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Introduction: in 2021 the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that 160,000 children became infected with HIV. For this reason, the elimination of motherto- child transmission of HIV (MTCT-HIV) has become a global public health priority. Objective: to analyze the magnitude, distribution, and trend of cases by MTCT-HIV from 1996 to 2018, in Mexico. Material and methods: descriptive study, based on official records at the national level, identifying the cases due to MTCT-HIV and their distribution according to the mother's residence. The information was grouped by state and health jurisdiction (HJ) zones, using the Joinpoint segmented regression model. Results: between 1986 and 2018, 3,989 MTCT-HIV cases were diagnosed. Although there was a significant decrease in the number of cases from 2006, in 2018 there were 81 cases. From 2013 to 2018, 470 cases were registered, of which 50.9% were concentrated in six Mexican States and 49.4% in 24 HJ. Conclusion: although there is progress with the data obtained, it is possible to identify geographic areas where it is necessary to prioritize actions to eliminate MTCT-HIV in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to present the stories of resistance of three HIV+ migrants from Venezuela and four lawyers from NGOs and legal offices in Bogotá to analyze how migrants react to the exclusion created by law, using legal and non-legal resistance mechanisms for access to the care and treatment necessary to survive. The methodology used was several semi-structured interviews conducted in 2021 and 2022, using the snowball methodology. Each participant was interviewed several times through Zoom, and the audio of each interview was transcribed and analyzed through N-Vivo. As a theoretical framework for the data obtained, I used different study categories to address resistance mechanisms explained by Austin Sarat, Patricia Ewick, and Susan Silbey. As a result, migrants have managed to process their health needs through NGOs and support networks where people who have had experience facing different scenarios of exclusion, particularly in hospitals, advise others and teach them "tricks." In addition, the lawyers interviewed agree on the strategic use of the refugee application to be able to regularize people's migratory situation and thus achieve full access to the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to understand the meanings attributed to best practices in the care of people living with HIV in two different care models in priority municipalities from southern Brazil. Method: Constructivist Grounded Theory, with 52 in-depth interviews conducted in 2020 and 2021, involving professionals from primary and specialized care, managers and people living with HIV. Results: the phenomenon of "Signifying best practices as gradual and consistent across different priority municipalities" allows for an understanding that actions related to health prevention and promotion, counseling, early diagnosis and referral are developed in the centralized care model. In the decentralized model, the emphasis is on expanding the role of nurses and family physicians in infection management, establishing connections, ensuring care continuity, and providing comprehensive care. Conclusion: best practices in different care models require a succession of different moments that respect the perspectives and input of both health professionals and individuals living with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Included in the health-disease binomial are Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) as a global public health problem. The study aimed to understand the main difficulties that women encountered before contracting HIV and the role of nurses in prevention. Through the use of mixed methods and concomitant triangulation strategies, carried out at the "Specialized Care Service" HIV/AIDS (SCS) in the municipality of São João da Boa Vista. The results obtained allowed us to identify that 98% of the women were not aware of sexually transmitted infections before starting their sexual activities. It is concluded that the solution to this epidemic lies in education, exceptionally in the area of health, where the nurse educator, in any contact with the adolescent, can incorporate the necessary information that was absent in the knowledge of the adolescent, as a way of epidemic prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves the quality of life and survival of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); however, its prolonged use generates long-term metabolic and hematological effects. Additionally, dietary aspects and the infection itself are involved. Objective: To analyze the nutritional status and intake of macro and micronutrients in people with HIV under this treatment. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study. Fifty-nine adults with HIV under ART with CD4 T lymphocytes ≥200/mm³ and without any other underlying pathology, who attended the infectious diseases service at Hospital Rawson in Córdoba, Argentina, during the period 2019-2020, participated. Demographic, biochemical (<12 months), ART initiation and current regimen, anthropometric nutritional status, and dietary intake data were recorded. Results: 57.6% were overweight; 25.4% had hypertriglyceridemia; 41.5% had low HDL cholesterol; and 27.6% had hyperglycemia. Excessive intake of calories (49.2%), lipids (54.3%), and sodium (57.6%), and deficient intake of potassium (44.1%), calcium (77.9%), zinc (20.3%), vitamins A (42.4%), and C (35.6%) were recorded in most individuals. Conclusion: The high prevalence of overweight/obesity along with lipid and glycemic alterations requires a comprehensive approach in which adequate nutrition complements ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the book Tras los rastros de un corpus seropositivo: VIH y sida en la poesída costarricense (1983-2017), by Ronald Campos López (2022). First, its importance for the studies on Costa Rican HIV-positive literature is exposed; in addition, the relevance of its theme -- "forgotten" in the literary academic field-- and of the theoretical contributions that support the analysis of Campos López are pointed out. Then, a synthesis of some chapters of the book is offered, where the approaches to the different poems selected by the author are commented. Finally, it is concluded that the book offers a lot of material for an academic, but also for a political reflection, since the study of HIV-positive literature also implies the analysis of the different kinds of knowledge that has built the "disease". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the characteristics and frequency of patients aged over 18 years with tuberculosis (TB) before (2019) and during (2020) the COVID-19 pandemic in a healthcare center (CS) in Lima, Peru. Materials and methods: A descriptive retrospective study that included medical records of 100 patients aged > 18 years enrolled in the TB program at CS Los Libertadores (SMP-Lima, Peru) from 2019 to 2020. Sociodemographic (sex, origin, age), clinical (admission/discharge status, body mass index, comorbidities, TB infection site, type of resistance, treatment regimen) and laboratory (smear microscopy, culture, drug susceptibility testing) variables were analyzed. Patients who did not have all the variables were excluded. An Excel database was prepared and a descriptive statistical analysis of the qualitative variables, expressed in frequencies, and quantitative variables, expressed in measures of central tendency (mean) and standard deviation, was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. TB prevalence per year was determined, according to the population assigned to the healthcare center. Said information was obtained through the Tuberculosis Management Information System (SIGTB). Results: TB prevalence was 0.0015 % (49 patients) in 2019 and 0.075 % (51 patients) in 2020. In both years, the male sex and the age group between 18 and 29 years prevailed, and the most common site of infection were the lungs. In 2020, an increase in HIV comorbidity and mortality rate (0.074) was observed, as well as more positive smear microscopy cases. Conclusions: TB prevalence was higher in 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to a reduced approach to TB programs as a result of the situation imposed by the pandemic. In addition, TB mortality rates raised in the same year, probably due to an increase in treatment dropouts or HIV and diabetes comorbidity rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: to determine the correlation between CD4 count, viral load, and oral Candida colonization in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: a correlational cross-sectional study was conducted with 35 participants receiving antiretroviral treatment. Using flow cytometry, the CD4 count was determined; the viral load was determined by RT-PCRq and confirmation of oral colonization was made by isolating Candida spp. Results: CD4 count was significantly inversely correlated with viral load (Spearman's rho = -0.457, p=0.006; Kendall Tau-b= -0.306, p=0.012) and with oral Candida colonization (Spearman's rho = -0.442, p=0.008; Kendall Tau-b= -0.366, p=0,010), no statistical significance was found between viral load and colonization (p>0.05). Conclusions: in PLWHA receiving ART, low CD4 counts are associated with greater oral colonization by Candida; no association of said colonization with viral load was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to analyze the access of women living with HIV to health care services. Method: qualitative, participant research, mediated by interview and observation with 14 women in the health services of a city in southern Brazil. Content analysis was developed, based on the theoretical categories of the structural and procedural elements of access according to Starfield. Results: the access of women living with HIV to Specialized Services and Primary Health Care occurred at the woman's own initiative. The link occurred mainly in the specialized service that best embraced and met their needs, regardless of the psychosocial relationships established, waiting time for care and geographic location of health services. Final considerations: several factors interfere positively or negatively in women's access to health policy, highlighting the lack of efficient communication between professionals from different services, which affects women's access to information and procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to apprehend the social representations about living with HIV for homeless people hospitalized and to identify the contents, elements and structure of these representations. Method: this is a descriptive study, based on the Theory of Social Representations, conducted with homeless hospitalized people living with HIV. For data collection, a form and the Free Word Association Test were used. Data analysis occurred through descriptive statistics and EVOC software. Results: of the 65 participants, 46 were male, with a mean age of 39 years. The central core of social representations included: fear, illness and prejudice, indicating the functional proportions and related to the image of the investigated object. The investigated group represented living with HIV/aids on the street through negative words, loaded with hurt, sadness and fear. Conclusion: representations have a probable core in the word "fear". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with syphilis in the central nervous system in HIV co-infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, observational and retrospective study was carried out at the University Hospital of Santander, in which patients diagnosed with HIV were included who had neurosyphilis confirmed by the study of cerebrospinal fluid. The inclusion criteria were age over 18 years as well as having performed cerebrospinal fluid studies and/or central nervous system imaging studies. The main measurements of the study were days of hospital stay, time since diagnosis of HIV, viral load, neurological symptoms and characteristics of the cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS: All patients were in stage C of HIV, the CD4 count was below 200 CD4 in 6/9 patients. Headache, alterations in the state of consciousness, fever, meningeal symptoms with 4/9, and language alteration in 3/9 predominated as main symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is necessary to expand the sample to obtain greater statistical power, this article allowed the beginning of the construction of the behavior of neurosyphilis in patients with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. HIV infects more than 2.6 million people/year, reaching 38.0 million by 2019. WHO recognized the disease as a major threat to humanity. Objective. To assess the level of knowledge of HIV-AIDS and associated factors in students during popular events, Évora-Portugal. Methods. Quantitative cross-sectional study, convenience sample, 313 students who visited the institutional pavilion, South Portugal. Sociodemographic data were collected, the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV-KQ-18) was applied. The Kuder-Richardson test yielded a coefficient of 0.847. Data analysis SPSS version 24.0. Results. 56.9% were female (16 and 30 years). Except for 5 items, where the percentage of correct responses exceeded 50%, subjects answered incorrectly about HIV transmission. Mann-Whitney and Kruskall-Walis tests detected no differences in male/female knowledge, age groups and condom availability. Cluster analysis showed two profiles: 1) higher university knowledge, being female, 19-21 years old, low or very high use. 2) low/very low knowledge with associated factors moderate alcohol consumption, represented by males (22-24 years). Conclusion. Conducting this type of survey allows education programmes to address specific HIV/AIDS gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To write the profile of patients with Diabetes Mellitus who live with the HIV virus and are treated in an outpatient endocrinology service. This is a documental, descriptive, observational and cross-sectional research with a quantitative and qualitative approach to data collected through a semi-structured form applied to patients with HIV and Diabetes Mellitus. It was held at the Clementino Fraga Infectious Diseases Complex, in João Pessoa, from March to May 2023. 8 people participated. It complied with Resolution No. 466/12 of the National Health Council, being accepted by the Research Ethics Committee of the University Center of João Pessoa - UNIPÊ and approved by the School of Public Health of Paraíba. There was no higher prevalence over one sex, the mean age was 54 years, 75% self-declared themselves black and there was a higher prevalence of individuals with low education and low income. Lamivudine and tenofovir were used by 75% of the sample. The mean TCD4 lymphocyte count was 867.8 cells/mm2. The study showed a higher prevalence of people > 50 years of age, black, with low income and low education, the most used antiretroviral therapy was Lamivudine, Tenofovir and Efavirez. The study had limitations in relation to the time of data collection and small sample. It is hoped that this research will inspire the realization of new ones to potentiate the data in relation to the theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Was to describe the profile of tuberculosis cases among the deprived population of Brazilian prisons, from 2014 to 2018, including regional and clinical factors. It carried out an ecological study, with the analysis of the trend in the prevalence of Tuberculosis in the prison population, considering the time frame from 2014 to 2018. Data were obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases. Reflect a worrying panorama of tuberculosis among the population deprived of liberty in the Brazilian context, together with the high prevalence of HIV/aids and the consumption of alcohol and other drugs, comorbidities that affect the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and that there are gaps in the control and monitoring of the disease. And permanent educational actions for the prevention, protection and promotion of their health are necessary, in order to minimize the potential risks of illnesses caused by tuberculosis in Brazilian prisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the factors associated with limitations for walking at hospital discharge in people living with HIV/AIDS diagnosed with cerebral toxoplasmosis. Cross-sectional and quantitative research, carried out from the analysis of 88 medical records of hospitalized patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis and HIV in the years of 2018 and 2019. Information regarding sociodemographic, clinical data and reports of mobility difficulties at the time of hospital discharge were collect. Statistics were performed using inferential analysis. Most of the participants were men, divorced, employed, living in Fortaleza-Ceará and with their own home, with a mean age between 37.63 ± 9.32 years. The factors that were statistically associated with limitations for walking at hospital discharge were length of stay, physiotherapy care, and use of mechanical ventilation. In this study, the factors associated with limitation for walking at hospital discharge were the prolonged hospitalization time, physiotherapy care and the use of mechanical ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the process of validation of appearance, clarity and relevance of the content of the instrument entitled: "Consumption of online sexual media and HIV/AIDS risk practices". Materials and Method: Methodological study developed from the Delphi technique. The evaluation was performed by judges and followed three phases: the adaptation of the original instrument to the context of online sexual media, the content validation of the adapted instrument and semantic verification. The data were processed in IBM® SPSS® software with descriptive statistical analysis. Results: CVI was satisfactory for the domains of sexual health (93.4%) and sexual practices (94.2%), while the items related to the consumption of explicit sexual media obtained CVI of 100.0% for both criteria. Conclusions: High content validity and positivity indexes were obtained, indicating that the validated instrument "Consumption of sexual media and HIV/AIDS risk practices" allows us to reliably and quality analyze the influence of sexual media consumption on HIV risk practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the influence of vulnerability factors to HIV/AIDS on sexual risk behaviors in adolescents. Method: Predictive correlational cross-sectional study. Stratified random sample of 1000 adolescents from public schools in a locality of Bogotá-Colombia. A model of structural structures was estimated that demonstrated the effects of vulnerability factors to HIV/AIDS on sexual risk behaviors (VAS-CSR scale), controlling the variables: alcohol consumption, number of sexual partners, beginning of sexual life and age. Results: Regarding risky sexual behaviors, the presented model: an adequate fit; explains 31% of the variance; reported direct effect of: sexual health education, school sexual education, emotional expression at school, sexual relations for love of the partner, partner abuse, alcohol consumption, beginning of sexual life, number of sexual partners; and mediating effect of: emotional expression at school, sexual health education, and sexual relations for love of the couple. Conclusions: Adolescent sexual risk behaviors are explained with five factors of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and three control variables. Future studies should occur in causal factors and mediators that strengthen the evidence of causality and in intervention on risky sexual behaviors controlling the predictor variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), life expectancy of HIV-infected persons had increased and the disease is now managed as a chronic one, but the quality of life (QOL) of the patients is now a concern. Social support enhances QOL of patients with chronic illnesses. However, no study has been done to determine the QOL of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in our environment. This study therefore assessed the QOL of PLWHA attending antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic of Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH), Edo State of Nigeria. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Two hundred and thirty PLWHA attending the ART clinic of ISTH, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria, were systematically selected for the study. A structured questionnaire was interviewer-administered to collect data on sociodemographic and clinical profiles of selected participants, and the WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire was used to collect data the QOL of each participant. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 20.0. Results: The overall mean QOL score for the participants was 89.13±1.18 (95% CI=87.95-90.31). The scores in three of the six life domains in the WHOQOL-HIV BREF instrument were similar and high; spirituality/religion/personal beliefs (16.33±0.36), physical health (15.83±0.28) and psychological health (15.07±0.24). Lower mean QOL scores were observed in the social relationships (13.49±0.28) and environment (13.45±0.20) domains. Clinical HIV stage, marital status, educational status and gender were significantly associated with mean QOL scores in bivariate analysis while only HIV stage 1 and 2 were significantly associated with good QOL in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: It is pertinent that PLWHA are kept in early stages of HIV disease through combination of efforts such as prompt enrolment, commencement and monitoring compliance of HAART, and treatment of opportunistic infections, as well as public health measures including education, de-stigmatization, early diagnosis by extensive accessible screening/testing of at-risk population, social supports and economic empowerment, psychotherapy and social integration of affected individuals especially in a functional home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Individuals in rural and remote areas face barriers to chronic disease care, including HIV. Saskatchewan has the highest HIV incidence among Canadian provinces and 35.6% of the population lives outside of an urban centre. In this study, we explored the relationship between distance to HIV care and markers of quality HIV care in Saskatchewan as part of the Canadian Observational HIV Cohort (CANOC). Methods: We used a Two-Eyed Seeing approach and honoured the experience of Indigenous team members living with HIV. The Positive Partnership Score (PPS) was the primary outcome (including frequency of viral load and CD4 measurements, baseline CD4 count, antiretroviral medication regimen and virologic suppression). Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed with distance to care defined in two ways: (1) categorical based on distance from home to HIV specialist care and (2) road distance from CANOC enrolment site. Results: Two hundred and seventy-six individuals were included in the analyses. Living ≤25 km from a visiting HIV specialist (where no HIV specialist lives in the community permanently) and living >100 km from the closest HIV specialist (either visiting or permanent) were both associated with lower PPS compared to living ≤25 km from where an HIV specialist practises permanently. Each 10 km further from the CANOC enrolment site was associated with a 0.01-point reduction (95% CI-0.02, 0, P = 0.024) in PPS. Conclusion: Through a strength-based approach that was grounded in culture, connection, land and Ceremony, we demonstrated how Indigenous people with HIV can play a key role in research. Distance from care was associated with a poorer quality of HIV care in Saskatchewan highlighting the need for better rural HIV care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Patient-physician relationship is associated with ART adherence and medical follow-up in people living with HIV (PLWH). Patient's trust in their doctor is a key component of patient-physician relationship, so adequate and reliable instruments to measure this component are important to evaluate its impact on health outcomes. Objective. To evaluate the psychometric properties of a translated and adapted version of Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) in Mexican PLWH. Method. A cross-sectional study was carried out in PLWH. Scale was translated to Spanish and culturally adapted. Sociodemographic and TPS data were collected online due to COVID-19 pandemic. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis were carried out in two different samples. Results. Data from 215 participants was used to EFA. Five items were eliminated due to low correlation with total scale. Final Cronbach's alpha was .93. A single-factor structure explained 68.8% of the variance. CFA in a sample of 140 participants confirmed adequate fit indices (X2[7] = 13.015 p = .072, CFI = .997, RMSEA = .057, SMRS = .0015). Discussion and conclusion. The final scale was unifactorial and it is made up of six items instead of 11. It seems to be a valid and reliable scale to measure patient's trust in doctors in Mexican PLWH. Further studies are recommended to provide evidence of convergent validity to the instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a psychoeducational intervention on self-care practices in health and self-efficacy in HIV patients. The method consisted of a quasi-experimental study with 17 patients in the experimental group and 14 in the control group. The non-pharmacological aspects and self-care sub-scale and the self-efficacy sub-scale of the questionnaire of factors related to adherence to treatment for HIV/AIDS were used. Descriptive and non-parametric analyzes were performed to compare the study variables before and after the intervention. A significant improvement was found in the study variables of the experimental group: self-care (t = -4.540; p ≤0.000), self-efficacy (t = -2.976; p≤0.009); In the control group, no significant differences were found: self-care (t = -1.746; p≤0.104), self-efficacy (t = -0.186; p≤0.856). The conclusions indicate that The psychoeducational intervention could be related to an increase in self-care practices and self-efficacy in the participants of the experimental group, one month after completing the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of people living with HIV and with tuberculosis co-infection. Cross-sectional, descriptive case series study, using medical records of seven patients hospitalized in the clinical wards of a university hospital. The collection was carried out from No-vember/2019 to March/2020. It was found that the majority were male, aged between 24 and 72 years. Regarding treatment, in relation to the use of ART, the dropout rate was 71.42%. The data found in the research validate the existing ones in the literature and demonstrate the importance of further research on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Contexte : Le système intégré de surveillance biocomportementale de l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada — Enquêtes Tracks — évalue le fardeau du VIH, de l’hépatite C et des risques associés dans les populations clés au Canada. De 2018 à 2020, les enquêtes Tracks ont été mises en œuvre avec succès par les organisations de services de santé dirigées par les Premières Nations en Alberta et en Saskatchewan. Méthodes : Les équipes responsables des enquêtes dirigées par les Premières Nations ont invité les membres de la collectivité qui s’identifiaient comme membres des Premières Nations, des Inuits ou des Métis à participer aux enquêtes Tracks et au dépistage du VIH, de l’hépatite C et de la syphilis. Des informations ont été recueillies sur les déterminants sociaux de la santé, le recours aux services de prévention, la consommation de substances, les comportements sexuels et les soins du VIH et de l’hépatite C. Des statistiques descriptives sont présentées. Résultats : Parmi les 1 828 participants, 97,4 % se sont identifiés comme membres des Premières Nations et 91,4 % vivaient dans une collectivité située dans une réserve. Plus de la moitié (52,2 %) étaient des femmes cisgenres, l’âge moyen était de 36,3 ans, 82,5 % vivaient dans un logement stable, 82 % avaient accès à des soins de santé primaires et 73,8 % ont déclaré avoir une bonne ou excellente santé mentale. La plupart des participants (97 %) avaient un membre de leur famille qui avait été placé dans un pensionnat. Des proportions élevées ont été victimes de stigmatisation et de discrimination (65,6 %), de contraintes financières (64,3 %) et d’abus dans l’enfance (65,1 %). Le dépistage du VIH (62,8 %) et de l’hépatite C (55,3 %) était relativement élevé. La prévalence du VIH était de 1,6 % (dont 64 % connaissaient leur statut d’infection). La prévalence de l’acide ribonucléique de l’hépatite C était de 5 % (44,9 % des personnes connaissaient leur statut d’infection actuel). Conclusion : Des expériences historiques et continues de traumatismes et une prévalence plus élevée de l’hépatite C ont été déterminées, réaffirmant les données probantes du legs du colonialisme, des pensionnats autochtones et du racisme systémique. La participation élevée au dépistage et à la prévention des infections transmissible sexuellement et par le sang (ITSS) reflète l’importance des services et des programmes de soins de santé adaptés à la culture, sûrs et réactifs, dirigés par les Premières Nations, pour obtenir de meilleurs résultats pour les peuples des Premières Nations.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus infection/AIDS continues to be a health problem despite the reduction in its incidence rates.Objective: to describe the behavior of the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS in the Cienfuegos province from 2014 to 2019.Methods: a descriptive study was carried out, 556 patients were studied and diagnosed with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Chronological series of cases were used and the variables incidence, prevalence, age, sex, accessibility to antiretroviral treatment and mother-to-child transmission were analyzed. Rates and percentages were also calculated.Results: patients from 25 to 49 years of age predominated, who represented 67%. A downward trend was observed in the incidence rates of the disease in the province. At the end of 2019, 98.2% of patients were under antiretroviral treatment. No mother-to-child transmission was reported in the study period.Conclusion: The study carried out evidenced the characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS epidemic in the Cienfuegos province during the study period, which showed a tendency to reduce its incidence rates, as well as guaranteed access to antiretroviral treatment, which, together with care protocols, has made it possible to eliminate mother-to-child transmission.

La investigación se efectuó considerando que las mujeres reclusas en su mayoría provienen de grupos sociales marginados, teniendo notables probabilidades de haberse involucrado en el trabajo sexual, consumo de sustancias, agresiones y embarazos no deseados a edades tempranas, lo cual puede llegar a ser un factor clave generador de enfermedades de trasmisión sexual (ETS). Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en un Centro de Rehabilitación Social de la Sierra Ecuatoriana, 2018. Metodología: se realizó un estudio analítico, diseño no experimental transversal, efectuado en 69 reclusas, en el cual se evaluaron factores sociodemográficos, contexto familiar, estilos de vida y conductas sexuales de riesgo para contraer VIH. Resultados: las reclusas indican haber iniciado su sexualidad entre los 16 a 30 años (31,88%) y de 31 a 49 (57,98%), además, señalan que viven en unión libre (37,68%), han cursado educación media (47,83%), sus costumbres son católicas (66.67%), su orientación es heterosexual (91,38%), tienen hábitos como consumo de tabaco (24,64%), alcohol (37,68%), drogas (14,49%), piercing (66,67%); además, sobresale el embarazo adolescente (73,91%), agresiones sexuales (10,14%), relaciones sexuales con consumo de sustancias (27,54%), no emplean preservativos (59,42%), presentan padecimientos por ETS (5,80%). Finalmente los datos indican que el 94,20% presentan resultados de VIH no reactivo y el 5,8% son VIH reactivas. Conclusiones: El estudio mostró una prevalencia baja de VIH en presencia de los factores analizados. The research was carried out considering that the majority of women prisoners come from marginalized social groups, having notable probabilities of being involved in sex work, substance use, aggression and unwanted pregnancies at an early age, which can become a key factor generator of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Objective: determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a Social Rehabilitation Center in the Ecuadorian Mountains, 2018. Methodology: a cross-sectional analytical study, non-experimental design, demonstrated in 69 inmates, in which sociodemographic factors, family context, lifestyles and sexual risk behaviors for contracting HIV were evaluated. Results: the inmates indicate having started their sexuality between the ages of 16 to 30 (31.88%) and from 31 to 49 (57.98%), in addition, they indicate that they live in a free union (37.68%), they have studied secondary education (47.83%), their customs are Catholic (66.67%), their orientation is heterosexual (91.38%), they have habits such as tobacco consumption (24.64%), alcohol (37.68% ), drugs (14.49%), piercing (66.67%); in addition, adolescent pregnancy stands out (73.91%), sexual assaults (10.14%), sexual relations with substance use (27.54%), not using condoms (59.42%), and suffering from STDs (5.80%). Finally, the data indicate that 94.20% have non-reactive HIV results and 5.8% are reactive HIV. Conclusions: The study showed a low prevalence of HIV in the presence of the factors analyzed.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los pacientes con compromiso del sistema inmune pueden desarrollar una enfermedad neurológica incapacitante e incluso mortal, como lo es la leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva (LMP) producida por el virus de John Cunningham (JC). PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 26 años con diagnóstico reciente de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) que presentó síntomas constitucionales, déficit neurológico progresivo por hemiparesia espástica izquierda, disminución de la agudeza visual y cambios comportamentales. En las imágenes de resonancia magnética (IRM) cerebral contrastada se encontró afectación subcortical difusa de la sustancia blanca con compromiso de las fibras en U que, correlacionado con una prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para virus JC en LCR, confirmó el diagnóstico de LMP. DISCUSIÓN: La LMP puede manifestarse por medio de síntomas cognitivos usualmente imperceptibles para el clínico, pero también como déficit sensorio-motor y visual que se puede corroborar en las IRM al identificar las lesiones típicas en la sustancia blanca, o bien por medio de detección del virus por PCR en líquido cefalorraquídeo. El manejo específico de la causa que desencadenó la inmunosupresión sigue siendo el pilar de tratamiento. CONCLUSIÓN: La mínima sospecha diagnóstica en aquellos pacientes con factores de riesgo y manifestaciones clínicas concordantes con la enfermedad debe llevar a que se confirme el diagnóstico y que se inicie prontamente el manejo terapéutico en búsqueda de restablecer la respuesta inmune.