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Objective: Individuals with psychotic symptoms may actually correspond to various subgroups, characterized by different patterns of psychotic symptoms as well as specific sociodemographic and clinical correlates. We aimed to identify groups of individuals from the general population with specific patterns of psychotic symptoms. Methods: In a 38,694-subject survey, a latent class analysis was performed to identify subgroups based on the distribution of seven psychotic symptoms taken from the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The different classes were subsequently compared according to sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Results: The best fit was obtained with a four-class solution, including the following: (1) a class with a low prevalence of all psychotic symptoms ('LOW', 85.9%); (2) a class with a high prevalence of all psychotic symptoms ('HAL + DEL', 1.7%); and classes with a high prevalence of (3) hallucinations ('HAL', 4.5%) or (4) delusions ('DEL', 7.9%). The HAL + DEL class displayed higher rates of history of trauma, social deprivation and migrant status, while the HAL and DEL classes displayed intermediate rates between HAL + DEL and LOW. HAL + DEL displayed the highest rates of psychotic and non-psychotic disorders and the use of mental health treatment, while HAL and DEL displayed intermediate rates of these disorders between HAL + DEL and LOW. In comparison to the HAL class, psychotic and substance use disorders were more frequent in the DEL class, while anxiety and mood disorders were less frequent. Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis of a continuum model relating the level of psychotic symptoms to the level of global psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Context: From the will of six ministries in France (health, education, interior, defense, justice, higher education and research) was created in 2019 a National Resource and Resilience Center for Psychotrauma (CN2R) with the particularity of wishing to work in partnership with people experiencing psychotrauma. Aims Objectives Theory or Methods: The CN2R was created with the aim of deepening the knowledge on the psychotrauma and the resiliency processes according to an approach of course in its globality; it has for that four strong axes that are the research, the training and the identification of good practice, the diffusion of the knowledge and the animation of the places of care that are the regional centers of the psychotraumatisms created simultaneously to the CN2R. From its creation, the functioning of this center has been created a transversal axis to the presented axes, the partnership with the people leave... with and a coordinator Highlights or Results or Key Findings This coordinator, who has experience in the partnership between scientific and professional knowledge on the one hand and experiential knowledge on the other hand, has created, according to a methodology that will be presented, a community of people with psychotrauma. A community that today actively participates in the partnership with each of the CN2R's axes, whose teams are learning to co-construct in partnership with members of the community in ways that will also be presented. Articles and audiovisual clips have been co-written, juries for research grants have been set up with their presence, and processes for the development of good practices in partnership with the High Health Autority(HAS) and a skills reference framework are underway. A last process for which a partnership is being organized with Montreal on autism and psychotrauma at the initiative of a think tank of the community of people who are experiencing. Conclusions: That an entity created at the crossroads of 6 ministries and therefore according to a systemic and societal vision to accompany the citizens and society of an entire country towards resilience in partnership with the first concerned demonstrates a progress in the very perception of health. Implications for applicability/transferability sustainability and limitations: In the perspective of transferring to other European states already interested, the partnerships initiated are methodologically constructed, they are thought to be transferable, the limits lie in the youth of this large-scale project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are paroxysms of either altered subjective or objective manifestations that may mimic epileptic seizures (ES), without abnormal neuronal epileptiform activity. In this report, we present the case of a 39-year-old woman with PNES and functional movement disorders, who was successfully treated with neuro-guided transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We used a PET-guided tDCS approach, as a hypometabolism of the frontal region was revealed by FDG TEP scan. TDCs was performed 5 days/week, 2 times/day, during 3 weeks. All clinical manifestations were reported in a seizure diary. We also assessed dissociation, depression, alexithymia, psychotraumatic scales, and involuntary movements. The treatment was followed by a decrease of both psychogenic involuntary movements and PNES at 5 weeks. At the same time, PTSD symptoms, dissociative symptoms, depression and alexithymia improved. PET-scan and tDCS seems to be promising tools for the evaluation and treatment of PNES in clinical practice, and may have a specific role on dissociative symptoms. We report the case of a 39-year-old women presenting with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, who was successfully treated with neuro-guided transcranial direct current stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the authors offer recommendations for improving the quality of care for patients who are victims of sexual violence within mental health units. Topics include the relationship between sexual violence and mental health, main causes of inadequate care, the development of clinical guidelines, training of mental health caregivers and the implementation of early detection strategies.

Recent research has demonstrated the critical role of the feeling of familiarity in recognition memory. Various neuroimaging paradigms have been developed to identify the brain regions that sustain the processing of familiarity; however, there is still considerable controversy about the functional significance of each brain region implicated in familiarity-based retrieval. Here, we focused on the differences between paradigms that assess familiarity, with or without the encoding phase. We used the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) algorithm to conduct a whole-brain meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies that involved a familiarity task. Sixty-nine studies, performed in healthy subjects to determine the specific functions of the identified regions in familiarity processing, were finally selected. Distinct subanalyses were performed according to the experimental procedures used in the original studies. The ALE clusters that were highlighted revealed common activations for paradigms with and without encoding in the prefrontal cortex and in the parietal cortex. Additionally, supplementary activations related to specific familiarity (i.e., without the encoding phase) were observed in the limbic system (i.e., the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, and insula) and in the associative sensory areas. The differences in the reported findings for different procedures are possibly due to differences in the concept of familiarity. To aid the exploration of the neural correlates of familiarity in future studies, the strengths and weaknesses of these experimental procedures are critically discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Baseline values and early changes of emotional reactivity, cognitive speed, psychomotor function, motivation, and sensory perception have not been studied to any extent in unipolar depression, although they could help to characterize different dimensions of illness that are harder to capture by clinicians, give new insights on how patients improve, and offer new early clinical markers for later treatment response. Methods: About 1,565 adult outpatients with major depressive disorder receiving agomelatine completed the clinician-rated 16-item quick inventory of depressive symptoms, Clinical Global Impression, and Multidimensional Assessment of Thymic States (MAThyS) rating scales at inclusion, Week 2 and Week 6. The MAThyS includes a 20-item self-rated visual analog scale (from inhibition [0] to activation [10], with [5] representing the usual state) leading to five a priori dimensions (emotional reactivity, cognitive speed, psychomotor function, motivation, and sensory perception). Results: All MAThyS dimension scores increased from inclusion to Week 2 and from inclusion to Week 6 (P<0.001). Improvement was around 2 points (out of 10) for motivation, 1.5 points for psychomotor function, and 0.5 points for other dimensions. Motivation showed a trend to being more severely impaired at inclusion in future nonresponders (t=1.25, df=1,563, P=0.10). Its improvement at Week 2 was the most discriminating MAThyS dimension between future responders and nonresponders, and represents the best predictor of future response, with the highest area under the receptor operating characteristic curve (area under curve =0.616, 95% confidence interval [0.588-0.643], P<0.001). Finally, improvements in motivation correlated the most strongly with clinician-rated 16-item quick inventory of depressive symptoms improvement (r=-0.491, df=1,563, P<0.001). Conclusion: Motivation had the most capacity for early improvement, the best predictive value for response, and the largest global margin of progress in depressed outpatients. Assessing the evolution of self-reported motivation over time in major depressive disorder could offer an interesting complementary approach to predict response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research on biased processing of aversive stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has produced inconsistent results between response time (RT) and eye-tracking studies. Recent RT-based results of dot-probe studies showed no attentional bias (AB) for threat while eye-tracking research suggested heightened sustained attention for this information. Here, we used both RT-based and eye-tracking measures to explore the dynamics of AB to negative stimuli in PTSD. Methods: Twenty-three individuals diagnosed with PTSD, 23 trauma-exposed healthy controls, and 23 healthy controls performed an emotional dot-probe task with pairs of negative and neutral scenes presented for either 1 or 2 s. Analyses included eye movements during the presentation of the scenes and RT associated with target localization. Results: There was no evidence for an AB toward negative stimuli in PTSD from RT measures. However, the main eye-tracking results revealed that all three groups showed longer dwell times on negative pictures than neutral pictures at 1 s and that this AB was stronger for individuals with PTSD. Moreover, although AB disappeared for the two groups of healthy controls with prolonged exposure, it persisted for individuals with PTSD. Conclusion: PTSD is associated with an AB toward negative stimuli, characterized by heightened sustained attention toward negative scenes once detected. This study sheds light on the dynamics of AB to negative stimuli in PTSD and encourages us to consider optimized therapeutic interventions targeting abnormal AB patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]