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Meat cattle breeding should develop in Ukraine as a priority and independent industry to meet beef needs. The meat industry has enormous potential and, as the most promising and attractive, will take a dominant place in the structure of the domestic food industry in the coming years. Beef is one of the most essential elements of the human diet. It contains complete proteins and animal fats, biologically active substances, mineral elements, and vitamins. The most important feature of food products is their quality and safety indicators, that is, the absence of substances harmful to the consumer's health and pathogens of infectious and invasive diseases. In this regard, veterinary and sanitary expertise and product safety control are of particular importance, as they are necessary to ensure the health of the population of Ukraine. Improving the quality of meat and meat products is a primary task in modern conditions. The implementation of this task depends not only on agricultural but also on processing enterprises. The article presents materials on the study of critical indicators of the safety and quality of beef. The study was carried out as part of the research work of the Department of Normal and Pathological Morphology, hygiene, and Expertise: “Monitoring the content of toxic substances in drinking water, feed and their impact on the body of cattle and the quality and safety of products”, state registration number – 0120U101318. The material for the research was the slaughter products of domestic animals, such as cattle, which were supplied to enterprises in the city of Zhytomyr. Pre-slaughter inspection and veterinary-sanitary examination of carcasses and their slaughter products of cattle was carried out following the “Rules of pre-slaughter veterinary examination of animals and veterinary-sanitary examination of meat and meat products”. The study aims to determine the safety and quality indicators of beef obtained in the conditions of meat processing enterprises of the Zhytomyr region. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive survey of beef safety and quality indicators was conducted. As a result of the tests, it was established that the pH level of the meat was 5.7–6.1. Carrying out the reaction with a 5 % solution of CuSO4 in the broth showed that the broth was transparent. A positive response to peroxidase was also detected. The safety parameters corresponded to regulatory documents. Careful control of the safety and quality of beef at every stage of production, starting from the rearing of animals and up to the sale of the product, guarantees a high degree of consumer protection.

New carriers for protein immobilization are objects of interest in various fields of biomedicine. Immobilization is a technique used to stabilize and provide physical support for biological micro- and macromolecules and whole cells. Special efforts have been made to develop new materials for protein immobilization that are non-toxic to both the body and the environment, inexpensive, readily available, and easy to modify. Currently, biodegradable and non-toxic polymers, including cellulose, are widely used for protein immobilization. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer with excellent biocompatibility, purity, high porosity, high water uptake capacity, non-immunogenicity, and ease of production and modification. BC is composed of glucose units and does not contain lignin or hemicellulose, which is an advantage allowing the avoidance of the chemical purification step before use. Recently, BC–protein composites have been developed as wound dressings, tissue engineering scaffolds, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems, drug delivery systems, and enzyme immobilization matrices. Proteins or peptides are often added to polymeric scaffolds to improve their biocompatibility and biological, physical–chemical, and mechanical properties. To broaden BC applications, various ex situ and in situ modifications of native BC are used to improve its properties for a specific application. In vivo studies showed that several BC–protein composites exhibited excellent biocompatibility, demonstrated prolonged treatment time, and increased the survival of animals. Today, there are several patents and commercial BC-based composites for wounds and vascular grafts. Therefore, further research on BC–protein composites has great prospects. This review focuses on the major advances in protein immobilization on BC for biomedical applications.

The important role of honey bees has been known for a long time, as the successful work of Apis mellifera helps to maintain natural biogeocenoses and provides humanity with food and medicinal production. The massive loss of honeybee colonies in the southern and eastern border regions of Ukraine is putting a strain on beekeeping production in the north-western regions of Ukraine. To intensify apiaries, there is a need for systematic and regular monitoring research. Epizootic monitoring provides data on the health of honey bees in a specific geographical region that can be scientifically substantiated. To analyse the epizootic situation with contagious bee diseases in the Rivne region in 2017–2022, we used official data from the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection in the Rivne region. In addition to epizootic monitoring, the aim of our study was to identify the most common bee diseases in this region. The analysis of the results shows that diagnostic tests for varroosis and nosema, acarapidosis, American and European foulbroods, and amoebiasis are planned and carried out systematically. From 2017 to 2021, the number of diagnostic tests for bacterial diseases of bees was increased. At the same time, in 2022, the activity of such research decreased by 6.4% in comparison to 2021. A different pattern was registered for parasitic diseases of bees. For example, there was an increase in the number of such studies from 2019 (1678 studies) to 2022 (3184 studies). It was found that the Rivne region has been safe from American and European foulbroods, acarapidosis, braulosis and amoebiasis for the last 6 years. Varoosis and nosema are registered annually in 2017–2022, with the infection rate for these diseases set at 11.06 % (2020) – 14.82 % (2022), respectively. This data is likely to indicate a change in the economic situation of beekeepers, which makes it impossible to prevent hives from being treated for certain diseases in a timely manner. Thus, the analysis of laboratory tests for contagious diseases of bees helps to detail the epizootic state of a particular region, which allows to determine the direction for veterinary and sanitary measures for a specific apiary.

First experimental modeling of decarbonation reactions resulting in the formation of CO2-fluid and Mg, Fe, Ca, and Mn garnets, with composition corresponding to the garnets of carbonated eclogites of types I and II (ECI and ECII), was carried out at a wide range of lithospheric mantle pressures and temperatures. Experimental studies were performed on a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus of a “split sphere” type (BARS), in (Mg, Fe, Ca, Mn)CO3-Al2O3-SiO2 systems (with compositional variations according to those in ECI and ECII), in the pressure interval of 3.0–7.5 GPa and temperatures of 1050–1450 °C (t = 10–60 h). A specially designed high-pressure cell with a hematite buffering container—preventing the diffusion of hydrogen into the platinum capsule—was used, in order to control the fluid composition. Using the mass spectrometry method, it was proven that in all experiments, the fluid composition was pure CO2. The resulting ECI garnet compositions were Prp48Alm35Grs15Sps02–Prp44Alm40Grs14Sps02, and compositions of the ECII garnet were Prp57Alm34Grs08Sps01–Prp68Alm23Grs08Sps01. We established that the composition of the synthesized garnets corresponds strongly to natural garnets of carbonated eclogites of types I and II, as well as to garnets from xenoliths of diamondiferous eclogites from the Robert Victor kimberlite pipe; according to the Raman characteristics, the best match was found with garnets from inclusions in diamonds of eclogitic paragenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that the lower temperature boundary of the stability of natural garnets from carbonated eclogites in the presence of a CO2 fluid is 1000 (±20) °C at depths of ~90 km, 1150–1250 (±20) °C at 190 km, and 1400 (±20) °C at depths of about 225 km. The results make a significant contribution to the reconstruction of the fluid regime and processes of CO2/carbonate-related mantle metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle.

The seasonal blood pressure variability (BPV) is known to demonstrate a typical winter peak. Recently, more attention is paid to the opposite situation: the summer BP levels being higher than those in winter. This phenomenon is called inverse BPV. The present article summarizes recent data on this topic. The data of the HOMED-BP project, as well as the results of the original prospective study in 770 hypertensive patients from two Russian Federation regions (mean follow-up duration 6.4 years), were used. According to the preliminary knowledge, the prevalence of inverse BPV in hypertensive patients is relatively high (15-25%). This phenomenon is more typical for treated patients, particularly for those on combination therapy, and is associated with beta-blocker intake. Higher duration of hypertension and higher levels of some risk factors (smoking) characterize the patients with inverse BPV. According to the HOMED-BP data, patients with inverse BPV had the highest overall cardiovascular risk (hazard ratio in comparison with the reference group of “minimal” “normal” BPV was 3.07; p=0.004). In summary, inverse BPV is a potentially unfavorable BP phenotype. However, its reproducibility and prospective value deserve further investigation. The absolute magnitude of seasonal BPV in these patients, calculated using different BP measurement methods, warrants special attention.

Aim. To study the changes that have occurred in the pharmacotherapy of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Saratov Region for 5 years by analyzing the antithrombotic therapy of patients who were admitted in a specialized department of the multidisciplinary hospital in Saratov in 2011-2012 and in 2016-2017.Material and methods. A pharmacoepidemiological retrospective study was conducted. The object of the study was the medical records of inpatients (Form 003/y) with the diagnosis “Atrial fibrillation” (ICD-X code I48), that consecutively admitted to the cardiology department of the multidisciplinary hospital in Saratov from January 1, 2011 to December, 31, 2012 (n=211) and from January 1, 2016 to December, 31, 2017 (n=227). Criteria for inclusion in the study: patients over 18 years of age, established diagnosis of non-valvular AF of ischemic genesis. Exclusion criteria from the study: non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, thyrotoxicosis, congenital heart defects, rheumatic heart damage, acute coronary syndrome, endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis, pulmonary thromboembolism, the presence of prosthetic heart valve. Pharmacoepidemiological analysis was carried out for the drugs prescribed during hospitalization and given by doctors at discharge of patients from the hospital. The risk of ischemic stroke was assessed using the CHA2DS2-VASc score, and the risk of bleeding – according to the HAS-BLED score.Results. When analyzing the risk of ischemic stroke, it was found that 100% of patients in 2011-2012 years and 98.2% in 2016-2017 years had indications for the prescription of oral anticoagulants (OAСs). In 2011-2012 there were no patients with a low risk of stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc=0). High risk of bleeding (HAS-BLED≥3) occurred in 4.7% of patients in 2011-2012 and in 10.6% in 2016-2017, however, due to the high risk of stroke, the refusal to prescribe OAC in these patients was inappropriate in accordance with the recommendations for the treatment of AF. In the group of patients with CHA2DS2-VASc=0 in 2016-2017 antiplatelet therapy was prescribed in 100% at the hospital stage and at discharge, which contradicts the guidelines, according to which antithrombotic therapy is not recommended to patients with CHA2DS2-VASc=0. In patients with CHA2DS2-VASc=1, a low percentage of anticoagulants prescription was noted. In 2016-2017 OACs were prescribed only in 12.5% of patients at all stages of observation. In 2011-2012 OAC alone was prescribed only to 1 person (20%) at the hospital stage, which does not comply with modern guidelines for the treatment of patients with AF, according to which patients with a risk score CHA2DS2-VASc=1 are recommended to receive OACs in the absence of contraindications. OACs prescription in group CHA2DS2-VASc≥2 occurred only in 15% of patients in 2011-2012 and in a third of patients in 2016-2017 (p

Background. Early diagnostics of masked hypertension (MH) is one of the key problems in modern cardiology due to the association of this blood pressure (BP) phenotype with doubled cardiovascular risk in comparison with normotension (NT). The current hypertension guidelines list numerous conditions, when the ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) is desirable in patients with normal office BP. However this list does not represent clearly defined, agreed and approved indications for ABPM as a diagnostic tool for MH.Aim. To develop a method of MH diagnostics for the use in routine clinical practice based on the comparing characteristics of patients with reproducible MH vs NT.Material and methods. The patients were selected from two trials that used ABPM (n=1778). The selection criteria included age 40-79 years, office BP

The purpose of this research work was the creation of a safe and effective wound healing drug, in the multicomponent polysaccharide base of which the fibroblast growth factor is integrated in the optimal concentration. Materials and Methods: The present work was carried out in three stages. In Stage 1, the essential formula of a wound healing drug was created. In order to optimize the composition of the base formula, studies were conducted with various concentrations of structure-forming polysaccharides. In Stage 2, we performed technical tests of the gel composition of the medical product on hMSCs culture, and determined the optimal concentration of the growth factor, which was added to the base formula developed at Stage 1 in different concentrations. In Stage 3, an experimental safety study of the developed gel composition, including growth factors, was performed on laboratory animals. In an experimental safety study (subchronic toxicity) on a wound model, sexually mature male rats and Wistar females of the same age (8–9 months) were used. In all animals, 2 wounds of standard size were modeled on the back. Taking into account the weight and gender, rats were distributed evenly into two experimental groups. Group 1 included rats we treated with a polysaccharide gel based on polymers. This polysaccharide gel included rhFGF-b. Group 2 was used as control (without treatment). Results: The laboratory, histological and gravimetric studies of the internal organs and wounds of the animals in the experimental and control groups did not reveal any regular pathomorphological changes indicating the presence of the general toxicological properties of the studied products. This indicates the safety in vivo of the product being developed. Conclusion: The studies conducted in vitro and in vivo allow us to proceed with studies determining the effectiveness of the developed wound healing medical product on laboratory animals.

Experimental modeling of ankerite–pyrite interaction was carried out on a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus of a “split sphere” type (6.3 GPa, 1050–1550 °C, 20–60 h). At T ≤ 1250 °C, the formation of pyrrhotite, dolomite, magnesite, and metastable graphite was established. At higher temperatures, the generation of two immiscible melts (carbonate and sulfide ones), as well as graphite crystallization and diamond growth on seeds, occurred. It was established that the decrease in iron concentration in ankerite occurs by extraction of iron by sulfide and leads to the formation of pyrrhotite or sulfide melt, with corresponding ankerite breakdown into dolomite and magnesite. Further redox interaction of Ca,Mg,Fe carbonates with pyrrhotite (or between carbonate and sulfide melts) results in the carbonate reduction to C0 and metastable graphite formation (±diamond growth on seeds). It was established that the ankerite–pyrite interaction, which can occur in a downgoing slab, involves ankerite sulfidation that triggers further graphite-forming redox reactions and can be one of the scenarios of the elemental carbon formation under subduction settings.

Monitoring of the effectiveness of drug therapy is one of the most debated issues in everyday clinical practice. The emergence of new drugs, methods of analysis, standards, management protocols, and clinical guidelines increases the information load on practitioners and requires a significant investment of time and efforts for self-education. The purpose of the review is to help practitioners in summary form to obtain the necessary information on the issue of control of antiplatelet therapy. The review brings together data from current clinical recommendations on antiplatelet therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease, gives information of existing approaches to control of antiplatelet therapy specified in the guidelines and the consensuses of experts. It presents information on the most common modern methods of monitoring of the antiplatelet therapy effectiveness.

Aim. To estimate an efficiency of influenza vaccination in patients with circulatory system diseases diseases (CSD) under 3-year follow-up in outpatient clinics.Methods. The efficiency of influenza vaccination was investigated in CSD patients followed up at 2Ivanovo outpatient clinics and 2Saratov ones. The investigation enrolled 817 people, including 367 patients who consented to Grippol Plus influenza vaccination and 450 who refused.Results. During 36-month follow-up after being included in the study the vaccinated group showed a significantly fewer influenza and acute respiratory viral infections than the non-vaccinated group (28 and 442; р

Aim. To study the prevalence of high residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) during the dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel by optical aggregometry in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in clinical practice, as well as to determine its value for the prediction of clinical course and outcome of disease.Material and methods. Patients after PTCA and during DAT were included into the study. Evaluation of the functional activity of platelets by optical aggregometry was performed in all patients at baseline. Resistance to ASA, clopidogrel and DAT were detected. Endpoints included cases of repeated atherothrombotic events (sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, ischemic stroke, stent thrombosis). Adherence to therapy was evaluated by Morisky-Green test.Results. 97 patients were included into the final analysis. The risk of myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris in the ASA-resistant patients was significantly higher than this in the DAT-sensitive patients [relative risk (RR)=7.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8-20.54; p=0.045]. Maximum RR for stent thrombosis was in clopidogrel-resistant (RR=7.1; 95% CI 1.41-35.82; p=0.0485) and DAT-resistant patients (RR=12.8; 95% CI 4.5-36.38; p=0.0491), compared with patients with a sensitivity to antiplatelet therapy. DAT-resistance was associated with a higher RR of the combined endpoint, compared with the sensitivity to antiplatelet therapy (RR=10.24; 95% CI 3.96-26.5; p=0.046]), and have a tendency to association with increased risk of combined endpoint compared with isolated ASA-resistance (RR=1.3; 95% CI 0.68-2.6; p=0.081).Conclusion. HRPR during DAT is common in clinical practice in patients with ischemic heart disease after PTCA. Routine use of optical aggregometry in DAT may help to identify patients with an increased risk of thrombotic events in the postoperative period and to assign them an alternative antiplatelet therapy.

Aim. To evaluate risk of repeated atherothrombotic events in patients survived acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and having poorly reduced platelet aggregation (proven by optical aggregometry) in response to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy.Material and methods. 200 patients with ACS (aged 56,6±9,2 y.o.) were included in the study. Platelet functional activity during ASA therapy was evaluated with laser aggregometer. ASA resistance was defined if the summarizing index of platelet aggregation (induced with ADP, 5 mμml/l) was 50% or higher during ASA therapy. Observation period was 18±6 months. Atherothrombotic events (unstable angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death) were considered.Results. Lack ASA response rate was about 12%. Totally 22 repeated atherothrombotic events were registered: 5,6% among ASA sensitive patients and 50% - among ASA resistant patients. Repeated atherothrombotic events were registered in ASA resistance patients during first 14 days. ASA sensitive patients showed repeated atherothrombotic events in some months after ACS. The relative risk of cardiovascular event in ASA resistance patients was 8,92 (CI 95% 4,39; 17,84 р=0,05).Conclusion. The high level of the induced platelet aggregation (proven by laser aggregometry) points to high risk of repeated atherothrombotic events in patients with ACS.

Aim. To evaluate the structure of drug prescriptions in acute coronary syndrome (acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina) on the first day of hospital therapy in Saratov city and Saratov region.Material and methods. Retrospective pharmacoepidemiology study was carried out in 1276 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without elevation ST during first 24 hours.Results. Prescription of drugs with proven efficacy in ACS was higher in Saratov city clinical hospital than this in Saratov municipal hospital or hospitals of Saratov region. There were no significant differences in drug prescriptions in Saratov municipal hospital and hospitals of Saratov region.Conclusion. The first day therapy of ACS depends on hospital type.

Recent data and perspectives of antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are highlighted. The main statements of current Russian and international guidelines about thromboembolic events prevention in AF patients are presented. Special attention paid to new agents for oral anticoagulation therapy , last information about their efficacy , safety and potential of application.

Aim. To evaluate pharmacotherapy of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in cardiology departments of Saratov hospitals of various types. Material and methods. The retrospective pharmacoepidemiological study was carried out with involved of 424 hospital charts of STEMI patients, discharged during the year from the cardiology department of Saratov municipal hospital (MH; n=216) and emergency cardiology department of Saratov clinical hospital (CH; n=208). Results. The real practice in the audited hospitals are not fully consistent with current guidelines for the STEMI patients management. The relationship between guidelines compliance and hospital type is clearly seen. Doctors in MH in comparison with them in CH more often prescribed respiratory analeptics (13.4% vs 5.3% , respectively), metabolic drugs (63.4% vs 37.5%, respectively) and rarer used beta-blockers (50% vs 88.9%, respectively) and thrombolytic therapy (3.7% vs 51%, respectively). In MH dipyridamole was used in 9.6% of patients as an alternative to the acetylsalicylic acid, and clopidogrel was not prescribed. At the same hospital clotting time was determined for monitoring of heparin therapy. Statins were rare used in both hospitals (26% in MH vs 40% in CH). Conclusion. The real clinical practice of STEMI patients management in Saratov hospitals are not completely consistent with current clinical guidelines. There are differences in STEMI patients therapy depending on hospital type.

Atherothrombosis is a complication of ischemic heart disease, and it leads to development of acute coronary syndrome. Atherothrombosis is characterized by sudden destruction of atherosclerotic plaque, which results into platelets activation and thrombus formation. Aspirin - one of the most widely used antiaggregate drugs, prevents development of the recurring myocardium infarction, stroke, sudden coronary death. But in number of patients aspirin is not efficient. Development of repeated thrombotic complications with aspirin therapy or resistance to aspirin is independent predictor of high coronary risk. There are controversial data about aspirin resistance incidence, which varies from 5 to 48%. Possible reasons for this are discussed: low compliance with treatment, peculiarities of functional condition of platelets, genetically given variability of platelet receptors etc. Different methods, based on estimation of platelets activity are proposed to assess the possibility of repeated thrombotic complications, caused by resistance to aspirin. Further researches including valid number of patients are needed to assess incidence of aspirin resistance and to reveal mechanisms of its development.

Estimation of cardiovascular risk is discussed. Serum lipoproteins, glucose, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, tissue-type plasminogen activator, C-reactive protein etc are offered for use as laboratory indicators. At the same time new markers of high cardiovascular risk are under development. D-dimer is a product of fibrin degradation and its plasma level reflects intensity of intravascular thrombosis and fibrinolysis. Plasma level of D-dimer as a tool for estimation of cardiovascular risk and pharmacotherapy efficacy is discussed.

Aim. To analyze current clinical practice in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in emergency care department of multidisciplinary hospital in 2008-2009. Material and methods. Retrospective continuous pharmacoepidemiology study was carried out. Hospital history sheets of the patients admitted to the emergency care department in the period from 01.01.2008 to 31.12.2009 were analyzed. Results. Physicians of emergency care department mainly chose strategy of sinus rhythm restoration and maintenance in patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF . To implement this strategy pharmacological cardioversion was performed in patients with stable hemodynamics. The most frequently used medicine for pharmacological cardioversion was procainamide (60% of all prescriptions). Its efficacy was about 50% as compared with this of 80% for amiodarone and propafenone. In order to maintain sinus rhythm monotherapy with beta-blockers or amiodarone was preferred. Conclusion. Overall, AF treatment corresponded to current guidelines. Physicians preferred strategy of sinus rhythm restoration and maintenance.

Aim. To evaluate the pre-hospital treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes (acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina) in 2001 and 2006.Material and methods. Retrospective pre-hospital treatment survey was performed in 1114 patients with acute coronary syndrome (acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or unstable angina (UA)) in 2001 and 2006.Results. For acute myocardial infarction use of aspirin, β-blockers, heparin was 0%, 0%, 81,5% in 2001 and 23,9%, 8%, 13,4% in 2006, respectively. Use of aspirin, β-blockers, heparin in unstable angina were 0%, 16,2%, 12,3% in 2001 and 3,4%, 1,6%, 0,5% in 2006, respectively. Fibrinolytic therapy was not provided. Polypragmasia reduced in 2006 in comparison with 2001.Conclusions. This survey demonstrates the discordance between existing current practice and guidelines for acute coronary syndrome.

Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, statins, and possibly , ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may influence the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), and can be used to prevent it. In recent medical literature, this approach is referred to as upstream treatment. The results of experiments and clinical studies show that the use of these drugs may be useful for AF primary prevention in certain categories of patients. Nevertheless, there are currently no sufficient evidences to justify these recommendations and apply them to a wider range of patients with AF risk factors. Thus, it is reasonable to continue studies on both primary and secondary AF prevention.

Aim. Тo evaluate compliance of ongoing antithrombotic therapy (ATT) in various forms of atrial fibrillation (AF) with the risk level of thromboembolic complications (TEC), calculated with the СHADS2 and CHA2DS2–VASc scales in real clinical practice. Material and methods. A retrospective study of hospital records of 308 in-patients admitted to the cardiology departments of two multidisciplinary hospitals during the year because of nonvalvular AF . Risk of thromboembolic complications was estimated with the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2–VASc scales and appointed ATT was analyzed. Results. Patients with high risk of TEC were predominated in the study population: 77.6% and 91.9% according to CHADS2 and CHA2DS2–VASc scales, respectively. Moderate risk was found in 17.6% and 6.1% of patients according to CHADS2 and CHA2DS2–VASc scales, respectively. Only 32.2% and 28.6% 28.6% of patients at high risk according to CHADS2 and CHA2DS2–VASc scales, respectively received warfarin in hospital. All patients with permanent AF in this sample had a high risk of TEC according to the both scales. In the group of paroxysmal/persistent AF the high, moderate and low risk of TEC was identified in 87%, 9.9%, and 3.1% of patients, respectively , according to CHA2DS2–VASc scale and in 64.25%, 28.5% and 7.5% of patients, respectively , according to CHADS2 scale. Difference in high-risk patient rate was not significant among patients with permanent AF . In high risk group contraindications for receiving indirect anticoagulants were more frequent in the group with permanent AF (OR 3.1; 95% CI 0.88–10.7; p>0,05). The probability of warfarin prescription in patients with permanent AF was higher than in patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1,18-3,31), and probability of aspirin prescription was lower (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0,51-1,32; p>0,05). Conclusion. In real clinical practice oral anticoagulants are prescribed insufficiently in patients at high risk. Usage of CHA2DS2–VASc scale compared with usage of CHADS2 scale, leads to significant increase in the proportion of patients at high risk due to reduction in the proportion of patients with moderate risk in persistent or permanent AF . Usage of CHADS2 scale can lead to an underestimation of the TEC risk in patients with persistent or permanent AF .

An experimental study aimed at the modeling of dolomite- and ankerite-involving decarbonation reactions, resulting in the CO2 fluid release and crystallization of Ca, Mg, Fe garnets, was carried out at a wide range of pressures and temperatures of the upper mantle. Experiments were performed using a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus of a “split-sphere” type, in CaMg(CO3)2-Al2O3-SiO2 and Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2-Al2O3-SiO2 systems (pressures of 3.0, 6.3 and 7.5 GPa, temperature range of 950–1550 °C, hematite buffered high-pressure cell). It was experimentally shown that decarbonation in the dolomite-bearing system occurred at 1100 ± 20 °C (3.0 GPa), 1320 ± 20 °C (6.3 GPa), and 1450 ± 20 °C (7.5 GPa). As demonstrated by mass spectrometry, the fluid composition was pure CO2. Composition of synthesized garnet was Prp83Grs17, with main Raman spectroscopic modes at 368–369, 559–562, and 912–920 cm−1. Decarbonation reactions in the ankerite-bearing system were realized at 1000 ± 20 °C (3.0 GPa), 1250 ± 20 °C (6.3 GPa), and 1400 ± 20 °C (7.5 GPa). As a result, the garnet of Grs25Alm40Prp35 composition with main Raman peaks at 349–350, 552, and 906–907 cm−1 was crystallized. It has been experimentally shown that, in the Earth’s mantle, dolomite and ankerite enter decarbonation reactions to form Ca, Mg, Fe garnet + CO2 assemblage at temperatures ~175–500 °C lower than CaCO3 does at constant pressures.

Aim. To analyze gender differences in pharmacotherapy and outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients of cardiology hospital in real clinical practice. Material and methods. A continuous pharmacoepidemiological analysis was performed on the base of 153 records of patients with STEMI (men 102, women 51), consecutively admitted to the emergency department of cardiology hospital in the period from October 2010 to April 2011.Results. Women were on average 10.6 years older than men, had significantly higher incidence of severe comorbid conditions and significantly fewer prescribed medications improving STEMI prognosis - thrombolytics (21% vs 50%; pConclusion. Older age, higher comorbidity rate, and lower treatment compliance with the current clinical recommendations in female STEMI patients in comparison with these in male STEMI patients contribute to higher hospital mortality and 12-month mortality after discharge in women with STEMI.

Aim. To analyze pharmacotherapy of cerebral infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in real clinical practice of neurological departments of Saratov hospitals.Material and methods. A retrospective longitudinal pharmacoepidemiologic study was carried out. Medical cards were analyzed in patients with cerebral infarction and atrial fibrillation treated in neurology departments from 01.01.2009 to 31.12.2011.Results. Acetylsalicylic acid was prescribed to 66.7% of patients, warfarin – 3.9%. At that target level of international normalised ratio was reached only in 40% of patients. It has been shown frequent (96%) prescriptions of metabolic, neuroprotective and vasoactive drugs with low level of efficacy evidence. Beta-blockers (in 39.3% of patients) and their combination with digoxin (18.7%) were prescribed for heart rate control.Conclusion. Generally, in real clinical practice doctor’s choice of pharmacotherapy of cerebral infarction in patients with AF is not exactly in line with contemporary guidelines. These patients are frequently prescribed drugs with low efficacy and level of evidence.

Aim. To study the association of plasma D-dimer levels and the risk of thrombotic events in patients hospitalised with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and methods. The study included 70 patients, aged 34-88 years, who were admitted to the Acute Coronary Care Unit with the ACS diagnosis.Results. During the follow-up period, thrombotic events were registered in 12 patients (17%). Three patients with myocardial infarction (MI) suffered recurrent MI. Nine patients were rehospitalised with the unstable angina (UA) diagnosis. All participants were divided into quartiles by the levels of D-dimer (25% percentile 136 ng/ml; median 1250 ng/ml; and 75% percentile 2930 ng/ml). High plasma levels of D-dimer (third quartile) were associated with a 1,5-fold increase in the risk of recurrent thrombotic events among ACS patients.Conclusion. In ACS patients, plasma D-dimer levels could be regarded as one of the additional risk factors of thrombotic events.

Aim. To assess the parameters of QT interval variability and time dynamics of T wave velocity characteristics in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Material and methods. In total, 116 patients with acute MI (mean age 54,9±8,5 years), who underwent urgent thrombolytic therapy (TLT) with alteplase and were admitted to the emergent cardiology department, were followed up. MI diagnosis was verified according to the recommendations by the Society of Cardiology of the Russian Federation (2007) and the criteria of the universal MI definition (2007). In all patients, an electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded for 5 minutes, with the assessment of the QT interval time variability, data processing, and creation of the first ECG derivative. Results. The first ECG derivative demonstrates two positive waves in the T wave area of the initial ECG. Waves T1 and T2 reflect smoothed modules of the initial T wave increase and decrease velocity, respectively. Therefore, in STEMI patients, the parameters of the time dynamics of T wave velocity could be assessed by the markers of time heterogeneity of myocardial repolarization. In anterior MI, compared to posterior MI, a significant increase in heart-rate adjusted QT interval dispersion (DQTec/VRV) was registered. In patients with effective vs. ineffective TLT, such parameters as variability range (VR (T2/T1)) and DQTec/VRV were significantly different. The first parameter reflects the time dynamics of wave T morphology, while the second characteristic denotes QT interval variability, adjusted for heart rate and the extent of sinus arrhythmia. Conclusion. The proposed parameters of QT interval time variability and time dynamics of wave T velocity characteristics could be used for the risk stratification in MI patients. This method is faster and less expensive than coronary angiography, as a standard visualization procedure.

Myocardial bridging (MB) is congenital abnormality of the coronary arteries, which typically does not interfere with long term prognosis, but in some cases can cause myocardial infarction and other life-threatening conditions. This article reviews current knowledge about the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical relevance, and treatment of MB and demonstrates a case of painless myocardial infarction in patients with MB of the left anterior descending artery.

Розглядається необхідність ретельної оцінки стану ниркового алотрансплантата на всіх стадіях його життя. При цьому робиться акцент на необхідності комплексного пiдходу до дiагностики із застосуванням неiнвазивних та iнвазивних методiв, що буде сприяти подовженню термiну функцiонування ниркового алотрансплантата.

Asymptotic giant branch stars are responsible for the production of most of the heavy isotopes beyond Sr observed in the solar system. Among them, isotopes shielded from the r-process contribution by their stable isobars are defined as s-only nuclei. For a long time the abundance of ^{204}Pb, the heaviest s-only isotope, has been a topic of debate because state-of-the-art stellar models appeared to systematically underestimate its solar abundance. Besides the impact of uncertainties from stellar models and galactic chemical evolution simulations, this discrepancy was further obscured by rather divergent theoretical estimates for the neutron capture cross section of its radioactive precursor in the neutron-capture flow, ^{204}Tl (t_{1/2}=3.78  yr), and by the lack of experimental data on this reaction. We present the first ever neutron capture measurement on ^{204}Tl, conducted at the CERN neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF, employing a sample of only 9 mg of ^{204}Tl produced at the Institute Laue Langevin high flux reactor. By complementing our new results with semiempirical calculations we obtained, at the s-process temperatures of kT≈8  keV and kT≈30  keV, Maxwellian-averaged cross sections (MACS) of 580(168) mb and 260(90) mb, respectively. These figures are about 3% lower and 20% higher than the corresponding values widely used in astrophysical calculations, which were based only on theoretical calculations. By using the new ^{204}Tl MACS, the uncertainty arising from the ^{204}Tl(n,γ) cross section on the s-process abundance of ^{204}Pb has been reduced from ∼30% down to +8%/-6%, and the s-process calculations are in agreement with the latest solar system abundance of ^{204}Pb reported by K. Lodders in 2021.

^{140}Ce(n,γ) is a key reaction for slow neutron-capture (s-process) nucleosynthesis due to being a bottleneck in the reaction flow. For this reason, it was measured with high accuracy (uncertainty ≈5%) at the n_TOF facility, with an unprecedented combination of a high purity sample and low neutron-sensitivity detectors. The measured Maxwellian averaged cross section is up to 40% higher than previously accepted values. Stellar model calculations indicate a reduction around 20% of the s-process contribution to the Galactic cerium abundance and smaller sizeable differences for most of the heavier elements. No variations are found in the nucleosynthesis from massive stars.