamic parameters, particularly in hyperactive bladder. • The effect of nabiximols on urinary disturbances is independent from spasticity. • Nabiximols may be useful to treat urinary disturbances in the absence of spasticity. Spasticity and urinary disturbances can profoundly impact the daily lives of persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Cannabis has been associated with improvement in sphincteric disturbances. To our knowledge, few studies have evaluated the effect of nabiximols oromucosal spray (Sativex®) on urinary disturbances by instrumental methods. This longitudinal study was conducted to assess the effect of nabiximols oromucosal spray on urinary disturbances by clinical and urodynamic evaluation in pwMS. Neurological, spasticity, and quality of life (QoL) assessments were performed before (T0), and at one (T1) and six (T6) months after the start of nabiximols treatment. At these same time points, patients were assessed for urinary disturbances by the International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS) and a urodynamic test evaluating maximum detrusor pressure (P det), bladder filling capacity (CC max), uninhibited detrusor contractions (UDC), bladder volume at first desire (BVFD), post-void residual volume (PVR) and voluntary abdominal pressure (PA). Of 31 pwMS enrolled in the study, 25 reached T1 and 18 reached T6. Mean IPSS total score, its subscores, and IPSS QoL decreased significantly from T0 to T6 (p = 0.000), with no differences according to sex, age, MS type, disease duration and disability at baseline. P det improved significantly from T0 to T6 (p = 0.0171), and CC max changed only marginally (p = 0.0494); results were similar in patient subgroups naïve to or previously exposed to urological treatment. All patients with overactive bladder showed improvement in their urodynamic assessment based on significant reduction of P det (p = 0.0138). In patients with mainly hypotonic bladder, mean P det decreased from T0 to T6 without reaching statistical significance; most urodynamic parameters showed a trend to improve. Mean numerical scale scores for MS spasticity, and for spasms, pain and tremors, decreased significantly from T0 to T6. The mean 'physical health composite' score of the MS Quality of Life-54 questionnaire increased significantly from T0 to T6 (p = 0.0126). Our data suggest that nabiximols has an appreciable effect on ameliorating subjective perception of urinary disturbances and appears to have a positive effect on objective urodynamic parameters, particularly in patients with hyperactive bladder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]