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203. Microcrystalline testing used in combination with Raman micro-spectroscopy for absolute identification of novel psychoactive substances

Author

Elie, L, Elie, M, Cave, G, Vetter, M, Croxton, R, and Baron, M

Subjects
B200 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy
Abstract

Two new psychoactive substances, namely 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) and 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (MDAI) were analysed with a novel combination of microcrystalline tests followed by Raman micro-spectroscopy to facilitate their absolute identification. The discrimination power of the proposed combination was successfully demonstrated through the analysis of the positional isomers 2- and 3-methylmethcathinone. The addition of mercury dichloride as a microcrystalline test reagent produced specific microcrystals of each tested analyte. The robustness of the method was evaluated in the presence of common cutting agents (caffeine and benzocaine) as well as on street samples. The crystal lattice structures of mephedrone, 2-methylmethcathinone and MDAI mercury dichloride microcrystals were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This confirmed the presence of both drug and reagent together in the lattice and accounts for the distinct habit of the observed microcrystals. Raman spectra of the formed microcrystals differed from those obtained from their standard salt form by loss and/or gain of some vibrational modes. Particularly important was the appearance of the mercury chloride link to each tested drug molecule which showed as strong bands at low wavenumbers. Its presence was corroborated by its detection in the crystal lattice. It was therefore concluded that microcrystalline testing followed by Raman micro-spectroscopy satisfies the technique combination requirement for psychoactive substances recommended by the Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs (SWGDRUG) and provides a rapid and cheap analysis route. The proposed technique combination also aids the development of new microcrystalline tests as it allows for confirmation of the uniqueness of the developed microcrystals almost in-situ rather than growing single crystals for often long periods of time needed for single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2016

211. Analysis of Carrier Lifetime in Liquid-Phase Crystallized Silicon on Glass

Author

Vetter, M., Gawlik, A., Plentz, J., and Andrä, G.

Subjects
Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules, Silicon-based Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules
Abstract

32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1100-1103, Liquid-phase crystallized silicon on glass (LPCSG) presents a promising material to fabricate high quality silicon thin films on glass, e.g. for solar cells and modules. To achieve a high electronic material quality after the crystallization process on glass, first barrier layers (BL) and then an amorphous silicon layer are deposited on the glass followed by crystallization with a line focus laser beam. In this paper we use injection level dependent lifetime data generated by the quasi steady-state photoconductance decay method (QSSPC) to characterize LPCSG absorbers. This contactless method allows a determination of the LPCSG absorber quality already at an early stage of solar cell fabrication, and provides a monitoring of the absorber quality during solar cell fabrication steps. So far, we found minority carrier lifetimes higher than 500 ns (e.g. n-type absorber with ND = 4x1016cm-3) indicating a surface recombination velocity SBL < 1600 cm/s at the BL-Si interface and an effective diffusion length Leff > 20 mm in an 8 mm thick absorber.

Published
2016
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212. n-type emitter surface passivation in c-Si solar cells by means of antireflective amorphous silicon carbide layers

Author

Vetter, M., Ferre, R., Ortega, P., Alcubilla, R., and Martin, I.

Subjects
Silicon carbide -- Electric properties, Silicon carbide -- Optical properties, Solar batteries -- Analysis, Solar cells -- Analysis, Physics
Abstract

A study determined emitter saturation current densities of phosphorus-diffused planar c-Si solar cell emitters passivated by silicon carbide (Si[C.sub.x]) layers in a wide sheet resistance range (20-500 [OMEGA]/sq). The surface recombination velocity and the optical losses are determined for each configuration and used to calculate photovoltaic conversion efficiency limits for 50 and 90 [OMEGA]/sq emitters.

Published
2006

215. Genexpressionanalyse von Mammakarzinomen mittels Prosigna® Assay (NanoString Technologies, Seattle WA) im klinischen Alltag und Einfluss auf die Entscheidung des Onkologen hinsichtlich Systemtherapie

Author

Erber, R, additional, Stöhr, R, additional, Ulbrich-Gebauer, D, additional, Pelz, E, additional, Bankfalvi, A, additional, Schmid, KW, additional, Walter, RF, additional, Hoffmann, O, additional, Kimmig, R, additional, Vetter, M, additional, Thomssen, C, additional, Sotlar, K, additional, Mayr, D, additional, Kirchner, T, additional, Harbeck, N, additional, Würstlein, R, additional, Stenzinger, A, additional, Sinn, P, additional, Lux, MP, additional, Wunderle, M, additional, Fasching, PA, additional, Beckmann, MW, additional, and Hartmann, A, additional

Published
2017
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226. Use of Transgenic Xenopus Embryos to Analyze the Xath5 Promoter

Author

Hutcheson, D. A. and Vetter, M. L.

Subjects
Xenopus -- Genetic aspects, Genetically modified animals -- Research, Developmental genetics -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

During development, expression of the basic helix-loop-helix factor Xath5 is spatially and temporally restricted such that it is only expressed in the developing olfactory placodes, pineal gland, and retina. In the neural retina, expression commences at stage 24 when retinal neuron differentiation begins, but is quickly down-regulated in postmitotic differentiated cells. Prior work has indicated that Xath5 functions as a regulator of retinal neuron differentiation and has specifically linked ath5 genes to the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells (Kanekar et al., 1997, Neuron 19, 981-994; Wang et al., 2001, Genes Dev. 15, 24-29; Liu et al., 2001, PNAS 98(4), 1649-1654; Hutcheson and Vetter, Dev. Biol., in press). To better understand the role Xath5 plays in retinogenesis, we are investigating the mechanisms regulating Xath5 expression using the Xenopus laevis transgenic technique pioneered by K. Kroll and E. Amaya (1999, Methods Mol. Biol. 97, 393-414). This technique allows the stable incorporation of a reporter plasmid into sperm nuclei which are then used to fertilize eggs via a nuclear transplantation technique. Using a GFP reporter and 3.3 kb of genomic sequence 5' to the Xath5 gene, we have created transgenic Xenopus tadpoles. The spatial and temporal pattern of transgene expression resembles the Xath5 in situ hybridization pattern. Expressibn in olfactory placodes commences at stage 16, while expression in the retina commences later at stage 24. This indicates that this promoter sequence is sufficient both to promote expression in the appropriate tissues and to prevent Xath5 expression in inappropriate tissues. Deletion and point mutations will be used to determine which promoter elements are necessary for the proper regulation of Xath5.

Published
2001

228. Poster

Author

Fiebig, H., Weber, B., Cromwell, O., Jutel, M., Fiedler, G., Hanschmann, H., Hansen, I., Stuck, B. A., Hörmann, K., Klimek, L., Jappe, U., Hoffmann, M., Burow, G., Mühlmeier, G., Maier, H., Mušič, E., Košnik, M., Piller, M., Drachenberg, K. J., Urban, E., Schenn, A., Ruëff, F., Weimer, G., Przybilla, B., Sieber, W., Schoppelrey, V., Pfeifer, M., Steiß, J. O., Lindemann, H., Wolf, H., Schnitker, J., Petermann, F., Bergmann, K. C., Zwacka, G., Steinert, B., Markert, U. R., Bijlsma, P. B., Backhaus, B., Weidenhiller, M., Donhauser, N., Hahn, E. G., Raithel, M., Erkelens, W., Hommes, D., Bruno, M., Akkerdaas, J., van Ree, R., Groot, J. A., Taminiau, J. A. J. M., Meinardi, M. M. H. M., Borowski, C., Schäfer, T., Eberhardt, F., Lepp, U., Becker, W.-M., Zabel, P., Hipler, U.-C., Spoo, J., Bauer, A., Elsner, P., Kuefner, M. A., Schwelberger, H. G., Lange, L., Rietschel, E., Riffelmann, F., Lauter, H., Müller, K.-M., Tränkner, A., Mach, K., Reulbach, U., Geyer, D., Leis, B., Ziegert, M., Ahlert, I., Deichmann, K. A., Heinzmann, A., Allmers, H., Beezhold, D., Hamilton, R. G., Sutherland, E. R., Schwanitz, H. J., Scherer, K., Bircher, A. J., Dymek, S., Lex, C., Balzer, S., Schuster, A., Hülsmeier, L., Barker, M., Müller-Lux, A., Göen, T., Koll, W., Koschel, D., Müller-Wening, D., Kütting, B., Janicke, N., Schippke, D., Langer, C., Schulz, T. G., Turowski, S., Drexler, H., Hallier, E., Bickeböller, H., Heutelbeck, A. R. R., Lässig, W., Nordwig, A., Dellweg, D., Schwarz, H., Goldmann, R., Lorenz, C., Achtzehn, U., Stehle, R., Keiper, B., Jilge, B., Beier, L., Schmidt, E. W., van Kampen, V., Haamann, F., Merget, R., Sander, I., Raulf-Heimsoth, M., Rabstein, S., Brüning, T., Ahrens, T., Muesken, H., Bergmann, K.-Ch., Vetter, M., Heitmann, M., Hunzelmann, N., Schuster, J., Kadar, J., Kespohl, S., Petersen, A., Meyer, H. E., Sickmann, A., Kleber, N., Hinrichs, J., Schocker, F., Becker, W. M., Rozynek, P., Dresselhaus, T., Reuter, B., Henzgen, M., Fahlbusch, B., Rudeschko, O., Schlenvoigt, G., Kroegel, C., Rihs, H.-P., Gaspar, Â., Pires, G., Hohenstein, E., Fiedler, E.-M., v. Pelchrzim, R., Focke, M., Zuberbier, T., Worm, M., Janowska, E., Grycmacher-Łapko, V., Kurek, M., Lippert, U., Niedenführ, S., Fuchs, T., Ludwig, A., Koch, A., Balda, B.-R., Oestmann, E., Philipp, S., Spornraft-Ragaller, P., Hammermann, J., Meurer, M., Ott, H., Wurpts, G., Krieg, R., Al Masaoudi, T., Joussen, S., Kiehl, K., Neis, M., Merk, H. F., Baron, J. M., Schmengler, J., John, S. M., Blaschke, V., Bonnekoh, B., Holzamer, N., Schmidt, U., Ambach, A., Oppermann, H., Thriene, B., Gollnick, H., Kraus, T., Häberle, M., Hoopmann, M., Hehl, O., Werfel, T., Heidrich, S., Kelber, J., Hünecke, P., Kasche, A., Klaus, S., Thiel, M., Buters, J., Weichenmeier, I., Ring, J., Traidl-Hoffmann, C., Behrendt, H., Krämer, U., Lau, S., Kim, S., Mahling, H., Schulz, G., Keil, T., Wahn, U., Mock, B., Kugler, J., Cremer, R., Sandner, B., Kaiser, F., Herbst, R. A., Wahl, R., Suck, R., Kügler, K., Frosch, P. J., Nabe, A., Konturek, P., Simon, K., Kressel, J., Nägel, A., Wilken, V., Strehfeld, T., Neubert, K., Pieper, B., Kuhn, M., Winterkamp, S., Pacurar, A., Senger, D., Beskitas, E., Dorrmann, H., Mueller, M. W., Harwanegg, C., Hiller, R., Kinne, R. W., Schröder, C. M., Mahler, V., Schröder, A., Erdmann, S., Schultis, H. W., Buchwald, F., Hampel, W., Maiss, J., Naegel, A., Zahradnik, E., Doekes, G., Runge, D. M., Schwertner, H., Grize, L., Schindler, C., Surber, Ch., Böckelmann, R., Horn, T., Breithaupt, S., Thiele, J. J., Gutermuth, J., Jakob, T., Heinzelmann, J., Varosi, F., Debevc, F., Pöhlmann, T. G., Seyfarth, L., Kindt, F., Löser, C., Niemeier, V., Gieler, U., Kummer, W., Haberberger, R. V., Klockenbring, T., Stöcker, M., Huhn, M., Bauer, R., Goerlich, R., Fischer, R., Barth, S., Suchodolska, A., Soost, S., Bayerl, C., Ludwig, B., Gancs, P., Häusermann, P., Harr, T., Müller, M., Sachs, B., Riegel, S., Schichler, D., Schrooten, J., Heussen, N., Hilgers, R.-D., Seo, J. W., Franke, I., and Strauss, R.

Subjects
SIT und Insektengiftallergie, Immunology and Allergy
Published
2004
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235. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation assays designed for del(7q) detection uncover more complex rearrangements in myeloid leukaemia cell lines

Author

Kamel, Ym, Naiel, A, Alshehri, A, Vetter, M, Saccone, Salvatore, Anderson, R, and Tosi, S.

Subjects
Chromosome rearrangements, Leukaemia cell lines, Chromosome 7, Chromosomal aberrations, In situ hybridization, Leukaemia, Cell lines, HLXB9 gene, Fluorescence in situ hybridisation, K562, GDM-1, GF-D8
Abstract

Chromosome 7 abnormalities are associated with poor prognosis in myeloid leukaemia. The pathogenetic mechanisms that arise from chromosome 7 rearrangements and lead to malignancy are still poorly understood. The use of leukaemia-derived cell lines might be a useful tool to shed some light on these mechanisms. The cytogenetic characterisation of these cell lines is therefore important for the understanding of the genetic alterations leading to the disease. We carried out fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) on three different myeloid leukaemia-derived cell lines (GDM-1, GF-D8 and K562). These were selected on the basis of harbouring rearrangements of chromosome 7. The probes used in these experiments were whole and partial chromosome paints, Multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridisation (M-FISH) probes as well as locus specific probes for the 7q22, 7q31 and 7q36 regions. Our study confirmed the chromosome 7 abnormalities previously reported in the cell lines GDM-1 and GF-D8. We refined one of the rearrangements of chromosome 7 in the K562 cell line and reported some discrepancies with the data published in earlier reports. With this study, we confirm the importance of using a series of FISH probes to characterise chromosomal abnormalities in detail, as some rearrangements might go under-detected or mis-interpreted. Moreover, we highlight the importance of monitoring cell lines broadly used in research, as these can lose or acquire characteristics as they evolve in time in different laboratories.

Published
2014

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