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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with tomato peels (TP) and rosehip meal (RM) on their phytochemicals transfer to the egg, the antioxidant profile and the markers of lipid peroxidation in stored eggs. The experiment was conducted on 42-week-old TETRA SL laying hens, which were assigned to three dietary treatments with 30 birds each: the Control group (CON) received a corn-soybean diet containing 6% flaxseed meal without any by-product addition. Groups TP and RM received Diet CON with additionally 2% TP and 2% RM, respectively. Average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and laying percentage were not significantly changed by the dietary treatments. Compared to the other groups, the inclusion of dietary TP led to a significant increase in egg weight (p < 0.05) and vitamin E content in eggs (p < 0.05). The dietary inclusion of RM generated a higher vitamin A content in eggs compared to Groups CON and TP (p < 0.10). After 40 d of storage, in Groups CON, TP and RM the vitamin E contents of eggs deceased by 10.1%, 14.2% and 13.3%, respectively, whereas the reduction of the lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in eggs was more pronounced (by 24.8%, 21.8% and 25.5%, respectively). For the most primary as well as for secondary oxidation products, storage time had a significant influence (p < 0.05) on the degradation process of the eggs. After 40 d of storage, the most distinct reduction in the formation rate of secondary oxidation products was observed in Group RM (by more than 30%), while the reduction for Group TP amounted from 15% to 25%, when compared with Group CON. Therefore, the results of the present study showed a significantly positive effect of RM in retarding the lipid peroxidation process during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our experiment we studied the effect of dietary orange peel (OP) and grapefruit peel (GP) on broilers health and thigh meat quality. The experiment was conducted on 126 Cobb 500 broiler chicks, assigned to three dietary treatments with 42 broilers per group. Each treatment was conducted in 3 experimental growth boxes, corresponding to 6 replicate pens per treatment and 7 broilers per pen. The growth boxes had identical size with a capacity of 3.5 m2 per box. Experimental dietary treatments differed from control diet (C) by addition of 2% OP or 2% GP supplement. A significant increase in body weight was exhibited in OP group compared to GP group (p <.05). Serum energetic profile (glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride) were lowered in both OP and GP supplemented groups compared to C birds (p <.05). Among fatty acids in thigh meat, OP group has increased the sum of PUFA compared to GP group. Dietary OP and GP have effectively reduced the oxidation process occurring during storage measured by the thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS) values in thigh meat. Therefore, lipid oxidation was delayed by incorporating the two citrus peels in broiler diet. Monitoring the antimicrobial effect of OP and GP on intestinal and caecal microbiota population, the supplements reduced the growth of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp., proving their antimicrobial effect, while the beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillus spp. was significantly improved. The use of vegetable residues in the animal diets is an important economic and environmental factor. The positive effects were observed on thigh meat lipid oxidation, serum energetic profile and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. Citrus peel in broilers feeding can act as natural antioxidant and feed additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was planned to test the effects of 2 protein-oil rich ingredients which replaced an important part of classical soybean meal, on nitrogen (N) metabolism indicators. Simultaneous we aimed to assess performances, enteric methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted through manure. A balance test was conducted with 15 barrows, 36 ± 0.24 Kg initial body weight, assigned in three groups in metabolism cages: 1. SC diet based on a classical diet (soybean meal, 13%); 2. SP diet based on peas Tudor variety 16% that replace 49% of SM; 3. SPF diet containing 8% soybean meal, 12% peas and 4% linseed Lirina variety. Faecal and urine were quantitatively collected in two balance periods. A semiautomatic Kjeldahl method was used for assessing the N. The Spotchem EZ SP-4430 was used for determining plasma protein and urea nitrogen (BUN). The regression equations were used to determine N metabolism indicators, CO2 emitted and enteric CH4. An increase of 1.16 times of feed intake was noticed in the SP group compared to SC. The lipid intake was slightly higher in the SP fed group which contributed to an increase of energy intake compared to SC group (>1.17 times) and vs SPL fed group (>1.2 times). The average daily gain (ADG) decreased highly significant in the SP diet compared to the SC diet. Linseed adds in SPL diet contributed to obtaining performances closed to SC group. SP diets increased the N level slightly in faeces and urine. BUN concentration has a linear relation with urinary N. CO2 emitted represent 28-32% of CO2 exhalation. CO2 increased in the SP diet (P<0.10) due to the fact that HP value increased as well. No significant influence was noticed for CH4 estimated value, although a slight increase was observed in the SP diet. In conclusion, although certain N metabolism indicator was affected by peas diet, only a little part was significantly modified. An oil-rich ingredient such as linseed could successfully complement peas by diminishing its adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to characterize sea buckthorn meal (SBTM) and to assess his effect in the diet of hea t- stressed broiler (32˚C). A total of 60 Cobb 500 broiler chicks were assigned in two groups (C, E) which included in the diet corn and soybean meal as main ingredients. Compared with the C diet, the experimental diet (E diet) included the addition of 1% of SBTM. Samples of SBTM (purchased from a local producer) and samples of compound feed were analysed for their proximate composition, minerals, vitamin E and antioxidant activity. A 5-day balance sheet study was conducted on broilers in the grower stage (week 4) and in the finisher stage (week 6). Performance parameters (0-42 days) were recorded. Results showed that SBTM had an important concentration of polyphenols (11.65 mg/g GAE), lutein and zeaxanthin (91.80 mg/kg), expressing a high antioxidant capacity (99.84 mM ascorbic acid equivalent, 92.1 mM vitamin E equivalent). Dietary SBTM is a valuable by-product which can be used in broiler diet without negatively affecting the coefficients of apparent absorption of nutrients and performance, even in heat stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluates the effect of dietary ascorbic acid and chromium (AACr) on performance and microflora balance of broiler reared under thermoneutral conditions (TN) vs. high heat stress (HS). Two experiments were conducted on 112 Cobb 500 broilers, assigned in two experimental groups (28 chickens/group) and housed in an environmental controlled hall. Two groups (C-TN and AACr-TN) were kept in thermoneutral conditions. In the second experiment, other two groups were kept (C-HS and AACr-HS) in high heat stress (32° C). The structure of diets was the same in both experiments. Compared with the control diet (C), the experimental diet included the addition of a premix with 25 g ascorbic acid / kg premix + 20 mg chromium picolinate/ kg premix (AACr). At the end of the experiment, 8 broilers / group were slaughtered and samples of intestinal and caecal content were collected for bacteriological assessment. Dietary AACr did not affect (p>0.05) body weight, daily feed intake, feed conversion rate neither under TN nor under HS condition. The use of AACr in broiler diet led to a significantly reduction of staphylococci in the caecum. Both in caecum and intestinal content of AACr broilers, irrespective the temperature conditions the number of lactobacilli was significantly higher than in the C broilers. Combination of ascorbic acid and Cr (AACr) has a positive effect in limiting the development of the pathogenic bacteria colonizing the intestine and caecum during the heat stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis) and red grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) are fruits consumed frequently in the world, being part of the human diet for decades due to high nutritional and medicinal values. These are excellent sources of vitamin C, a powerful natural antioxidant that builds the body's immune system. Their consumption (natural or processed) generates more quantities of shells and wastes that cause pollution of the environment under incorrect handling conditions. The study was conducted to analyze the potential of orange and grapefruit peels, from a chemical point of view, to determine the nutritional value for inclusion in broiler feed. The orange peels were characterized by a 5.42% crude protein and 1.04% crude fat vs. 5.78% and 0.80% grapefruit. The total content of polyphenols (mg acid galic /g) determined was higher with 36.01% in grapefruit peels compared to those of oranges. Antioxidant capacity was determined by two in vitro methods. The grapefruit peels were characterized by a high antioxidant capacity (288.49 mmol /kg equivalent ascorbic acid) with 51.39% higher than the values of the orange peels, in the first method. For the second method, the determined antioxidant capacity was with 61.20% higher than the orange peels (95.46 mmol/ kg equivalent vitamin E). Based on these results, the analyzed byproducts fulfill the necessary conditions to be integrated into the animal feed, and they will be tested in an experiment on broiler chickens in order to improve the nutritional quality of the meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper challenges the view, rooted in the argument that groups lack a mind in the Davidsonian sense, that collective responsibility may be assessed mainly according to pragmatic criteria. I argue in favour of a kind of mental web of holistic collective attitudes and mindsets in the weak sense. I further connect this mental web to the dimension of collective responsibility via a reflection involving the existentialist dimension of Jaspers' dilemma of seeing individuals in the position of having to embrace not only those aspects of the collective identity that make them proud, but also those for which they feel guilt. My argument is also inspired by Sartre's view of a task reflected in die individual mind by the group as a special kind of subjectivity living 'for' and 'through' individuals. I illustrate my argument with the 2018 controversies surrounding the approach of Poland's political leaders to die Polish continuity of collective identity and collective responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of a collective conscience of a new epoch, the Anthropocene, has brought to the fore scientists' predictions of irreversible damage done to the Earth's ecosystems within barely a decade. The passive attitude worldwide of placing the task of overcoming the evil consequences of human activity on specialized forums (e.g., national governments and international organizations) has already proved to be insufficient. In this context, Hamilton seeks to continue Becker's project of laying down the foundations of an "anthropodicy," seen as a humanistic science meant to bring a participatory dimension to the humanity's dealing with the degradation of the conditions of civilized life on Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poultry meat is a valuable source of nutrients and the enrichment with health-promoting substances such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) is an important factor for consumers' choice. Camelina meal (Camelina sativa) is an animal feedstuff used to achieve this goal, but the administration of n-3 PUFA-enriched diets in broiler nutrition can accelerate the oxidative processes in meat leading to a decreased quality of final product. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the organic Cr as chromium picolinate (CrPic) on meat quality, fatty acid profile of fat and oxidative stability of meat from broilers fed supplemented dietary Camelina meal. An experiment was conducted on 240 Ross 308 broiler chicken aged 14 days which were assigned to 6 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Within the treatment arrangement two concentrations of Camelina meal (0% and 3%) and three concentrations of Cr3+ (0, 200 and 400 μg/kg) were used. Dietary treatments were: (1) Control diet (C) containing a corn–soybean diet with no added Camelina meal or Cr3+; (2) a C diet containing an additional 200 μg/kg of Cr3+ as CrPic; (3) a C diet containing an additional 400 μg/kg of Cr3+ as CrPic; (4) a C diet containing an additional 3% Camelina meal; (5) diet 2 containing an additional 3% Camelina meal; (6) diet 3 containing an additional 3% Camelina meal. Chromium supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased the CP concentrations and significantly (P<0.05) decreased the crude fat concentrations in breast samples. The Camelina meal groups presented higher values of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly n-3 fatty acids (P<0.05). In CrPic groups, increased retention of Zn and Fe (P < 0.05) was observed in breast samples, compared to control group, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values were significantly (P<0.05) smaller. Myoglobin fraction (metmyoglobin and oximyoglobin) concentrations differ significantly (P<0.05) from the control group, under the influence of Cr3+ supplements. This study found that broilers fed with CrPic supplements showed improved mineral composition and oxidative stability of breast meat, proving an effective protection of lipid molecules from oxidation in PUFA-enriched meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article connects the debates surrounding the problem of dirty hands with those regarding collective responsibility, mainly via René Girard's scapegoat mechanism and his view on mimetic violence. By virtue of the distinction between group intentions and individual pre‐reflective intentions, the article will explore the notion that groups are morally responsible for acts accomplished with dirty hands, and whether individual participants in group actions are also responsible. Moreover, the article introduces a reflection on the collective shame of a larger community for what only a small group has done in its name. In a religious framework of thought, both the idea of a limited individual responsibility and that of collective guilt are valuable for furthering the dialogue on religious reconciliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article brings into focus a series of political arguments of Stanley Hauerwas's "theological politics" and argues that these arguments are in stark contrast with the theoretical perspective of a political rule by a god-like Leviathan, an image inherited in modern and contemporary political culture from the early modern English philosopher Thomas Hobbes. The first section focuses on Hauerwas's arguments regarding the political potential of the term "Catholicity" to represent an alternative to the coercive politics reinforced by the post-Enlightenment nation state. The second section proposes a reflection on the way the Church's Catholicity may be expressed politically without falling into the temptation of involving the Leviathan to sort out the issues generated by its diversity. The concluding section illustrates how Hauerwas uses his approach of a universal unity of Christians "without Leviathan" in his exhortation addressed to American Christians to say "no" to Donald Trump's version of communal unity that is rather based on "total allegiance" to the United States and on "repressive politics". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of synbiotic and organic acids supplements, in the presence of chelated Zn, on digestibility of major nutrients of diets. The trial was conducted on 150 Ross chicks aged 2 days, assigned to 5 experimental groups, with 30 chicks/group. The birds were housed in metabolic cages (6 chicks/cage] in the poultry experimental hall of the Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology within IBNA Balotesti. The experimental diets (E1-E4] differed from the control diet (C] (conventional diet] by the replacement of the inorganic Zn with an organic source (chelated Zn]. On top of that, group E2 received 1% synbiotic supplement, group E3 received 0.15% organic acids supplement, while group E4 received a mixture of 1% synbiotic and 0.15% organic acids. During the final week of the experiment, for 5 days per week, the amount of given feed, the feed leftovers and the droppings were recorded with accuracy for each individual cage, as data for the nutrients balance. No significant differences were noticed for Cu, Fe, Mn digestibility parameters, but increasing values of absorption coefficients for Zn were noticed under organic source influence (absorption: 20.72% for C and 27.60% for El, 29.21% for E2, 30.41% for E3, 30.46% for E4 respectively]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a mixture of dehydrated fruits (bilberry, blackcurrant, quince,) and essential oils (Bitter fenel fruit oil, Peppermint oil) on nutrients apparent digestibility coefficients on weaned piglets. A 4-week study on 8 piglets (18.69 ± 1.25 kg), male, castrated, half brothers, TOPIGS hybrid, randomly assigned in two groups (C and E). The piglets were housed in individual digestibility cages that allowed daily recording of ingesta and excretion, placed in a controlled microclimate hall (temperature of 22.9 ± 1.00 ° C, humidity 43.9% ± 3.37%). Both groups received diets with the same basic structure (corn, soybean meal - ME 3214 kcal/kg of feed and 18.00% CP). The diet of E group was supplemented daily with 1.65g mixture of fruits. During the experimental period, in the fourth week, a balance (5 days) was carried out to determine the apparent absorption coefficients of the nutrients. The balance parameters determined for protein, fat, ash and non nitrogen extractives substances decreased for experimental group, but the differences were not significant between groups. The same tendency was for digestibility of the amino acids, the differences being not statistically supported. The absorption coefficients of E group, for Cu, Mn, Zn decreased significantly compared to the C group. In conclusion the mixture of fruits does not improve the digestibility of nutrients, other benefits remaining to be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]