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Goligher, Ewan C, Bradbury, Charlotte A, McVerry, Bryan J, Lawler, Patrick R, Berger, Jeffrey S, Gong, Michelle N, Carrier, Marc, Reynolds, Harmony R, Kumar, Anand, Turgeon, Alexis F, Kornblith, Lucy Z, Kahn, Susan R, Marshall, John C, Kim, Keri S, Houston, Brett L, Derde, Lennie PG, Cushman, Mary, Tritschler, Tobias, Angus, Derek C, Godoy, Lucas C, McQuilten, Zoe, Kirwan, Bridget-Anne, Farkouh, Michael E, Brooks, Maria M, Lewis, Roger J, Berry, Lindsay R, Lorenzi, Elizabeth, Gordon, Anthony C, Berry, Scott M, McArthur, Colin J, Neal, Matthew D, Hochman, Judith S, Webb, Steven A, Zarychanski, Ryan, Ahuja, Tania, Al-Beidh, Farah, Annane, Djillali, Arabi, Yaseen M, Aryal, Diptesh, Kreuziger, Lisa Baumann, Beane, Abi, Bhimani, Zahra, Bihari, Shailesh, Billett, Henny H, Bond, Lindsay, Bonten, Marc, Brunkhorst, Frank, Buxton, Meredith, Buzgau, Adrian, Castellucci, Lana A, Chekuri, Sweta, Chen, Jen-Ting, Cheng, Allen C, Chkhikvadze, Tamta, Coiffard, Benjamin, Contreras, Aira, Costantini, Todd W, de Brouwer, Sophie, Detry, Michelle A, Duggal, Abhijit, Dzavik, Vladimir, Effron, Mark B, Eng, Heather F, Escobedo, Jorge, Estcourt, Lise J, Everett, Brendan M, Fergusson, Dean A, Fitzgerald, Mark, Fowler, Robert A, Froess, Joshua D, Fu, Zhuxuan, Galanaud, Jean P, Galen, Benjamin T, Gandotra, Sheetal, Girard, Timothy D, Goodman, Andrew L, Goossens, Herman, Green, Cameron, Greenstein, Yonatan Y, Gross, Peter L, Haniffa, Rashan, Hegde, Sheila M, Hendrickson, Carolyn M, Higgins, Alisa M, Hindenburg, Alexander A, Hope, Aluko A, Horowitz, James M, Horvat, Christopher M, Huang, David T, Hudock, Kristin, Hunt, Beverley J, Husain, Mansoor, Hyzy, Robert C, Jacobson, Jeffrey R, Jayakumar, Devachandran, Keller, Norma M, Khan, Akram, Kim, Yuri, Kindzelski, Andrei, King, Andrew J, Kornblith, Aaron E, Kutcher, Matthew E, Laffan, Michael A, Lamontagne, Francois, Le Gal, Gregoire, Leeper, Christine M, Leifer, Eric S, Lim, George, Lima, Felipe Gallego, Linstrum, Kelsey, Litton, Edward, Lopez-Sendon, Jose, Lother, Sylvain A, Marten, Nicole, Marinez, Andrea Saud, Martinez, Mary, Garcia, Eduardo Mateos, Mavromichalis, Stavroula, McAuley, Daniel F, McDonald, Emily G, McGlothlin, Anna, McGuinness, Shay P, Middeldorp, Saskia, Montgomery, Stephanie K, Mouncey, Paul R, Murthy, Srinivas, Nair, Girish B, Nair, Rahul, Nichol, Alistair D, Nicolau, Jose C, Nunez-Garcia, Brenda, Park, John J, Park, Pauline K, Parke, Rachael L, Parker, Jane C, Parnia, Sam, Paul, Jonathan D, Pompilio, Mauricio, Quigley, John G, Rosenson, Robert S, Rost, Natalia S, Rowan, Kathryn, Santos, Fernanda O, Santos, Marlene, Santos, Mayler O, Satterwhite, Lewis, Saunders, Christina T, Schreiber, Jake, Schutgens, Roger EG, Seymour, Christopher W, Siegal, Deborah M, Silva, Delcio G, Singhal, Aneesh B, Slutsky, Arthur S, Solvason, Dayna, Turner, Anne M, Van Bentum-Puijk, Wilma, van de Veerdonk, Frank L, van Diepen, Sean, Vazquez-Grande, Gloria, Wahid, Lana, Wareham, Vanessa, Widmer, R Jay, Wilson, Jennifer G, Yuriditsky, Eugene, Zhong, Yongqi, Investigators, REMAP-CAP, Investigators, ACTIV-4a, Investigators, ATTACC, NIHR, National Institute for Health Research, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institutes of Health, NIH: 1OT2HL156812-01, AR7-162822, OTA-20-011, RP-2015-06-18, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI, Amgen, CancerCare Manitoba Foundation, CCMF, University of Manitoba, UM, Health Research Board, HRB: CTN 2014-012, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, CIHR: 158584, 447335, COVID-19, National Institute for Health Research, NIHR, European Commission, EC: 602525, FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION, National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC: APP1101719, APP1116530, Health Research Council of New Zealand, HRC: 16/631, Eisai, Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé: PHRC-20-0147, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC, Horizon 2020: 101003589, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC, Minderoo Foundation, REMAP-CAP was supported by the European Union through FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION: the Platform for European Preparedness Against (Re-)emerging Epidemics (PREPARE) consortium (grant 602525) and the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program: the Rapid European Covid-19 Emergency Research response (RECOVER) consortium (grant 101003589) and by grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1101719 and APP1116530), the Health Research Council of New Zealand (16/631), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Innovative Clinical Trials Program Grant 158584 and COVID-19 Rapid Research Operating Grant 447335), the U.K. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, the Health Research Board of Ireland (CTN 2014-012), the UPMC Learning While Doing Program, the Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium, the French Ministry of Health (PHRC-20-0147), the Minderoo Foundation, Amgen, Eisai, the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, and the Wellcome Trust Innovations Project (215522). The ATTACC platform was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, LifeArc, Thistledown Foundation, Research Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba Foundation, Victoria General Hospital Foundation, Ontario Ministry of Health, and the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre. The ACTIV-4a platform was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and administered through OTA-20-011 and was supported in part by NIH agreement 1OT2HL156812-01. Dr. Goligher is the recipient of an Early Career Investigator award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant AR7-162822). Dr. Gordon is funded by an NIHR Research Professorship (RP-2015-06-18). Dr. Turgeon is funded by a Canada Research Chair-Tier 2. Dr. Zarychanski is the recipient of the Lyonel G. Israels Research Chair in Hematology (University of Manitoba)., Vascular Medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, Investigators, REMAP-CAP, Investigators, ACTIV-4a, Investigators, ATTACC, REMAP-CAP Investigators, ACTIV-4a Investigators, and ATTACC Investigators

Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP Investigators, Estcourt, Lise J, Turgeon, Alexis F, McQuilten, Zoe K, McVerry, Bryan J, Al-Beidh, Farah, Annane, Djillali, Arabi, Yaseen M, Arnold, Donald M, Beane, Abigail, Bégin, Philippe, van Bentum-Puijk, Wilma, Berry, Lindsay R, Bhimani, Zahra, Birchall, Janet E, Bonten, Marc JM, Bradbury, Charlotte A, Brunkhorst, Frank M, Buxton, Meredith, Callum, Jeannie L, Chassé, Michaël, Cheng, Allen C, Cove, Matthew E, Daly, James, Derde, Lennie, Detry, Michelle A, De Jong, Menno, Evans, Amy, Fergusson, Dean A, Fish, Matthew, Fitzgerald, Mark, Foley, Claire, Goossens, Herman, Gordon, Anthony C, Gosbell, Iain B, Green, Cameron, Haniffa, Rashan, Harvala, Heli, Higgins, Alisa M, Hills, Thomas E, Hoad, Veronica C, Horvat, Christopher, Huang, David T, Hudson, Cara L, Ichihara, Nao, Laing, Emma, Lamikanra, Abigail A, Lamontagne, François, Lawler, Patrick R, Linstrum, Kelsey, Litton, Edward, Lorenzi, Elizabeth, MacLennan, Sheila, Marshall, John, McAuley, Daniel F, McDyer, John F, McGlothlin, Anna, McGuinness, Shay, Miflin, Gail, Montgomery, Stephanie, Mouncey, Paul R, Murthy, Srinivas, Nichol, Alistair, Parke, Rachael, Parker, Jane C, Priddee, Nicole, Purcell, Damian FJ, Reyes, Luis F, Richardson, Peter, Robitaille, Nancy, Rowan, Kathryn M, Rynne, Jennifer, Saito, Hiroki, Santos, Marlene, Saunders, Christina T, Serpa Neto, Ary, Seymour, Christopher W, Silversides, Jon A, Tinmouth, Alan A, Triulzi, Darrell J, Turner, Anne M, van de Veerdonk, Frank, Walsh, Timothy S, Wood, Erica M, Berry, Scott, Lewis, Roger J, Menon, David K, McArthur, Colin, Zarychanski, Ryan, Angus, Derek C, Webb, Steve A, Roberts, David J, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Menon, David [0000-0002-3228-9692], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Investigators, Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP, Writing Comm REMAP-CAP Investigators, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institutes of Health, NIH, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, Pittsburgh Foundation, Breast Cancer Research Foundation, BCRF, Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK, Medtronic, Baxter International, Manitoba Medical Service Foundation, MMSF, CancerCare Manitoba Foundation, CCMF, Wellcome Trust, WT, University of Manitoba, UM, Health Research Board, HRB: PHRC-20-0147, National Blood Authority, NBA, Llywodraeth Cymru, Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium, TBCRC, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, IRSC: 158584, CTN 2014-012, Medical Research Council, MRC, National Institute for Health Research, NIHR, Department of Health and Social Care, DH, European Commission, EC: APP194811, National Heart and Lung Institute, NHLI, National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC: 2015-06-18, 2016-16-011, APP1101719, APP2002132, Health Research Council of New Zealand, HRC: 16/631, 447335, Monash University, MU, Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé: 215522, Seventh Framework Programme, FP7, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC, Innovate UK, Horizon 2020, Pharmaceuticals Bayer, Minderoo Foundation, Dr Fitzgerald reported receiving grants from the PREPARE Network and the European Commission. Dr Gordon reported receiving grants from the National Institute for Health Research and receiving personal fees from 30 Respiratory, GlaxoSmithKline, and Bristol Myers Squibb. Dr Gosbell reported receiving grants from the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, which is funded by the Australian government. Dr Haniffa reported receiving grants from the Wellcome Trust Innovations Project, the Minderoo Foundation, and the UK Research and Innovation African Critical Care Registry Network. Dr Higgins reported receiving grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council, the Minderoo Foundation, and the National Blood Authority. Dr Hills reported receiving grants from the Health Research Council of New Zealand. Dr Hoad reported receiving grants from the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, which is funded by the Australian government. Dr Horvat reported receiving grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Dr Huang reported receiving grants from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Dr Lamontagne reported receiving grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Dr Lawler reported receiving consulting fees from Novartis, Coronna LLC, and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, receiving royalties from McGraw-Hill Publishing, and receiving grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the LifeArc Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, the Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, the Thistledown Foundation, and the province of Ontario. Dr Lorenzi reported receiving personal fees from Berry Consultants. Dr Marshall reported receiving personal fees from AM-Pharma (data and safety monitoring board chair) and Critical Care Medicine (associate editor). Dr McAuley reported receiving personal fees from Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Vir Biotechnology, Faron Pharmaceuticals, and Sobi, receiving grants from the National Institute for Health Research, Wellcome Trust, Innovate UK, the Medical Research Council, and the Northern Ireland Health and Social Care Research and Development Division, and holding a patent for an anti-inflammatory treatment that was issued to Queen’s University Belfast. Dr McGlothlin reported receiving grants from the PREPARE Network, the European Commission, and the Global Coalition for Adapative Research. Mr Mouncey reported receiving grants from the European Union, the PREPARE Network, the National Institute for Health Research, and European Union Horizon 2020. Dr Nichol reported receiving grants from the Health Research Board of Ireland and Baxter and receiving personal fees from AM-Pharma. Dr Parke reported receiving grants from Fisher and Paykel Healthcare Ltd. Ms Parker reported receiving grants from Monash University. Mr Richardson reported receiving funding from the Welsh government. Dr Rowan reported receiving grants from the European Commission and the National Institute for Health Research. Dr Saunders reported receiving grants from the PREPARE Network, the European Commission, and the Global Coalition for Adapative Research. Dr Serpa Neto reported receiving personal fees from Drager and Endpoint Health. Dr Tinmouth reported receiving grants and personal fees from the Canadian Blood Services. Ms Turner reported receiving grants from the Health Research Council of New Zealand. Dr van de Veerdonk reported receiving personal fees from Gilead, Sobi, and GlaxoSmithKline. Dr Wood reported receiving grants from the Australian Medical Research Future Fund. Dr S. Berry reported being an employee of Berry Consultants with an ownership role. Dr Lewis reported being an employee of Berry Consultants. Dr Menon reported receiving grants from the National Institute for Health Research. Dr McArthur reported receiving grants from the Health Research Council of New Zealand. Dr Zarychanski reported receiving grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the University of Manitoba, LifeArc, the Thistledown Foundation, Research Manitoba, the CancerCare Manitoba Foundation, the Victoria General Hospital Foundation, the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, and the Manitoba Medical Services Foundation. Dr Webb reported receiving grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council and the Minderoo Foundation. Dr Shankar-Hari reported receiving grants from the National Institute for Clinical Research. No other disclosures were reported., nonprofit sponsors: Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Australasian sponsor), Utrecht Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (European sponsor), St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Canadian sponsor), and the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, San Francisco, California (US sponsor). This study was additionally funded by grant 602525 FP7-health-2013-innovation-1 from the European Union Platform for European Preparedness Against Reemerging Epidemics, grants APP1101719 and APP1116530 from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, grant APP2002132 from the Australian Medical Research Future Fund, grant 16/631 from the New Zealand Health Research Council, grant 447335 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research COVID-19 Rapid Research, grant 158584 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Innovative Clinical Trials Program, grant CTN 2014-012 from the Health Research Board of Ireland, grant PHRC-20-0147 from the French Ministry of Health, and grant 215522 from the Wellcome Trust Innovations Project and funding from the National Institute for Health Research, the Department of Health and Social Care, the EU Programme Emergency Support Instrument, the NHS Blood and Transplant Research and Development Programme, the National Institute for Health Research, the National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, the UPMC Learning While Doing Program, the Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium, the Pittsburgh Foundation, and the Minderoo Foundation. The Australian government funds the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood for the provision of blood products and services. The collection of plasma in the United Kingdom was funded by European Union SoHo grants from the Department of Health and Social Care. Dr Turgeon is the Canada Research Chair in Critical Care Neurology and Trauma. Dr McQuilten is supported by emerging leader fellowship APP194811 from the National Health and Medical Research Council. Dr Gordon is funded by research professorship 2015-06-18 from the National Institute for Health Research. Dr Shankar-Hari is funded by clinician scientist fellowship 2016-16-011 from the National Institute for Health Research., In Canada, the trial has been funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research, Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (CIHR-SPOR) Innovative Clinical Trials Program Grant (no. 158584) for CAD $1,497,200, for the recruitment of 300 patients., The Platform for European Preparedness Against (Re-)emerging Epidemics (PREPARE) consortium is funded by the European Union (FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION-1, grant number 602525). Within the PREPARE consortium, the trial has funding for the recruitment of approximately 4000 patients., REMAP-CAP was supported in the Netherlands by the Research Collaboration Critical Care the Netherlands (RCC-Net)., Funding sources for the REMAP-CAP trial are specified in the core protocol documents. This domain has received domain-specific funding from the Australian Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF)., reported receiving grants from the National Institute for Health Research and European Union Horizon 2020. Dr Turgeon reported receiving grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Dr McQuilten reported receiving grants from the Australian Medical Research Future Fund. Dr McVerry reported receiving grants from the Pittsburgh Foundation, the Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium, UPMC Learning While Doing Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and Bayer Pharmaceuticals and receiving personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim. Dr Annane reported receiving grants from the French Ministry of Health and Solidarity. Dr Arnold reported receiving grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Ms Beane reported receiving grants and salary support from Wellcome Trust. Ms Bentum-Puijk reported receiving grants from the European Commission and the European Union. Dr L. Berry reported receiving grants from Berry Consultants. Dr Bradbury reported receiving personal fees from Lilly, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Bayer, Amgen, Novartis, Janssen, Portola Advisors, and Ablynx. Dr Buxton reported receiving personal fees from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, Amgen, and Eisai. Dr Callum reported receiving grants from the Canadian Blood Services and Octapharma. Dr Cove reported receiving grants from National University Health System, receiving consulting fees from Medtronic and Baxter, and holding a US patent for removal of carbon dioxide via dialysis. Dr Daly reported receiving grants from the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, which is funded by the Australian government. Dr Derde reported receiving grants from University Medical Center Utrecht, being a member of the COVID-19 guideline committee of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign/ European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine COVID-19 taskforce, and serving as chair of the Dutch intensivists taskforce acute infectious threats. Dr Detry reported receiving grants from the European Union Platform for European Preparedness Against Reemerging Epidemics (PREPARE) consortium, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, the Health Research Council of New Zealand, and the UPMC Learning While Doing Program. Dr De Jong reported receiving personal fees from Roche Scientific, Shionogi Scientific, and Janssen., The current regions are: x Europe, with funding from a European Union FP7 grant (FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION-1, grant number 602525), to support the enrollment of 4000 participants. This funding terminates in 2021. x Australia and New Zealand. In Australia the project has received funding from a NHMRC Project Grant (APP1101719), to support the enrollment of 2000 participants. This funding terminates in December 2021, although some extension may be feasible. In New Zealand the project has received funding from a HRC Programme Grant (16/631), to support the enrollment of 800 participants. This funding terminates in November 2021. x Canada. In Canada the project has received funding for a CIHR grant (158584), to support the enrollment of 300 participants. This funding terminates in 2022. x United States. In the US, funding has been received from UPMC health system for recruitment internally at all UPMC hospitals (>40) and to support a US regional coordinating center. Philanthropic support is being provided through GCAR. Additional funds are being pursued., The REMAP-CAP platform is supported by the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group, the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group, the Irish Critical Care, European Project: 602525,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION-1,PREPARE(2014), NIHR, National Institute for Health Research, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, AII - Infectious diseases, and Intensive Care Medicine

Peters, J, University of Manitoba, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], and Peters, James

Shangol, Muhammad, Peters, James, University of Manitoba, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], and Peters, James

Lawler, Patrick R, Golighe, Ewan C, Berge, Jeffrey S, Neal, Matthew D, McVerry, Bryan J, Nicolau, Jose C, Gong, Michelle N, Carrier, Marc, Rosenson, Robert S, Reynolds, Harmony R, Turgeon, Alexis F, Escobedo, Jorge, Huang, David T, Bradbury, Charlotte A, Houston, Brett L, Kornblith, Lucy Z, Kumar, Anand, Kah, Susan RN, Cushman, Mary, McQuilten, Zoe, Slutsky, Arthur S, Kim, Keri S, Gordon, Anthony C, Kirwan, Bridget-Anne, Brooks, Maria M, Higgins, Alisa M, Lewis, Roger J, Lorenzi, Elizabeth, Berry, Scott M, Berry, Lindsay R, Angus, Derek C, McArthur, Colin J, Webb, Steven A, Farkouh, Michael E, Hochman, Judith S, Zarychanski, Ryan, Aday, Aaron W, Al-Beidh, Farah, Annane, Djillali, Arabi, Yaseen M, Aryal, Diptesh, Kreuziger, Lisa Baumann, Beane, Abi, Bhimani, Zahra, Bihari, Shailesh, Billett, Henny H, Bond, Lindsay, Bonten, Marc, Brunkhorst, Frank, Buxton, Meredith, Buzgau, Adrian, Castellucci, Lana A, Chekuri, Sweta, Chen, Jen-Ting, Cheng, Allen C, Chkhikvadzw, Tamta, Coiffard, Benjamin, Costantini, Todd W, de Brouwer, Sophie, Derde, Lennie PG, Detry, Michelle A, Duggal, Abhijit, Dzavik, Vladimir, Effron, Mark B, Estcourt, Lise J, Everett, Brendan M, Fergusson, Dean A, Fitzgerald, Mark, Fowler, Robert A, Galanaud, Jean P, Galen, Benjamin T, Gandotra, Sheetal, Garcia-Madrona, Sebastian, Girard, Timothy D, Godoy, Lucas C, Goodman, Andrew L, Goossens, Herman, Green, Cameron, Greenstein, Yonatan Y, Gross, Peter L, Hamburg, Naomi M, Haniffa, Rashan, Hanna, George, Hanna, Nicholas, Hegde, Sheila M, Hendrickson, Carolyn M, Hite, R Duncan, Hindenburg, Alexander A, Hope, Aluko A, Horowitz, James M, Horvat, Christopher M, Hudock, Kristin, Hunt, Beverley J, Husain, Mansoor, Hyzy, Robert C, Iyer, Vivek N, Jacobson, Jeffrey R, Jayakumar, Devachandran, Keller, Norma M, Khan, Akram, Kim, Yuri, Kindzelski, Andrei L, Kin, Andrew J, Knudson, M Margaret, Kornblith, Aaron E, Krishnan, Vidya, Kutcher, Matthew E, Laffan, Michael A, Lamontagne, Francois, Le Gal, Gregoire, Leeper, Christine M, Leifer, Eric S, Lim, George, Lima, Felipe Gallego, Linstrum, Kelsey, Litton, Edward, Lopez-Sendon, Jose, Moreno, Jose L Lopez-Sendon, Lother, Sylvain A, Malhotra, Saurabh, Marcos, Miguel, Marinez, Andrea Saud, Marshall, John C, Marten, Nicole, Matthay, Michael A, McAuley, Daniel F, McDonald, Emily G, McGlothlin, Anna, McGuinness, Shay P, Middeldorp, Saskia, Montgomery, Stephanie K, Moore, Steven C, Guerreor, Raquel Morillo, Mouncey, Paul R, Murthy, Srinivas, Nair, Girish B, Nair, Rahul, Nichol, Alistair D, Nunez-Garcia, Brenda, Pandey, Ambarish, Park, Pauline K, Parke, Rachael L, Parker, Jane C, Parnia, Sam, Paul, Jonathan D, Gonzalez, Yessica S Perez, Pompilio, Mauricio, Prekker, Matthew E, Quigley, John G, Rost, Natalia S, Rowan, Kathryn, Santos, Fernanda O, Santos, Marlene, Santos, Mayler Olombrada, Satterwhite, Lewis, Saunders, Christina T, Schutgens, Roger EG, Seymour, Christopher W, Siegal, Deborah M, Jr, Silva Delcio G, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Sheehan, John P, Singhal, Aneesh B, Solvaso, Dayna, Stanworth, Simon J, Tritschler, Tobias, Turner, Anne M, Van Bentum-Puijk, Wilma, van de Veerdonk, Frank L, van Diepen, Sean, Vazquez-Grande, Gloria, Wahid, Lana, Wareham, Vanessa, Wells, Bryan J, Widmer, R Jay, Wilson, Jennifer G, Yuriditsky, Eugene, Zampieri, Fernando G, Investigators, ATTACC, Investigators, ACTIV-4a, Investigators, REMAP-CAP, Investigators, ATTACC, Investigators, ACTIV-4a, Investigators, REMAP-CAP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), 215522, AR7-162822, CS-2016-16-011, RP-2015-06-18, National Institutes of Health, NIH: 1OT2HL156812-01, OTA-20-011, UL1TR001445, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI, Breast Cancer Research Foundation, BCRF, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS, New York University, NYU, Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, CancerCare Manitoba Foundation, CCMF, University of Manitoba, UM, Health Research Board, HRB: CTN 2014-012, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, CIHR, National Institute for Health Research, NIHR, European Commission, EC: 602525, FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION, National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC: APP1101719, APP1116530, Health Research Council of New Zealand, HRC: 158584, 16/631, 447335, Canada Research Chairs, Eisai, Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé: PHRC-20-0147, Horizon 2020: 101003589, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC, Minderoo Foundation, The ATTACC platform was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, LifeArc Foundation, Thistledown Foundation, Research Manitoba, Ontario Ministry of Health, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, CancerCare Manitoba Foundation, and Victoria General Hospital Foundation. The ACTIV-4a platform was sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) (grant numbers, OTA-20-011 and 1OT2HL156812-01). The pilot program (PROTECT) was funded in part by a grant (UL1TR001445) from the New York University Clinical and Translational Science Award program, supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the NIH. The REMAP-CAP platform was supported by the European Union through FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION: the Platform for European Preparedness Against (Re-)emerging Epidemics (PREPARE) consortium (602525) and the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program: the Rapid European Covid-19 Emergency Research response (RECOVER) consortium (101003589), by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1101719 and APP1116530), the Health Research Council of New Zealand (16/631), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Innovative Clinical Trials Program Grant [158584] and Covid-19 Rapid Research Operating Grant [447335]), the U.K. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, the Health Research Board of Ireland (CTN 2014-012), the Learning While Doing Program at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the French Ministry of Health (PHRC-20-0147), the Minderoo Foundation, Am-gen, Eisai, the Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, and the Wellcome Trust Innovations Project (215522). Dr. Goligher is the recipient of an Early Career Investigator award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant AR7-162822). Dr. Gordon is supported by an NIHR Research Professorship (RP-2015-06-18), Dr. Shankar-Hari by an NIHR Clinician Scientist Fellowship (CS-2016-16-011), and Dr. Turgeon by a Canada Research Chair (Tier 2). Dr. Zarychanski is the recipient of the Lyonel G. Israels Research Chair in Hematology (University of Manitoba)., Listed are data that were included in the analysis involving patients with moderate severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). The denominators of patients in the anticoagulation group and the thrombophylaxis group are un-equal owing to response-adaptive randomization. The baseline characteristics of the patients according to d-dimer level are provided in Table S2 in the Supplementary Appendix. To convert the values for creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4. ULN denotes upper limit of the normal range. † Race or ethnic group was reported by the patients. ‡ The body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters. § Severe cardiovascular disease was defined as a baseline history of heart failure, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, or cerebrovascular disease (stroke or transient ischemic attack) in the ATTACC (Antithrombotic Therapy to Ameliorate Complications of Covid-19) and ACTIV-4a (A Multicenter, Adaptive, Ran-domized Controlled Platform Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Antithrombotic Strategies in Hospitalized Adults with COVID-19) platforms and as a baseline history of New York Heart Association class IV symptoms in the REMAP-CAP platform (Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community-Acquired Pneumonia). ¶ Chronic respiratory disease was defined as a baseline history of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bron-chiectasis, interstitial lung disease, primary lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension, active tuberculosis, or the receipt of home oxygen therapy. ‖ Not listed are 74 patients who were coenrolled in the REMAP-CAP Antiplatelet Domain (39 in the anticoagulation group and 35 in the thromboprophylaxis group). ** In REMAP-CAP, levels of oxygen support (including no support) below the level of high-flow nasal cannula were not reported. †† The relative proportion of patients who were randomly assigned in each platform was imbalanced owing to imple-mentation of response-adaptive randomization in ATTACC on December 15, 2020. ‡‡ A total of 215 patients who were enrolled in the ATTACC platform were funded by the ACTIV4a platform by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. §§ Other participating countries were Mexico, Nepal, Australia, the Netherlands, and Spain., ATTACC Investigators, ACTIV-4a Investigators, REMAP-CAP Investigators, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, Lawler, Patrick R [0000-0001-5155-5071], Neal, Matthew D [0000-0001-8931-6236], McVerry, Bryan J [0000-0002-1175-4874], Carrier, Marc [0000-0001-8296-2972], Escobedo, Jorge [0000-0003-1942-7402], Huang, David T [0000-0001-7649-1633], Bradbury, Charlotte A [0000-0001-5248-8165], Houston, Brett L [0000-0002-8776-4083], Kornblith, Lucy Z [0000-0002-1861-9691], Kim, Keri S [0000-0002-8480-4801], Gordon, Anthony C [0000-0002-0419-547X], Higgins, Alisa M [0000-0001-8295-7559], Aday, Aaron W [0000-0001-6243-3432], Aryal, Diptesh [0000-0002-1431-8293], Baumann Kreuziger, Lisa [0000-0002-1171-0548], Beane, Abi [0000-0001-7046-1580], Coiffard, Benjamin [0000-0002-8896-5346], Derde, Lennie PG [0000-0002-3577-5629], Detry, Michelle A [0000-0002-2794-1439], Estcourt, Lise J [0000-0003-4309-9162], Everett, Brendan M [0000-0002-6331-5224], Galen, Benjamin T [0000-0001-8172-258X], Girard, Timothy D [0000-0002-9833-4871], Godoy, Lucas C [0000-0001-6171-1269], Greenstein, Yonatan Y [0000-0002-5718-4408], Haniffa, Rashan [0000-0002-8288-449X], Hanna, George [0000-0001-8737-3843], Hegde, Sheila M [0000-0001-8157-8899], Hendrickson, Carolyn M [0000-0003-4662-2385], Hite, R Duncan [0000-0002-2625-8750], Hindenburg, Alexander A [0000-0002-1232-2168], Horvat, Christopher M [0000-0002-1593-2252], Jacobson, Jeffrey R [0000-0001-8929-994X], Kim, Yuri [0000-0001-5978-5779], King, Andrew J [0000-0002-9809-0563], Kutcher, Matthew E [0000-0003-4566-5359], Lima, Felipe Gallego [0000-0003-1204-5743], Lopez-Sendon Moreno, Jose L [0000-0001-9414-3990], Marcos, Miguel [0000-0003-1269-4487], McGlothlin, Anna [0000-0002-9079-6166], Mouncey, Paul R [0000-0002-8510-8517], Nunez-Garcia, Brenda [0000-0002-0355-4557], Parnia, Sam [0000-0002-6158-4404], Quigley, John G [0000-0003-3116-4545], Saunders, Christina T [0000-0003-4325-9568], Shankar-Hari, Manu [0000-0002-5338-2538], Sheehan, John P [0000-0002-4328-2613], Tritschler, Tobias [0000-0002-8775-0511], Yuriditsky, Eugene [0000-0003-2263-9297], Zampieri, Fernando G [0000-0001-9315-6386], Angus, Derek C [0000-0002-7026-5181], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, NIHR, and National Institute for Health Research

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Jassal, Costantino Sirca, Earth and Climate, Earth Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), INAR Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], California State University [Sacramento], Michigan State University System, University of Virginia, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Agroscope, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Lund University [Lund], University of Nebraska–Lincoln, University of Nebraska System, University of Melbourne, University of Antwerp (UA), Université de Liège, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Peoples Friendship University of Russia [RUDN University] (RUDN), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Colorado [Colorado Springs] (UCCS), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of Minnesota System, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Utah, University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), Thunen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Technology Sydney (UTS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Shanxi University (SXU), Worcester State University [Worcester], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, GILBERTO PASTORELLO, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, THOMAS ANDREW BLACK, University of British Columbia, PETER D. BLANKEN, University of Colorado, GIL BOHRER, Ohio State University, JULIA BOIKE, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research / Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, PAUL V. BOLSTAD, University of Minnesota, JEAN-MARC BONNEFOND, ISPA Bordeaux Sciences Agro, DAVID R. 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SALESKA, University of Arizona, ENRIQUE P. SÁNCHEZ-CAÑETE, University of Granada / CEAMA-IISTA, ZULIA M. SANCHEZ-MEJIA, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, RAINER STEINBRECHER, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, ROBERT M. STEVENS, Sentek Pty Ltd, COVE STURTEVANT, National Ecological Observatory Network Program, ANDY SUYKER, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, TORBERN TAGESSON, Lund University / University of Copenhagen, SATORU TAKANASHI, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, DOMENICO VITALE, University of Tuscia / CMCC, NATALIA VYGODSKAYA, Russian Academy of Sciences, JEFFREY P. WALKER, Monash University, ELIZABETH WALTER-SHEA, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, HUIMIN WANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ROBIN WEBER, University of California Berkeley, SEBASTIAN WESTERMANN, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), CHRISTIAN WILLE, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, STEVEN WOFSY, Harvard University, GEORG WOHLFAHRT, University of Innsbruck, SEBASTIAN WOLF, ETH Zurich, WILLIAM WOODGATE, CSIRO Land and Water, YUELIN LI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, DONATELLA ZONA, San Diego State University / University of Sheffield, DEB AGARWAL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, SEBASTIEN BIRAUD, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MARGARET TORN, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DARIO PAPALE, University of Tuscia / CMCC., ALLISON DUNN, Worcester State University, JIRÍ DUSEK, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, DEREK EAMUS, University of Technology Sydney, UWE EICHELMANN, Technische Universität Dresden, HOUSEN CHU, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DANIELLE CHRISTIANSON, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, YOU-WEI CHEAH, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CRISTINA POINDEXTER, California State University, JIQUAN CHEN, Michigan State University, ABDELRAHMAN ELBASHANDY, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MARTY HUMPHREY, University of Virginia, PETER ISAAC, TERN Ecosystrem Processes, DIEGO POLIDORI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, ALESSIO RIBECA, University of Tuscia / CMCC, CATHARINE VAN INGEN, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LEIMINGZ HANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BRIAN AMIRO, University of Manitoba, CHRISTOF AMMANN, Agroscope Research Institute, M. ALTAF ARAIN, McMaster University, JONAS ARDÖ, Lund University, TIMOTHY ARKEBAUER, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, STEFAN K. ARNDT, The University of Melbourne, NICOLA ARRIGA, University of Antwerp / Joint Research Centre, MARC AUBINET, University of Liege, MIKA AURELA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, DENNIS BALDOCCHI, University of California Berkeley, ALAN BARR, University of Saskatchewan / Environment and Climate Change Canada, DAMIEN BONAL, Université de Lorraine, SEAN P. BURNS, University of Colorado / National Center for Atmospheric Research, PAULINE BUYSSE, Université Paris-Saclay, PETER CALE, Australian Landscape Trust, MAURO CAVAGNA, Fondazione Edmund Mach, PIERRE CELLIER, Université Paris-Saclay, SHIPING CHEN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISAAC CHINI, Fondazione Edmund Mach, TORBEN R . CHRISTENSEN, Aarhus University, JAMES CLEVERLY, University of Technology Sydney, ALESSIO COLLALTI, University of Tuscia / National Research Council of Italy, CLAUDIA CONSALVO, University of Tuscia / National Research Council of Italy, BRUCE D. COOK, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, DAVID COOK, Argonne National Laboratory, CAROLE COURSOLLE, Natural Resources Canada / Université Laval, EDOARDO CREMONESE, Climate Change Unit, PETER S. CURTIS, Ohio State University, ETTORE DANDREA, National Research Council of Italy, HUMBERTO DA ROCHA, USP, XIAOQIN DAI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, KENNETH J. DAVIS, The Pennsylvania State University, BRUNO DE CINTI, National Research Council of Italy, NICOLAS DELPIERRE, Université Paris-Saclay, ANKUR R . DESAI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, CARLOS MARCELO DI BELLA, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires., PAUL DI TOMMASI, National Research Council of Italy, ERIC DUFRÊNE, Université Paris-Saclay, MARIUS SCHMIDT, Agrosphere (IBG3), HATIM ABDALLA M. ELKHIDIR, ElObeid Research Station, WERNER EUGSTER, ETH Zurich, CACILIA M. EWENZ, TERN Ecosystem Processes Central Node, BRENT EWERS, University of Wyoming, DANIELA FAMULARI, National Research Council of Italy, SILVANO FARES, National Research Council of Italy / Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, IRIS FEIGENWINTER, ETH Zurich, ANDREW FEITZ, Geoscience Australia, RASMUS FENSHOLT, University of Copenhagen, GIANLUCA FILIPPA, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, MARC FISCHER, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, JOHN FRANK, USDA Forest Service, BERT GIELEN, University of Antwerp, BENIAMINO GIOLI, National Research Council of Italy, ANATOLY GITELSON, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, IGNACIO BALLARIN GODED, Joint Research Centre, MATHIAS GOECKEDE, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ALLEN H. GOLDSTEIN, University of California Berkeley, CHRISTOPHER M. GOUGH, Virginia Commonwealth University, MICHAEL L. GOULDEN, University of California, ALEXANDER GRAF, Forschungszentrum Jülich, ANNE GRIEBEL, The University of Melbourne, CARSTEN GRUENING, Joint Research Centre, THOMAS GRÜNWALD, Technische Universität Dresden, ALBIN HAMMERLE, University of Innsbruck, SHIJIE HAN, Henan University / Chinese Academy of Sciences, XINGGUO HAN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BIRGER ULF HANSEN, University of Copenhagen, CHAD HANSON, Oregon State University, JUHA HATAKKA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, YONGTAO HE, Chinese Academy of Sciences / University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, MARKUS HEHN, Technische Universität Dresden, BERNARD HEINESCH, University of Liege, NINA HINKO-NAJERA, The University of Melbourne, LUKAS HÖRTNAGL, ETH Zurich, LINDSAY HUTLEY, Charles Darwin University, ANDREAS IBROM, Technical University of Denmark, HIROKI IKAWA, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, TOMOMICHI KATO, Hokkaido University, MYROSLAVA KHOMIK, McMaster University / Geography and Environmental Management, JANINA KLATT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, ALEXANDER KNOHL, University of Goettingen, SARA KNOX, The University of British Columbia, HIDEKI KOBAYASHI, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, GEORGIA KOERBER, University of Adelaide, OLAF KOLLE, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, YOSHIKO KOSUGI, Kyoto University, AYUMI KOTANI, Nagoya University, ANDREW KOWALSKI, University of Granada, BART KRUIJT, Wageningen University, JULIA KURBATOVA, Russian Academy of Sciences, WERNER L. KUTSCH, ICOS ERIC, HYOJUNG KWON, Oregon State University, SAMULI LAUNIAINEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, TUOMAS LAURILA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, BEV LAW, Oregon State University, RAY LEUNING, In memoriam, YINGNIAN LI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, MICHAEL LIDDELL, James Cook University, JEAN-MARC LIMOUSIN, Univ Montpellier, KARL SCHNEIDER, University of Cologne, MARRYANNA LION, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, ADAM J. LISKA, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ANNALEA LOHILA, Finnish Meteorological Institute / University of Helsinki, ANTJE LUCAS-MOFFAT, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture / Centre for Agrometeorological Research, SIYAN MA, University of California Berkeley, CRAIG MACFARLANE, CSIRO Land and Water, VINCENZO MAGLIULO, National Research Council of Italy, REGINE MAIER, ETH Zurich, IVAN MAMMARELLA, University of Helsinki, GIOVANNI MANCA, Joint Research Centre, BARBARA MARCOLLA, Fondazione Edmund Mach, HANK A . MARGOLIS, Université Laval, SERENA MARRAS, CMCC / University of Sassari, WILLIAM MASSMAN, USDA Forest Service, MIKHAIL MASTEPANOV, Aarhus University / University of Oulu, ROSER MATAMALA, Argonne National Laboratory, JACLYN HATALA MATTHES, Wellesley College, FRANCESCO MAZZENGA, National Research Council of Italy, HARRY MCCAUGHEY, Queen’s University, IAN MCHUGH, The University of Melbourne, ANDREW M. S. MCMILLAN, Environmental Analytics NZ, LUTZ MERBOLD, International Livestock Research Institute, WAYNE MEYER, University of Adelaide, TILDEN MEYERS, NOAA/OAR/Air Resources Laboratory, SCOTT D. MILLER, State University of New York at Albany, STEFANO MINERBI, Forest Department of South Tyrol, UTA MODEROW, Technische Universität Dresden, RUSSELL K. MONSON, University of Arizona, LEONARDO MONTAGNANI, Forest Department of South Tyrol / Free University of Bolzano, CAITLIN E. MOORE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, EDDY MOORS, IHE Delft / VU Amsterdam, VIRGINIE MOREAUX, ISPA / University Grenoble Alpes, CHRISTINE MOUREAUX, University of Liege, J. WILLIAM MUNGER, Harvard University, TARO NAKAI, National Taiwan University / University of Alaska Fairbanks, MARCELO NOSETTO, Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis / UNER, YANN NOUVELLON, Univ Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-IRD-Montpellier SupAgro, WALTER OECHEL, San Diego State University / University of Exeter, JORGEN EIVIND OLESEN, Aarhus University, JEAN-MARC OURCIVAL, Univ Montpellier, SHIRLEY A. PAPUGA, Wayne State University, FRANS-JAN PARMENTIER, Lund University / University of Oslo, EUGENIE PAUL-LIMOGES, University of Zurich, MARIAN PAVELKA, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, MATTHIAS PEICHL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, ELISE PENDALL, Western Sydney University, RICHARD P. PHILLIPS, Indiana University Bloomington, KIM PILEGAARD, Technical University of Denmark, NORBERT PIRK, Lund University / CSIRO Land and Water, GABRIELA POSSE, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), THOMAS POWELL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, HEIKO PRASSE, Technische Universität Dresden, SUZANNE M. PROBER, CSIRO Land and Water, SERGE RAMBAL, Univ Montpellier, ÜLLAR RANNIK, University of Helsinki, DAVID REED, Michigan State University, VICTOR RESCO DE DIOS, Western Sydney University / Southwest University of Science and Technology, NATALIA RESTREPO-COUPE, University of Arizona, BORJA R. REVERTER, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, HANS PETER SCHMID, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, FREDERIK SCHRADER, Federal Research Institute of Rural Areas, IVAN SCHRODER, Geoscience Australia, RUSSELL L. SCOTT, Southwest Watershed Research Center, PAVEL SEDLÁK, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences / Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, PENÉLOPE SERRANO-ORTÍZ, CEAMA-IISTA / University of Granada, CHANGLIANG SHAO, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, PEILI SHI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVAN SHIRONYA, Russian Academy of Sciences, LUKAS SIEBICKE, Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, LADISLAV SIGUT, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, RICHARD SILBERSTEIN, University of Western Australia / Edith Cowan University, COSTANTINO SIRCA, CMCC / University of Sassari, DONATELLA SPANO, CMCC / University of Sassari, YANHONG TANG, Peking University, NIGEL TAPPER, Monash University, JONATHAN THOM, University of Wisconsin-Madison, FRANK TIEDEMANN, University of Goettingen, MICHELE TOMASSUCCI, University of Tuscia / Terrasystem srl, JUHA-PEKKA TUOVINEN, Finnish Meteorological Institute, SHAWN URBANSKI, Rocky Mountain Research Station, RICCARDO VALENTINI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, MICHIEL VAN DER MOLEN, Wageningen University, EVA VAN GORSEL, Australian National University Canberra, KO VAN HUISSTEDEN, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, ANDREJ VARLAGIN, Russian Academy of Sciences, JOSEPH VERFAILLIE, University of California Berkeley, TIMO VESALA, University of Helsinki, CAROLINE VINCKE, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ROBERTO ZAMPEDRI, Fondazione Edmund Mach, JUNHUI ZHANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, GUOYI ZHOU, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, NAAMA RAZ-YASEEF, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ERIC BEAMESDERFER, McMaster University, CARLO TROTTA, University of Tuscia, ELEONORA CANFORA, University of Tuscia / CMCC, LUCA BELELLI MARCHESINI, Fondazione Edmund Mach / RUDN University, ONIL BERGERON, Ministère du Développement durable de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, JASON BERINGER, University of Western Australia, CHRISTIAN BERNHOFER, Technische Universität Dresden, DANIEL BERVEILLER, Université Paris-Saclay, and DAVE BILLESBACH, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Hollett, Joshua W., Loos, Pierre-Francois, University of Manitoba, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Groupe Méthodes et outils de la chimie quantique (LCPQ) (GMO), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse)

Piazza, Fabrice, Monthioux, Marc, Puech, Pascal, Gerber, I.C., Gough, Kathleen, Laboratorio de Nanociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Matériaux Multi-fonctionnels et Multi-échelles (CEMES-M3), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, PUCMM-CNRS Research Convention, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Manitoba [Winnipeg]

Anne Roudaut, Florine Simon, Pourang Irani, Marcos Serrano, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), University of Manitoba (CANADA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), University of Bristol (UNITED KINGDOM), Etude de L’Interaction Personne SystèmE (IRIT-ELIPSE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Bristol [Bristol], and University of Manitoba [Winnipeg]

Neshati, A., Sakamoto, Y., Leboe-Mcgowan, L. C., Leboe-Mcgowan, J., Marcos Serrano, Irani, P., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), University of Manitoba (CANADA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Etude de L’Interaction Personne SystèmE (IRIT-ELIPSE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Steve Kirkland, Julien Arino, Nicolas Bajeux, University of Manitoba, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Nicolas Molinari, Luciana Kase Tanno, Margitta Worm, Ana Luiza Bierrenbach, Pascal Demoly, Yoon-Seok Chang, Thomas B. Casale, Victoria Cardona, Bernard Yu-Hor Thong, Moises A. Calderon, F. Estelle R. Simons, Département pneumologie et addictologie [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology [London, UK], Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], UPC Research Laboratories, Allergy Department, University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), and University of Manitoba

Tiia Luostarinen, Kaarina Weckström, Jens Ehn, Michelle Kamula, Amanda Burson, Aura Diaz, Guillaume Massé, Suzanne McGowan, Zou Zou Kuzyk, Maija Heikkilä, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), and Aquatic Ecology (AqE)

Michelle Pinault, Laure Peyta, Kathleen Jarnouen, Stephan Chevalier, Cyrille Guimaraes, Grant M. Hatch, Pascal Loyer, Jean-François Dumas, Jean-Paul Pais de Barros, François Maillot, Stéphane Servais, Nutrition, croissance et cancer (U 1069) (N2C), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Tours (UT), Foie, métabolismes et cancer, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Ligue contre le CancerRégion Centre'Cancéropole Grand OuestGroupe Lipides Nutrition' 'Association CANCEN', Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Tours, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Jonchère, Laurent, Nutrition, croissance et cancer ( N2C ), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), CHRU Tours, and University of Manitoba, Canada

Cassat, Sabine, Serrano, Marcos, Dubois, Emmanuel, Irani, Pourang, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), University of Manitoba (CANADA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Etude de L’Interaction Personne SystèmE (IRIT-ELIPSE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Pascal Demoly, Ségolène Aymé, Luciana Kase Tanno, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, F. Estelle R. Simons, Moises A. Calderon, Département pneumologie et addictologie [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Emergency Department [São Paulo, Brazil], Hospital Sírio-Libanês [São Paulo, Brazil], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Pediatrics & Child Health [Winnipeg, Canada], Section of Allergy & Clinical Immunology [Winnipeg, Canada], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg]-University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology [London, UK], Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute, Plateforme d'information et de services pour les maladies rares et les médicaments orphelins (Orphanet), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Broussais-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and BMC, BMC

Pourang Irani, Marcos Serrano, Emmanuel Dubois, Houssem Saidi, Etude de L’Interaction Personne SystèmE (IRIT-ELIPSE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), University of Manitoba (CANADA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Anne Roudaut, Pourang Irani, Marcos Serrano, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), University of Manitoba (CANADA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), University of Bristol (UNITED KINGDOM), Etude de L’Interaction Personne SystèmE (IRIT-ELIPSE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Bristol [Bristol], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Jan C. Plaizier, Hooman Derakhshani, S. Li, S. J. Meale, Ehsan Khafipour, Paula Azevedo, Michael A. Steele, T. J. Devries, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University [College Station], Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Department of Agricultural Food and Nutrition Science, University of Alberta, Department of Medicine Microbiolology, University of Manitoba, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Mélissa Généreux, Catherine Gabaude, Verena Menec, Catherine St-Pierre, Mathieu Roy, Yves Couturier, Parminder Raina, Marie-France Dubois, Mélanie Levasseur, Research Centre on Aging, Centre integré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie (CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Laboratoire Ergonomie et Sciences Cognitives pour les Transports (IFSTTAR/TS2/LESCOT), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon, and Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)

Anna W. Santure, Jon Slate, Ben C. Sheldon, Damien R. Farine, Reinder Radersma, Colin J. Garroway, Isabelle De Cauwer, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Lund University [Lund, Sweden], Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, The University of Sheffield [Sheffield, U.K.], University of Auckland [Auckland], Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, University of Oxford, Lund University [Lund], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], and Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP))

Jennifer Klunk, Tauras P. Vilgalys, Christian E. Demeure, Xiaoheng Cheng, Mari Shiratori, Julien Madej, Rémi Beau, Derek Elli, Maria I. Patino, Rebecca Redfern, Sharon N. DeWitte, Julia A. Gamble, Jesper L. Boldsen, Ann Carmichael, Nükhet Varlik, Katherine Eaton, Jean-Christophe Grenier, G. Brian Golding, Alison Devault, Jean-Marie Rouillard, Vania Yotova, Renata Sindeaux, Chun Jimmie Ye, Matin Bikaran, Anne Dumaine, Jessica F. Brinkworth, Dominique Missiakas, Guy A. Rouleau, Matthias Steinrücken, Javier Pizarro-Cerdá, Hendrik N. Poinar, Luis B. Barreiro, McMaster Ancient DNA Center [Hamilton, Ontario], McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Daicel Arbor Biosciences [Ann Arbor, MI], University of Chicago, Yersinia, Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Microbiologie Intégrative et Moléculaire (UMR6047), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum of London, University of South Carolina [Columbia], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, Rutgers University [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Université de Montréal (UdeM), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine / Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital [Montreal, Canada], Université de Montréal (UdeM)-CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], and This work was supported by grant R01-GM134376 to L.B.B., H.P. and J.P.-C., a grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation to J.F.B. (8702), and the UChicago DDRCC, Center for Interdisciplinary Study of Inflammatory Intestinal Disorders (C-IID) (NIDDK P30 DK042086). The SSHRC Insight Development Grant supported the collection of the Danish samples (430-2017-01193). H.N.P. was supported by an Insight Grant no. 20008499 from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research under the Humans and the Microbiome programme. T.P.V. was supported by NIH F32GM140568. X.C. and M. Steinrücken were supported by grant R01GM146051. We also thank the University of Chicago Genomics Facility (RRID:SCR_019196), especially P. Faber, for their assistance with RNA sequencing. H.P. thanks D. Poinar for continued support and manuscript suggestions and editing.

Aymeric Nsangou, Jacques, Rocha de Avilez, Gabriel, Wheat, David, and University of Manitoba

Rumore, Jillian, Walker, Matthew, Pagotto, Franco, Forbes, Jessica D., Peterson, Christy-Lynn, Tyler, Andrea D., Graham, Morag, Van Domselaar, Gary, Nadon, Celine, Reimer, Aleisha, Knox, Natalie, and University of Manitoba

Dorfman, Tamara L., Archibald, Mandy, Haykowsky, Mark, Scott, Shannon D., and University of Manitoba

Marzouk, Manar, Durrance-Bagale, Anna, Lam, Sze T., Nagashima-Hayashi, Michiko, Ung, Mengieng, Aribou, Zeenathnisa M., Zaseela, Ayshath, Ibrahim, Nafeesah M., Agarwal, Sunanda, Omar, Maryam, Newaz, Sanjida, Mkhallalati, Hala, Howard, Natasha, and University of Manitoba

Li, Hongzhao, Smith, Greg, Goolia, Melissa, Marszal, Peter, Pickering, Bradley S., and University of Manitoba

Rosca, Eugenia, Taylor, Kelsey, and University of Manitoba

McLean, Robert K. D., Carden, Fred, Aiken, Alice B., Armstrong, Rebecca, Bray, Judy, Cassidy, Christine E., Daub, Olivia, Di Ruggiero, Erica, Fierro, Leslie A., Gagnon, Michelle, Hutchinson, Alison M., Kislov, Roman, Kothari, Anita, Kreindler, Sara, McCutcheon, Chris, Reszel, Jessica, Scarrow, Gayle, Graham, Ian D., and University of Manitoba

Capler, N. R., Balneaves, Lynda, Buxton, Jane A., Kerr, Thomas, and University of Manitoba

Blanchard, Andrea K., Jacobs, Choolwe, Musukuma, Mwiche, Chooye, Ovost, Sikapande, Brivine, Michelo, Charles, Boerma, Ties, Wehrmeister, Fernando C., and University of Manitoba

Anne Roudaut, Pourang Irani, Marcos Serrano, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), University of Manitoba (CANADA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), University of Bristol (UNITED KINGDOM), Etude de L’Interaction Personne SystèmE (IRIT-ELIPSE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Bristol [Bristol], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Odile Duvaux, Andrea Perota, Hélène Perreault, Elsa Lheriteau, Bernard Martinet, Irina Lagutina, Gwénaëlle Evanno, Ludmilla Le Berre, Hervé Raoul, Olivier Reynard, Cesare Galli, Giovanna Lazzari, Apolline Salama, Frédéric Jacquot, Roberto Duchi, Sophie Conchon, Jean-Paul Judor, Viktor E. Volchkov, Jean-Marie Bach, Jean-Paul Soulillou, Hoa Le Mai, Bases moléculaires de la pathogénicité virale – Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity (BMPV), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire P4 - Jean Mérieux, Centre Européen de Virologie/Immunologie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Xenothera [Nantes, France], Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Immuno-Endocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IECM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Avantea Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies [Cremona, Italy], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Anti-EBOV GP IgGs Lacking alpha 1-3-Galactose and Neu5Gc Prolong Survival and Decrease Blood Viral Load in EBOV-Infected Guinea Pigs, Reynard, Olivier, Jacquot, Frédéric, Evanno, Gwénaëlle, Mai, Hoa Le, Salama, Apolline, Martinet, Bernard, Duvaux, Odile, Bach, Jean-Marie, Conchon, Sophie, Judor, Jean-Paul, Perota, Andrea, Lagutina, Irina, Duchi, Roberto, Lazzari, Giovanna, Le Berre, Ludmilla, Perreault, Hélène, Lheriteau, Elsa, Raoul, Hervé, Volchkov, Viktor, Galli, Cesare, Soulillou, Jean-Paul, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Davoine, Laure-Hélène, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bases moléculaires de la pathogénicité virale – Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, University of Manitoba, and University of Bologna

P. Barre, Robert H. Gulden, R. C. Van Acker, Bernadette Julier, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan, University of Manitoba, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Plant Agriculture, and University of Guelph

Kathleen M. Dungan, Lars Bardtrum, Erik Christiansen, Johanna Eliasson, Linda Mellbin, Vincent C. Woo, Tina Vilsbøll, and University of Manitoba

Logan Froese, Alwyn Gomez, Amanjyot Singh Sainbhi, Nuray Vakitbilir, Izabella Marquez, Fiorella Amenta, Kevin Y. Stein, Frederick A. Zeiler, Froese, Logan [0000-0002-6076-0189], Gomez, Alwyn [0000-0002-3737-2065], Sainbhi, Amanjyot Singh [0000-0003-3231-5683], Vakitbilir, Nuray [0000-0003-2764-145X], Stein, Kevin Y [0000-0002-5983-008X], Zeiler, Frederick A [0000-0003-1737-0510], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and University of Manitoba