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Pogonus (Pogonus) smaragdinus Waltl, 1835 Figs 2F, 3K, 5E Pogonus (Pogonus) smaragdinus Waltl, 1835: 53. Pogonus viridimicans Fairmaire, 1852: 69. Diagnoses Tegument shiny, bluish or emerald green. Pronotum sub-cordiform and markedly convex; surface of the central disc smooth. Elytra sub-parallel and convex. Up to 3 setigerous pores in the 3 rd interstria. Material examined SPAIN • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Cádiz, San Fernando, Campo Soto; 11 Nov. 1993; P. Coello leg.; VMO • 2 ♂♂; Cádiz, Chiclana; 29 Mar. 1991; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♂; Cádiz, La Janda; 18 Oct. 1980; J. de Ferrer leg.; VMO • 1 spec.; Cádiz, Laguna de La Janda; 15 Jun. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Cádiz, Los Barrios; 27 Apr. 1976; J. de Ferrer leg.; VMO • 2 specs; Cádiz, Palmones; 27 Apr. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 2 specs; same collection data as for preceding; 3 May 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 3 specs; same collection data as for preceding; 29 Apr. 1976; MNCN • 3 specs; Cádiz, San Fernando; 15 Apr. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 1 spec.; Cádiz, Zahara de los Atunes; 24 Apr. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; 22 May 1976; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Sevilla, Los Palacios y Fillafranca, Caño de la Vera; 30 Nov. 2002; J. Navarro leg.; VMO. Description Habitus (Fig. 2F). Length: 6.5–8.0 mm. Palps yellow; antennae entirely testaceous. Anterior angles of the pronotum rounded and not protruding; lateral sulcus narrow. Base of the pronotum punctured. Legs pallid testaceous or yellow. Median lobe of the aedeagus narrow, arcuate near the distal extreme and with claw-appearance since the apex is abruptly directed down (Fig. 3K). Chorology Species with a narrow distribution: it is present only at coastal and saline interior localities of the meridional extreme of the Iberian Peninsula (Fig. 5E) and in North Africa (Vives 1965; Bousquet 2017). Biology There is no published information about the biology of this Pogonini. The first record of P. smaragdinus in an interior locality of the Iberian Peninsula corresponds to the Laguna de Herrera, a saline lagoon in Antequera (Málaga, Spain) (Zaballos, 1986a). Bibliographic Ibero-Balearic records Champion 1898; Zaballos 1986a; Zaballos & Jeanne 1994., Published as part of Muñoz-Santiago, José & Ortuño, Vicente M., 2022, Revision of the tribe Pogonini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from the Ibero-Balearic region, pp. 75-109 in European Journal of Taxonomy 846 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1967, http://zenodo.org/record/7277247, {"references":["Waltl J. 1835. Reise durch Tyrol, Oberitalien und Piemont nach dem sudlichen Spanien, nebst einem Anhange zoologischen Inhalts. Pustet, Passau.","Fairmaire L. 1852. Quelques coleopteres nouveaux du midi de l'Europe et du nord de l'Afrique. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (2) 10: 69 - 93.","Vives J. 1965. Caraboidea de la provincia de Cadiz. Miscellanea Zoologica 2 (1): 63 - 77.","Bousquet Y. 2017. Tribe Pogonini Laporte, 1834. In: Lobl I. & Lobl D. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Revised and Updated Edition. Vol. 1. Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga: 354 - 357. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden.","Zaballos J. P. 1986 a. Adiciones al catalogo de los carabidos (Coleoptera) de la Peninsula Iberica. Actas de las VIII Jornadas de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia: 710 - 719.","Champion G. C. 1898. A list of the Cicindelidae, Carabidae and Staphylinidae collected by Mr. J. J. Walker, R. N., F. L. S., in the region of the Strait of Gibraltar. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, part I 5: 65 - 103.","Zaballos J. P. & Jeanne C. 1994. Nuevo catalogo de los carabidos (Coleoptera) de la Peninsula Iberica. Monografias de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 1: 66 - 67."]}

Pogonus (Pogonus) pallidipennis Dejean, 1828 Figs 2D, 3I, 5C Pogonus (Pogonus) pallidipennis Dejean, 1828: 7. Pogonus rappi Hubenthal, 1915: 107. Diagnoses Tegument similar than in P. luridipennis. Pronotum weakly or not transverse, sub-cordiform. Elytra narrow, parallel and convex. Up to 3 setigerous pores in the 3 rd interstria. Material examined No Ibero-Balearic material was available for study. FRANCE • 4 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer; 28 Mar. 1974; G. Dubault leg.; VMO. Description Habitus (Fig. 2D). Length: 7.0–8.0 mm. Antennomeres testaceous, but the 2 nd and 3 rd are slightly lighter than the rest. Palps yellow. Lateral sinuosity of the pronotum relatively long and smooth; lateral sulcus slightly widened. Anterior region of the pronotum slightly punctured; punctuation of the base deep, combined with marked longitudinal clefts that give the surface a striated appearance. Legs entirely testaceous. Median lobe of the aedeagus wide in its median region, clearly arcuate and with the apex narrow and relatively sharp (Fig. 3I). Chorology Species present along the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula, France and Italy (Bousquet 2017). Ibero-Balearic distribution (Fig. 5C): in the Iberian Peninsula, the only precise records of this species come from some localities of the Catalan coast (NE Spain), but it has also been reported, with no precision, from the coast of Valencia (E Spain; Zaballos & Jeanne 1994). Biology The few published comments about its biology remark that, as in other Pogonini, P. pallidipennis has a sub-lapidicolous life close to wet and saline zones (it can also be collected under other solid objects that act as refuges) (Español 1964). Bibliographic Ibero-Balearic records Español 1964; Vives & Vives 1978a; Zaballos & Jeanne 1994., Published as part of Muñoz-Santiago, José & Ortuño, Vicente M., 2022, Revision of the tribe Pogonini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from the Ibero-Balearic region, pp. 75-109 in European Journal of Taxonomy 846 (1) on page 96, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1967, http://zenodo.org/record/7277247, {"references":["Dejean P. F. M. A. 1828. Species General des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome troisieme. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris.","Hubenthal W. 1915. Eine neue Art der Coleopterengattung Pogonus Dej. aus Sud-Frankreich. Entomologische Blatter 11: 107 - 108.","Bousquet Y. 2017. Tribe Pogonini Laporte, 1834. In: Lobl I. & Lobl D. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Revised and Updated Edition. Vol. 1. Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga: 354 - 357. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden.","Zaballos J. P. & Jeanne C. 1994. Nuevo catalogo de los carabidos (Coleoptera) de la Peninsula Iberica. Monografias de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 1: 66 - 67.","Espanol F. 1964. Algunos carabidos interesantes del Levante Espanol (Coleoptera). Graellsia 20 (4 - 6): 277 - 280.","Vives J. & Vives E. 1978 a Coleopteros halofilos de Los Monegros. Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia 2: 205 - 214."]}

Pogonus (Pogonus) chalceus viridanus Dejean, 1828 Figs 1F, 3E, 4E Pogonus (Pogonus) chalceus viridanus Dejean, 1828: 14. Diagnoses Tegument bronze or blue with metallic sheen. Pronotum cordiform; anterior region clearly punctured. Elytra generally wide and sub-oval. Up to 3 setigerous pores in the 3 rd interstria. Material examined PORTUGAL • 1 ♂; P. d’Oliveira leg.; Pérez Arcas coll.; MNCN • 4 ♀♀; Algarve, Faro; Paulino leg.; MNCN. SPAIN • 1 ♂; [A] Coruña; Bolívar leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; A Coruña, Boiro, Playa Mañons; 25 Jul. 1992; V.M. Ortuño leg.; VMO • 2 ♂♂; Albacete, Laguna de Pétrola; 18 Jul. 1989; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Albacete, Laguna del Salobralejo; 15 May 1999; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♂; Alicante, Calpe; 30 Dec. 1984; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 21 Dec. 1985; VMO • 1 ♂; Alicante, Elche, El Hondo; 3 May 1986; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 9 Mar. 1991; VMO • 2 ♂♂, 1♀; Alicante, Salinas, Laguna de Salinas; 14 May 1993; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Mar. 1994; VMO • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Alicante, Salinas de Calpe; 22 Apr. 1934; C. Bolívar leg.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂; Alicante, Urbanova; 21 Apr. 1988; V.M. Ortuño leg.; VMO • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Apr. 1988; VMO • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Apr. 2002; VMO • 1 ♀; Alicante, Santa Pola; 17 Jan. 1983; T.G. Sempere leg.; VMO • 2 ♂♂; Alicante, Salinas de Santa Pola; 11 Feb. 1980; T.G. Sempere leg.; VMO • 1 ♀; Alicante, Santa Pola, srra. [mountain range]; 6 Mar. 1994; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Dec. 1994; VMO • 1 ♀; Alicante, Guardamar del Segura, Segura River; 30 Mar. 1996; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Barcelona, Faro de Llobregat; Oct. 1987; Bolívar leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Cádiz; 1918; Smith leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Cádiz, Conil de la Frontera, El Palmar; 29 Aug. 2001; J. Navarro leg.; VMO • 72 specs; Cádiz, Jerez, Laguna de Medina; 8 May 1982; Ramírez leg.; Ferrer coll.; MNCN • 2 specs; Cádiz, Palmones; 29 Apr. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Jul. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 4 specs; Cádiz, Tarifa, Punta Paloma; 6 Jun. 1998; Ferrer coll; MNCN • 2 specs; Cádiz, San Fernando; 13 Jun. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; 15 Apr. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 1 spec.; Cádiz, San Roque; 20 Jul 1974; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 1 spec.; Cádiz, Zahara de los Atunes; 24 Apr. 1976; J. Ramírez leg.; MNCN • 4 ♂♂; Ciudad Real; Pozuelo de Calatrava; MNCN • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Cuenca, Uclés; Pantel leg.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Lauffer leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; no leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; Var. leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; Girona, Aiguamolls del Emporda; 25 Apr. 1990; V.M. Ortuño leg.; VMO • 1 ♀; Guadalajara, Imón, Salinas de Imón; 10 Aug. 2021; J. MuñozSantiago, V.M. Ortuño and E. Andrés Gómez leg.; JMS • 1 ♀; Guadalajara, Paredes de Sigüenza; 8 Mar. 1985; V.M. Ortuño leg.; VMO • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Guadalajara, Santamera; 10 Aug. 2021; J. Muñoz-Santiago, V.M. Ortuño & E. Andrés Gómez leg.; JMS • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Aug. 2021; J. Muñoz-Santiago leg.; JMS • 1 spec.; Málaga, Sierra de las Nieves; 22 Jun. 1966; Ferrer coll.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Mallorca; Mas de Xaxars leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Mallorca, Palma; Lauffer leg.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Moraguer leg.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂; Mallorca, Pollensa; H.J. Jorda leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; Sevilla; Marvier leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Soria; Pérez Arcas coll.; MNCN • 1 spec.; Toledo, Quero; 12 May 1899; Lauffer leg.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jun. 1909; MNCN • 2 ♂♂, Toledo, Quero, Laguna Grande; 9 Apr. 1993; V.M. Oruño leg.; VMO • 2 ♂♂; Toledo, Villacañas, Laguna de Peña Hueca; 9 Apr. 1993; V.M. Ortuño leg.; VMO • 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Toledo, Villacañas; 24 May 1999; Lauffer leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 20 May 1934; C. Bolívar leg.; MNCN • 9 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; no date; MNCN • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; MNCN • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Madrid, Aranjuez; F. Moróder leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Sanz leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Bolívar leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Lauffer leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; no leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; Madrid, Aranjuez, Laguna de Ontígola; 1 Jan. 1973; J. Serrano leg.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Apr. 1975; J. Serrano leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; Murcia, Cartagena; Dec., no year; G. Schramm leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; no date; no leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Valencia, El Puig; 11 Apr. 1987; J.M. Beltrán leg.; VMO • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Valladolid; 29 Sep. 1921; Lezcano leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; no date; Chevrolat leg.; Pérez Arcas coll.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂; Bolívar leg.; Pérez Arcas coll.; MNCN • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Zamora, Lagunas de Villafáfila; 6 Feb. 1987; V.M. Ortuño leg.; VMO • 3 ♂♂; Zaragoza, Laguna de Gallocanta; 17 Jul 1981; J. Serrano leg.; MNCN. Description Habitus (Fig. 1F). Length: 5.0–7.0 mm. Antennae testaceous, with the distal half of the antennomere 2 and the base of the rest of antennomeres lighter (sometimes the last antennomeres are entirely lightened). Palps yellow, with the base of the last palpomere darkened.Anterior angles of the pronotum more marked than in other species. Lateral sulcus of the pronotum slightly widened. Legs testaceous, sometimes slightly yellow. Median lobe of the aedeagus arcuate; the internal sac presents a characteristic thornshaped sclerotised piece whose apex is directed to the dorsum, among others (Fig. 3E). Chorology The species is distributed along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa to the North Sea and the Black Sea (Magrini & Schembri 1997; Tamadouni & Arahou 2016; Bousquet 2017). The subspecies P. c. viridanus occurs in the Iberian Peninsula and, with P. c. alticola Antoine, 1955, in North Africa (Bousquet 2017). The populations of the rest of Europe correspond to the subspecies P. c. chalceus (Marsham, 1802). Ibero-Balearic distribution (Fig. 4E): in the Iberian Peninsula, P. c. viridanus is present at several localities of the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts and in many interior saline lagoons and saltmarshes. The species is known from Los Monegros Desert (NE Spain), with no precise records (Vives & Vives 1978a). We could examine collection material from unpublished but imprecise localities: Sierra de las Nieves Natural Park (Málaga, SE Spain), Coruña (NW Spain), Soria (NE Spain) and Valladolid (NW Spain). In the Balearic Islands, it is present in Mallorca, Menorca and Ibiza. Biology Species that inhabits both coastal and interior regions, as long as it finds the conditions that it requires (see Vives & Vives 1978a), where it is very common (Andújar et al. 2002). It has been typically considered as a spring/summer-reproductive species, both in the Iberian Peninsula (Cárdenas et al. 1999) and other Palaearctic regions (Matalin & Makarov 2008). Following the information provided by some authors, the imagoes are present during all or most of the year, with a peak of activity between March and August (Sauleda 1985; Andújar et al. 2002). In addition, Ortuño & Marcos (2003) remark the scarcity –not absence– of individuals during the driest months. The phenotypical variability of this species had resulted in the descriptions of several subspecies and ‘forms’ along the geographic regions where it is present (Carret 1903; Bousquet 2017; see Machado 1992). The dispersal ability of P. chalceus depends on its wing-polymorphism status (Desender 1989; Desender et al. 1998), with flightless individuals more frequent in Atlantic than in Mediterranean populations (Desender et al. 2000). This genetic difference could be related, according to Desender et al. (2000), with the stability of the environment: the Atlantic habitats, in general, are subject to fewer alterations than the Mediterranean ones, resulting in a smaller need for colonisation of new territories and, therefore, the existence of a higher proportion of flightless individuals. The genetic features of P. chalceus and their implications in the phenotype were widely studied and discussed by Van Belleghem (2014). Bibliographic Ibero-Balearic records Aistleitner & Lencina 2018; Andújar et al. 2001, 2002; Baehr 1986; Campos Gómez & Novoa 2006; Champion 1898; Chapman & Champion 1907; Compte Sart 1968; Desender et al. 2000; Eiroa et al. 1988; Herrera & Arricibita 1990; Jeanne 1968, 1978; López-Pérez et al. 2014; Mateu 1947; Novoa et al. 1998; Ortiz et al. 1989; Ortuño et al. 1997; Ortuño & Marcos 2003; Ortuño & Toribio 1996; Prieto 2018; Prieto Piloña & Valcárcel 1996; Putzeys 1874; Ramos-Abuín 1990; Ruiz-Tapiador & Zaballos 2001; Sauleda 1985; Santos et al. 1985; Serrano 1983; Serrano et al. 1990, 2015, 2021; Viñolas et al. 2019; Vives & Vives 1978a, 1986; Zaballos 1986b., Published as part of Muñoz-Santiago, José & Ortuño, Vicente M., 2022, Revision of the tribe Pogonini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from the Ibero-Balearic region, pp. 75-109 in European Journal of Taxonomy 846 (1) on pages 90-92, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1967, http://zenodo.org/record/7277247, {"references":["Dejean P. F. M. A. 1828. Species General des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome troisieme. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris.","Magrini P. & Schembri S. 1997. A topographic catalogue of the Carabidae of the Maltese Islands (Coleoptera). Bolletino della Societa entomologica italiana 129 (3): 213 - 234.","Tamadouni I. & Arahou M. 2016. Settlement of beetles of the Wetland of Sidi Moussa-Oualidia. Journal of Entomology 14 (1): 33 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.3923 / je. 2017.33.43","Bousquet Y. 2017. Tribe Pogonini Laporte, 1834. In: Lobl I. & Lobl D. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Revised and Updated Edition. Vol. 1. Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga: 354 - 357. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden.","Vives J. & Vives E. 1978 a Coleopteros halofilos de Los Monegros. Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia 2: 205 - 214.","Andujar C., Andujar A., Lencina J. L., Ruano L. & Serrano J. 2002. Los Carabidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) de lagunas y embalses de Albacete. Sabuco, Revista de Estudios Albacetenses 3: 23 - 76.","Cardenas A. M., Gallardo P., Gonzalez R. & Hidalgo J. M. 1999. Biologia de reproduccion de Chlaenius velutinus (Duftschmid, 1812) (Coleoptera, Carabidae) en el sur de la Peninsula Iberica. Zoologica baetica 10: 113 - 122.","Matalin A. V. & Makarov K. V. 2008. Life cycles in the ground-beetle tribe Pogonini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from the Lake Elton region, Russia. In: Penev L., Erwin T. & Assmann T. (eds) Back to the Roots and Back to the Future. Towards a New Synthesis amongst Taxonomic, Ecological and Biogeographical Approaches in Carabidology. Proceedings of the XIII European Carabidologists Meeting, Blagoevgrad, August 20 - 24, 2007: 305 - 323. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow.","Sauleda N. 1985. Caraboidea ammofilos y halofitos de la provincia de Alicante. Anales de la Universidad de Alicante. Escuela de Magisterio 2: 241 - 264.","Ortuno V. M. & Marcos J. M. 2003. Los Caraboidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) de la Comunidad Autonoma del Pais Vasco. Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia (Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco), Vitoria-Gasteiz.","Carret A. 1903. Notes relatives a l'etude de quelques pogonides. Creation d'un sous-genre. Description d'espece et varietes nouvelles. L'Echange, Revue Linneenne 19: 150 - 152.","Machado A. 1992. Monografia de los Carabidos de las Islas Canarias (Insecta, Coleoptera). Instituto de Estudios Canarios, La Laguna, Tenerife.","Desender K. 1989. Heritability of wing development and body size in a carabid beetle, Pogonus chalceus Marsham, and its evolutionary significance. Oecologia 78: 513 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00378743","Desender K., Backeljau T., Delahaye K. & De Meester L. 1998. Age and size of European saltmarshes and the population genetic consequences for ground beetles. Oecologia 114: 503 - 513. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 004420050474","Desender K., Serrano J. & Verdyck P. 2000. Genetic diversity and wing polymorphism in the saltmarsh beetle Pogonus chalceus: an Atlantic-Mediterranean comparison. In: Brandmayr P., Lovei G. L., Zetto Brandmayr T., Casale A. & Vigna Taglianti A. (eds) Natural History and Applied Ecology of Carabid Beetles: 35 - 43. Pensoft, Sofia.","Van Belleghem S. M. 2014. Genomic and behavioral aspects of recurrent ecotypic divergence in the wing polymorphic beetle Pogonus chalceus. PhD thesis, Ghent University, Belgium.","Aistleitner E. & Lencina J. L. 2018. Fragmenta entomofaunistica XXV. Zur Laufkaferfauna der Iberischen Halbinsel (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomofauna 39 (2): 623 - 669.","Andujar C., Andujar A., Lencina J. L., Ruano L. & Serrano J. 2001. Los Carabidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) del Saladar de Cordovilla (Albacete). Sabuco, Revista de Estudios Albacetenses 2: 121 - 166.","Baehr M. 1986. On the carabid fauna of the province of Girona, northeastern Spain (Insecta, Coleoptera). Miscel. ania Zoologica 10: 161 - 171.","Campos Gomez A. M. & Novoa F. 2006. Los Carabidae (orden Coleoptera) de Galicia (N. O. de Espana). Catalogo, distribucion y ecologia. Monografias de Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana - Serie Bioloxia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.","Champion G. C. 1898. A list of the Cicindelidae, Carabidae and Staphylinidae collected by Mr. J. J. Walker, R. N., F. L. S., in the region of the Strait of Gibraltar. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, part I 5: 65 - 103.","Chapman T. A. & Champion G. C. 1907. Entomology in N. W. Spain (Galicia and Leon). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, part I: 147 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1907. tb 03068. x","Compte Sart A. 1968. La Fauna de Menorca y su Origen (Sintesis de la Fauna de Menorca, su Naturaleza y un Ensayo acerca de su Origen). Ateneo Cientifico, Literario y Artistico, Mahon.","Eiroa E., Novoa F. & Gonzalez J. 1988. La entomofauna de las dunas de la Playa de Barra (Cangas- Pontevedra). III. Coleoptera. Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia 12: 301 - 317.","Herrera L. & Arricibita F. J. 1990. Los Carabidos de Navarra, Espana (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Descripcion, Binomia, Distribucion, Geografia y Clasificacion. Entomograph vol. 12., E. J. Brill / Scandinavian Science Press.","Jeanne C. 1968. Carabiques de la Peninsule Iberique (7 e note). Actes de la Societe linneenne de Bourdeaux 105 (S. A, 1): 1 - 25.","Jeanne C. 1978. Carabiques de la Peninsule Iberique (3 e supplement). Bulletin de la Societe linneenne de Bordeaux 8: 21 - 47.","Lopez-Perez J. J., Sanchez Gea J. F., Cardenas Talaveron A. & Serrano J. 2014. Catalogo de los Carabidae (Coleoptera) de la provincia de Huelva (suroeste de Andalucia, Espana). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 54: 263 - 292.","Mateu J. 1947. Los carabidos de la delta del rio Llobregat. Graellsia 5 (1): 1 - 19.","Novoa F., Baselga A. & Campos A. 1998. Inventario de coleopteros (Carabidae, Staphylinidae y Chrysomelidae) de los sistemas dunares y lagunares del Parque Natural de Corrubedo (Galicia, noroeste de la Peninsula Iberica). Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana (Bioloxia) 8: 281 - 295.","Ortiz A. S., Galian J., Andujar A. & Serrano J. 1989. Estudio comparativo de la fauna de carabidos de algunas lagunas de la region manchego-levantina (Espana). (Coleoptera: Adephaga). Anales de Biologia, 15 (Biologia Animal 4): 49 - 57.","Ortuno V. M., Zabalegui I. & Marcos J. M. 1997. Nuevos datos de Pseudolimnaeum inustum (Duval, 1857) en la Peninsula Iberica y descripcion de la genitalia femenina (Coleoptera, Caraboidea: Trechidae). Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia 21 (3 - 4): 185 - 193.","Ortuno V. M. & Toribio M. 1996. Los Coleopteros Carabidos. Morfologia, Biologia y Sistematica. Fauna de la Comunidad de Madrid. Organismo Autonomo Parques Nacionales (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente), Madrid.","Prieto M. 2018. Els coleopters del delta del Llobregat. Aproximacio historica i noves aportacions. In: Germain i Otzet J. & Pino i Vilalta J. (eds) Els sistemes naturals del delta del Llobregat: 408 - 482. Treballs de la Institucio Catalana d'Historia Natural (19), Barcelona.","Prieto Pilona F. & Valcarcel J. P. 1996. Catalogo bibliografico de los Caraboidea (Coleoptera) de Galicia (N. O. de la Peninsula Iberica). Suplemento del Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 1: 1 - 17.","Putzeys M. J. 1874. Releve des Cicindelides et Carabiques recueillis en Portugal par M. Camille van Volxem en mai et juin 1871. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 17: 47 - 60.","Ramos-Abuin J. A. 1990. Carabidos (Coleoptera: Carabidae) del complejo dunar-marismeno de Baldayo (La Coruna, Galicia). Actas del IV Congreso Iberico de Entomologia, Sant Feliu de Guixols: 103 - 104.","Ruiz-Tapiador I. & Zaballos J. P. 2001. Los Caraboidea (Coleoptera) de los Montes de Toledo (Espana Central). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 29: 11 - 31.","Santos A., Montes C. & Ramirez-Diaz L. 1985. Ciclos de vida de algunas poblaciones de Carabidos (Col. Carabidae) de dos ecosistemas del bajo Guadalquivir (SO Espana) con especial referencia a Steropus globosus ebenus Quens, 1806. Revue d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol 22 (1): 75 - 95.","Serrano J. 1983. Contribucion al conocimiento de los Carabidos (Col.) de la Laguna de Gallocanta. Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia 6 (2): 369 - 379.","Serrano J., Ortiz A. S. & Galan J. 1990. Los Carabidae de lagunas y rios de la Submeseta Sur, Espana (Coleoptera, Adephaga). Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia 14: 199 - 210.","Serrano J., Fernandez J. J., Fernandez B., Ruiz C. & Petitpierre E. 2015. Los coleopteros carabidos de las islas Baleares (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia 39 (1 - 2): 39 - 97.","Serrano J., Lencina J. L. & Minano J. 2021. Catalogo de los Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae y Carabidae) de la Region de Murcia. Editum. Ediciones de la Universidad de Murcia. https: // doi. org / 10.6018 / editum. 2874","Vinolas A., Piera E. & Munoz-Batet J. 2019. Noves aportacions al coneixement de la fauna coleopterologica de Catalunya i Illes Balears. Nota 6 ª. (Coleoptera). Bulleti de la Institucio Catalana d'Historia Natural. Gea, Flora et Fauna 83: 61 - 69.","Vives J. & Vives E. 1986. Carabidos (Ins. Coleoptera) de la Laguna de Sarinena. In: Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses (ed.) Estudio Multidisciplinar de La Laguna, Sarinena (Huesca): 127 - 136. Coleccion de Estudios Altoaragoneses (6), Huesca.","Zaballos J. P. 1986 b. Primera contribucion al conocimiento de los carabidos (Coleoptera) de las lagunas salinas y subsalinas de la Meseta Norte. Actas de las VIII Jornadas de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia: 700 - 709."]}

Subgenus Pogonus Dejean, 1821 1. Body coloration uniform: head, pronotum and elytra concolorous.................................................. 2 – Body bicolored: head and pronotum metallic green, elytra orange-testaceous (similar to the appendices)....................................................................................................................................... 6 2. 3 rd interstria with fewer than 5 setigerous pores............................................................................... 3 – 3 rd interstria with 5 setigerous pores. Tegument dark brown, with bronze sheen. Pronotum cordiform, transverse or sub-transverse. Length: 5.5–6.0 mm......... Pogonus (Pogonus) gilvipes Dejean, 1828 3. Pronotum almost quadrangular, with the posterior region weakly narrowed and the base markedly wider than the anterior margin. Length: 6.0–8.0 mm.... Pogonus (Pogonus) riparius Dejean, 1828 – Pronotum cordiform, with the posterior region clearly narrowed and the base barely wider than the anterior margin.................................................................................................................................. 4 4. Tegument bluish green or emerald. Legs yellowish, paler. Pronotal disc smooth, very shiny. Length: 6.5–8.0 mm............................................................... Pogonus (Pogonus) smaragdinus Waltl, 1835 – Tegument darker, in general bronze. Legs testaceous or brown, darker. Pronotal disk with a fine reticulation that makes it less shiny. Length: 5.5–7.0 mm................................................................ 5 5. Anterior region of the pronotum markedly punctured. Elytra in general sub-oval, clearly wider than the pronotum. First antennomere brown. Length: 5.0–7.0 mm................................................................................................................................. Pogonus (Pogonus) chalceus viridanus Dejean, 1828 – Anterior region of the pronotum with a tenuous punctuation, barely visible. Elytra parallel or sub-parallel, barely wider than the pronotum. In general, first antennomere bronze, similar to the tegument of the body. Length: 5.5–6.5 mm......... Pogonus (Pogonus) littoralis (Duftschmid, 1812) 6. Elytra narrow, parallel, slightly wider than the pronotum and markedly convex. Pronotum slightly or not transverse, with the lateral sinuosity less marked. Length: 7.0-8.0 mm.................................................................................................................. Pogonus (Pogonus) pallidipennis Dejean, 1828 – Elytra sub-parallel, clearly wider than the pronotum and less convex. Pronotum transverse, with the lateral sinuosity more marked. Length: 6.0–7.0 mm........................................................................................................................................................ Pogonus (Pogonus) luridipennis (Germar, 1822) Pogonini from the Ibero-Balearic region, Published as part of Muñoz-Santiago, José & Ortuño, Vicente M., 2022, Revision of the tribe Pogonini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from the Ibero-Balearic region, pp. 75-109 in European Journal of Taxonomy 846 (1) on pages 80-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1967, http://zenodo.org/record/7277247, {"references":["Dejean P. F. M. A. 1821. Catalogue de la Collection de Coleopteres de M. le Baron Dejean. Crevot, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11259","Dejean P. F. M. A. 1828. Species General des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome troisieme. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris.","Waltl J. 1835. Reise durch Tyrol, Oberitalien und Piemont nach dem sudlichen Spanien, nebst einem Anhange zoologischen Inhalts. Pustet, Passau.","Duftschmid C. E. 1812. Fauna Austriae, oder Beschreibung der osterreichischen Insekten fur angehende Freunde der Entomologie. Zweyter Theil. Akademie Buchhandlung, Linz & Leipzig.","Germar E. F. 1822. Fauna Insectorum Europae. VII. C. A. Kummel, Halae."]}

Subgenus Syrdenopsis Lutshnik, 1933 Syrdenopsis Lutshnik, 1933: 690. Type species Pogonus grayii Wollaston, 1862., Published as part of Muñoz-Santiago, José & Ortuño, Vicente M., 2022, Revision of the tribe Pogonini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from the Ibero-Balearic region, pp. 75-109 in European Journal of Taxonomy 846 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1967, http://zenodo.org/record/7277247, {"references":["Lutshnik V. N. 1933. A note on the subgenus Syrdenus Chaud. (Coleoptera, Carabidae). The Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10 (11): 689 - 690. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933308673745","Wollaston T. V. 1862. Brief diagnostic characters of new Canarian Coleoptera. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (3 Ser.) 9: 437 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936208681259"]}

Pogonus (Pogonus) riparius Dejean, 1828 Figs 2E, 3J, 5D Pogonus (Pogonus) riparius Dejean, 1828: 16. Diagnoses Body tegument and first antennomere with metallic sheen, bronze or blue. Pronotum sub-cordiform, convex and almost quadrangular, with the posterior region poorly narrowed and the base sub-rectilinear and markedly wider than the anterior margin. Elytra sub-parallel and convex. Up to 3 setigerous pores in the 3 rd interstria. Material examined No Ibero-Balearic material was available for study. GREECE • 2 ♂♂; Corfu, Korission Lagoon; 15 May 1992; Gudenzi leg.; PN • 3 ♀♀; Lefkada; 4 Jun. 2004; P. Neri leg.; PN • 1 ♂; Peloponnesus; Akra Arakos, Limno, Kalogria / Limanaki; 28 Apr. 1996; W. A. Marggi leg.; WAM • 1 ♂; Phthiotis, Lamia; 30 May 1999; W. A. Marggi leg.; WAM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Thessaly, Fanari, Limni Ptelia; 28 May 1999; W. A. Marggi leg.; WAM • 2 ♀♀; Thrace, Kavalla, Agiasma; 28 May 1999; W. A. Marggi leg.; WAM. ITALY • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Basilicata, mouth of the River Sinni; 25 Apr. 1988; Gudenzi leg.; PN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Emilia-Romagna, Ravenna, Cervia; 7 Aug. 1983; Pavanello leg.; PN • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jul. 1982; Pavanello leg.; PN • 1 ♂; Emilia-Romagna, Ravenna; 28 Apr. 1979; Gudenzi leg.; PN • 1 ♀; Emilia-Romagna, Ravenna, mouth of the River Savio; 11 May 2008; Gudenzi leg.; PN • 2 ♀♀; Emilia-Romagna, Ravenna, Pineta di San Vitale; 5 Jan. 1975; Gudenzi leg.; J. Salvigni coll.; PN • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Puglia, Foggia, Lake Lesina; 11 Jul. 1986; Gudenzi leg.; PN • 2 ♀♀; Toscana, Grosseto, Marina di Alberesse; 28 Apr. 2017; P. Neri leg., PN. Description Habitus (Fig. 2E). Length: 6.0–8.0 mm. Antennae dark, with the base of the antennomeres (especially the 2–5) slightly lighter. Palps dark, but lighter in the base and/or apex. Anterior angles of the pronotum protruding; hind angles straight. Lateral sulcus of the pronotum marked and narrow. Surface of the pronotal disc slightly rugose. Legs brown, but femora the base and apex of the tibiae or the dorsal surface of the tarsi can be darkened (in this last case, sometimes with a slight metallic sheen). Median lobe of the aedeagus narrow, regularly arcuate from the base to the apex (Fig. 3J). Chorology Species distributed along the Mediterranean coast of South Europe from Spain to Albania (Bousquet 2017), also present in Cyprus (Jeanne 1986). In Bulgaria, it is associated with the coast of the Black Sea (Gueorguiev & Gueorguiev 1995). Ibero-Balearic distribution (Fig. 5D): in the Iberian Peninsula, the species is known from some coastal and saline environments of Alicante (E Spain) and Catalonia (NE Spain). Eiroa et al. (1988) reported one record from the Playa de Barra (Pontevedra, Galicia, NW Spain), but it was based on incorrect identification of P. chalceus (Campos Gómez & Novoa 2006). The species has been reported, with no precise locality, from the Balearic Islands (Menorca; Compte Sart 1968; Zaballos & Jeanne 1994). Biology The species occupies environments where plants of Arthrocnemetea grow (Sauleda 1985). The only comments about its phenology come from Ratti (1994), who suggested that, in some populations along the Adriatic coast, the different life phases of this species can overlap in the same year, so it cannot be exclusively considered an annual species. Bibliographic Ibero-Balearic records Baehr 1986; Cuní 1885; Prieto Piloña & Valcárcel 1996; Sauleda 1985; Serrano et al. 2021; Toribio 2022., Published as part of Muñoz-Santiago, José & Ortuño, Vicente M., 2022, Revision of the tribe Pogonini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from the Ibero-Balearic region, pp. 75-109 in European Journal of Taxonomy 846 (1) on pages 97-98, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1967, http://zenodo.org/record/7277247, {"references":["Dejean P. F. M. A. 1828. Species General des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome troisieme. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris.","Bousquet Y. 2017. Tribe Pogonini Laporte, 1834. In: Lobl I. & Lobl D. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Revised and Updated Edition. Vol. 1. Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga: 354 - 357. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden.","Jeanne C. 1986. Contribution a l'histoire naturelle de l'ile de Chypre. Les Coleopteres Carabiques. Biocosome mesogeen 3 (1): 1 - 33.","Gueorguiev V. B. & Gueorguiev B. V. 1995. Catalogue of the Ground Beetles of Bulgaria (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow.","Eiroa E., Novoa F. & Gonzalez J. 1988. La entomofauna de las dunas de la Playa de Barra (Cangas- Pontevedra). III. Coleoptera. Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia 12: 301 - 317.","Campos Gomez A. M. & Novoa F. 2006. Los Carabidae (orden Coleoptera) de Galicia (N. O. de Espana). Catalogo, distribucion y ecologia. Monografias de Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana - Serie Bioloxia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.","Compte Sart A. 1968. La Fauna de Menorca y su Origen (Sintesis de la Fauna de Menorca, su Naturaleza y un Ensayo acerca de su Origen). Ateneo Cientifico, Literario y Artistico, Mahon.","Zaballos J. P. & Jeanne C. 1994. Nuevo catalogo de los carabidos (Coleoptera) de la Peninsula Iberica. Monografias de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 1: 66 - 67.","Sauleda N. 1985. Caraboidea ammofilos y halofitos de la provincia de Alicante. Anales de la Universidad de Alicante. Escuela de Magisterio 2: 241 - 264.","Ratti E. 1994. Alcuni aspetti, dell'attivita di volo dei coleotteri carabidi sul delta del Po. Quaderni della Stazione di Ecologia del civico Museo di Storia naturale di Ferrara 6: 275 - 291.","Baehr M. 1986. On the carabid fauna of the province of Girona, northeastern Spain (Insecta, Coleoptera). Miscel. ania Zoologica 10: 161 - 171.","Cuni M. 1885. Excursion entomologica a varias localidades de la provincia de Gerona (Catalonia). Anales de la Sociedad espanola de Historia Natural 14 (1): 51 - 73.","Prieto Pilona F. & Valcarcel J. P. 1996. Catalogo bibliografico de los Caraboidea (Coleoptera) de Galicia (N. O. de la Peninsula Iberica). Suplemento del Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 1: 1 - 17.","Serrano J., Lencina J. L. & Minano J. 2021. Catalogo de los Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae y Carabidae) de la Region de Murcia. Editum. Ediciones de la Universidad de Murcia. https: // doi. org / 10.6018 / editum. 2874","Toribio M. 2022. Datos interesantes de Carabidae (Coleoptera) para la peninsula iberica. Arquivos Entomoloxicos 25: 85 - 94."]}

Tribe Pogonini Laporte, 1834 Diagnoses Imagoes of Pogonini can be differentiated from the rest of Trechinae by the following characters: umbilical series complete, formed by approximately 12 setae disposed from the humeri to the apical region. Basal elytra border complete. Last labial and maxillary palpomeres fusiform. Tarsi glabrous and with a longitudinal dorsal sulcus. Description Length between 4.0 and 8.0 mm from the anterior margin of the labrum to the apex of the elytra. Tegument glabrous; metallic in most species, although in some it is totally or partially depigmented. Microsculpture polygonal. Head with eyes protruding, medium- or large-sized and in general convex. Neck absent or poorly marked. Front wide, with two supraocular sulci more or less long and deep depending on the genus (very poorly marked in Sirdenus grayii). Two supraocular setae. Antennae long and filiform, pilose from the anterior half of the second antennomere; last antennomeres slightly wider than the first ones. A pair of clypeal setae; 6 dorsal setae in the anterior margin of the labrum (the external ones are longer than the inner ones). Mandibles with a small and thin seta inserted in the mandibular sulcus. Last labial and maxillary palpomeres fusiform, with small setae (except in the apical ones). Ligula with a pair of setae. Labium not fused with the prebasilar, with a central and conspicuous bifid-tooth provided with a pair of fine setae in the base. Pronotum clearly wider than the head (except in S. grayii), convex and of variable morphology: cordiform or sub-cordiform and more or less transverse; the lateral sinuosity and the posterior narrowing are more marked in some species than in others. Hind and posterior angles of the pronotum in general protruding; the lateral sulcus is narrow, slightly more explanate in some species. The pronotum has two pairs of setae, one inserted at its widest region and another inserted near the hind angles. Basal foveae in general large and limited by a carinula which presents different grades of development between the species (absent in S. grayii). Base of pronotum depressed, punctured (punctation is more marked in some species than in others) and almost rectilinear, always coincident to the basal elytra border. Elytra, in general, convex and parallel or sub-parallel. Shoulders not or hardly protruding; functional wings. Basal and lateral elytra border complete. Scutellum present. 8 th elytral striae punctured and well-marked until the apical region, where they are frequently very tenuous or obliterated; punctuation more or less deep depending on the species. Basal striole punctured, present between the elytral suture and the first stria. Umbilical series complete from the humeral to the apical region, formed by approximately 12 setae; the first 3–4 setae are inserted in the lateral sulcus while the rest are inserted along the 8 th stria. The 1 st stria presents a setigerous pore in its base. Up to 5 setigerous pores disposed along the 3 rd stria in all species (commonly 3); setigerous pores present also in the 5 th and/or 7 th striae in Pogonus (Pogonoidius) meridionalis. Fine preapical setae present at the end of the 2 nd and 5 th striae. Legs, in general, slender; of a different colour from the body in some cases. Tarsus with a longitudinal dorsal sulcus; protarsus of the males with the first and second tarsomeres dilated, pilose and provided with adhesive phanerae. Prosternum glabrous in Pogonus and Pogonoidius, pilose in Sirdenus. Metepimerum visible. Last abdominal sternite with 2 setigerous pores in the males and 4 in the females. Aedeagus with median lobe asymmetrical, and the basal orifice located on its right side. Form and length of the median lobe variable between species, with the apex, in general, rounded and directed down. The internal sac of the median lobe is covered by small squamae, visible under the microscope; in the resting state it is possible to observe folds and sclerotised pieces which are variable on its form and extension between the species and groups. Left and right parameres unequal, both of them with at least one seta inserted in the distal region (the number could vary between individuals and species). Left paramere well-developed, with a triangular or sub-triangular form. Right paramere reduced, narrow and more or less elongated; in some cases, it is elbowed or curved. Distribution The tribe Pogonini has a worldwide distribution; it is present in all zoogeographical regions, with the main diversity of species in the Palaearctic (Grebennikov & Bousquet 1999; Choi et al. 2015; Bousquet 2017). Remarks The tribe Pogonini is a very well supported monophyletic group within the subfamily Trechinae, closely related to Tachyini Motschulsky, 1862, Bembidiini, Anillini and other tribes than with Trechini (Maddison & Ober 2011; Maddison 2012; Maddison et al. 2019). The species of Pogonini show, in general, predaceous, thermophilous and diurnal behaviours (Rueda & Montes 1987), although it is also possible to find them developing a sublapidicolous life (Mateu 1947). Detailed phenology and larval instars are unknown for most Pogonini (Matalin & Makarov 2008), but some data are available for a small number of species (Jeannel 1941; see Grebennikov & Bousquet 1999). Maybe the best-documented feature of the species of Pogonini is their strict relationship with saline environments. This trait, combined with the extended hygrophilous character of all Trechinae (Ortuño & Toribio 2005: 17–18), implies that the most common habitats of Pogonini are the coastal regions, salt marshes and saline continental waters. For this reason, pogonines have been widely considered as halobiont elements (Bousquet & Laplante 1997). It was suggested that this specialised lifestyle derived from the basal hygrophilous condition of the subfamily, and it was originated as a response to intense interspecific competition with other riparian relatives (Rueda & Montes 1987). The results of breeding Pogonini species in laboratory obtained by Grebennikov & Bousquet (1999) suggested that the halobiont condition of these ground beetles is shared both for the pre-imaginal and the imaginal stages. With respect to the study area, although the term “halobiont” has been applied with different criteria by Iberian entomologists (Vives & Vives 1978a; Ortiz et al. 1989), a high grade of specialization and adaptation to the life in saline habitats (sometimes extreme saline) have been recognised for the local species (Vives & Vives 1981, 1986; Rueda & Montes 1987; Serrano et al. 1990; Novoa et al. 1998; Andújar et al. 2001, 2002; Pardo et al. 2008; among others). Key to Ibero-Balearic Pogonini 1. Pronotum more or less transverse, always clearly wider than the head........................................... 2 – Pronotum longitudinal, as wide as or barely wider than the head. Tegument partially depigmented; elytra parallel and almost cylindrical body. Small species, 4.0–5.0 mm....................................................................................... Sirdenus Dejean, 1828: Sirdenus (Syrdenopsis) grayii Wollaston, 1862 2. Supraocular sulcus deep and long, surpassing the level of the anterior supraocular seta and ending close to the posterior supraocular seta. 8 th and 9 th interstriae of the same width......................................................................................................................................................... Pogonus Dejean, 1821 – Supraocular sulcus little deep and short, ending at the level of the anterior supraocular seta or barely surpassing it. 9 th interstriae wider than the 8 th.......................................... Pogonistes Chaudoir, 1872, Published as part of Muñoz-Santiago, José & Ortuño, Vicente M., 2022, Revision of the tribe Pogonini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from the Ibero-Balearic region, pp. 75-109 in European Journal of Taxonomy 846 (1) on pages 78-80, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1967, http://zenodo.org/record/7277247, {"references":["Laporte F. L. de. 1834. Etudes entomologiques, ou description d'insectes nouveaux et observations sur leur synonymie. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris.","Grebennikov V. & Bousquet Y. 1999. Larvae of Pogonini (Coleoptera: Carabidae): genera Pogonus, Pogonistes, Cardiaderus, and Thalassotrechus. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 63: 427 - 441.","Choi I. J., Lim J., Park J. & Park J. K. 2015. Taxonomic revision of the tribe Pogonini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 18: 831 - 835. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2015.10.013","Bousquet Y. 2017. Tribe Pogonini Laporte, 1834. In: Lobl I. & Lobl D. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Revised and Updated Edition. Vol. 1. Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga: 354 - 357. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden.","Maddison D. R. & Ober K. A. 2011. Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae). ZooKeys 147: 229 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 147.1871","Maddison D. R. 2012. Phylogeny of Bembidion and related ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini: Bembidiina). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63: 533 - 576. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.01.015","Maddison D. R., Kanda K., Boyd O. F., Faille A., Porch N., Erwin T. L. & Roig-Junent S. 2019. Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 132: 151 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.11.006","Rueda F. & Montes C. 1987. Riparian Carabids of saline aquatic ecosystems. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 22 (1 - 4): 247 - 263.","Mateu J. 1947. Los carabidos de la delta del rio Llobregat. Graellsia 5 (1): 1 - 19.","Matalin A. V. & Makarov K. V. 2008. Life cycles in the ground-beetle tribe Pogonini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from the Lake Elton region, Russia. In: Penev L., Erwin T. & Assmann T. (eds) Back to the Roots and Back to the Future. Towards a New Synthesis amongst Taxonomic, Ecological and Biogeographical Approaches in Carabidology. Proceedings of the XIII European Carabidologists Meeting, Blagoevgrad, August 20 - 24, 2007: 305 - 323. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow.","Jeannel R. 1941. Coleopteres Carabiques, premiere partie. Faune de France 39: 1 - 571.","Ortuno V. M. & Toribio M. 2005. Carabidae de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares. Vol. I. Trechinae, Bembidiini. Argania Editio, Barcelona.","Bousquet Y. & Laplante S. 1997. Taxonomic review of the New World Pogonini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). The Canadian Entomologist 129: 699 - 731. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 129699 - 4","Vives J. & Vives E. 1978 a Coleopteros halofilos de Los Monegros. Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia 2: 205 - 214.","Ortiz A. S., Galian J., Andujar A. & Serrano J. 1989. Estudio comparativo de la fauna de carabidos de algunas lagunas de la region manchego-levantina (Espana). (Coleoptera: Adephaga). Anales de Biologia, 15 (Biologia Animal 4): 49 - 57.","Vives J. & Vives E. 1981. A proposit d'alguns coleopters carabids de les zones salades espanoles. II Sessio conjunta d'entomologia: 49 - 55.","Vives J. & Vives E. 1986. Carabidos (Ins. Coleoptera) de la Laguna de Sarinena. In: Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses (ed.) Estudio Multidisciplinar de La Laguna, Sarinena (Huesca): 127 - 136. Coleccion de Estudios Altoaragoneses (6), Huesca.","Serrano J., Ortiz A. S. & Galan J. 1990. Los Carabidae de lagunas y rios de la Submeseta Sur, Espana (Coleoptera, Adephaga). Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia 14: 199 - 210.","Novoa F., Baselga A. & Campos A. 1998. Inventario de coleopteros (Carabidae, Staphylinidae y Chrysomelidae) de los sistemas dunares y lagunares del Parque Natural de Corrubedo (Galicia, noroeste de la Peninsula Iberica). Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana (Bioloxia) 8: 281 - 295.","Andujar C., Andujar A., Lencina J. L., Ruano L. & Serrano J. 2001. Los Carabidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) del Saladar de Cordovilla (Albacete). Sabuco, Revista de Estudios Albacetenses 2: 121 - 166.","Andujar C., Andujar A., Lencina J. L., Ruano L. & Serrano J. 2002. Los Carabidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) de lagunas y embalses de Albacete. Sabuco, Revista de Estudios Albacetenses 3: 23 - 76.","Pardo M. T., Esteve-Selma M. A., Gimenez A., Martinez-Fernandez J., Carreno M. F., Serrano J. & Minano J. 2008. Assessment of hydrological alterations on wandering beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Tenebrionidae) in coastal wetlands of arid Mediterranean systems. 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A global pandemic is underway caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like its predecessor SARS-CoV, contains open reading frames that encode accessory proteins involved in virus-host interactions active during infection and which likely contribute to pathogenesis. One of these accessory proteins is 7b, with only 44 (SARS-CoV) and 43 (SARS-CoV-2) residues. It has one predicted transmembrane domain fully conserved, which suggests a functional role, whereas most variability is contained in the predicted cytoplasmic C-terminus. In SARS-CoV, 7b protein is expressed in infected cells, and the transmembrane domain was necessary and sufficient for Golgi localization. Also, anti-p7b antibodies have been found in the sera of SARS-CoV convalescent patients. In the present study, we have investigated the hypothesis that SARS-2 7b protein forms oligomers with ion channel activity. We show that in both SARS viruses 7b is almost completely α-helical and has a single transmembrane domain. In SDS, 7b forms various oligomers, from monomers to tetramers, but only monomers when exposed to reductants. Combination of SDS gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) in both equilibrium and velocity modes suggests a dimer-tetramer equilibrium, but a monomer-dimer-tetramer equilibrium in the presence of reductant. This data suggests that although disulfide-linked dimers may be present, they are not essential to form tetramers. Inclusion of pentamers or higher oligomers in the SARS-2 7b model were detrimental to fit quality. Preliminary models of this association was generated with AlphaFold2, and two alternative models were exposed to a molecular dynamics simulation in presence of a model lipid membrane. However, neither of the two models provided any evident pathway for ions. To confirm this, SARS-2 p7b was studied using Planar Bilayer Electrophysiology. Addition of p7b to model membranes produced occasional membrane permeabilization, but this was not consistent with bona fide ion channels made of a tetrameric assembly of α-helices. Ministry of Education (MOE) Published version This research is supported by the Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its Academic Research Fund Tier 1 (Project RG92/21) to J.T..). M.Q. and V.A. acknowledge support from the Government of Spain MCIN/AEI/ http://dx.doi. org/10.13039/501100011033 (project no. 2019-108434 GB-I00 AEI/FEDER, UE and IJC2018-035283-I/AEI) and Universitat Jaume I (project no. UJI-A2020-21).

Baquero, Enrique, Jordana, Rafael, Ortuño, Vicente M. (2022): Type material designation and species description; addendum to "Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)". Zoosystema 44 (16): 435-437, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v44a16

Entomobrya katzi Jordana & Baquero n. sp. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 238FE982-D643-4C8C-8AA7-B57D11DDCC9C Entomobrya katzi Jordana & Baquero in Baquero et al., 2021, nomen nudum. TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. USA • ♀; Pennsylvania, Chester Co., Wayne; 40.0662, -75.3769; 130 m a.s.l.; 23.V.2011; A. Katz leg.; sweep of Forsythia sp.; INHS 1007501 and INHS 10007502 (head and body in two different slides), code AK11-32. Paratypes. USA • ♀ on two slides; INHS 1007503 and INHS 10007504; same data; AK11-32; A. Katz leg.; INHS • 8 undetermined sex on slides; INHS 1007505-1007520; same data; AK12- 50; A. Katz leg.; INHS • 12 in ethyl alcohol; INHS 1007521; 29.VI.2012; AK12-50; A. Katz leg.; INHS. TYPE LOCALITY. — USA, Pennsylvania, Chester Co., Wayne, coordinates 40.0662, -75.3769; 130 m a.s.l. ETYMOLOGY. —The specific epithet, katzi, is referred to Aron Katz, the Collembola researcher from USA who captured the specimens now described as new species and mentioned them in a paper in 2015. DIAGNOSIS. — Yellow background, with longitudinal pigmentation (principally two bands: dorsolateral and lateral), multispinate labral papillae, 3-5 Mc on areas T1-T2 on Th II, 2-2/1-0-1 Mc on areas A1-A5 on Abd IIIII, and 0-4-1-2-2 on Abd IV. The unequivocal identification of the species can only be done using the abbreviated formula that, for this species, is: 3-2-0-1(2)-2/3-5/2-2/0-4-1-2-2 (following Jordana & Baquero 2005). DESCRIPTION Size and color Ground color yellow, with pigment in a longitudinal patron on lateral head and body, dorsolateral Th II–Abd IV, two dorsal patches on Abd II, one on anterior Abd III, and a transversal pale stripe (W-shaped) on Abd IV (fig. 21 in Katz et al. 2015 https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.525.6020.figure21). Head Eight eyes, GH subequal and smaller than EF. Ant IV with simple apical vesicle and pin chaeta present; sensory organ of Ant III as usual for the genus. Prelabral chaetae ciliated; labral smooth. Labral papillae multispinose. Lateral process of labial papilla E slightly curved, thin, nearly reaching tip of papilla. Maxillary palp bifurcated, with three sublobal chaetae. Labial row with –MRELL, R 1/3 of M, all ciliated. Body and legs Length ratio of Abd IV/III c. 4. Trochanteral organ with approximately 31 chaetae. Tibiotarsus not sub-segmented, without smooth chaetae, except for smooth terminal chaeta on legs III. Claw with four teeth: paired at 50% and first unpaired at 75% from base; dorsal teeth basal. Empodium acuminate, with finely serrate external lamella (pe) in leg III. Tenent hair clavate. Manubrial plate with four (sometimes up to six) chaetae and two pseudopores. Sensillar formula from ThII to AbdV normal as in the rest of Entomobryinae (Zhang & Deharveng 2015): 2,2/1,2,2,7 n,3; microsensillar formula from Th II to Abd III: 1,0/1,0,1. Macrochaetotaxy Simplified Mc formula: 3-2-0-1(2)-2/3-5/2-2/1-0-1/0-4-1- 2-2. Head: H1 area with Mc An2, An3a and An3; H2 area with Mc A5 and A6; S’0 absent (H3); H4 area with one Mc (S3), and S1 sometimes present; H4’ area with three Mc (S4, S5i and S5); H5 area with Ps2 and Ps5 as Mc. Mesothorax: area T1 with three Mc: m1, m2 and m2i; T2 with five Mc: m4, m4i, m4p, a5 and m5; a5’ present but small. Abdomen: Abd II area A1 with two Mc (a2 and a3); area A2 with two Mc (m3 and m3e); Abd III with one Mc on area A3 (a1), without Mc on A4, and another Mc on A5 (m3); Abd IV with or without Mc on A6 area (B1), four Mc on A7 (A2, B2, B3 and C1), one Mc on A8 (A4a), two Mc on A9 (A5 and B5), and two on A10 (A6 and B6). REMARK Most of the information in this addendum has been obtained from the work of Katz et al. (2015) in which a group of specimens was presented as belonging to the species E. intermedia, but considering their characters did not coincide with those of the specimens of E. intermedia described in Europe., Published as part of Baquero, Enrique, Jordana, Rafael & Ortuño, Vicente M., 2022, Type material designation and species description; addendum to " Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain) ", pp. 435-437 in Zoosystema 44 (16) on pages 436-437, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v44a16, http://zenodo.org/record/7094230, {"references":["BAQUERO E., JORDANA R. & ORTUNO V. M. 2021. - Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain). Zoosystema 43 (3): 37 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / zoosystema 2021 v 43 a 3. http: // zoosystema. com / 43 / 3","JORDANA R. & BAQUERO E. 2005 - A proposal of characters for taxonomic identification of Entomobrya species (Collembola, Entomobryomorpha), with description of a new species. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseum Gorlitz 76 (2): 117 - 134.","KATZ A. D., GIORDANO R. & SOTO- ADAMES F. 2015. - Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of fifteen North American Entomobrya (Collembola, Entomobryidae), including four new species. ZooKeys 525: 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 525.6020","ZHANG F. & DEHARVENG L. 2015. - Systematic revision of Entomobryidae (Collembola) by integrating molecular and new morphological evidence. Zoologica Scripta 44: 298 - 311. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12100","BROOK G. 1883. - A revision of the genus Entomobrya, Rond. (Degeeria, Nic.). Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology) 17 (101): 270 - 283. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1884. tb 02023. x"]}

The aim of this work was to demonstrate that the Leistus (Leistus) constrictus Schaufuss 1862 populations from Sierra de Ayllón belong to a new sibling species of the true L. (L.) constrictus from Sierra de Guadarrama. We describe Leistus (Leistus) elpis sp. nov. The species were separated by the study of external morphology of qualitative characters, especially male genitalia, and quantitative characters (morphometric analysis). In L. (L.) constrictus the apical lamina of the aedeagus appears to be a long gutter flanked by lateral ridges with an open truncation in its anterior part; in L. (L.) elpis sp. nov. the apical lamina is completely ridged, even in the anterior part, forming a kind of labial thickening, enclosing the median lobe, and giving the apex a clearly closed and pointed outline. It is not possible, or very difficult, to distinguish between females of L. (L.) constrictus and females of L. (L.) elpis sp. nov., based on their external anatomy as they are practically identical. The female genitalia do not offer taxonomic information for discriminating between the species using the genital armour or the structure of the spermathecal complex. However, subtle differences were found through morphometric analysis, as well as for males of both species. Field surveys suggest that the pass Puerto de Somosierra is the geographical barrier that has led to this allopatric speciation.

Criteria for resectability of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) have been expanded over the last decade along with the improvement in chemotherapy.Analyze the differences in several clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) between patients who underwent an R0 (tumour margin1 mm) or R1 (margin1 mm) resection.Retrospective study including 144 patients with CRLM who underwent a potentially curative liver surgery between 2010 and 2018. Patients are classified according to their surgical margin status (R0 or R1). OS and 17 clinicopathological variables are compared.Both groups are similar and comparable in all the studied variables: age (p = 0.158), sex (p = 0.675), ASA (p = 0.502), tumour location (p = 0.793), tumoral stadium (p = 0.280), post-colectomy chemotherapy (p = 0.664), CRLM synchronicity (p = 0.983) and location (p = 0.078), CEA at diagnosis (p = 0.735), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.403), minor/major hepatectomy (p = 0.415), post-operatory complications (p = 0.822) and mortality (p = 0.535), average hospital stay (p = 0.960), post-operative chemotherapy (p = 0.791) and re-hepatectomy (p = 0.530). No significant differences are found in OS a 1, 3 and 5 years (p = 0.160) between patients with R0 and R1 resection.We consider indicated hepatectomy in any patient with resectable CRLM in whom an R0 resection can be achieved maintaining an adequate hepatic reserve, regardless of the final microscopic resection margin status.El avance en oncología ha contribuido a ampliar las indicaciones quirúrgicas de las metástasis hepáticas (MH) del carcinoma colorrectal (CCR).Analizar las diferencias en la supervivencia global (SG) y en determinadas características clinicopatológicas entre pacientes con resección R0 (margen tumoral1 mm) y R1 (margen1 mm).Estudio retrospectivo con 144 pacientes con MH de CCR intervenidos con intención curativa entre 2010 y 2018, divididos en dos grupos en función del margen de resección (R0 y R1). Se comparan la SG y 17 características clinicopatológicas.Ambos grupos son homogéneos y comparables en todas las variables estudiadas: edad (p = 0.158), sexo (p = 0.675), ASA (p = 0.502), localización del CCR (p = 0.793), estadio tumoral (p = 0.280), quimioterapia (QT) adyuvante poscolectomía (p = 0.664), sincronicidad (p = 0.983) y localización (p = 0.078) de las MH, CEA al diagnóstico (p = 0.735), QT neoadyuvante (p = 0.403), hepatectomía mayor/menor (p = 0.415), complicaciones (p = 0.822) y mortalidad posoperatorias (p = 0.535), estancia media (p = 0.960), QT adyuvante poshepatectomía (p = 0.791) y nueva hepatectomía (p = 0.530). Tampoco se observaron diferencias significativas en la SG a 1, 3 y 5 años (p = 0.160) entre pacientes con resección R0 y R1.Consideramos indicada la hepatectomía en pacientes con MH resecables con posibilidad de conseguir resecciones R0 manteniendo suficiente remanente hepático, independientemente de la afectación microscópica final del margen tumoral.

The origin and evolution of modern humans in Africa has reached a multidisciplinary consensus but the age and regions where it originated and evolved are current topics of discussion. In this study I put forward an integrative model guided by the phylogeny and phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA (and Y-chromosome) haplogroups. I propose an early origin of modern humans in northwest Africa in a temporal window of 257-345 thousand years ago. A first population split in central Africa around 175-288 thousand years ago. A subsequent northward spread with additional population subdivisions during a long statistical interval that culminated in a first successful out of Africa migration around 130 thousand years ago. A population constriction in southwest Asia motivated an early return to Africa between 79 and 107 thousand years ago. This ample Eurasian-ebb to Africa, detected by mitochondrial haplogroup L3 and Y-chromosome haplogroup E preceded other later and geographically more limited Eurasian backflows. The archaeological and fossil finds that could be coetaneous to this molecular journey have been integrated into this interdisciplinary model.

Water pollution by dyes is a huge environmental problem; there is a necessity to produce new decolorization methods that are effective, cost-attractive, and acceptable in industrial use. Magnetic cyclodextrin polymers offer the advantage of easy separation from the dye solution. In this work, the β-CD-EPI-magnetic (β-cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin) polymer was synthesized, characterized, and tested for removal of the azo dye Direct Red 83:1 from water, and the fraction of non-adsorbed dye was degraded by an advanced oxidation process. The polymer was characterized in terms of the particle size distribution and surface morphology (FE-SEM), elemental analysis (EA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectrophotometry (IR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The reported results hint that 0.5 g and pH 5.0 were the best conditions to carry out both kinetic and isotherm models. A 30 min contact time was needed to reach equilibrium with a qmax of 32.0 mg/g. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were involved in the assembly of Direct Red 83:1 onto the magnetic adsorbent. Regarding the isotherms discussed, the Freundlich model correctly reproduced the experimental data so that adsorption was confirmed to take place onto heterogeneous surfaces. The calculation of the thermodynamic parameters further demonstrates the spontaneous character of the adsorption phenomena (ΔG° = −27,556.9 J/mol) and endothermic phenomena (ΔH° = 8757.1 J/mol) at 25 °C. Furthermore, a good reusability of the polymer was evidenced after six cycles of regeneration, with a negligible decline in the adsorption extent (10%) regarding its initial capacity. Finally, the residual dye in solution after treatment with magnetic adsorbents was degraded by using an advanced oxidation process (AOP) with pulsed light and hydrogen peroxide (343 mg/L); >90% of the dye was degraded after receiving a fluence of 118 J/cm2; the discoloration followed a pseudo first-order kinetics where the degradation rate was 0.0196 cm2/J. The newly synthesized β-CD-EPI-magnetic polymer exhibited good adsorption properties and separability from water which, when complemented with a pulsed light-AOP, may offer a good alternative to remove dyes such as Direct Red 83:1 from water. It allows for the reuse of both the polymer and the dye in the dyeing process.