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This study identifies the perceived risk factors of particulate matter (PM) and the effect of the perceived risk factors of PM on the relationship between tourists’ trust and aspiration regarding the tourist destination, the customer return on investment, and the willingness to visit a tourism destination. Accordingly, this study discussed the severity of PM, which plays a key role in causing air quality issues, and classified the factors for perceived risk of PM into physical, psychological, financial, functional, and time risks to verify its effect on consumers’ emotional response and willingness to visit. Data collection for empirical analysis took place in April 2021 for two weeks. A total of 285 significant data points were obtained on tourists with travel experience in the past year. The demographic characteristics were confirmed using SPSS 22.0 (IBM, New York, NY, USA) and AMOS 22.0 (IBM, New York, NY, USA), and the measurement and structural models were verified through a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, respectively. The empirical analysis showed that the perceived risk of PM has a negative effect on trust in the tourism destination and desire for it, and the behavioral intention of customers. Furthermore, alternative attractiveness was found to play a significant moderating role. The results of this study proved the negative effect of PMs on tourism destinations and provided implications and insights to present a meaningful strategy for minimizing PMs’ perceived risk.

This article provides an empirical overview of coffee/caffeine studies in relation to sport worldwide, an incipient but growing relationship that has existed since 1938, although systematized over time since 1999. The extracted articles were examined using a bibliometric approach based on data from 160 records stored in the Web of Science (JCR) between 1938 and August 2021, applying traditional bibliometric laws and using VOSviewer for data and metadata processing. Among the results, these articles highlight an exponential increase in scientific production in the last two decades, with a concentration in only 12 specific journals, the hegemony of the USA among the co-authorship networks of worldwide relevance, and the thematic and temporal segregation of the concepts under study. This article concludes a high fragmentation of the authors with the highest level of scientific production and an evolution of almost 20 years in relevant thematic topics, and a concurrent concentration in three large blocks: (1) coffee consumption and risk factors, (2) health and coffee consumption, and (3) metabolism and sport correlated with the intake of coffee, which are distanced in time, providing evidence of an evolution that gives way to the irruption of alternative visions in the relationship of coffee and caffeine with sport.

This article shows the levels of technostress in primary and secondary education teachers in Chile, in the context of educational telework that Chile has adopted in connection with the health crisis by COVID-19. The information has been collected with the use of the RED-TIC scale, previously used in this country, whose validity and reliability of the instrument has been treated, for this case, with confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) with a national coverage sample of 3006 teachers. The results show that 11% of teachers reveal techno anxiety and 7.2%, techno fatigue. Combining both manifestations, we find that 6.8% of teachers are techno stressed. Finally, fatigue and anxiety factors are higher for female teachers.

The contemporary literature has largely addressed corporate social responsibility (CSR) at the macro or institutional level, whereas its effect at the micro-level is largely ignored. In addition, contemporary researchers have also ignored the importance of employee pro-environmental behavior to reduce the environmental footprint of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). With this background, the present study attempts to decrease the environmental footprint of the SME sector of China by implementing CSR at the micro-level through the involvement of employees because employees spend a significant amount of their time at workplaces, and hence their environment-related behavior may significantly contribute to improve the natural environment. In this regard, here we examined the impact of the micro-foundation of CSR on SMEs’ environmental performance with mediating effect of employees’ pro-environmental behavior. The data were collected from the different organizations in China. Our sample constitutes a supervisor–subordinate dyad from which we collected 562 filled questionnaires (281 from each). We used the structural equation modeling technique using AMOS software for data analysis, the results show that CSR, directly and indirectly, through employee’s pro-environmental behavior affects the environmental performance of SMEs, and employee pro-environmental behavior partially mediates this relationship. The findings of the present study are helpful for policymakers of the SME sector of China to address widespread environmental issues caused by their business operations.

Este libro se propone valorar la contribucion de Chile y America Latina como agentes activos en la construccion y difusion del conocimiento cientifico. Cada uno de los capitulos que componen esta obra quiere evidenciar este aporte reflexionando en torno al papel de Chile e Hispanoamerica en la cultura cientifica de los siglos XIX al XXI a partir de una amplia diversidad de temas que van desde las exploraciones cientificas, las historias naturales, las colecciones de gabinetes y museos, las reflexiones positivistas acerca de los pueblos originarios, pasando por la historia de los instrumentos hasta las tecnologias de energia solar y la cienciometria. Los estudios que aqui presentamos cuestionan el concepto de una historia de la ciencia periferica en pos de la construccion de una historia global que supone amplias interconexiones entre los distintos rincones del planeta y donde se pone de relieve el conocimiento cientifico generado por los actores locales, especialmente desde Latinoamerica. Estas investigaciones caracterizan la cultura cientifica destacando algunos de sus principales debates y los desafios de la ciencia para el futuro. Los autores esperamos, a traves de esta obra colectiva, seguir contribuyendo en la construccion de una historia de las ciencias desde America Latina.

The accumulation of nucleic acids in aberrant compartments is a signal of danger: fragments of cytosolic or extracellular self-DNA indicate cellular dysfunctions or disruption, whereas cytosolic fragments of nonself-DNA or RNA indicate infections. Therefore, nucleic acids trigger immunity in mammals and plants. In mammals, endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense single-stranded (ss) or double-stranded (ds) RNA or CpG-rich DNA, whereas various cytosolic receptors sense dsDNA. Although a self/nonself discrimination could favor targeted immune responses, no sequence-specific sensing of nucleic acids has been reported for mammals. Specific immune responses to extracellular self-DNA versus DNA from related species were recently reported for plants, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The subcellular localization of mammalian receptors can favor self/nonself discrimination based on the localization of DNA fragments. However, autoantibodies and diverse damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) shuttle DNA through membranes, and most of the mammalian receptors share downstream signaling elements such as stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and the master transcription regulators, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). The resulting type I interferon (IFN) response stimulates innate immunity against multiple threats-from infection to physical injury or endogenous DNA damage-all of which lead to the accumulation of eDNA or cytoplasmatic dsDNA. Therefore, no or only low selective pressures might have favored a strict self/nonself discrimination in nucleic acid sensing. We conclude that the discrimination between self- and nonself-DNA is likely to be less strict-and less important-than assumed originally.

This chapter gives an account of how the orange economy begins to penetrate the traditional economy of Latin American countries, which are oriented towards the export of generic products and low commercial value. For this, the authors have analyzed the experiences of 18 Latin American creative companies identified by the Inter-American Development Bank. Cases selected concentrates in the media and software platforms sectors of the orange economy, with a qualitative approach and a narrative design through the analysis of the information of these 18 extreme cases of business success describes the possibilities that in the Latin American reality can be visualized. As a result, this chapter allows us to understand the opportunities of entrepreneurship, through the orange economy in Latin America, and to distinguish how this economic, social, and cultural phenomenon is observed, starting from the Latin American academic discourse, contributing to the construction of a definition that tries to achieve a greater conceptual precision concerning Orange economy.

This chapter studies family micro business in Chile and economic development generated around them, specifically in the commerce sector. Firstly, it introduces the micro, small, and medium enterprises context. Then, through a mixed methodology, narrative, and descriptive based on information from secondary sources such as legal bodies, reports, and databases generated by various Chilean State entities, it determines what is the micro family business in Chile and enterprises that are concentrated in the grocery stores. And finally, obtaining as main conclusions, the experience of these microentrepreneurs in opting to establish themselves as companies through an exceptional legal regime, based on the benefits gained from participating in the public technical cooperation program Grocery Stores of Chile is presented.

This chapter analyzes the controversial challenges faced by the Chilean university system for the creation of an international online university. Chile is a country with a neoliberal economic system, widely exposed to international markets, faces the need to internationalize its universities and expand its online offer, two copulative actions in essence, but which have not had enough advances, given the tensions within the university system of that country and the context conditions that surround it.

From a descriptive-functional paradigm, this study explores how universities contribute to the promotion of entrepreneurship and the growth of small and medium enterprises in Chile. This fact constitutes the first approximation to the phenomenon of installing a national network of business development centers driven by the Technical Cooperation Service (SERCOTEC, for its acronym in Spanish), a private law corporation and a body dependent on the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism of Chile. The study uses a qualitative methodology of phenomenological order, and it concludes as of diverse experiences about the achievements evidenced by a group of sixteen business owners advised by these centers from different locations of Chile.

The accumulation of nucleic acids in aberrant compartments is a signal of danger: fragments of cytosolic or extracellular self-DNA indicate cellular dysfunctions or disruption, whereas cytosolic fragments of nonself-DNA or RNA indicate infections. Therefore, nucleic acids trigger immunity in mammals and plants. In mammals, endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense single-stranded (ss) or double-stranded (ds) RNA or CpG-rich DNA, whereas various cytosolic receptors sense dsDNA. Although a self/nonself discrimination could favor targeted immune responses, no sequence-specific sensing of nucleic acids has been reported for mammals. Specific immune responses to extracellular self-DNA versus DNA from related species were recently reported for plants, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The subcellular localization of mammalian receptors can favor self/nonself discrimination based on the localization of DNA fragments. However, autoantibodies and diverse damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) shuttle DNA through membranes, and most of the mammalian receptors share downstream signaling elements such as stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and the master transcription regulators, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). The resulting type I interferon (IFN) response stimulates innate immunity against multiple threats—from infection to physical injury or endogenous DNA damage—all of which lead to the accumulation of eDNA or cytoplasmatic dsDNA. Therefore, no or only low selective pressures might have favored a strict self/nonself discrimination in nucleic acid sensing. We conclude that the discrimination between self- and nonself-DNA is likely to be less strict—and less important—than assumed originally.

Previous studies have largely explored corporate social responsibility (CSR) for organization-centric outcomes to achieve organizational performance, organizational commitment, or organizational citizenship behavior. However, the importance of CSR to achieve customer-centric outcomes is underexplored to date. Contemporary researchers have recently turned their attention toward CSR from the viewpoint of customer-centric outcomes. Therefore, the present study attempts to test the influence of CSR communication on social media and customer loyalty in the banking sector of a developing economy in times of crisis. This study also investigates the mediating effect of electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) with this relationship. The data of the present study were collected from different banking customers using a self-administered questionnaire. The empirical findings of this study validated that the CSR communication of a bank on social media increases customer loyalty, and E-WOM partially mediates this relationship. This study will be helpful for the banking sector to understand the importance of CSR communication to increase customer loyalty, which is very important for every bank in times of crisis.

Cruise activities, until 2020, have presented a significant increase in revenue, as well as number of cruises and passengers transported, and it has become a challenge for ports to respond to this demand for services. In response to this, the world’s ports have implemented different governance models. In this context, in this paper, we aim to review the different governance models, as well as port cooperation, competition, and stakeholders. For this purpose, using science metric meta-analysis, an article set is extracted that strictly refers to the governance model of two databases integrated into the Core Collection Web of Science, whose selection process is polished with the PRISMA guidelines, establishing the eligibility criteria of studies using PICOS tool, to which a qualitative meta-analysis is applied. A limited studies set is identified, that includes governance model implementations, private strategies and internalization patterns in the port sector and cruise ships, patterns of port cooperation and governance, governance models in cruise ports, structures and strategies, and changes in the cruise market. Finally, various governance model forms are determined, all documented in the scientific research worldwide, discussing the various components of study topics.

The study of entrepreneurial intention sheds new light on the complex dynamics of entrepreneurial behavior. This research contributes to the academic debate by examining the gap in studies on entrepreneurial intention in Latin America, considering the importance of gender differences and their effects on entrepreneurial intention. Thus, this study is a contribution to research on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to social equity, in the areas of quality education (SDG 4), gender equality (SDG 5), and inequalities reduction (SDG 10). To study gender entrepreneurial intention phenomena differences, researchers have taken refuge in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and focused their analysis on a group of economics and business students from a coastal campus of a Chilean University. In a two-step methodological process, the authors verified the applicability of the entrepreneurial intention questionnaire (CIE) with the selected sample and then calculated entrepreneurial intention using the CIE instrument. Contrary to general literature results, the study shows that there are no significant gender differences in entrepreneurial intention levels. Furthermore, there is neither evidence for gender differences in any of the three entrepreneurial intention factors, i.e., (a) attitudes, (b) subjective norms, and (c) control of perceived behavior.

Plants continuously are challenging biotic and abiotic stresses to survive. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as hydrogen peroxide are a key signal to transduce environmental stimuli in plants response to stresses. Transgenic tobacco to CchGLP gene from C. chinense BG-3821, produce constitutive levels of hydrogen peroxide which correlates with tolerance to geminiviruses infections. In the present work, it was demonstrated that these transgenic tobaccos are also tolerant to drought stress. Moreover proteomic and metabolomic studies showed that both Omic profiles in tobacco tolerant to both biotic and abiotic stresses, displayed components and impact on biochemical pathways that likely explain the observed phenotype of tolerance in regards to no-tolerant lines and wild type tobaccos. Our results suggested that hydrogen peroxide levels within these studied plants, correlates with induction of proteins and metabolites related to plant defense to stress, opening the possibility that controlling somehow (i.e. applying elicitors in a controlled way) hydrogen peroxide or ROS levels within plants, might help to protect plants in an scenario of global warming for future agriculture.

This article aims to provide a critical view of the global scientific production involved in cruise tourism study. Global references in this field were identified and emphasised for managing existing data to establish ‘bridges’ among researchers. Scientometric analysis was conducted on publications about cruise tourism in mainstream journals integrated into Web of Science. This methodology enabled us to identify current topics, relevant journals, authors, institutions, profitable countries, ‘visible’ and ‘invisible’ collaborative colleges and the research areas considered as the epicentre of the cruise tourism debate. A significant contribution of this work is the use of indicators at the three levels of scientometric complexity, i.e. scientific activity, impact and relational character.

93 páginas : gráficos. La valiosa labor de los formadores constituye un bastión de importancia trascendental como quiera que el docente es precisamente el dinamizador y principal promotor de pedagogías y didácticas que propendan al mejoramiento continuo de procesos académicos en los estudiantes para acceder al conocimiento. Sin embargo, la gran realidad estriba en que, precisamente el docente como agente promotor de dichos procesos, a veces se queda corto en una de las funciones que se creen más imprescindibles como lo es la capacidad y la necesidad de mantener en permanente contacto con el mundo cambiante, actualizarse y de estar a la vanguardia en lo que se refiere a uso y apropiación de nuevas tecnologías y, sobre todo, ser un generador de reflexiones críticas y constructivas en el área de su desempeño específico, pues es el gran referente de sus discípulos. Este es el punto de arranque sobre la reflexión que pretende el presente trabajo, pues la vida académica está en continuo movimiento por el ritmo de vida que exigen las nuevas visiones y la capacidad de construir más conocimiento. INTRODUCCIÓN 9 JUSTIFICACIÓN 13 OBJETIVO GENERAL 14 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 14 CAPÍTULO 1: 15 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 15 1.1 CONTEXTO DE LA FACULTAD DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD MILITAR NUEVA GRANADA 16 1.2 PERFIL DEL DOCENTE DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES 18 1.3 GENERALIDADES DE LA POBLACIÓN DOCENTE 21 1.4 PRODUCCION ACADEMICA DE LOS DOCENTES DE LA FACULTAD DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD MILITAR NUEVA GRANADA 29 1.7. EXPERIENCIAS A NIVEL INTERNACIONAL 38 1.8 EXPERIENCIAS A NIVEL NACIONAL 44 CAPÍTULO 2: 47 MARCO TEÓRICO 47 2.1. REFLEXIÓN EN TORNO A LA FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL DOCENTE 48 2.2. IDENTIDAD DOCENTE 48 2.3 CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA VOCACIÓN EN EL DOCENTE UNIVERSITARIO 53 2.4 CONCEPTO Y REDEFINICION DE LA PRODUCCIÓN ACADÈMICA 53 CAPÍTULO 3: 55 DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO 55 3.1. ENFOQUE Y METODO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 56 3.4 TÉCNICAS DE RECOLECCIÓN 60 3.5. ESTUDIOS EXPLORATORIOS 60 3.13 CATEGORÍAS DE ANÁLISIS 62 3.14 TIPO DE INSTRUMENTO 63 3.14.1 INSTRUMENTO DIAGNÓSTICO SOBRE PRODUCCIÓN ACADÉMICA 64 CAPÍTULO 4: 68 ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS 68 4.1. INSTRUMENTO DIAGNÓSTICO SOBRE PRODUCCIÓN ACADÉMICA 69 4.2 CUESTIONARIO APLICADO EN MAYO DE 2017 69 CONCLUSIONES 75 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS 83 ANEXOS 89 The valuable work of the trainers constitutes a bastion of transcendental importance since the teacher is precisely the promoter and main promoter of pedagogies and didactics that tend to the continuous improvement of academic processes in the students to access the knowledge. However, the great reality is that, precisely as the teacher as promoter of these processes, sometimes falls short in one of the functions that are believed to be most essential as is the ability and the need to keep in permanent contact with the world, to be up-to-date with regard to the use and appropriation of new technologies and, above all, to be a generator of critical and constructive reflections in the area of its specific performance, since it is the disciples This is the starting point about the reflection that the present work intends, since the academic life is in continuous movement by the rhythm of life demanded by the new visions and the capacity to construct more knowledge.

Plants are the main source of food for humans, their production and distribution are vital. The biotic and abiotic stress causes losses in the production, causing from bad organoleptic characteristics in the product to losses between 70– 80% of the harvest.

Tesis (Licenciatura en Kinesiología) Determinar la correlación entre la actividad física realizada en tiempo libre y el control metabólico, medido a través de la hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) en usuarios diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 1, en el hospital del pino durante el año 2016-2017. Este proceso investigativo corresponde a un estudio de tipo observacional de diseño transversal con hipótesis correlacional. Para poder obtener la información sobre la cantidad de actividad física realizada en tiempo libre se realizó a cada paciente el cuestionario sobre actividad física global (GPAQ). Para obtener información acerca de la HbA1c se realizó una búsqueda de datos en la ficha clínica de cada paciente. Para obtener información respecto a otras co-variables se realizó el test de Fagerstrom para identificar el nivel de dependencia a la nicotina (en caso de fumadores), el test de AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) para identificar si existe consumo riesgoso de alcohol, el nivel educacional de cada paciente mediante la pregunta ¿Cuál fue su último año de estudio aprobado?, farmacología y adherencia al tratamiento mediante las preguntas ¿Qué medicamentos toma?, ¿Ha olvidado tomar sus medicamentos en los últimos 7 días?. Para la realización del análisis estadístico se utilizó STATA. Resultados: El tamaño de la muestra total en esta investigación corresponde a 52 personas, las cuales tenían un promedio de edad de 31.05 años (DS±10.05). El promedio total de HbA1c que tenía la muestra es de 9.32% (DS±2.24). La cantidad de actividad física en tiempo libre según GPAQ realizada por la muestra arrojó que solo un 30.67% se los encuestados se clasifica como físicamente activos, mientras que un 69.23% del total se clasifica como Insuficientemente Activo. La adherencia al tratamiento fue de un 100%, el 100% de los participantes tiene una baja dependencia a la nicotina y una baja dependencia al alcohol. La correlación entre las variables de Hb1Ac y nivel de actividad física fue negativa (-0.0653), y la significancia dio como resultado (0.654), por lo que la correlación no es significativa. Se concluyó que no existe correlación entre el control metabólico y el nivel de actividad física realizada en tiempo libre. Este resultado no coincide con el sustento teórico existente, ya que variadas investigaciones han demostrado que el realizar actividad física contribuye a una mejora en el control metabólico, información que también exponemos en este estudio. Una de las grandes complicaciones identificadas en nuestra investigación fue la falta de cultura como sociedad chilena a la realización de actividad física puesto que al ser tan reducida la población físicamente activa condiciona a una dificultad en el análisis e interpretación de los resultados para extrapolarse a conclusiones realistas.

Los territorios que extraen recursos naturales dependen, en general, de factores externos, dado que la existencia y dinámicas de la actividad productiva están asociadas a las materias primas, energía, productos elaborados, tecnología y conocimiento, los cuales son buscados en regiones muchas veces lejanas a la actividad que los requiere y los sostiene, más aún en tiempos de Globalización. Se generan de este modo territorios derivados no sostenibles y con esto una nueva división del trabajo (Silveira, 2009). Fil: Vega Muñoz, Alejandro. Universidad Central de Chile; Chile Fil: Ruiz, Sonia de Los Angeles. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina Fil: Vazquez, Alberto Daniel. Universidad Nacional de La Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales - Sede Comodoro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

De este modo se observan las dinámicas que se desarrollan en la cuenca del Golfo San Jorge especialmente en la ciudad de Comodoro Rivadavia, han dado origen a una “economía de localización” caracterizada por la especialización y concentración geográfica de la actividad vinculada al circuito petrolero, que favorece la innovación, el progreso técnico y el crecimiento, especialmente de los servicios petroleros. La proximidad geográfica permite la realización de actividades de complementación, cooperación, capacitación, organización; y por lo tanto alcanzar mejores niveles de competitividad, también genera dependencias vinculadas a la subcontratación. Parte de estas actividades, desarrolladas al interior del clúster generan tensiones de difícil resolución y que contrastan con las sinergias propias de un clúster cohesionado. El análisis se aborda desde un examen multidisciplinar, teniendo en cuenta la fragmentación y los conflictos sociales que son consecuencia de la desigualdad social, en términos generales. No dejando de lado la concepción de stakeholder para interpretar las posiciones y las lógicas de los diferentes actores en conflicto (Weiss, 2003) Igualmente se abordaran los planteos de las operadoras y sus procesos de negociación, como también el rol del estado. Ampliando los aportes de la Geografía Económica, (Méndez, 2010, Porter, 1995, entre otros teóricos de la localización). La metodología está centrada en la instrumentación del conflicto a través de protestas de los grupos vinculados con la actividad petrolera (piquetes, paros), que forman parte de la realidad de la cuenca (tanto en el flanco sur como en el norte), asociándolos con base de información georreferenciada. Se elabora un índice de conflictividad. Los resultados dan cuenta de los principales actores en conflicto: sindicatos versus empresas petroleras o cámaras empresarias, localizaciones, modo de resolverlos y duración, en el último lustro. Igualmente se abordó como estudio de caso La toma de Cerro Dragón. Fil: Ruiz, Sonia de Los Angeles. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina Fil: Vega Muñoz, Alejandro. Universidad del Pacífico; Chile Fil: Vazquez, Alberto Daniel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales - Sede Comodoro. Departamento de Geografía; Argentina Fil: Murúa, Manuel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina Fil: Ávila, Silvina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina Fil: Arce, Adriana. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina

Adaptation to different host plants can lead to host-associated differentiation (HAD). The mites Oligonychus perseae and Oligonychus punicae have a broad range of host plants, but, to date, records of them coexisting sympatrically had only been reported on avocado. However, our field observations showed both species coexisting on host plants other than avocado. The lack of previous records of these mites on the host plants studied here suggests only recent divergence to new host plant species. Previous studies showed that O. punicae had a limited migration capacity compared with O. perseae, suggesting that O. punicae is more likely to develop a close host plant relationship leading to HAD. Adults of both species were collected from trees hosting both mite species. Three genera of host plants considered were Persea, Salix, and Alnus; two species within one genus were Alnus jorullensis and Alnus acuminata; and three varieties within one species were Persea americana var. Fuerte, var. Hass, and var. Criollo, a noncommercial variety. Using sequence data from a segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I, the phylogenetic relationships and genetic population structure of both mite species in relation to the host plant were determined. Oligonychus perseae populations showed a significant population structure in relation to host plant at the species and genus level, but there was no effect of variety. In contrast, host plant explained none of the genetic variation among O. punicae populations. The potential role of coexistence mechanisms in the contrasting genetic population structure of both mite species is discussed.

Tesis (Magíster en la Enseñanza del Inglés como Lengua Extranjera) El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar la importancia del auto-estima como un factor importante de afectividad en un grupo alumnos de primer nivel de un centro educativo de adultos en la ciudad de Talcahuano. También apunta a determinar la posible incidencia que ésta puede tener en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante dos tests de autoestima que dieciséis alumnos tomaron voluntariamente. También se tomaron notas observacionales de campo tomadas por el investigador y profesor jefe de los alumnos. Finalmente esta investigación sugiere fomentar las relaciones saludables entre profesor y alumno para mejorar no solo el aprendizaje del lenguaje sino para fomentar la resiliencia en el salón de clases. This research study examines the significance of self-esteem as an important affective factor in a first level group of students in an adult education centre in Talcahuano to determine the possible incidence they might have in language learning. Data was collected through two self-esteem tests that were administered to sixteen students voluntarily and observational field notes taken by the researcher and head-teacher of the students. This study research makes suggestions on fostering healthy relationships to increase not only language learning but also to foster educational resilience in the classroom.

RESUMEN: El articulo que a continuacion se presenta, es el resultado de un trabajo de investigacion relacionado con el significado que le otorgan los estudiantes y docentes de primaria a las actividades circenses en la clase de Educacion Fisica. Esta investigacion se enmarca en el paradigma interpretativo fenomenologico y la metodologia cualitativa no experimental, toda vez que lo central es comprender las nociones de significancia en el marco de las actividades circenses y circo. En el estudio emerge con nitidez que el curriculo escolar del subsector carece de espacios para el desarrollo y despliegue de este nucleo tematico. Por otro lado, permite visualizar la pertinencia dentro del modelo curricular de la disciplina, entendiendo que este enfoque paradigmatico sobrepasa la perspectiva mecanicista, dualista e instrumental asignada a la Educacion Fisica, para centrar su mirada en la resignificacion que emerge de las concepciones y vivencias de los sujetos participantes de estas actividades. CIRCUS AT THE SCHOOL: A MOMENT FOR TRANSFORMATION, EXPANSION AND SIGNIFICANCE ABSTRACT: The following article is the result of a research related to the meaning that students and primary school teachers give to circus activities in physical education (PE) class. This research is framed into the phenomenological interpretative paradigm and no – experimental qualitative methodology, seeing that the central is to understand notions of significance in the context of circus PE. In the study emerges with clarity the lack of space of sub-sector to develop and display this core theme. On the other hand, it allows to visualize the relevance within the curriculum model, understanding that this paradigmatic approach surpass the mechanistic, dualistic and instrumental perspective given to Physical Education, to focus the view on the new meaning that emerges from participants’ conceptions and experiences about these activities.

El artículo que a continuación se presenta, es el resultado de un trabajo de investigación relacionado con el significado que le otorgan los estudiantes y docentes de primaria a las actividades circenses en la clase de Educación Física. Esta investigación se enmarca en el paradigma interpretativo fenomenológico y la metodología cualitativa no experimental, toda vez que lo central es comprender las nociones de significancia en el marco de las actividades circenses y circo. En el estudio emerge con nitidez que el currículo escolar del subsector carece de espacios para el desarrollo y despliegue de éste núcleo temático. Por otro lado, permite visualizar la pertinencia dentro del modelo curricular de la disciplina, entendiendo que este enfoque paradigmático sobrepasa la perspectiva mecanicista, dualista e instrumental asignada a la Educación Física, para centrar su mirada en la resignificación que emerge de las concepciones y vivencias de los sujetos participantes de estas actividades.

Aborda a la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) como instrumento estratégico de Comunicación en la actual gestión empresarial; en este marco, el objetivo principal apunta a revelar y precisar el mensaje implícito de la RSC en el relato publicitario y el cómo esta herramienta de comunicación se torna un recurso estratégico que contribuye al valor de marca y su incremento a largo plazo. En este sentido, y previa a una introducción, la tesis consta de dos momentos claramente definidos; un marco teórico, comprendido por los dos primeros capítulos, en el cual se definen conceptos y categorías que acompañaran al desarrollo del trabajo de análisis (La RSC, Comunicación Estratégica, la Marca, la Publicidad, Semiótica del relato publicitario, entre los más importantes). Y un segundo momento, constituido por el tercer capítulo, en el que se presenta y examina, de manera general, el escenario de la RSC en la empresa Telefónica, posterior se lleva a cabo el análisis semiótico del spot “Mi papá trabaja en Movistar”, pieza publicitaria emitida en el año 2008. Finalmente, se generan conclusiones y recomendaciones de dicho trabajo.

La tesis planteada “Diseño e implementación de un módulo entrenador de procesos industriales con aplicación a las variables dedicadas a detección y posicionamiento” consiste en la elaboración de un módulo para la realización de prácticas, con respecto a las variables sobre detección y posicionamiento. El módulo se encuentra equipado con dispositivos, sensores, actuadores y de control que están en cualquier industria, lo que se desea es familiarizar al estudiante para que reconozca visualmente y sepa de qué forma es posible realizar la conexión de los mismos. Todo el sistema puede ser controlado mediante el panel operador que se encuentra en la parte frontal del tablero eléctrico, este panel nos brinda la facilidad de enviar órdenes al PLC y recibir condiciones de funcionamiento del sistema. En la industria se utilizan a diario sistemas para detección y posicionamiento, es por tal motivo la necesidad de aprender acerca de los elementos más comunes con los que se puede elaborar un pequeño proceso a escala, de esta manera nos aseguramos que en algún momento sea posible identificar alguno dentro del amplio mundo de la industria.