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This paper focuses on ancient settlements in the Luzhong region (the centre of Shandong Province) of China and analyses the spatial–temporal distribution and morphological characteristics of ancient settlements with the help of GIS technology and the perspectives of archaeology and cultural geography. Specifically, the 1972 settlements collected were used to establish a database of settlement site attributes. Then, the DEM data were superimposed with the settlement sites, and calculations of the kernel density, elevation, slope, aspect, and buffer zone were further carried out. The distribution and characteristics were refined based on quantitative and qualitative analyses. The study found that the Neolithic period, the Shang–Zhou period, and the Qin–Northern and Southern Dynasties were the three high points of settlement development. In these three periods, the centres of the large-scale distribution of settlements experienced changes from a “single centre” to a “continuous belt” to a “double centre’. In general, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the settlement distribution were continuously developed through time, while the spatial characteristics show that the main body continued to change locally. In different periods, settlements tended to be in the alluvial plains located between 20 and 60 m and with a slope of less than 6°. At the same time, they showed the obvious characteristic of living close to water. The past, present, and future are in the same chain of time; meanwhile, these settlements are the predecessors of today’s cities, towns, and villages. So, this study provides a basis for protecting their heritage value and provides a reference for the coordination of human–land relations, which can help achieve global sustainable development.

The paper analyzed the opportunities and challenges faced by the urban heritage protection of Dashilanr historical district based on the concept of the integrated conservation of the urban heritage of Beijing old city at present. Then, the paper put forward the protection of urban heritage to lead the revitalization of Dashilanr historical district, and then the paper analyzed the historical and cultural value carrier of the Dashilanr urban heritage. Finally, the paper proposed that integrated conservation of the Dashilanr urban heritage needed the protection method of historic urban landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investing in urban heritage sites is one of the streams of economic development in many developed and developing countries around the world. Urban heritage site(s) has been using to develop tourism for economic, social and cultural purposes, due to the strength of attracting built heritage sites to a large segment of tourists (individuals and groups). Heritage sites (urban, architectural, or even archaeology heritage sites) have become utilized for nations' developments through the promotion of tourism by setting them as a fundamental goal in tourism development strategies. This utilization contributes to developing the society in general, and local community and individuals in particular at many levels. Accordingly, a new term has been introduced to the intentional tourism industry which is "heritage tourism". It means the exploitation of heritage (in all its forms) for tourism purposes that contribute to the development of the economics of countries at all levels. This paper aims to draw attention to the significant role of "sustainable" investment in conserving the urban heritage to ensure its authenticity and originality, and then in developing the economies of countries and societies. This occurs through the use of investment to revitalize and develop heritage sites for tourism, cultural and social matters to conserve heritage sites in a manner that ensures their sustainability aligning with the current requirements. The paper conducted an analytical review to the literature on heritage conservation and analyzing different international, regional and local models of investment methods in urban heritage at different scales in terms of size and impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safeguarding the built heritage in the old town of Constantine faces many challenges. The predominance of ordinary inhabited heritage has implied particular practices of appropriation of space. Faced with the public approach to rehabilitation, based on institutionalization and professional expertise, the inhabitants carry out rehabilitation actions on their inhabited spaces, protected according to different methods. This article aims to study these self-rehabilitation practices in the old town of Constantine in order to determine their contribution to the preservation of heritage. These practices refer to heritage representations of different types. They translate modes of interaction of the inhabitants with the inhabited heritage space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a systematic literature review on urban heritage. It analyses (a) how urban heritage is conceptualized and interpreted in academic research, (b) urban heritage management modes. This literature review interprets urban heritage as a resource, collective memory, and space. It categorizes urban heritage management practice into six management modes according to stakeholders' collaboration levels: community-led, expert-coordinated, government-led, conflict-resolution, and privatization. These modes are analyzed based on different political regimes. The review observes five approaches to conceptualizing urban heritage: researching people's perspectives towards urban heritage, framing urban heritage, tracing the process of urban heritage forming, reviewing international policies and charters, and exploring the functions of urban heritage. Finally, for the future research agenda, the article recommends a focus on the following themes: the causal relations between factors and effects of adopting different urban heritage modes, researching community engagement and interactions between different levels of government, and analyzing conflict-resolution processes systematically. • Urban heritage is categorized into various types, interpreted in different contexts, and conceptualized with diverse approaches. • Urban heritage is the combination of the objects under protection and the platform for actors' interactions. • Urban heritage management can be synthesized as six modes: community-led, expert-coordinated, government-led, conflict-resolution, and privatization. These modes are not fixed but dynamically developing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Block no. 28 is one of the residential blocks in the central zone of the Belgrade's municipality of New Belgrade that is recognised and designated by institutions in charge of cultural heritage protection as the urban heritage. This paper provides an overview of the context, as well as certain socio-political, economic and professional impacts, and other factors significant for the urban concept of this block of flats. The paper analyses the idea behind the erection of Block no. 28 from the theoretical point of view and reviews possible relations with the principles of the Athens Charter. The author conducted a study of the solution that the design engineer Ilija Arnautović submitted to the competition, and provided a detailed presentation of urban indicators. As the special values of Block no. 28 compared to the other block of flats in the central zone of Novi Beograd, the author emphasises the construction techniques (prefabricated industrialised building systems) and its resulting impacts on the layout of buildings within the block. In addition, the block boasts a very successfully planned hard and soft landscaping. Block no. 28 is designed and constructed as a unique whole and is concurrently valued as both material and non-material heritage.

The heritage of Yogyakarta is always situated in a dynamic urban environment. Heritage conservation has been challenged by a lack of understanding on the ideological process in the creation of meanings. This paper investigates the creation process of urban space that is currently appreciated as heritage. The paper uses the city of Yogyakarta as the case study because its uniqueness as a mix of traditional and colonial cities. The study uses the concept of meaning production to understand the association between the construction of urban space and ideological meanings. This concept corresponds to the creation of urban objects and the recognition of meanings in the society. This study uses data sourced from a literature study. As the result, the process of meaning production has demonstrated social and political forces in the construction of traditional and colonial buildings. Situation in the past demonstrates urban space as a tool of political hegemony of traditional court and colonialist. A different social milieu in the present day changes the conflicting ideologies into history. Therefore, the urban structure expresses political strategies of relevant authorities in proclaiming hegemony and regulating society. This study provides a basis for investigating the influence of ideologies on the meaning of heritage that corresponds to cultural significant.

This article explores how reconstruction design can be used in urban heritage as an adaptive approach to creating a continuous cultural dynamic for urban regeneration. The case that is studied is the rebuilding project of the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing, well-known to westerners as a splendour of the East. The research strategy stems from the epistemological paradigm of interpretivism and relies mainly on qualitative research methods. The ethic of refashioning a past legacy is discussed by reviewing the relevant theories and documents. It is argued that the rationale for rebuilding heritage should be judged on a case-by-case basis. From the perspective of urban cultural regeneration, rebuilding can be an appropriate solution to reviving heritage within the bounds of authenticity. Respecting the delicate balance between historical significance and contemporary sustainability, urban heritage can sometimes best be served by modern reconstruction. This paper, therefore, identifies the modern Porcelain Tower as an urban landmark that distinguishes Nanjing among Chinese cities and satisfies the cultural demand for sustainable local urban regeneration. Whilst the modern pagoda is not historically inaccurate, its reconstruction was determined without public engagement in a way that emphasises the government’s view of its history and value.

Abstract The pace of urbanisation, with the increase in the number of metropolitan areas, has been paralleled with the heritage discourse of past generations that valorises monuments in isolation, and has pushed the appreciation of urban heritage to a grim corner in the face of development. Since the turn of the millennium there are international efforts to reverse this trend by placing culture and people-centred approaches into the heritage discourse in order to allow inclusive policies that see culture and cultural heritage as an asset and driving force for sustainable urban development. As one of such instruments, the UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, as an integrated management model, is considered in this article to have potentials to bridge existing divides to achieve sustainable urban development. With this belief, the paper looks into the future, with supporting arguments that come from discussions as a result of the WHITRAP International Expert Meeting on the Implementation of the HUL approach which took place in 2018, Shanghai, China.

Abstract International conventions, charters and recommendations tend to follow trends and are generally reactive to contemporary circumstances; the debates on urban heritage are no exception. These texts need to be read in the perspective of socio-economic and environmental considerations of their time together with their interdependence on other disciplines. The dramatic changes to our urban conurbations have included environmental degradation, the complexities of migrations and socio-economic transformations. Addressing these major concerns in managing urban heritage highlights the necessity for cross-disciplinarity in research and the need for adopting a more integrative attitude in the planning processes. Applying the General System Theory by the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy brings a systematic, holistic methodology from the realms of modern science into extending the historic centre and the city with a territorial approach of the metropolis allowing for sustainable and resilient rural and urban linkages. This article brings together seven contributions on issues affecting the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape The potential of the digital revolution is in the capacity of recognizing the speed and rapidity of change, and the mega-data available as affecting our lives and environment together with the role of history, tradition and continuity in linking the past to the future.

Abstract In 2015, the Study of Xi’an Historic Walled City Regeneration Strategy applied the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) Approach through experimenting and testing digital technologies following recommended action steps of HUL Approach. Within the context of urbanisation and heritage deterioration happened past decades in Chinese cities, this paper proposes an innovative HUL Information System that can be used to integrate the approach and technical support measures. This enables comprehensive identification of spatial–temporal relativity of urban landscape morphology, linking between the past and present. The use of spatial digital tools such as aerial photo modeling, geographic information system analysis, and space syntax is explored to trace the continuity of the historical landscape in the built environment. The research team uncovered the context of Xi’an’s cultural and historical landscape through historical literature and related studies over past decades, and summarised and obtained a spatial data set for the dominant historical landscape pattern of the walled city area. Compared with the existing spatial pattern identified by digital tools, the findings showed similarity with historical landscape patterns, including part of a fengshui landform, the 17th to 19th century water system, and an evolving community habitat. This could be explained by the literature and academic research, which demonstrates the influence of historic landscape system in urban evolution. This research aims to show the potential of the HUL Information System as a technical support for urban conservation in Chinese cities, particularly with regard to mapping resources, which is fundamental toward other relevant steps in the HUL approach.

Hisar District is located within the borders of Osmangazi County. Hisar has a rich historical and cultural heritage and is a valuable historic landscape which carries not only the physical and spatial traces of this heritage but also preserves social and cultural features. With these features, Hisar District should be conserved for a sustainable future. Bursa Metropolitan Municipality considered the Hisar (Citadel) District as an Ottoman and World Heritage site and a research team from Bursa Uludag University has been given the task of preparing a management plan as a project in order to achieve conservation of the site with a sustainable approach. Led by the author of this paper, Dr Çahantimur, Bursa Uludag University Project Team prepared the plan with a place-specific and participatory approach. This study presents both the significance of Hisar heritage site and the participatory process of the site management plan. It also presents a critical review of the actions undertaken by the municipality since then. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conservation of Cuban World Heritage cities is based on public initiatives geared towards the restoration of properties with recognized architectural value, while many other buildings maintain their original characteristics thanks to the investment of smaller touristic entrepreneurs. The aim of this article, following rigorous fieldwork, is the analysis of such interventions in Cienfuegos. To that end, the location and characteristics of these hostels have been contextualized according to stages of urban development and pre-revolutionary architectural typologies, all of which signals the unquestionable heritage value of the so-called Pearl of the South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of ESTOA: Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca is the property of ESTOA Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1949, a lumber executive and city alderman in Charleston, South Carolina, named Alfred O. Halsey produced a visually unique map of the Charleston peninsula. The map highlights the fluctuations and changes of the urban landscape through time and traces the contours of historic events in the city. Although his depiction is compelling, tapping into a dialectical understanding of the city landscape, there are distinct cultural forgettings and silences in the map particularly in terms of the city's long historical trajectory of racial inequality and systemic violence. The following discussion both unpacks Halsey's dialectical vision of the peninsula, and indicate a space where archaeology can intervene in the gaps and silences in an act of memory-work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of ESRI's ArcGIS Story Map application for heritage place-making in a small, diverse, deindustrialized urban neighborhood in Binghamton, New York. "Stories from North of Main" is a Story Map that weaves together the multiple meanings residents attach to neighborhood places by layering audio, images, and text to create stories of work, home, and community life, past and present. Story Maps make visible and legible the place attachments of newcomers and long-time residents in changing city neighborhoods. These place-based stories can offer an alternative to elite-driven heritage and counter the negative narratives attached to marginalized neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues associated with the urban identity of cities are particularly important in the context of historic holy cities, where the social and cultural changes of modernity have profound impacts on the urban transformation of traditional urban fabric and structure. This paper investigates trends of architectural design in the city of Karbala, one of the most important sacramental cities in Iraq as a site of two holy shrines (among other sites) for Shia Muslims. It first highlights urban identity in general and the urban identity in holy cities in particular, focusing on special characteristics of urban identity formation. Secondly, it explains the selection of the city of Karbala as a case study, due to its regional, social and historical role for Shias around the world. This study undertook original research by administering a questionnaire among local architects in Karbala, focused on the relationship between the architect as a designer and many concepts affecting the urban identity of the holy city. The methodology used to analyse the validity and consistency of the questionnaire was the Likert method. The research concludes that there is a weakness in the designer communication with the urban heritage of the holy city of Karbala in particular, and with Iraqi culture in general. Also, designers believe that the legacy is unable to fulfil contemporary requirements, as the process of communication between past and present is limited by only copying the elements and architectural forms from the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ZARCH: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Architecture & Urbanism is the property of Universidad de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The historical geoportal of Lublin created by the "Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre" Centre is probably the first thematic portal using object-oriented spatiotemporal databases for presenting historical data in Poland. Authors discuss the theoretical and methodical basis of historical GIS system function and present the example of executed implementation – the interactive map of the non-existent Jewish district 'Podzamcze' in Lublin (www.teatrnn.pl/miejsca/mapa/lublin-podzamcze-czwartek). The application gives access to archival collection of documents as well as to the catalogue of events, places and people connected with the former Jewish district. Integration of genealogical databases, gazetteers, old maps/city plans and collections of archival documents with API Google Maps allows to discover the city independently and comparing historical events in historically accurate space along with the present one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary urban development takes place mainly in already built areas. The article's objective is to examine how towns on the outskirts of large cities can use and revitalise green areas and the urban heritage of garden cities to contribute to filling the societal demand for building sustainable cities. Lillestrøm, a former garden city on the outskirts of Oslo, Norway's capital, is used as the starting point to discuss how learning from the past can provide a foundation for developing new solutions. The case study was carried out as a DIVE analysis by using qualitative methods to describe the town's cultural environments, their characteristics, and heritage assets. The analysis is supplemented with practical advice. Local planners need convincing arguments to promote urban heritage and green infrastructure as resources in sustainable urban development in a time of accelerating densification and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates feature ultra-modern cities with millions of residents that developed in opposition to the physical patterns of traditional historical settlements. In the past years, however, there has been a renewed attention to urban heritage and two metropolises, Jeddah and Dubai, have decided to aim for World Heritage status and to leverage historic city centres as engines of economic development and tools for the reinforcement of national identity. In Dubai, the conservation and reconstruction of historic neighbourhoods gives residents an urban historic depth previously unrecognised, favouring the integration of different ethnic communities while contributing to the tourist development of the Emirate. In Jeddah, the preservation and revitalisation of the historic centre is part of a larger strategy focusing on the reinforcement of the private sector to trigger new urban dynamics building upon its rich heritage. Recent strategies and plans are briefly discussed, underlining the specificities of the Arabian Peninsula context and its complex and evolving relationship with history and heritage. It is argued that the nominations for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List have been a catalyser for the definition of new planning and conservation policies integrating urban heritage into urban development strategies.

The rescue of the issue of patrimony in its cultural confinement has been conducted according to patterns of European cities. These pattern sare difficult to apply in other situations; therefore it is important to confront them with the various society transformation processes and its substrate material. The transformation of Guadalajara’s Downtown in the mid-twentieth century represent the virtual elimination of urban heritage of the city, which is a very different example of radical reshaping functional and social space- This is induced by the new regime of accumulation deployed at that time which allows consideration on the meaning of another context, alternatives and opportunities to introduce the heritage dimension in the evolution of the city.

This study sought to uncover (1) the disagreement of spatial conflict between urban heritage and surrounding urban structure using two case studies from Korea—the main gate of the royal palace (Gwanghwamun) and the urban park containing celebrity graves (Hyoch’ang Park)—and (2) whether digital heritage restoration may mediate spatial conflict. A historical literature review and field surveys were conducted, with three main findings. First, the place identity of Gwanghwamun and Hyoch’ang Park, rooted in the Josŏn Dynasty, was seriously damaged during the Japanese colonial period. Although there were national attempts to recover the place identities of these sites during the modern period, limitations existed. Second, the restoration of Gwanghwamun’s Wŏltae (podium) and the relocation of Ŭiyŏlsa (the shrine of Hyoch’ang Park), which involved spatial transformation based on heritage, emerged in conflict with their surrounding urban structures—we identify a spatial conflict between local residents and stakeholders’ memories and the histories of these sites. Third, Donŭimun (the west gate of the city wall of the Josŏn Dynasty) digital restoration is a case mediating the conflict by restoring a sense of place in a virtual space and activating the cultural memory of the public by showcasing properties.

This review examines current discussions from the cross-section study between urban heritage conservation and urban facility management fields in the academic literature from 2011–2020. The purpose is to identify the gaps within the examined papers to reveal the challenges and opportunities in the combined fields using the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)’s recommendation of the historic urban landscape (HUL) approach. The scoping review procedure was followed. The six critical steps and four supporting tools of the HUL approach were used to analyze the examined papers. Most aspects of urban heritage management within the body of literature were directly related to urban-scale facility management. The potential usage of building information modelling became one of the most discussed technological aspects. The expansion of the public–private partnership model into the public–private–people partnership is considered as a new potential business model. At the same time, the adaptive reuse approach is deemed to be the most sustainable method of managing heritage areas. This scoping review identified the financial tools as the most under-researched urban heritage facility management component. Therefore, it needs to be endorsed among the scientific communities to improve the knowledge and provide operable guidelines for the authorities and practitioners in the urban heritage field.

The use of the city as a didactic resource is not a new topic; the city is a framework of relationships and contacts between its inhabitants, which allows us to talk about an informal learning space (the everyday, living in the city) and an intentionally organized and structured formal learning that is developed according to different programmes or projects (both government or civil society). The work that is presented consists in the development of strategies that from the educational field (integrating teachers and students from different disciplines, especially Architecture) bring the citizen to their city, especially children and young people, where understand the importance of cultural, environmental, artistic and historical assessment of its urban environment; while fostering respect for all citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Araraquara in southeastern Brazil is unique regarding its paleontological record. Flagstones have been quarried from eolianites (Botucatu Formation, Lower Cretaceous) since the beginning of the twentieth century and used to pave and cover public and private spaces of the city. As a consequence, fossil tracks and traces (ichnofossils) of invertebrates, early mammals, and dinosaurs are widely distributed in the flagstones that pave the sidewalks of the city, right under the feet of Araraquara's inhabitants. In this paper we aimed to characterize this unique fossil record, focusing on the main trace morphotypes and their conservation. In a survey conducted in 2007–2008, 585 trace fossil-bearing flagstones were identified across Araraquara, much of which are moderately to poorly preserved. Nevertheless, optimally preserved (elite) traces of very high scientific potential were also recorded. The present study also includes a history of investigations conducted regarding these materials and discusses different aspects, difficulties, and peculiarities of conservation efforts towards this urban paleontological heritage, including some recently achieved goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper addresses meanings produced and attributed to a public space of the city of Canoas, RS, popularly referred to as "Praça do Avião" or Aviation Square, a reference not just for the city and its people, but also for the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. It is based on the research titled "Pedagogias culturais, representações e identidades: a Praça do Avião, patrimônio cultural imaterial de Canoas, RS" (Schutz, 2019). In the last one hundred years, inhabitants, citizens, outsiders, politicians, the military, governments, the press and organized civilian social movements have given multiple meanings and representations to this square, making it evident that it is in no way stable or immutable, but under an ongoing permanent and dynamic transformation and, becoming a territory of conflict. Methodologically, an analysis from the field of Cultural Studies was applied, taking as artifacts, documents and images from collections in local archives, libraries and public organizations, publications in both digital and analog media, in addition to on-site observations. The militarization process of the urban space of Canoas was a key element in the historical narrative, built through marked interventions by the Brazilian air force, Força Aérea Brasileira (FAB), with Praça do Avião as its symbolic epicenter, especially during the second half of the 20th century, with far-reaching consequences until contemporary times. The analysis focuses on the explanation of the circulation and negotiation of representations and recurring identities, associated with this immaterial cultural heritage, and its role in the context of pedagogies linked to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research presented in this paper introduces a qualitative approach for the representation of urban sound scapes. The approach combines a series of in situ psychoacoustics measurements recorded with different sensors with a qualitative evaluation derived from human beings acting in these urban environments. The experiments realized in the city of Sidi Bou Saïd illustrate the potential of the combination of the quantitative and qualitative views, as well as demonstration of the feasibility of the whole approach when experimented in a real urban environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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