446 results on '"Verbal response"'
Search Results
202. A demonstration of automatic recognition of ‘yes’ or ‘no’ non-lexical verbal responses for speech-based interaction
- Author
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Shiva Sundaram, Nathalie Diehl, and Robert Schleicher
- Subjects
Response generation ,Data collection ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Speech recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,Verbal response ,business ,Hidden Markov model ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,Natural language processing ,Graphical user interface - Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrated ourwork in context-independent classification of non-lexical ‘yes’ and ‘no’ responses. A typical use case in speech-based interaction with a computer was presented. Related data collection procedure adopted from human-human communication was also described.
- Published
- 2010
203. Emotion et cognition incarnée : la dimension motrice des réponses verbales 'oui' et 'non'
- Author
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Denis Brouillet, Thibaut Brouillet, Loïc P. Heurley, Sophie Martin, Dynamique des capacités humaines et des conduites de santé (EPSYLON), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)
- Subjects
05 social sciences ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,050109 social psychology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,Verbal response ,050105 experimental psychology ,Embodied cognition ,Incarnation ,Motor processes ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Experimental work ,Motor activity ,Valence (psychology) ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
International audience; Les théories de la cognition incarnées font l'hypothèse que toutes les opérations cognitives, y compris celles de haut niveau sont fondamentalement enracinées dans les états actuels du corps et dans les systèmes sensori-moteurs du cerveau. Les travaux expérimentaux menés en leur sein s'intéressent uniquement au lien existant entre des processus cognitifs automatiques et des réponses motrices. Jamais ce lien n'a été envisagé à travers celui de la production de réponses verbales telles que les réponses « oui » et « non ». Or, un grand nombre de tâches exigent une réponse verbale en même temps qu'une réponse motrice. Dans ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence que l'évaluation cognitive et automatique de la valence de mots entretient un lien étroit avec les réponses motrices de « tirer » et de « pousser », ainsi qu'avec les réponses verbales « oui » et « non » lorsque la tâche demande de dire si « oui » ou « non » il y a la lettre « a » dans un mot. De plus, les données obtenues montrent que les réponses verbales « oui » et « non » interagissent avec les réponses motrices de « tirer » et de « pousser ». Cette interaction appuie l'idée selon laquelle les réponses verbales affirmatives et négatives présentent une dimension motrice, comme le prévoient les théories de la cognition incarnée (Lakoff & Johnson, 1999; Scorolli & Borghi, 2007; Barsalou, 2008).
- Published
- 2010
204. Research on Therapist Techniques in Brief Individual Therapy
- Author
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Clara E. Hill
- Subjects
Psychotherapist ,medicine.medical_treatment ,government.form_of_government ,05 social sciences ,Applied psychology ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Psychological intervention ,050109 social psychology ,Context (language use) ,Verbal response ,Brief psychotherapy ,050106 general psychology & cognitive sciences ,Covert ,medicine ,Client state ,government ,Self-disclosure ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS ,Psychology ,Individual counseling ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
Research on therapist techniques (defined as verbal response modes) in brief individual therapy is reviewed in terms of its implications for practice Four areas are covered: (a) the overall effectiveness of therapist techniques; (b) the effectiveness of the specific therapist techniques of interpretation and self-disclosure; (c) factors moderating the effects of therapist techniques such as individual differences between clients, individual differences between therapists, and the context within therapy; and (d) the importance of therapist and client covert processes. Several conclusions are drawn: (a) which therapist techniques are used in therapy does make a difference; with interpretation and self-disclosure being particularly helpful; (b) therapists should be aware of their intentions in using different interventions; (c) client type and client state seem to predict the effectiveness of different techniques; (d) clients often hide negative reactions; and (e) when therapists are aware of negative client reactions, there may be negative effects on the therapy.
- Published
- 1992
205. The effects of response mode and stimulus laterality on reaction time in a Sternberg task
- Author
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James W. Brown, William A. Hillix, and Michelle A. Adkins
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medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Memoria ,Cognition ,General Chemistry ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Audiology ,Verbal response ,Catalysis ,Visual field ,Developmental psychology ,Perception ,Laterality ,medicine ,Champ visuel ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
The effects of visual field (right or left), mode of presentation (unilateral or bilateral), and response mode (manual or verbal) on reaction time were investigated in a Sternberg task. Subjects responded with their left hands, with their right hands, or verbally to indicate whether a stimulus was in or out of a memory set. Unilateral presentation produced significantly shorter reaction times than bilateral presentation did (p
- Published
- 1992
206. Verbal concept 'mediators' as simple operants
- Author
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William S. Verplanck
- Subjects
050103 clinical psychology ,Statement (logic) ,05 social sciences ,Articles ,Verbal response ,Behavioral analysis ,Nonverbal communication ,Subject (grammar) ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Control (linguistics) ,Psychology ,Association (psychology) ,Social psychology ,Simple (philosophy) ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
A series of experiments is summarized, in historical rather than logical order. The results of these experiments indicate that one type of verbal operant, the notate, a discriminated verbal response(1) by a subject to stimuli experimentally presented, occurs in at least four kinds of situations, "concept-identification," "problem-solving," "association" and "conditioning." In two of these it becomes chained with other such operants, to form the notant-a fuller verbal statement about the environment, or the monent-a self-administered instruction, that is, an S(D) for further behavior. All three classes of operant, each behaving slightly differently from one another in behavior, seem to constitute the behavioral basis of statements about "hypotheses." Unlike "mediating responses," or "processes," these verbal behaviors are not theoretically inferred, or indirectly manipulated, but rather are subject to direct experimental investigation. The relationship of their strength to the strength of the behaviors that they control is demonstrable.
- Published
- 1992
207. Parents and Pediatricians Talk: Compliance-Gaining Strategies' Use During Well-Child Exams
- Author
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Michael Burgoon, Cathey Ross, and Roxanne Parrott
- Subjects
Medical education ,Health (social science) ,business.industry ,Communication ,education ,Medicine ,Well child ,Verbal response ,business ,Compliance gaining ,Social psychology - Abstract
This study examined transcripts of conversations between pediatricians and parents during well-child exams (N = 42). The purpose was to determine how pediatricians inform and motivate parents to attend well-child exams. In particular, pediatricians' use of verbal response modes and compliance-gaining strategies during well-child exams was evaluated. It was found that pediatricians rely on questions as a primary verbal mode to inform parents but utilize compliance-gaining strategies as an apparent method to motivate parents who report failure to comply with a usual parenting practice. Pediatricians do not use any pattern of verbal response mode or compliance-gaining strategies to inform and/or motivate parents to attend future well-child exams, and compliance-gaining strategies are not utilized as a method to reinforce appropriate parenting practices.
- Published
- 1992
208. Revision of TRISS for Intubated Patients
- Author
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Frederick P. Rivara, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Patrick J. Offner, and James G. Gurney
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Poison control ,Blood Pressure ,Motor Activity ,Verbal response ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Injury Severity Score ,Intubation, Intratracheal ,medicine ,Humans ,Intubation ,Intensive care medicine ,Survival analysis ,Aged ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,Respiration, Artificial ,Survival Analysis ,Abbreviated Injury Scale ,Wounds and Injuries ,Surgery ,business - Abstract
The TRISS system is an important, widely used method for predicting survival in trauma patients. One significant shortcoming of TRISS is its inability to include intubated patients in survival analysis because a respiratory rate and a verbal response are not obtainable. This report describes one approach to this problem. Data from 994 patients with blunt trauma were examined. Like TRISS, survival probability was calculated using a logistic regression model that included age and Injury Severity Score (ISS); however, the best motor response and systolic blood pressure were used in place of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS). With this model, the sensitivity, specificity, and misclassification rate were 57%, 98.9%, and 3.6%, respectively. For TRISS, the sensitivity, specificity, and misclassification rate are 58.8%, 99.3%, and 3.0%, respectively. Thus, our model has predictive performance comparable with TRISS. More importantly, it is applicable to intubated patients who are not pharmacologically paralyzed. Further investigation with larger data bases is necessary.
- Published
- 1992
209. Response-effect compatibility of finger-numeral configurations in arithmetical context
- Author
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Etienne Olivier, Mauro Pesenti, Arnaud Badets, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie (NEFY), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), and Unité de Neuropsychologie Cognitive, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Response–effect ,Physiology ,Computer science ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Addition ,Verbal response ,050105 experimental psychology ,Finger–numeral representation ,Feedback ,Numeral system ,Fingers ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Response effect ,Physiology (medical) ,Reaction Time ,Arithmetic function ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Finger-counting ,Arithmetic ,General Psychology ,Analysis of Variance ,05 social sciences ,General Medicine ,body regions ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Compatibility (mechanics) ,Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Mathematics ,Photic Stimulation ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
International audience; The present study aimed at testing, by means of a response–effect compatibility paradigm, whether finger–numeral representations derived from finger counting may underlie simple arithmetic problem solving in adults. Participants were asked to provide a verbal response to simple additions, which triggered the presentation of the correct (Experiment 1) or an incorrect (Experiment 2) response, displayed either as a configuration of fingers or as a series of rods. Answers were faster with finger configurations than with rods, and only when the finger configuration showed the correct result. These findings support the idea that, even in adults, simple arithmetic operations are still unconsciously underlain by finger–numeral representations.
- Published
- 2009
210. The embodied cognition theory and the motor component of 'yes' and 'no' verbal responses
- Author
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Loïc P. Heurley, Thibaut Brouillet, Denis Brouillet, Sophie Martin, Dynamique des capacités humaines et des conduites de santé (EPSYLON), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,business.product_category ,Adolescent ,Metaphor ,media_common.quotation_subject ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Verbal response ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,media_common ,Cognitive science ,Lever ,Analysis of Variance ,Motor planning ,Verbal Behavior ,05 social sciences ,General Medicine ,Embodied cognition ,Incarnation ,Visual Perception ,Female ,Psychology ,business ,Psychological Theory ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Photic Stimulation ,Psychomotor Performance ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
International audience; Most of the experiments which give theories of embodied cognition their empirical anchorage only take into consideration the motor responses induced by the task or the motor component of the visual stimulus. And yet, these motor responses are often associated with a linguistic answer. Our hypothesis is that “YES” and “NO” verbal responses have a motor component. In a first experiment we showed that producing a verbal response (YES vs. NO) involves motor planning (pushing vs. pulling): participants push a lever more quickly when they have to answer “yes” than “no”, and conversely, they pull a lever more quickly when they have to answer “no” than “yes”. Moreover, in a second experiment, we showed that perceiving the words “YES” and “NO”, on its own, leads to the same motor planning than when “yes” and “no” answers actually have to be produced. Participants detect the word “YES” faster when they have to push a lever than when they have to pull it and conversely they detect the word “NO” faster when they have to pull the lever than when they have to push it down. These results are discussed in reference to “online” and “offline embodiment” concepts and to the cognitive linguistic theories.
- Published
- 2009
211. Event-related potentials in face naming and tip-of-the-tongue state: further results
- Author
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Mónica Lindín and Fernando Díaz
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Dissociation (neuropsychology) ,Brain activity and meditation ,Famous Persons ,Audiology ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Verbal response ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,Young Adult ,Negative wave ,Tongue ,Tip of the tongue ,Event-related potential ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Evoked Potentials ,General Neuroscience ,Recognition, Psychology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Face ,Female ,Famous persons ,Psychology ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the ERP correlates (some of which were characterized in a previous study) of the "tip-of-the-tongue" (TOT) state, in a face naming task, and to determine how dissociation of the manual and verbal responses (delaying the verbal response 2s from the stimulus onset) affects the Late Negative Wave (LNW). The results showed: 1) new ERP correlates of the TOT state, as the latency of both the Early P3 and N450 components was significantly longer in TOT than in successful naming, reflecting slower access in TOT, from the 300 ms post-stimulus, to information about the famous people, and 2) no differences in the amplitude of LNW among response categories, which suggests that the LNW amplitude is modulated by the brain activity associated with the verbal response.
- Published
- 2009
212. The role of precues in the preparation of motor responses in humans
- Author
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Otmar Bock and Udo Eversheim
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Biophysics ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Verbal response ,Functional Laterality ,Task (project management) ,Young Adult ,Memory ,Psychophysics ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Attention ,Communication ,business.industry ,Sensory memory ,Sensorimotor system ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Motor Skills ,Visual Perception ,Female ,business ,Psychology ,Psychomotor Performance ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The authors investigated how precues about the location of an upcoming target are used by the sensorimotor system to reduce manual reaction time. In 4 experiments, participants (N = 12 in each experiment) pressed a response key as fast as possible when a precued or a nonprecued visual target appeared. Precues remained effective when a visual mask was interposed between the display of the precue and the target (Experiment 1), which suggests that precues act downstream from visual sensory memory. The precue effect was abolished when precues were presented along with a task requiring attention and a verbal response (Experiment 2) but not when presented with a task that required verbal output but had no attention demands (Experiment 3). Those findings indicate that precues must be processed attentively to become effective. When the attention-demanding task was interposed between precue and target display, the precue effect was still abolished (Experiment 4), which suggests that individuals' attention must remain in the precued area until target appearance.
- Published
- 2009
213. Driver Comprehension of Integrated Collision Avoidance System Alerts Presented Through a Haptic Driver Seat
- Author
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Gregory M. Fitch, Brian M. Kleiner, and Jonathan M. Hankey
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Active safety ,Poison control ,Response time ,Verbal response ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Comprehension ,Traffic collision avoidance system ,InformationSystems_MODELSANDPRINCIPLES ,Collision avoidance system ,business ,human activities ,Simulation ,Haptic technology - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of increasing the number of collision avoidance system alerts presented through a haptic driver seat on drivers’ response performance. Twenty-four participants performed specific driving maneuvers in response to one, three, or seven haptic seat alerts while they drove an instrumented vehicle. Participants verbally identified the alerts after executing a maneuver. Results show that drivers made the correct driving maneuver in response to the alerts. This was likely because of the strong stimulus- response compatibility designed into the haptic seat. As predicted by Information Theory, drivers’ mean manual response time to the alerts significantly increased, and their verbal response accuracy significantly degraded, as the number of alerts increased. A three-alert haptic seat approach is recommended providing specific design requirements are met.
- Published
- 2009
214. Effects of mental countermeasures on psychophysiological detection in the guilty knowledge test
- Author
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Eitan Elaad and Gershon Ben-Shakhar
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Dissociation (neuropsychology) ,Psychometrics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Lie Detection ,Blood Pressure ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Verbal response ,Developmental psychology ,Polygraph ,Physiology (medical) ,Humans ,Attention ,media_common ,Psychological Tests ,General Neuroscience ,Galvanic Skin Response ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Countermeasure ,Guilt ,Female ,Knowledge test ,Psychology ,Psychophysiology ,Vigilance (psychology) ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
This study focused on the effects of mental countermeasures on psychophysiological detection in a guilty knowledge paradigm. Two experiments which utilized a 3 X 2 between subjects factorial design were conducted. Two types of mental countermeasures (specific dissociations from the relevant stimulus and continuous dissociation throughout the entire test, as well as a control-no countermeasure condition were used). Each group was further subdivided into two conditions — a high attention condition created by motivational instructions and a deceptive verbal response to the relevant question; and a low attention condition in which no motivational instructions were provided and no verbal response was required. The results of both experiments (one was conducted in a field set up, and the other utilized more standard experimental equipment and measurement procedures) revealed the following pattern: the item-specific countermeasures tended to increase psychophysiological detection, whereas the continuous dissociations tended to decrease detection efficiencies. The pattern was consistent across attention conditions and experiments but it was stronger in the field experiment where overall detection efficiency was relatively high. In other respects the present results replicated previous findings and revealed a significant effect for the attention factor.
- Published
- 1991
215. The psychotherapeutic value of a 'Chat': A verbal response modes study of a placebo attention control with breast cancer patients
- Author
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Ronald W. Parker, Mary V. Burton, and Jennifer M. Wollner
- Subjects
Psychotherapeutic interventions ,Clinical Psychology ,Breast cancer ,Psychotherapist ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Attentional control ,medicine ,Verbal response ,medicine.disease ,Placebo ,Psychology ,law.invention - Abstract
In a randomized controlled trial of breast cancer patients awaiting surgery, 51 client-centered psychotherapeutic interventions and 56 “chats” were analyzed using Stiles' Verbal Response Modes (VRM...
- Published
- 1991
216. A behavioral comparison of the helping styles of nursing students, psychotherapists, crisis interveners, and untrained individuals
- Author
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Marsha L. Lewis, Patricia McCarthy, Muriel B. Ryden, and Connie Sherman
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Helping behavior ,Empathy ,Verbal response ,Affect (psychology) ,Interpersonal relationship ,Nursing ,medicine ,Humans ,media_common ,Helping Behavior ,Mental health ,Psychotherapy ,Crisis Intervention ,Female ,Students, Nursing ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,Nurse-Patient Relations ,Psychology ,Crisis intervention ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Helping styles of nursing students were compared with those of subjects in a prior study (17 psychotherapists, 12 crisis interveners, and 15 untrained people). Subjects were 30 junior-year college students in the second part of a two-course sequence in interpersonal relations. The subjects were videotaped in a 3-minute interaction with a simulated client. An experienced psychotherapist who was trained in the use of the Helping Skills Verbal Response System instrument rated each student. The helping behaviors of nursing students were found to resemble those of trained mental health practitioners; their behavior was significantly different from those of untrained individuals, who were highly verbose, directive, and used minimal reflection of affect or content.
- Published
- 1991
217. Radio psychology talk show hosts: Assessment of counseling style
- Author
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David A. Levy, Diana E. Brief, and Eric P. Emerson
- Subjects
Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,soccer.player ,Verbal response ,Directive ,Style (sociolinguistics) ,Counseling style ,Feeling ,soccer ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,health care economics and organizations ,Albert Ellis ,media_common - Abstract
Radio psychology talk show hosts' responses were analyzed using the 14-category Hill Counselor Verbal Response Category System (HCVRCS) and then compared with the verbal behaviors of other professional and non- professional helpers, including Carl Rogers, Fritz Perls, Albert Ellis, family practice lawyers, and mutual-help group leaders. Radio hosts tended to be active and directive in their verbal behaviors, offering primarily advice and information, and only infrequently reflecting, restating, or self-disclosing. In terms of overall verbal style, hosts strongly resembled Ellis and Perls, who were both highly active and directive in their interactions. Hosts were very dissimilar compared to Rogers, whose client-centered approach is principally nondirective. Although both hosts and lawyers were very active, lawyers emphasized facts and knowledge, whereas hosts focused more on feelings and insight. Compared to hosts, mutual-help group leaders gave more information and were more self-disclosing.
- Published
- 1991
218. Preschoolers’ perceptions of teacher role and importance
- Author
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Marcia Summers, James C. Stroud, Judith E. Stroud, and Amy Heaston
- Subjects
Value (ethics) ,Child care ,Social Psychology ,Interview ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Verbal response ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Pediatrics ,Developmental psychology ,Feeling ,Perception ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Results of a study which examined preschool children's perceptions of teacher role and importance are presented and discussed. Using a pictorial interview method, 60 preschool children from two child care centers were questioned individually to elicit their feelings about the teacher's role in the classroom and the teacher's status in relation to other occupational roles. Children revealed their perceptions either by giving a verbal response or by pointing to a drawing. Among other findings, children's responses indicated they perceive teaching as work, believe the teaching profession is as important or more important than other selected occupations, and recognize the value of teaching to society.
- Published
- 1991
219. Mental workload when driving in a simulator: effects of age and driving complexity
- Author
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Martin Simoneau, Vincent Cantin, Normand Teasdale, and Martin Lavallière
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Engineering ,Automobile Driving ,Secondary task ,Psychometrics ,Headset ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Verbal response ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Cognition ,Mental Processes ,Overtaking ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Simulation ,Aged ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Age Factors ,Workload ,Vocal response ,business - Abstract
Driving errors for older drivers may result from a higher momentary mental workload resulting from complex driving situations, such as intersections. The present study examined if the mental workload of young and older active drivers vary with the difficulty of the driving context. We adopted the probe reaction time (RT) technique to measure the workload while driving in a simulator. The technique provided clear instructions about the primary (driving) and secondary (RT) tasks. To avoid structural interference, the secondary task consisted of responding as rapidly as possible with a vocal response ("top") to an auditory stimulus. Participants drove through a continuous 26.4-km scenario including rural and urban sections and probes (stimuli) were given in a baseline static condition and in three different driving contexts embedded into the overall driving scenario. Specifically, stimuli were given randomly when (a) driving on straight roads at a constant speed, (b) approaching intersections for which the driver had to stop the car, and (c) when overtaking a slower vehicle. Unless a driving error was made, drivers did not need any emergency responses. Reaction time was defined as the temporal interval between the auditory stimulus and the onset of the corresponding verbal response detected from the analog signal of a piezo-electric microphone fixed on a headset (ms accuracy). Baseline RTs were similar for both groups. Both groups showed longer RTs when driving and RTs increased as the complexity of the driving contexts increased (driving straights, intersections, overtaking maneuvers). Compared to younger drivers, however, older drivers showed longer RTs for all driving contexts and the most complex driving context (overtaking maneuvers) yielded a disproportionate increase. In conclusion, driving leads to a greater mental workload for the older drivers than for the younger drivers and this effect was exacerbated by the more complex driving context (overtaking maneuvers).
- Published
- 2008
220. Comparison of the efficiencies of permanent maxillary tooth removal performed with single buccal infiltration versus routine buccal and palatal injection
- Author
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Wei-liang Chen, Zhi-quan Huang, Song Fan, and Zhao-hui Yang
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Palate, Hard ,Adolescent ,Visual analogue scale ,medicine.drug_class ,Anesthesia, Dental ,Dentistry ,Carticaine ,Verbal response ,Unnecessary Procedures ,Articaine ,Maxillary tooth ,Injections ,Young Adult ,stomatognathic system ,medicine ,Maxilla ,Humans ,Maxillary central incisor ,Single-Blind Method ,Prospective Studies ,Anesthetics, Local ,General Dentistry ,Aged ,Pain Measurement ,Orthodontics ,business.industry ,Local anesthetic ,Administration, Buccal ,Buccal administration ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Dentition, Permanent ,stomatognathic diseases ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Tooth Extraction ,Surgery ,Female ,Oral Surgery ,business ,Infiltration (medical) ,medicine.drug ,Anesthesia, Local - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate whether articaine/HCl administered alone as a single buccal infiltration in maxillary tooth removal provided favorable palatal anesthesia as compared to buccal and palatal injection, for a surgical procedure.In total, 71 patients for removal of bilateral permanent maxillary teeth were enrolled in the present study. For the experimental side, 1.7 mL of 4% articaine/HCl was injected into the buccal vestibule of the tooth. After 5 minutes, tooth extraction was performed. On the control side a similar protocol was applied with the addition of a palatal injection. All patients completed a 100-mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Response Scale (VRS) after both injection and then extraction, respectively.According to the VAS scores, the pain of injection between buccal infiltration without a separate palatal injection and routine administration with additional palatal injection was statistically significant (P.05). However, the VAS scores for permanent maxillary tooth removal showed no significant difference between the 2 types of injection (P.05). All patients described both extractions as "acceptable" and no patient requested an additional palatal injection to ensure comfortable extraction.The routine use of a palatal injection for the removal of permanent maxillary teeth may not be required when articaine/HCl is used as the local anesthetic.
- Published
- 2008
221. Spatial updating: how the brain keeps track of changing object locations during observer motion
- Author
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Christian Büchel, Thomas Wolbers, Mary Hegarty, and Jack M. Loomis
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Situation awareness ,Precuneus ,Motion Perception ,Field Dependence-Independence ,Fixation, Ocular ,Verbal response ,computer.software_genre ,Functional Laterality ,Premotor cortex ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,medicine ,Psychophysics ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Computer vision ,Attention ,Communication ,Analysis of Variance ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Eye movement ,Brain ,Observer (special relativity) ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Oxygen ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Virtual machine ,Space Perception ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychology ,computer ,Neuroscience ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
As you move through an environment, the positions of surrounding objects relative to your body constantly change. Updating these locations is a central feature of situational awareness and readiness to act. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a virtual environment to test how the human brain uses optic flow to monitor changing object coordinates. Only activation profiles in the precuneus and the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) were indicative of an updating process operating on a memorized egocentric map of space. A subsequent eye movement study argued against the alternative explanation that activation in PMd could be driven by oculomotor signals. Finally, introducing a verbal response mode revealed a dissociation between the two regions, with the PMd only showing updating-related responses when participants responded by pointing. We conclude that visual spatial updating relies on the construction of updated representations in the precuneus and the context-dependent planning of motor actions in PMd.
- Published
- 2008
222. Assertiveness training as a major component element of a psychoeducational program addressed to psychiatric patients and their families
- Author
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Agathon Mιlinιe, Nick E Degleris, Andreas Solias, Eleftheria Mantelou, and Diamanto Karamberi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Assertiveness training ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,Verbal response ,Mental health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Component (UML) ,Forensic psychiatry ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,medicine ,Element (criminal law) ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Geriatric psychiatry ,Clinical psychology - Published
- 2008
223. The Playback Method of Protocol Analysis Applied to a Rapid Aiming Task
- Author
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Barry H. Kantowitz, B. S. Terrill, T. J. Triggs, T. F. Fleming, and A. C. Bittner
- Subjects
Protocol (science) ,Elementary cognitive task ,Computer science ,05 social sciences ,Emphasis (telecommunications) ,Real-time computing ,Protocol analysis ,Objective data ,General Medicine ,Verbal response ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,050105 experimental psychology ,Task (project management) ,Human–computer interaction ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Extended time ,050107 human factors - Abstract
The analysis of subjective verbal protocols can provide valuable information additional to that obtained from traditional objective data sources. The most frequently used type of protocol analysis is of the “think-aloud” report where operators verbalize as they perform a task of interest. However, while this concurrent method has been usefully applied to high-level cognitive tasks that are accomplished over extended time periods, it is generally considered to be less appropriate for short-duration tasks where the emphasis is on speed of performance. This study reports on the application of a new protocol method to a speeded task based on a procedure where the computer “plays back” the experimental trials and shows the subject's response. The verbal response of the subject was recorded during the playback, augmented by prompts from the experimenter. Several aiming tasks requiring rapid movements to a target were examined using this method. The data obtained from the protocol analysis were a valuable adjunct to the actual performance results, and demonstrated that the new method appears to be a satisfactory procedure for obtaining protocols for rapidly performed tasks. Where movements involving both hands were involved, the verbal protocols supported a divided attention hypothesis for performance over a competing motor-program hypothesis. The reports implied that the movement characteristics were under conscious control requiring division of attention.
- Published
- 1990
224. Topographical display and interpretation of event-related desynchronization during a visual-verbal task
- Author
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Wolfgang Klimesch and Gert Pfurtscheller
- Subjects
Computer science ,Speech recognition ,Verbal response ,Electroencephalography ,Task (project management) ,Task Performance and Analysis ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Spatial localization ,Cortical Synchronization ,Brain Mapping ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Event related desynchronization ,Brain ,Cognition ,SMA ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Neurology ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,Photic Stimulation ,Communication channel - Abstract
Multichannel EEG recordings were performed during a visual-verbal judgement task with a verbal response using an event-related paradigm. EEG trials of 7 sec were first digitally band pass filtered (10-12 Hz, 10-11 Hz, 11-12 Hz), and the amplitudes were then squared and averaged over all trials. This processing method results in a time course of alpha power and allows us to quantify the event-related desynchronization (ERD) in each EEG channel and to compute series of ERD maps in intervals of 125 msec. Analyzing the 10-11 Hz band, it was possible to study the time course and topographical pattern of cortical activation during visual encoding and cognition. Analysis of the 11-12 Hz band has enabled us, for the first time, to study the time course, spatial localization and extent of activation of speech, premotor and motor areas. We found that the speech centers were activated maximally 250 to 375 msec before speech onset and the SMA about 250 msec before speech onset. The results are preliminary, but demonstrate how much information can be extracted from the scalp EEG.
- Published
- 1990
225. La respuesta emocional de ansiedad de los experimentos: un estudio mediante parámetros vocales
- Author
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I. Martín López and J. A. Talavera
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,medicine ,Anxiety ,Digital analysis ,Cognition ,Audiology ,medicine.symptom ,Verbal response ,Psychology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Social psychology ,Task (project management) - Abstract
The aim of this study was human subjects's anxiety in experimental situations. Digital analysis of vocal utterances allowed us to study this phenomenon through all the steps of an experimental situation. Two tasks were designed. They had different levels of cognitive cornplexity but both required the same kind of verbal response. Two .of 20 subjects had to complete the tasks in different order. A digital analysis of subjects' voice was performed along the task. Results show that levels of anxiety were the same at the beginning of both tasks (the ease and the difficult one) but increased while subjects were performing the difficult task. Therefore, subjects seem to control and adjust their anxiety according to the kind of task they were performing. Results also pointed out that there were not initial differen ces in anxiety according to subject's level in trait-anxiety. However individuals with highest trait-anxiety rates were more inefficient than others to reduce their initial levels of anxiety as state.
- Published
- 1990
226. Which score should be used in intubated patients′ Glasgow coma scale or full outline of unresponsiveness?
- Author
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Mohammad Ali Heidari Gorji, Ali Morad Heidari Gorji, and Seyed Amir Hossein Hosseini
- Subjects
traumatic brain injuries ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Traumatic brain injury ,Mortality rate ,Intensive Care Unit ,Glasgow Coma Scale ,Glasgow coma scale ,Verbal response ,Four score ,medicine.disease ,mortality ,Intensive care unit ,Surgery ,law.invention ,Full outline of unresponsiveness ,Level of consciousness ,law ,medicine ,Original Article ,business ,Check List - Abstract
Background and Aims: Today Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is the most well-known and common score for evaluation of the level of consciousness and outcome predict after traumatic brain injuries in the world. Regarding to some advantages of the full outline of unresponsiveness (FOUR) score over GCS in intubated patients, we're going to compare the precision of these two scores in predicting the outcome predict in intubated patients. Methods: This research was a diagnostic-based study, which was conducted prospectively on 80 patients with Traumatic brain injury who were intubated and admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Educational Hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Science during February 2013 to August 2013.The scores of FOUR and GCS were measured by the researcher in the first 24 h of admission in ICU. The information's recorded in the check list including the mortality rate of early and late inside of the hospital interred to excel. The findings were analyzed using SPSS software, through descriptive statistics and regression logistic. Results: The results showed of 80 patients 21 patients (20%) were female and 59 patients (80%) were male. The age average of the samples was 33.80 12.60 ranging from 16 to 60 years old. 21 patients (26.2%) died during treatment. Of 21 patients, 15 patients died during first 14 days (18.7%) and 6 patients died after 14 years (7.5%). The area under curve (AUC) of FOUR score in early mortality was 0.90 (C 1 = 0.95, 0.88-0.90). The amount AUC for GCS was 0.80 (C 1 = 0.95, 0.78-0.84), which in delayed mortality it was ordered as 0.86 (C 1 = 0.95, 0.84-0.90) and 0.89 (C 1 = 0.95, 0.78-0.88). Conclusion: The research results indicated that FOUR score is more exact and more practical in intubated patients regarding lack of verbal response factor in early mortality prediction in GCS. Hence, it is recommended for health professionals to use the FOUR score to predict the early outcome of intubated patients with traumatic brain injuries.
- Published
- 2015
227. Effect of Response Method in Participants with Sensorineural hearing loss
- Author
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Debadatta Mahallik, Preeti Sahu, and Rajkishor Mishra
- Subjects
Response method ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Significant difference ,medicine ,Sensorineural hearing loss ,Audiology ,Verbal response ,medicine.disease ,business ,Auditory thresholds - Abstract
Background: Aim of the study was to compare the speed of response, false-alarm rate, and subject preference of different response methods i.e. raising a hand, using response switch, and oral response mode for measuring pure-tone thresholds. Methods: Forty five participants (female-21 and 24 male) were included in the study with sensorineural hearing loss of various degree. Response method order was randomly assigned to 3 different sessions. Air-conduction thresholds were measured thrice for each participant in octave intervals between 250 Hz and 8000 Hz. The 2 nd and 3 rd session were performed for different response method on a different day but within 2 weeks of the 1 st session. Results: Difference in the time was noted when compared with the extent of time required to complete the test for each response method. On an average, using the pushbutton method took 3.02 to 3.42 minutes less than using hand-raise or verbal response methods. There was also a significant participant preference for using the response button. No significant difference between response method for threshold level and number of false positives (P = 0.15) was found. Conclusion: This study supports the use of the response button when measuring auditory thresholds for sensorineural hearing loss.
- Published
- 2015
228. Topographical display and interpretation of event-related desynchronization during a visual-verbal task
- Author
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Pfurtscheller, G. and Klimesch, W.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
229. Use of the Vector scaling unit in supportive periodontal therapy: a subjective patient evaluation
- Author
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R. I. Marshall, P. M. Bartold, and A. Hoffman
- Subjects
Adult ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Poor compliance ,Visual analogue scale ,business.industry ,Ultrasonic Therapy ,Significant difference ,Dentistry ,Pain ,Ultrasonic scaler ,Verbal response ,Middle Aged ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Periodontics ,Medicine ,Dental Scaling ,Humans ,Regression Analysis ,Patient evaluation ,Split mouth design ,business ,Scaling ,Periodontal Diseases ,Aged ,Pain Measurement - Abstract
Background: Patient discomfort is one reason for poor compliance with supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). The aim of this study was to compare the levels of discomfort during SPT, using the Vector (TM) system and treatment with a conventional ultrasonic scaler. Methods: Forty-six patients with an SPT programme were debrided using both the Vector (TM) system and a conventional piezo-electric scaler (Sirona (TM)) in a split mouth design. A visual analogue scale was used to evaluate of pain scores upon completion of treatment. A verbal response scale(VRS) was used to assess discomfort, vibration and noise associated with the scaling system, as well as the volume and taste of the coolant used by these systems. Results: Patients instrumented with the Vector (TM) system experienced approximately half the amount of pain compared with the conventional ultrasonic scaling system. The VRS showed that the Vector (TM) system caused less discomfort than the conventional ultrasonic scaling system when assessed for pain, vibration, noise and volume of coolant. These findings were all statistically significant. There was, however, no statistically significant difference between the two systems when assessed for taste. Conclusion: During SPT the Vector (TM) system caused reduced discomforting sensations compared with conventional methods and may be useful in improving compliance with SPT programmes.
- Published
- 2005
230. Effects of hand orientation and delay on the verbal judgment of haptically perceived orientation
- Author
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Albert Postma, Astrid M. L. Kappers, Sander Zuidhoek, Physics of Man, Afd Psychologische functieleer, Sub Human Perception, Sensorimotor Control, IBBA, and Research Institute MOVE
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Time Factors ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Spatial Behavior ,050109 social psychology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Verbal response ,050105 experimental psychology ,Judgment ,Artificial Intelligence ,Orientation ,Perception ,Psychophysics ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Speech ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,media_common ,Haptic technology ,Analysis of Variance ,05 social sciences ,Hand ,Horizontal plane ,Sensory Systems ,Ophthalmology ,International (English) ,Space Perception ,Female ,Stereognosis ,Oblique effect ,Haptic perception ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Psychomotor Performance ,Reference frame ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
We examined the haptic perception of orientations of a single bar throughout the horizontal plane using a verbal response: participants were to assign a number of minutes to the orientation of a bar defined with respect to the stimulus table. Performance was found to be systematically biased. Deviations were consistent with, yet much smaller than, those resulting from haptic motor matching tasks. The size and direction of the deviations were found to correlate with hand orientation, and not to depend on spatial location per se, suggesting a role for hand-centred reference frames in biasing performance. Delaying the response by 10 s led to a small improvement only of right-hand perceptions, indicating different hemispheric involvement in processes involved in retaining and/or recoding of haptic orientation information. Also the haptic oblique effect was found with the current verbal response. Importantly, it was affected neither by hand orientation nor by delay, suggesting that the oblique effect is independent of the aforementioned deviations in orientation perception.
- Published
- 2005
231. Étude du lien entre l'évaluation de la valence et les réponses verbales dans une tâche de décision lexicale
- Author
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Arielle Syssau, Thibaut Brouillet, Dynamique des capacités humaines et des conduites de santé (EPSYLON), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)
- Subjects
05 social sciences ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,050109 social psychology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Verbal response ,050105 experimental psychology ,Nonverbal communication ,Positive response ,Negative response ,Lexical decision task ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Valence (psychology) ,Psychology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Evaluation of the positive or negative valence of a stimulus is an activity that is part of any emotional experience that has been mostly studied using the affective priming paradigm. When the prime and the target have the same valence (e.g. positive prime and positive target), the target response is facilitated as a function of opposing valence conditions (e.g. negative prime and positive target). These studies show that this evaluation is automatic but depends on the nature of the task's implied response because the priming effects are only observed for positive responses, not for negative responses. This result was explained in automatic judgmental tendency model put forth by Abelson and Rosenberg (1958) and Klauer and Stern (1992). In this model, affective priming assumes there is an overlap between both responses, the first response taking precedence as a function of the prime-target valence, and the second response one that is required by the task. We are assuming that another type of response was not foreseen under this model. In fact, upon activating the valence for each of the prime-target elements, two preliminary responses would be activated before the response on the prime-target valence relationship. These responses are directly linked to the prime and target evaluation independently of the prime-target relationship. This hypothesis can be linked to the larger hypothesis whereby the evaluative process is related to two distinct motivational systems corresponding to approach and avoidance behaviour responses (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1990; Neuman & Strack, 2000; Cacciopo, Piester & Bernston, 1993). In this study, we use the hypothesis that when a word leads to a positive valence evaluation, this favours a positive verbal response and inversely, a negative valence word favours a negative response. We are testing this hypothesis outside the affective priming paradigm to study to what extent evaluating a word, even when it is not primed, activates both motivational systems and consequently, positive verbal responses for approach and negative responses for avoidance. To validate this hypothesis, we are re-using both versions of the lexical decision task proposed by Wentura (2000). The classic version leads participants to a positive response for words, and the modified version leads to a no response. This experiment, carried out with thirty-two participants, measures the influence on response time of two experimental factors, the intrasubject valence of words (positive and negative) and the inter-subject factor (yes and no responses to words). Results show an interaction between the type of response and word valence. It is temporally more onerous to give a no response to positive words than to negative words. This result confirms that there is a direct relation between the evaluation of a valence stimulus and the response to this stimulus, a relation that had up to now been essentially observed with motor behaviours, and more rarely with verbal responses. We propose integrating the existence of this link between evaluation and verbal response (yes and no) in interpreting the effects of affective priming.
- Published
- 2005
232. Dissociation between Verbal and Pointing Responding in Perspective Change Problems
- Author
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Ranxiao Frances Wang
- Subjects
Spatial transformation ,Dissociation (neuropsychology) ,Perspective (graphical) ,Verbal memory ,Verbal response ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Predicting the outcome of spatial transformations, such as viewpoint changes, is very important in everyday life. It has been shown that it is very difficult to point to where an object would be as if one is facing a different direction (perspective change problem). These difficulties are often attributed to the imagination process that is mentally rotating oneself or the object array. This chapter investigates this hypothesis by varying the ‘imagination time’ before the target is given. It presents two experiments showing that when using a pointing task, there is no improvement in performance even when the participants are allowed to complete the ‘imagination’ process first. In contrast, when using a verbal reporting task, participants are able to describe the egocentric angles of the imagined target location as quickly as the no-imagination control condition. These results suggest that participants are able to transform and maintain a representation of the new perspective, but this representation is accessible to a verbal system that subserves the verbal response task, but not to an action system that subserves the pointing task. Thus, functional features defined with respect to one cognitive system may not generalize to another cognitive system.
- Published
- 2004
233. Understanding and non-understanding as two aspects of ineraction
- Author
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Yemelianova, Olena Valerianivna
- Subjects
вербальна реакція ,communication ,адресат ,комунікація ,addressee ,verbal response - Abstract
Стаття має на меті дослідити вербальні та невербальні реакції адресата, в яких віддзеркалюється розуміння чи нерозуміння між співрозмовниками. The article represents the results of investigation of verbal and non-verbal addressee's responses. The responses reflect understanding / non-understanding between the interlocutors.
- Published
- 2004
234. Social regulatory effects of infant nondistress vocalization on maternal behavior
- Author
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Hui-Chin Hsu and Alan Fogel
- Subjects
Adult ,Facial expression ,Speech quality ,Infant ,Sound production ,Verbal response ,Social Environment ,Social relation ,Mother-Child Relations ,Developmental psychology ,Nonverbal communication ,Infant Behavior ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Head movements ,Humans ,Speech ,Female ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,Psychology ,Linear growth ,Maternal Behavior ,Demography - Abstract
This study investigated the social regulatory function of infant nondistress vocalization in modulating maternal response. Thirteen infants and their mothers were observed weekly in a face-to-face interaction situation from 4 to 24 weeks. After the occurrences and the speech quality of infant nondistress vocalization were identified, maternal contingent responses to these vocalizations were also coded. Each responsive action was further classified by the change processes involved. Results showed that it was the occurrence of infant nondistress vocalization rather than its speech quality that regulated maternal verbal response concurrently and that infant nondistress vocalization was more likely to be synchronized with maternal facial expression and touch than with head movements. Developmentally, significant individual differences were found in the linear growth patterns of overall maternal response and within the individual modalities when responding to speechlike vocalizations.
- Published
- 2003
235. Effect of Wada methodology in predicting lateralized memory impairment in pediatric epilepsy surgery candidates
- Author
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David W. Loring, Gregory P. Lee, Ann Hempel, Yong D. Park, and Michael Westerveld
- Subjects
Pediatric epilepsy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Verbal response ,Audiology ,medicine.disease ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Epilepsy ,Seizure onset ,Neurology ,Anesthesia ,Laterality ,medicine ,Wada test ,Memory impairment ,Epilepsy surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology - Abstract
Because Wada evaluations are not standardized, it is impossible to know to what degree method variance accounts for reported differences in results. To examine this problem, three comprehensive epilepsy surgery centers compared the efficacy of two Wada memory methods to predict seizure onset laterality in 152 children being considered for epilepsy surgery. Wada memory asymmetries were evaluated using either real objects with no verbal response required or more mixed stimuli requiring a verbal response. When using real objects, Wada memory performance was significantly worse when relying on the side of seizure onset in both left and right seizure onset children. In contrast, Wada memory performance using mixed stimuli was worse on the side of seizure onset only among patients with seizures originating in the left-hemisphere. The superiority of real objects was most apparent in younger children with left side seizure onset. Results suggest the use of mixed stimuli is less sensitive to the effects of unilateral seizure onset, and thus, diminishes the capacity of the Wada test to predict lateralized seizure onset in children.
- Published
- 2003
236. Addressee's Status in Text Triad
- Author
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Yemelianova, Olena Valerianivna
- Subjects
вербальна реакція ,non-verbal response ,адресат ,addresse ,verbal response ,невербальна реакція - Abstract
Досліджено взаємозв'язок між можливою вербальною/невербальною реакцією адресата та його его-станом на момент мовлення. В процесі аналізу з'ясовано, що реакція адресата органічно поєднана з соціопсихологічними та етнокультурними аспектами спілкуваня. The author explores the relation between possible addressee's verbal/non-verbal responses and his/her EGO-state. In the process of analysis it was established that the addressee's response is closely connected with the sociopsychological and ethnocultural aspects of communication.
- Published
- 2003
237. William B. Stiles, Describing talk: A taxonomy of verbal response modes. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1992. Pp. x + 248. Hb $44.00, pb $21.95
- Author
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Martin J. Malone
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Sociology and Political Science ,Anthropology ,SAGE ,Taxonomy (general) ,Verbal response ,Psychology ,Language and Linguistics - Published
- 1993
238. Masked speech recognition in school-age children and adults: Effects of age, masker type, and context
- Author
-
Joseph W. Hall, Emily Buss, and Lori J. Leibold
- Subjects
Signal level ,Noise ,School age child ,Acoustics and Ultrasonics ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Age groups ,Speech recognition ,Context (language use) ,Performance gap ,Verbal response ,Psychology - Abstract
This study evaluated the influences of age, masker type, and context on masked speech recognition. A repeated-measures design compared the speech recognition thresholds of two age groups of children (5–7 and 9–13 years) and a group of adults (19–33 years) in a continuous speech-shaped noise or a two-talker speech masker. Target stimuli were disyllabic words that were familiar to young children. Masker level was fixed at 60 dB SPL, and signal level was adapted to estimate the SNR required for 70.7% correct performance. Each listener completed testing in each masker condition using both an open-set task requiring a verbal response, and a 4AFC closed-set task requiring a picture-pointing response. Consistent with previous studies, and regardless of response context, larger and more prolonged child-adult differences were observed in the two-talker compared to the speech-shaped noise masker. Poorer performance was observed for all three age groups using the open-set compared to the closed-set context. This performance gap was similar across the three age groups in the speech-shaped noise masker, but a developmental effect was observed in the two-talker masker. Specifically, the decrement in performance using the open-set compared to the closed-set procedure increased with age in the two-talker masker.
- Published
- 2014
239. Understanding Verbal Response in Competitive Dynamics
- Author
-
Tieying Yu, He Gao, and Albert A. Cannella
- Subjects
Competitive dynamics ,General Medicine ,Verbal response ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Our study develops theory about the role of language in the competitive engagement of rival firms. We start with the widely- researched action-response model of Smith, Grimm and Gannon (1992), desc...
- Published
- 2014
240. On a variant of Stroop's paradigm: which cognitions press your buttons?
- Author
-
Derek Besner and Matt J. N. Brown
- Subjects
Communication ,business.industry ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Cognition ,Verbal response ,Semantics ,Task (project management) ,Inhibition, Psychological ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,Color word ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,business ,Psychology ,Word (computer architecture) ,Psychomotor Performance ,Cognitive psychology ,Stroop effect - Abstract
The Stroop effect typically refers to the fact that the time to identify the color of a visually presented word is affected by the relationship between the word and the color. When the (irrelevant) word is semantically related to the color (e.g., the wordgreen, presented in red) response time is slower than if the word is neutral or unrelated. One question that has been posed concerns whether semantics plays a role only when the task requires an explicit verbal response, or whether it also plays a role when the response is manual. Sharma and McKenna (1998) have reported that semantics plays a role only when the response is vocal. A reanalysis of their data shows that semantics also plays a role when manual responses are made.
- Published
- 2001
241. Verbal responses of children and their supportive providers in a pediatric oncology unit
- Author
-
Julie Yingling
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Health (social science) ,Library and Information Sciences ,Verbal response ,Unit (housing) ,Neoplasms ,Oncology Service, Hospital ,medicine ,Pediatric oncology ,Humans ,Parent-Child Relations ,Child ,business.industry ,Public health ,Communication ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Professional-Patient Relations ,United States ,El Niño ,Family medicine ,Female ,business ,Child, Hospitalized - Published
- 2001
242. Effectiveness of a clinical guide for the treatment of postoperative pain in a major ambulatory surgery unit
- Author
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Fidel Oferil Riera, Ma Asunción Martı́n López, Luis Hidalgo Grau, Gabriel Ollé Fortuny, and Miquel Prats Maeso
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual analogue scale ,business.industry ,Postoperative pain ,Analgesic ,Retrospective cohort study ,Pain scale ,Verbal response ,Surgery ,Medical–Surgical Nursing ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Continuous evaluation ,Anesthesia ,Ambulatory ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
A retrospective study to evaluate a clinical guide for the treatment of postoperative pain in our One Day Surgery Unit (ODSU) is presented. A total of 2783 patients, treated during 1 year, were studied. Postoperative pain was evaluated 24 h after surgery by phone-call using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a verbal response scale (VRS). Results were analysed by groups of analgesia and pain scale values. Admissions due to insufficient analgesia were also evaluated. Mean values obtained in all analgesic groups in relation to the VAS were lower than 2.5. It was found that 86% of patients presented a value of VAS
- Published
- 2001
243. The Effects of Age and Distraction on Reaction Time in a Driving Simulator
- Author
-
Justin M. Owens and Richard S. Lehman
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Distraction ,Brake ,Driving simulator ,Visual task ,Cognition ,Verbal response ,Stimulus (physiology) ,business ,human activities ,Cellular telephone ,Simulation - Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of driver distraction - both cognitive and visual - on reaction time to unexpected road hazards. Participants operated a driving simulator while intermittently answering prerecorded questions of various difficulty (holding a "conversation" with the computer), or dialing specified numbers into a cellular telephone. Two road hazards were presented at unpredictable times and locations, including red brake lights and a red pedestrian-shape of approximately the same area as the brake lights. Targets were presented in two different locations: directly in front of the driver at the bottom of the screen, and off to the side of the road. The results showed a significant overall increase in reaction time for older subjects, as well as a strong interaction with the dialing task condition. There were no significant differences from the control for either easy or difficult verbal response conditions. In addition, stimuli on the side of the road took significantly longer to respond to, especially when combined with the dialing task. These data suggest a strong link between age, visual task load, stimulus location, and increased reaction time to unexpected stimuli.
- Published
- 2001
244. The Effects of Unfamiliar Speaker Accent on Story Recall in Adults with Aphasia
- Author
-
Carolyn Bruce, Caroline Newton, and Justine Green
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Recall ,Aphasia ,Stress (linguistics) ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,Audiology ,medicine.symptom ,Verbal response ,Psychology ,Speech processing ,Affect (psychology) ,Linguistics - Abstract
Increased migration and mobility of labour mean that there are increased numbers of bilingual and multilingual individuals working and receiving care within the healthcare services. Research shows that unfamiliar accents affect speech processing in healthy adults (Adank et al., 2009), with deficits greater for non-native-accented speech (Munro and Derwing, 1995). A growing body of evidence suggests that the effects of accent are more pronounced with individuals with aphasia (Dunton et al., in press; To, 2009): they make significantly more errors with unfamiliaraccented speech than with a familiar accent across a range of language tasks that do not require a verbal response, and that difficulties are more marked for individuals with aphasia than for listeners without aphasia. The present study investigates a) how an unfamiliar accent affects the spoken response of individuals with aphasia, and b) whether individual factors affect unfamiliar accent processing
- Published
- 2010
245. Fractioning the Hooper: a multiple-choice response format
- Author
-
Joseph H. Ricker, Bruce Caplan, Russell Woessner, and Maria T. Schultheis
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Visual perception ,Psychometrics ,Anomia ,Verbal response ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Cognition ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Perceptual learning ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Dominance, Cerebral ,Brain Concussion ,Multiple choice ,Aged ,Neuropsychology ,Middle Aged ,Object naming ,Test (assessment) ,Stroke ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Boston Naming Test ,Visual Perception ,Female ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The Hooper Visual Organization Test (HVOT) provides an excellent illustration of the multifactorial nature of most neuropsychological tests. Although the HVOT clearly requires certain visual perceptual skills, the test also demands that the subject produce an overt verbal response - i.e., the name of the object that has been cut up and rearranged. Thus, individuals with disorders of confrontation naming may obtain low scores on the HVOT by virtue of their anomia, even if the primary perceptual skills that the HVOT purports to assess are intact. The present study was designed to minimize the demands of object naming on HVOT performance, by using a multiple choice format of the HVOT. Fourteen individuals with lateralized injury resulting from either cerebral vascular accident or cerebral contusion were administered the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and the standard version of the HVOT. Approximately 24 hours later, subjects were administered the Multiple-Choice Hooper Visual Organization Test (MC-HVOT). The MC-HVOT consisted of the 30 original HVOT stimuli presented with four response choices, including the correct response and three foils. A paired sample t test revealed that anomic subjects achieved a significantly greater number of correct responses on the MC-HVOT then under the standard HVOT administration. Subjects with both right and left hemisphere involvement benefited from diminished naming demands. Overall HVOT performance significantly improved when the object naming demand was reduced, resulting in a clearer assessment of visual integration skills. These findings may have significant implications for both interpretation of impairment and formulation of treatment recommendations.
- Published
- 2000
246. Hypnotic and posthypnotic suggestion: finding meaning in the message of the hypnotist
- Author
-
Amanda J. Barnier and Kevin M. McConkey
- Subjects
Complementary and Manual Therapy ,Adult ,Male ,Hypnosis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Suggestibility ,Ambiguity ,Verbal response ,Social relation ,Clinical Psychology ,Nonverbal communication ,Behavioral response ,Mental Recall ,Humans ,Attention ,Female ,Meaning (existential) ,Psychology ,Suggestion ,Social psychology ,Problem Solving ,media_common ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
High hypnotizable subjects were asked a question before, during, and after hypnosis and were given a suggestion before, during, or after hypnosis to rub their earlobe when they were asked this question. In this way, the experiment placed a question that required a verbal response in contrast with a suggestion that only sometimes required a behavioral response. Subjects were more likely to respond behaviorally when the question was associated with the suggestion but more likely to respond verbally when the question was a social interaction; furthermore, the likelihood of subjects responding behaviorally and/or verbally shifted across the tests with the changing message of the hypnotist. The findings highlight hypnotized subjects' attempts to interpret the hypnotist's communications and their ability to resolve ambiguity in the nexus of those messages in a way that promotes their hypnotic behavior and experience.
- Published
- 2000
247. Comparison of amounts of verbal response elicited by a speech pathologist and a mother in the clinic
- Author
-
Sherry Lee Nelson
- Subjects
Communication ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,Verbal response ,business ,Speech-Language Pathology ,Psychology - Published
- 2000
248. Comparison of amounts of verbal response elicited by a speech pathologist in the clinic and a mother in the home
- Author
-
Joan Mathis
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine ,Audiology ,Verbal response ,Psychology ,Speech-Language Pathology - Published
- 2000
249. The impact of measurement error on the comparison of two treatments using a responder analysis
- Author
-
Uma Kher and Leonard Oppenheimer
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Continuous measurement ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Threshold limit value ,Administration, Oral ,Verbal response ,Outcome variable ,Bone Density ,Statistics ,Medicine ,Humans ,Treatment effect ,Aged ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Aged, 80 and over ,Analysis of Variance ,Observational error ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,Models, Statistical ,Alendronate ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,Surgery ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,Osteoporosis ,Female ,business - Abstract
Investigators often report results of studies comparing the proportions of subjects who have clinically meaningful responses to various therapeutic regimens. When the outcome variable is a continuous measure this involves dichotomizing the observed response based on a predefined threshold value. The effect of this strategy is examined, paying particular attention to the impact of measurement error on the resulting estimates of treatment effect (difference in the proportion responding). Expressions are obtained for quantifying the magnitude and direction of the resulting bias, and these are illustrated in a study evaluating a pharmaceutical treatment for osteoporosis.
- Published
- 1999
250. Role dimensions of patient and physician in medical interviews: relationship to patients' satisfaction
- Author
-
Lynda A. Anderson and Jacqueline J. Hinckley
- Subjects
Physician-Patient Relations ,Acquiescence ,Verbal Behavior ,MEDLINE ,Role ,Verbal response ,Interviews as Topic ,Coding system ,Patient satisfaction ,Patient Satisfaction ,Humans ,Psychology ,General Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
We applied the Verbal Response Mode coding system to 80 medical interviews to characterize role dimensions of patient and physician and to assess the relation between physicians' role dimensions and patients' satisfaction. Role dimensions conformed closely to prior work Physicians' acquiescence was positively correlated with satisfaction. This study suggests that the role dimensions generated by the Verbal Response Mode taxonomy are a useful measure of patients' and physicians' relationships.
- Published
- 1998
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