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In this paper, we provide the counterparts of a few celebrated impossibility theorems for continuous social intergenerational preferences according to P. Diamond, L.G. Svensson and T. Sakai. In particular, we give a topology that must be refined for continuous preferences to satisfy anonymity and strong monotonicity. Furthermore, we suggest quasi-pseudo-metrics as an appropriate quantitative tool for reconciling topology and social intergenerational preferences. Thus, we develop a metric-type method which is able to guarantee the possibility counterparts of the aforesaid impossibility theorems and, in addition, it is able to give numerical quantifications of the improvement of welfare. Finally, a refinement of the previous method is presented in such a way that metrics are involved. Asier Estevan acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under grant PID2021-127799NB-I00 as well as from the UPNA under grant JIUPNA19-2022. Oscar Valero acknowledges financial support from Proyecto PGC2018-095709-B-C21 financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” and from project BUGWRIGHT2. This last project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 871260.

The article presents a Co-planar Waveguide (CPW) fed antenna of a low-profile, simple geometry, and compact size operating at the dual band for ISM and WLAN applications for 5G communication devices. The antenna has a small size of 30 mm × 18 mm × 0.79 mm and is realized using Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. The proposed dual-band antenna contains a CPW feedline along with the triangular patch. Later on, various stubs are loaded to obtain optimal results. The proposed antenna offers a dual band at 2.4 and 5.4 GHz while covering the impedance bandwidths of 2.25–2.8 GHz for ISM and 5.45–5.65 GHz for WLAN applications, respectively. The proposed antenna design is studied and analyzed using the Electromagnetic (EM) High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSSv9) tool, and a hardware prototype is fabricated to verify the simulated results. As the antenna is intended for on-body applications, therefore, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis is carried out to investigate the Electromagnetic effects of the antenna on the human body. Moreover, a comparison between the proposed dual-band antenna and other relevant works in the literature is presented. The results and comparison of the proposed work with other literary works validate that the proposed dual-band antenna is suitable for future 5G devices working in Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM), and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bands. This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional -FEDER-, European Union) under the research grant of PID2021-127409OB-C31 CONDOR and by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R238), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in the mode of action of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides. Two populations of Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson from Spain (sensitive and resistant to nicosulfuron, due to mutated ALS) were grown hydroponically and treated with different rates of the ALS inhibitor nicosulfuron (one time and three times the field recommended rate). Seven days later, various oxidative stress markers were measured in the leaves: H2O2, MDA, ascorbate and glutathione contents, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression levels. Under control conditions, most of the analysed parameters were very similar between sensitive and resistant plants, meaning that resistance is not accompanied by a different basal oxidative metabolism. Nicosulfuron-treated sensitive plants died after a few weeks, while the resistant ones survived, independently of the rate. Seven days after herbicide application, the sensitive plants that had received the highest nicosulfuron rate showed an increase in H2O2 content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymatic activities, while resistant plants did not show these responses, meaning that oxidative stress is linked to ALS inhibition. A supralethal nicosulfuron rate was needed to induce a significant oxidative stress response in the sensitive population, providing evidence that the lethality elicited by ALS inhibitors is not entirely dependent on oxidative stress. This work was financed by the Public University of Navarre (Project UPNA20-6138) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (2020 117723-RB-100). ME is the holder of a predoctoral fellowship of the Basque Government and he also received a mobility grant from the same Government. The authors would like to acknowledge G. Garijo, J. Encinas and C. Jiménez for technical assistance, and J. Torra (University of Lleida, CAT, Spain) for providing seeds.

We derive a new analytic representation of the error function $${\text {erf}}\,\, z$$ erf z in the form of a convergent series whose terms are exponential and rational functions. The expansion holds uniformly in z in the double sector $$\vert \arg (\pm z)\vert | arg ( ± z ) | < π / 4 . The expansion is accompanied by realistic error bounds.

Reseña de la obra de César Layana: Expolio y castigo: La represión económica en Navarra, 1936-1945... 1966. Iruña-Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra, Dirección General de Cultura-Institución Príncipe de Viana / Nafarroako Gobernua, Vianako Printzea Erakundea-Kultura Zuzendaritza Nagusia, 2021 El libro se construye sobre el vaciado extensivo de expedientes de la Comisión Provincial de Incautación de Bienes de Navarra (CPIBN) y del Tribunal Regional de Responsabilidades Políticas de Navarra/de Pamplona (TRRPN), conservados en el Archivo Real y General de Navarra, así como diversas fuentes hemerográficas, boletines oficiales (del Estado, de la Provincia de Navarra y Eclesiástico del Obispado de Pamplona), al igual que, el seguimiento y reconstrucción de trayectorias personales y reseñas biográficas.

A new type of resonance in the development of sensors using long-range surface exciton polariton (LRSEP) phenomena has been coined: surface exciton plasmon resonance (SEPR). The resonance was obtained in the reflected spectrum of a Kretschmann-Raether setup with a two-coupled-interface structure composed of 412 nm magnesium fluoride and 50 nm chromium thin films. The roles of different parameters such as thicknesses of the films and the incidence angles have been simulated. Some preliminary experimental results show a promising performance with a shift of the resonance central wavelength with changes in the incidence angle of -136.52 nm/° and a sensitivity of 23,221 nm/refractive index unit. This research was funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (PID2019-106231RB-I00, the Institute of Smart Cities PhD Students grantes, the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (FPU18/03087) and Margarita Salas-UPNA program (funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU).

El objeto de este estudio es analizar el contenido de unas memorias inéditas de Tomás Domínguez Arévalo, conde de Rodezno, ministro de Justicia de Franco, completadas con otros documentos sobre su vida política en la época, en particular, la unificación y creación del partido único. La aportación del conde de Rodezno fue clave en la configuración ideológico-jurídica del régimen, en la modificación del ordenamiento jurídico republicano, y en las tensiones producidas por la unificación y las imposiciones totalitarias, la formación y membresías de la Junta política del partido único y, finalmente, en el proceso de separación y distanciamiento carlistas. El conde de Rodezno protagonizó una actitud de colaboración en el inicio y desarrollo de la guerra civil y en el primer gobierno, realizando descripciones mordaces de algunos compañeros, particularmente, de Serrano Suñer. Terminó su participación con el distanciamiento y la crítica del caudillo, el régimen y el partido único. Azterlan honen helburua Tomás Domínguez Arévalo Rodeznoko konde eta Francoren Justizia ministroaren memoria argitaragabeen edukia analizatzea da, haren bizitza politikoari buruzko beste dokumentu batzuekin osatuta, bereziki alderdi bakarraren bateratzeari eta sorrerari buruzkoekin. Rodeznoko kondearen ekarpena funtsezkoa izan zen erregimenaren konfigurazio ideologiko-juridikoan, ordenamendu juridiko errepublikanoaren aldaketan, bateratzeak nahiz inposaketa totalitarioek eragindako tentsioetan, alderdi bakarraren batzorde politikoaren eraketan eta kidetzetan eta, azkenik, karlisten banantze eta urruntze prozesuan. Rodeznoko kondeak lankidetzako jarrera izan zuen gerra zibilaren hasieran, hark iraun bitartean eta lehenbiziko gobernuan, eta kide batzuen deskribapen mingarriak egin zituen, bereziki Serrano Suñerrena. Azkenik, buruzagia, erregimena eta alderdi bakarra kritikatuz eta haiengandik urrunduz amaitu zuen bere parte-hartzea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of unpublished memoirs by Tomás Domínguez Arévalo, Count of Rodezno, Franco's Minister of Justice, completed with other documents on his political life at the time, particularly the unification and creation of the single party. The contribution of the Count of Rodezno was key in the ideological-legal configuration of the regime, in the modification of the republican legal system, and in the tensions produced by the unification and totalitarian impositions, the formation and membership of the Political Board of the single party and, finally, in the process of separation and distancing from the Carlist. The Count of Rodezno carried out an attitude of collaboration at the beginning and development of the civil war and in the first government, making scathing descriptions of some companions, particularly Serrano Suñer. He ended his participation with the distancing and criticism of the caudillo, the regime and the single party.

Los campos de presión acústica son capaces de modelar y levitar partículas de una amplia gama de materiales y tamaños a través del aire, el agua o el tejido biológico. Esto tiene aplicaciones en cristalografía, manipulación celular, escenarios lab-on-a-chip, farmacología, transporte sin contacto e incluso levitación de seres vivos. En general, la investigación de campos de presión acústica ha experimentado avances significativos en los últimos años. Su flexibilidad y sus posibles aplicaciones han aumentado considerablemente con el desarrollo de técnicas holográficas y el uso de optimizadores. Sin embargo, aún hay margen de mejora, ya que las limitaciones dificultan la aplicación de los campos acústicos en diversos escenarios de investigación. Por ejemplo, no existe una plataforma de hardware unificada que motive de forma flexible la investigación exploratoria en aplicaciones de holografía acústica. La mayoría de los dispositivos comerciales o de caseros carecen de la resolución o la potencia que necesitan las personas investigadoras, por lo que tienen que fabricar dispositivos más complejos y caros. Además, investigaciones anteriores se han centrado en la levitación y manipulación de pequeñas partículas y gotas; sin embargo, aún no se ha desarrollado un prototipo completo para la fabricación sin contacto; no existen artículos científicos que estudien el atrapamiento de objetos alargados tanto en posición como en orientación. Además, la microfluídica está limitada en cuanto a la manipulación tridimensional (3D), el tamaño de las gotas y la contaminación cruzada. Esta tesis ofrece una introducción exhaustiva a la optimización de los campos acústicos, repasando su importancia en aplicaciones de múltiples ámbitos de la investigación y la industria. Esta tesis también examina las limitaciones y deficiencias previamente expuestas y presentes en el actual diseño y aplicación de campos acústicos. Se proponen algoritmos novedosos para generar los campos deseados y mejorar significativamente su resolución y potencia mediante multiplexación espacial y temporal. Se presenta una plataforma de hardware abierta y asequible para facilitar la adaptación a los requisitos experimentales de los investigadores que exploran nuevas aplicaciones de los hologramas ultrasónicos. Se diseñan y evalúan trampas acústicas óptimas para manipular elementos alargados controlando su posición y orientación. Se demuestra la fabricación sin contacto utilizando trampas acústicas de piezas alargadas mediante fabricación aditiva basada en partículas levitadas, varillas y resina UV; también se ilustra la adición sobre otros objetos y la construcción dentro de contenedores. Por último, se propone un sistema, destinado a microfluídica 3D, basado en ultrasonidos focalizados a través de una malla hidrófoba. Es sistema es capaz de manejar un gran número de gotas (> 40µL), y capaz de fusionarlas/dividirlas o propulsarlas verticalmente, este sistema mejora significativamente los sistemas EWOD ya existentes generando una menor contaminación superficial. Esta tesis presenta estos logros y sus trabajos relacionados, modelos, metodologías, procedimientos y conclusiones. Espero que estos trabajos supongan un avance significativo en la investigación de los campos acústicos y puedan inspirar y facilitar futuras aplicaciones novedosas de los hologramas acústicos por parte de las personas investigadoras en diversos ámbitos del mundo académico y de la industria. Acoustic pressure fields are capable of patterning and levitating particles of a wide range of materials and sizes through air, water or biological tissue. This has applications in crystallography, cell manipulation, lab-on-a-chip scenarios, pharmacology, containerless transportation and even levitation of living things. Overall, the research domain of acoustic pressure fields has seen significant advances in recent years. Its flexibility and potential applications have been greatly increased with the development of holographic techniques and the use of optimizers. However, there is still room for improvement, as limitations hinder the application of acoustic fields in various research scenarios. For example, there is no unified hardware platform that can flexibly support exploratory research in acoustic holography applications. Most commercial or DIY devices lack the resolution or power that researchers require, so they need to fabricate more complex, cumbersome and expensive devices. Moreover, previous research has focused on the levitation and manipulation of small particles and droplets; however, a full prototype for contactless fabrication has yet to be developed since there is no existing work on trapping elongated objects in position and orientation. Furthermore, microfluidics is limited in terms of three-dimensional (3D) manipulation, droplet size and cross-contamination. This thesis provides a comprehensive introduction to the optimization of acoustic fields, reviewing its importance in applications across multiple research and industry domains. This thesis also examines the previously stated limitations and shortcomings of the design and application of acoustic fields. Novel algorithms are proposed to generate desired target fields and to significantly improve their resolution and power through spatial and temporal multiplexation. An open and affordable hardware platform is presented to facilitate customisation for experimental requirements by researchers exploring novel applications for ultrasonic holograms. Optimum acoustic traps are designed and evaluated to lock elongated elements in position and orientation. Contactless fabrication using full acoustic trapping of elongated parts is demonstrated through additive manufacturing based on levitated particles, sticks and UV resin; the addition on top of other objects and building inside containers is also illustrated. Finally, a 3D digital microfluidics system is proposed based on focused ultrasound through a hydrophobic mesh. Able to handle a large number of liquid droplets (> 40µL), and capable of merging/splitting them or vertically propelling them, this system significantly improves already existing EWOD systems generating less surface contamination. This thesis presents these achievements and their related works, models, methodologies, procedures and conclusions. I hope that these pieces of work are a significant advancement in the research of acoustic fields and may inspire and facilitate future novel applications of acoustic holograms by researchers in various domains of academia and industry. Government of Navarre (FEDER) - 0011-1365-2019-000086, Jóvenes Investigadores UPNA - PJUPNA1923, EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme - Nº 101017746 TOUCHLESS Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias y Tecnologías Industriales (RD 99/2011) Industria Zientzietako eta Teknologietako Doktoretza Programa (ED 99/2011)

This paper studies the monthly expiration effect in the bitcoin markets. The emergence of trading in bitcoin futures in regulated markets is an ideal occasion to test this effect on an asset with singular characteristics. Our results with intraday data show that around the time of maturity there are significant changes in the trading volume, volatility and return of bitcoin, an asset that is traded in many exchanges simultaneously. Therefore, there is a clear expiration effect related to bitcoin futures. The closer to the expiration time (shortly beforehand or afterwards), the more intense these effects are. However, in spite of these general results, the expiration effect is not homogeneous across exchanges and depends on the characteristics of the futures contract in question. Robustness tests are also applied to confirm the results. The increasing participation of institutional investors is consistent with our findings, particularly in relation to the expiration effects of cash-settled futures, as these contracts are more appealing for sophisticated investors who could be interested in arbitrage or speculative processes. Grant PID2019-104304GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 ; Grant RTI2018-093483-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe; Grant S11_20R: Cembe funded by the Government of Aragon and ERDF.

Currently, inverter-based stand-alone microgrids are gaining interest due to the advantages of obtaining energy from renewable sources. To manage the operation, these microgrids include storage systems connected in par- allel to the PCC through electronic inverters that are controlled as voltage sources in order to support the fre- quency and voltage at the PCC. For the purpose of ensuring P and Q sharing among inverters and also the synchronization stability of the microgrid, droop control is widely used, achieving a satisfactory performance in normal operation. Nevertheless, in the presence of overloads or short-circuits, the inverters must limit the current for self-protection, thereby modifying the performance of the system that then becomes prone to suffer transient stability problems. In this paper, first the performance of the inverter-based stand-alone microgrids with the conventional P-f and Iact-f droops is analyzed, obtaining the stability boundaries during current limitation. In order to always ensure the synchronization stability of the system, this paper then proposes the G-f droop that consists in employing the equivalent conductance seen by each inverter for its frequency droop control. Furthermore, as this variable always correctly represents the inverter power angle, the system dynamics are not affected by the operating conditions. The theoretical results have been validated by means of simulation and Hardware-In-the-Loop results, showing the superior performance of the proposed G-f droop This work has been supported by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) under grant PID2019-110956RB-I00/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, and by the Public University of Navarre through a PhD scholarship. Open access funding provided by Public University of Navarre.

Iron (Fe) is an essential plant micronutrient, being a major limiting growth factor in calcareous soils. To increase Fe uptake, plants induce lateral roots growth, the expression of a Fe(III)-chelate reductase (FCR), a Fe(II)-transporter and a H+-ATPase and the secretion of flavins. Furthermore, auxin hormone family is involved in the Fe-deficiency responses but the action mechanism remains elusive. In this work, we evaluated the effect of the auxin-precursor indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) on hydroponically grown Medicago truncatula plants under different Fe conditions. Upon 4-days of Fe starvation, the pH of the nutrient solution decreased, while both the FCR activity and the presence of flavins increased. Exogenous IAOx increased lateral roots growth contributing to superroot phenotype, decreased chlorosis, and delayed up to 3-days the pH-decrease, the FCR-activity increase, and the presence of flavins, compared to Fe-deficient plants. Gene expression levels were in concordance with the physiological responses. Results: showed that IAOx was immediately transformed to IAN in roots and shoots to maintain auxin homeostasis. IAOx plays an active role in iron homeostasis delaying symptoms and responses in Fe-deficient plants. We may speculate that IAOx or its derivatives remobilize Fe from root cells to alleviate Fe-deficiency. Overall, these results point out that the IAOx-derived phenotype may have advantages to overcome nutritional stresses. This work was supported by the Spanish Research Agency [grant AGL2017-83358-R funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”] and the Government of Aragón [grant A09_23R], co-financed with FEDER funds; and the CSIC [grant 2020AEP119] to Y.G. This research was partially supported by [grants AGL2017-52396-P funded from MINECO (co-financed with FEDER funds) and PID-2020-1177 03GB-I00 from the Public University of Navarre] to J.F.M. J.M., M.U. and J.B. were the recipients of pre-doctoral contracts awarded by the Government of Aragon, Government of Navarre, and Public University of Navarre, Spain, respectively. A.R. was hired [grants AGL2017-83358-R and 2020AEP119]. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Gold Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).

To verify the association between the practice of physical activity and dietary patterns and psychological distress before and during the lockdown due to COVID-19, a cross-sectional study was performed with 2000 Brazilians (mean [M] = 35.78 years; standard deviation [SD] = 11.20; 59.6% women) recruited through convenience sampling via digital media. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire containing sociodemographic and clinical information, nutritional patterns, physical activity, and psychological distress. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multinomial regression. Before the COVID-19 lockdown, the chance of women presenting very high stress, in relation to men, was six times higher (OR = 6.32; 95% CI 4.20–9.51), a behavior that remained similar during the lockdown (OR = 6.63; 95% CI 4.40–10.00). Before the lockdown, insufficient physical activity doubled the chance of having very high stress in relation to those who engaged in physical activities six to seven times a week (OR = 2.11; 95% CI 1.10–4.02). However, during the lockdown, this probability was higher, from twice to 10 times the chance (OR = 10.19; 95% CI 4.85–21.41). Not exercising alone (OR = 2.18; 95% CI 1.52–3.11) and a decreasing physical activity frequency (OR = 2.28; 95% CI 1.40–3.71) were also associated with very high stress during the lockdown. Additionally, the consumption of smaller amounts of food showed an inverse association with very high stress (OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.18–0.43). The maintenance of physical activity and an adequate eating frequency are measures that should be considered to cope with higher levels of anxiety and depression.

We present a novel approach to harmonic disturbance removal in single-channel wind turbine acceleration data by means of time-variant signal modeling. Harmonics are conceived as a set of quasi-stationary sinusoids whose instantaneous amplitude and phase vary slowly and continuously in a short-time analysis frame. These non-stationarities in the harmonics are modeled by low-degree time polynomials whose coefficients capture the instantaneous dynamics of the corresponding waveforms. The model is linear-in-parameters and is straightforwardly estimated by the linear least-squares algorithm. Estimates from contiguous analysis frames are further combined in the overlap-add fashion in order to yield overall harmonic disturbance waveform and its removal from the data. The algorithm performance analysis, in terms of input parameter sensitivity and comparison against three state-of-the-art methods, has been carried out with synthetic signals. Further model validation has been accomplished through real-world signals and stabilization diagrams, which are a standard tool for determining modal parameters in many timedomain modal identification algorithms. The results show that the proposed method exhibits a robust performance particularly when only the average rotational speed is known, as is often the case for stand-alone sensors which typically carry out data pre-processing for structural health monitoring. Moreover, for real-world analysis scenarios, we show that the proposed method delivers consistent vibration mode parameter estimates, which can straightforwardly be used for structural health monitoring. This work has been partially funded by Grant TED2021-130646B-I00 (UNDERVINE) by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR and by Grant PC044-045 (CUALVID) by Gobierno de Navarra (0011-1383-2022-000000). F. J. Abad is a beneficiary of the postgraduate scholarship funded by INIA (FPI-INIA-2016).

Fuzzy measure-based aggregations allow taking interactions among coalitions of the input sources into account. Their main drawback when applying them in real-world problems, such as combining classifier ensembles, is how to define the fuzzy measure that governs the aggregation and specifies the interactions. However, their usage for combining classifiers has shown its advantage. The learning of the fuzzy measure can be done either in a supervised or unsupervised manner. This paper focuses on supervised approaches. Existing supervised approaches are designed to minimize the mean squared error cost function, even for classification problems. We propose a new fuzzy measure learning algorithm for combining classifiers that can optimize any cost function. To do so, advancements from deep learning frameworks are considered such as automatic gradient computation. Therefore, a gradient-based method is presented together with three new update policies that are required to preserve the monotonicity constraints of the fuzzy measures. The usefulness of the proposal and the optimization of cross-entropy cost are shown in an extensive experimental study with 58 datasets corresponding to both binary and multi-class classification problems. In this framework, the proposed method is compared with other state-of-the-art methods for fuzzy measure learning. Mikel Uriz has been supported by the CDTI and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Neotec 2021 (SNEO-20211147). This work was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under project PID2019-108392 GB-I00 (AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and by the Public University of Navarre under project PJUPNA25-2022.

The relaxation of the property of monotonicity is a trend in the theory of aggregation and fusion functions and several generalized forms of monotonicity have been introduced, most of which are based on the notion of directional monotonicity. In this paper, we propose a general framework for generalized monotonicity that encompasses the different forms of monotonicity that we can find in the literature. Additionally, we introduce various new forms of monotonicity that are not based on directional monotonicity. Specifically, we introduce dilative monotonicity, which requires that the function increases when the inputs have increased by a common factor, and a general form of monotonicity that is dependent on a function T and a subset of the domain Z. This two new generalized monotonicities are the basis to propose a set of different forms of monotonicity. We study the particularities of each of the new proposals and their links to the previous relaxed forms of monotonicity. We conclude that the introduction of dilative monotonicity complements the conditions of weak monotonicity for fusion functions and that (T,Z)-monotonicity yields a condition that is slightly stronger than weak monotonicity. Finally, we present an application of the introduced notions of monotonicity in sentiment analysis. This work has been funded by the Spanish ministry MCIN, with the project PID2019-108392GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, by the Public University of Navarra under the project PJUPNA25-2022 and by the grant APVV-18-0052 by the Slovak Research and Development Agency. Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra.

We present a novel approach to harmonic disturbance removal in single-channel wind turbine acceleration data by means of time-variant signal modeling. Harmonics are conceived as a set of quasi-stationary sinusoids whose instantaneous amplitude and phase vary slowly and continuously in a short-time analysis frame. These non-stationarities in the harmonics are modeled by low-degree time polynomials whose coefficients capture the instantaneous dynamics of the corresponding waveforms. The model is linear-in-parameters and is straightforwardly estimated by the linear least-squares algorithm. Estimates from contiguous analysis frames are further combined in the overlap-add fashion in order to yield overall harmonic disturbance waveform and its removal from the data. The algorithm performance analysis, in terms of input parameter sensitivity and comparison against three state-of-the-art methods, has been carried out with synthetic signals. Further model validation has been accomplished through real-world signals and stabilization diagrams, which are a standard tool for determining modal parameters in many time-domain modal identification algorithms. The results show that the proposed method exhibits a robust performance particularly when only the average rotational speed is known, as is often the case for stand-alone sensors which typically carry out data pre-processing for structural health monitoring. Moreover, for real-world analysis scenarios, we show that the proposed method delivers consistent vibration mode parameter estimates, which can straightforwardly be used for structural health monitoring. This work has been supported by the Spanish Research Agency under grant AEI/FEDER, PID2019-107258RB-C32, and also by the Government of Navarre (Dpt. Of Economic and Business Development) under grant 0011-1365-2021-000159.

A wavelength-switchable L-band erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) assisted by an artificially controlled backscattering (ACB) fiber reflector is here presented. This random reflector was inscribed by femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing on the axial axis of a multimode fiber with 50 um core and 125 um cladding with a length of 17 mm. This microstructure was placed inside a surgical syringe to be positioned in the center of a high-precision rotation mount to accurately control its angle of rotation. Only by rotating this mount, three different output spectra were obtained: a single wavelength lasing centered at 1574.75 nm, a dual wavelength lasing centered at 1574.75 nm and 1575.75 nm, and a single wavelength lasing centered at 1575.5 nm. All of them showed an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of around 60 dB when pumped at 300 mW. This work was financed by the program “José Castillejo para estancias de movilidad en el extranjero de jóvenes doctores”, funded by the Ministerio de Universidades of Spain (reference CAS21/00351); the Spanish AEI projects PID2019-107270RB, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER “A way to make Europe”, and projects PDC2021-121172 and TED2021-130378B funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union “Next generation EU”/PTR. Finally, the work was also founded by the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte of Spain (PhD grant FPU2018/02797).

A water flow and velocity aluminum-coated Fiber Bragg Grating sensor system for open channels was designed, simulated and tested. The sensing head was designed, ruggedized and customized to measure velocities at different depths, in order to calculate the discharge in open channels. This paper shows, for the first time to our knowledge, the simulation of such kind of fiber sensors in open channels. This work was supported in part by projects PID2019-107270RB-C02, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER “A way to make Europe”, and TED2021-130378B-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union “Next generation EU”/PTR.

In this work a new strategy to improve the sensitivity of refractometers based on lossy-mode resonances has been proved. The proximity of the PFA (tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro polymer) substrate refractive index to that of water has permitted to implement an optical refractometer with a sensitivity of 41,034 nm per refractive index unit (nm/RIU) for refractive indices ranging from 1.3318 to 1.3347. The work is supported with both theoretical and experimental results. This high sensitivity can be used for the development of LMR based chemical sensors and biosensors, where a low limit of detection is required, with the additional advantage of a simple disposable planar configuration. This work was supported in part by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2019-106231RB-100 and PID2019-106070RB-100 research funds), by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, Torres Quevedo program PTQ2018-010221, by the Government of Navarre through its projects with references: 0011-1365-2022-000241 and PC058-059, and by the pre-doctoral research grant of the Public University of Navarra.

Purpose The CArdiovascular Risk in patients with DIAbetes in Navarra (CARDIANA cohort) cohort was established to assess the effects of sociodemographic and clinical variables on the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes, with a special focus on socioeconomic factors, and to validate and develop cardiovascular risk models for these patients. Participants The CARDIANA cohort included all patients with T1D and T2D diabetes registered in the Public Health Service of Navarra with prevalent disease on 1 January 2012. It consisted of 1067 patients with T1D (ages 2–88 years) and 33842 patients with T2D (ages 20–105 years), whose data were retrospectively extracted from the Health and Administrative System Databases. Findings to date The follow-up period for wave 1 was from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2016. During these 5 years, 9 patients (0.8%; 95%CI (0.4% to 1.6%)) in the T1D cohort developed a cardiovascular disease event, whereas for the T2D cohort, 2602 (7.7%; 95%CI (7.4% to 8.0%)) had an event. For the T2D cohort, physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events, with adjusted estimated ORs equal to 0.84 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.07) for the partially active group and 0.71 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.91) for the active group, compared with patients in the non-active group. Future plans The CARDIANA cohort is currently being used to assess the effect of sociodemographic risk factors on CV risk at 5 years and to externally validate cardiovascular predictive models. A second wave is being conducted in late 2022 and early 2023, to extend the follow-up other 5 years, from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2021. Periodic data extractions are planned every 5 years. This work has received funding from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through grant PI15/02196 and via the CONCEPT project (grants PI19/00154, PI19/00381). It has also received funding from REDISSEC RD16/0001/0014 and RICAPPS RD21/0016/0016, two Spanish Networks supported by Carlos III Health Institute and the European Regional Development Funding (FEDER).

El son jarocho es una práctica musical que, en la actualidad, se ejecuta al sur del estado de Veracruz y en algunas localidades de Oaxaca y Tabasco (México). Está compuesto por instrumentos de cuerda, percusiones, danza de tarima y canto, los cuales, en su conjunto, nos dejan entrever el sincretismo de sus orígenes indígena, africano e hispano. El repertorio del son jarocho es amplio y su contenido relata desde hechos cotidianos hasta situaciones fantásticas, permitiéndonos acceder a través de la escucha a una parte de la memoria colectiva y los imaginarios sociales que se encuentran reflejados en la lírica. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar cómo el personaje de la Llorona aún se encuentra inserto en parte de la memoria colectiva y cómo las construcciones del imaginario social le han permitido adaptarse a diferentes contextos sociohistóricos, asegurando su supervivencia hasta el siglo XXI. Son jarocho gaur egun Veracruzeko estatuaren hegoaldean eta Oaxacako eta Tabascoko herri batzuetan egiten den musika mota bat da (Mexikon). Hari-instrumentuek, perkusioek, oholtzako dantzak eta kantuek osatzen dute, eta horiek guztiek agerian uzten dute beren jatorri indigena, afrikar eta hispanoaren sinkretismoa. Son jarocho delakoaren errepertorioa zabala da, eta denetik adierazten du: eguneroko gertaerak, baina baita fantasiazko egoerak ere. Horrela, musika hori entzunez, memoria kolektiboaren parte baten eta lirikan islatuta dauden iruditeria sozialen berri izateko aukera ematen digu. Beraz, artikulu honek hauxe du helburua: erakustea Lloronaren pertsonaia memoria kolektiboaren parte batean txertatua dagoela oraindik, eta iruditeria sozialak testuinguru soziohistoriko desberdinetara egokitzeko aukera emanda, bizirik dagoela XXI. mendean ere. The son jarocho is a musical practice that is currently performed in the south of Veracruz and in some towns in Oaxaca and Tabasco, Mexico. It is made up of string instruments, percussion, stage dance and singing, which as a whole allows us to glimpse the syncretism of its Indigenous, African and Hispanic origins. The repertoire of the son jarocho is wide and its content narrates from everyday events to fantasy situations, allowing us to access through listening to part of the collective memory and social imaginaries that are reflected on the lyrics. Therefore, the objective of this article is to show how the character of La Llorona is still inserted in part of the collective memory and how the constructions of the social imaginary have allowed her to adapt to different sociohistorical contexts, ensuring her survival until the 21st century.

Agriculture has increased the release of reactive nitrogen to the environment due to crops' low nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) after the application of nitrogen-fertilisers. Practices like the use of stabilized-fertilisers with nitrification inhibitors such as DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) have been adopted to reduce nitrogen losses. Otherwise, cover crops can be used in crop-rotation-strategies to reduce soil nitrogen pollution and benefit the following culture. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) could be a good candidate as it is drought tolerant and its culture can reduce nitrogen losses derived from nitrification because it exudates biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs). This work aimed to evaluate the effect of fallow-wheat and sorghum cover crop-wheat rotations on N2O emissions and the grain yield of winter wheat crop. In addition, the suitability of DMPP addition was also analyzed. The use of sorghum as a cover crop might not be a suitable option to mitigate nitrogen losses in the subsequent crop. Although sorghum–wheat rotation was able to reduce 22% the abundance of amoA, it presented an increment of 77% in cumulative N2O emissions compared to fallow–wheat rotation, which was probably related to a greater abundance of heterotrophic-denitrification genes. On the other hand, the application of DMPP avoided the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and maintained the N2O emissions at the levels of unfertilized-soils in both rotations. As a conclusion, the use of DMPP would be recommendable regardless of the rotation since it maintains NH4+ in the soil for longer and mitigates the impact of the crop residues on nitrogen soil dynamics. This work was supported by the Spanish Government (RTI2018-094623-B-C21 and C22 MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and the Basque Government (IT-932-16). Dr. Adrián Bozal-Leorri held a grant from the Basque Government (PRE-2020-2-0142). Dr. Mario Corrochano-Monsalve held a grant from the Ministry of Economy and Business of the Spanish Government (BES-2016-076725).

El uso de concentrados proteínas lácteas como ingredientes alimentarios va en aumento debido a su alto valor nutricional y funcional. Una buena estrategia para la obtención de estos concentrados es la filtración por membranas, ya que permite separar y concentrar componentes concretos de la leche, pero manteniendo su estructura nativa. Este es el caso de los concentrados (MCC) o aislados de caseína micelar (MCI), los cuales han sido parcialmente separados de las proteínas del suero, lactosa y minerales solubles y finalmente secados por pulverización. Sin embargo, estos concentrados proteicos en polvo deben dispersarse y disolverse para desempeñar su función como ingredientes alimentarios, lo cual presenta un problema debido a su difícil reconstitución. Como alternativa, su manejo en forma líquida supondría una importante ventaja competitiva, pero se debe tener en cuenta que su manipulación en forma líquida los hace altamente vulnerables al deterioro microbiológico y a otros tipos de alteraciones. Por todo ello, en esta Tesis Doctoral se ha explorado el comportamiento y estabilidad de estos concentrados líquidos tratados por altas presiones; así como, su combinación con una barrera adicional antibacteriana como es la nisina. También se ha recurrido a esta tecnología no térmica para tratar mezclas de bases lácteas para la elaboración de yogures con alto contenido en proteína. Además, en las instalaciones de FrieslandCampina Innovation Centre (Wageningen, Países Bajos), se ha profundizado en el estudio del efecto de las sales secuestrantes, concretamente el hexametafosfato de sodio (SHMP) y citrato trisódico (TSC), sobre soluciones de MCI, así como en el efecto que tiene el SHMP sobre estas soluciones cuando son tratadas térmicamente y su estabilidad en el tiempo. En cuanto a los hallazgos más relevantes, indicar que el tratamiento de los concentrados de caseína micelar líquidos (LMCC) a 600 MPa durante 5 minutos ha conseguido garantizar la calidad microbiana, sin embargo, a esas altas presiones se producen procesos de fraccionamiento y reagrupación en las estructuras micelares que repercuten en la textura final. No obstante, se ha visto que la adición de nisina a los LMCC permite reducir la presión aplicada a 450 MPa alcanzado los niveles de reducción microbiana obtenidos a 600 MPa, pero sin afectar las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los concentrados. Respecto a los yogures elaborados con LMCC tratados tanto térmicamente como por altas presiones, se ha comprobado que ambos han presentado gran capacidad de retención de agua y firmeza, pero se han observado diferencias entre los dos tratamientos en cuanto a la viscosidad del yogur (batido), resaltando la potencialidad del tratamiento no térmico. Como aspectos relevantes de las investigaciones con MCI, se ha comprobado que ambas sales secuestrantes (TSC y SHMP) inducen la disrupción de la micela de caseína, pero su modo de acción es distinto. Así pues, se ha hipotetizado que TSC forma complejos solubles de Ca-Citrato solubilizando el fosfato inorgánico de la micela, mientras que SHMP actúa como agente peptizante induciendo a la disrupción del fosfato cálcico micelar, pero no solubilizándolo. Además, cuando el SHMP es añadido a una solución de MCI y calentado a distintas combinaciones de temperatura y tiempo, simulando las condiciones industriales, se produce una hidrólisis del SHMP que provoca un descenso acusado del pH y de la viscosidad. No obstante, estas soluciones con SHMP han mostrado muy buena estabilidad durante su almacenamiento, demostrando su capacidad como agente estabilizante. The use of milk protein concentrates as ingredients is increasing due to their excellent functional and nutritional value. A good strategy for obtaining these concentrates is the use of membrane filtration as it allows to separate and concentrate specific compounds of milk maintaining their native structure. This is the case of micellar casein concentrates (MCC) or isolates (MCI), which have been partially separated from whey proteins, lactose and soluble minerals and finally spray-dried. However, these powder protein concentrates have to be dispersed and dissolved before their use to perform their function as food ingredients, which presents a problem due to their difficult reconstitution. Alternatively, their use in liquid form would provide an important completive advantage, nevertheless, their handling in liquid form makes them highly vulnerable to microbiological spoilage and other alterations. This dissertation, therefore, set out to explore the behaviour and stability of these liquid concentrates treated by high-pressure processing as well as their combination with an antibacterial such as nisin. This non-thermal technology has also been used to treat dairy bases for high-protein content yogurt manufacture. In addition, during the predoctoral stay carried out in FrieslandCampina Innovation Centre (Wageningen, The Netherlands), it has been studied in depth the effect of sequestering salts: sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and trisodium citrate (TSC) on MCI solutions, as well as the heat-induced changes of SHMP on MCI and their stability over time. Concerning the most relevant findings, the treatment of liquid micellar casein concentrates (LMCC) at 600 MPa for 5 minutes managed to guarantee microbial quality; however, at these high pressures, fractionation and regrouping processes occurred in the micellar structures that affected the final texture. It was also found that the addition of nisin to LMCC allowed reducing the pressure applied to 450 MPa reaching a similar microbial reduction level that the one obtained at 600 MPa but without affecting the physicochemical properties of the concentrates. Concerning the yogurts made with LMCC treated both thermally and by high pressure, it was found that both showed high water retention capacity and firmness, and the differences were observed between the two treatments in terms of yogurt viscosity (stirred), highlighting the potential of the non-thermal treatment. As the most relevant findings of the research carried out with MCI, it has been demonstrated that both sequestering salts induced the micelle disruption but their mechanism differed. Thus, it has been hypothesized that TSC forms soluble Ca-Citrate complexes by solubilizing the inorganic phosphate in the micelle, while SHMP acts as a peptizing agent inducing the disruption of micellar calcium phosphate, but not solubilizing it. Furthermore, when SHMP was added to an MCI solution and heated at different combinations of temperature and time, simulating industrial conditions, hydrolysis of SHMP occurred resulting in a marked decrease in pH and viscosity. However, these solutions with SHMP showed very good stability during storage, demonstrating its ability as a stabilizing agent. Para la realización de esta tesis doctoral, Arantza García obtuvo una ayuda predoctoral otorgada por el Instituto de Investigación IS-FOOD, adscrito a la Universidad Pública de Navarra (Resolución 1385/2017), así como dos ayudas para la realización de la estancia predoctoral otorgadas por el Gobierno de Navarra (Nº expediente: 0011-35642021-000015) y por Erasmus+ (CampusIberus), y que tuvo lugar en FrieslandCampina Innovation Centre, Wageningen (Países Bajos). La primera parte de este trabajo (Block 1) se incluye en el proyecto de investigación OPTICASEINAPPLY (Nº expediente: 0011-1365-2017-000173), financiado por el Gobierno de Navarra (Servicio de Innovación del Departamento de Desarrollo Económico del Gobierno de Navarra). Programa de Doctorado en Agroalimentación (RD 99/2011) Nekazaritzako Elikagaietako Doktoretza Programa (ED 99/2011)

The problem of finding a utility function for a semiorder has been studied since 1956, when the notion of semiorder was introduced by Luce. But few results on continuity and no result like Debreu’s Open Gap Lemma, but for semiorders, was found. In the present paper, we characterize semiorders that accept a continuous representation (in the sense of Scott–Suppes). Two weaker theorems are also proved, which provide a programmable approach to Open Gap Lemma, yield a Debreu’s Lemma for semiorders, and enable us to remove the open-closed and closed-open gaps of a set of reals while keeping the threshold. Asier Estevan acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under grants PID2020-119703RB-I00 and PID2021-127799NB-I00 as well as from the UPNA, Spain under grant JIUPNA19-2022.

The adsorption phenomenon has been used extensively to achieve and explain solid-state reactions, control contamination, and purify liquids and gases. This process implies the use of a porous medium or a material with specific adsorption centers where the interactions with the reagents occur. Determination of the properties of adsorbent or catalyst materials that do not contain specific adsorption sites by physical gas adsorption is a well-established procedure in most research and quality-control laboratories. However, characterizing the specific centers by selective adsorption—chemisorption—remains an open question for discussion and study. The specific centers involved are often acidic/basic and metallic; in most cases, reagents are adsorbed and desorbed in these centers, whose determination allows controlling the processes and comparing the materials. The techniques and procedures presented herein facilitate the evaluation and the qualitative and quantitative determination of the surface properties of the materials using chemisorption processes for metallic and acidic/basic sites. The aim of this work is to review these techniques and procedures, including the updates published by several researchers, who mostly strive to explain the results of bifunctional metallic and acid–base catalytic behavior. The author is grateful for financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AEI/MINECO) and Government of Navarra through projects PID2020-112656RB-C21 and 0011-3673-2021-000004. Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra . AG also thanks Santander Bank for funding via the Research Intensification Program.

Entre las estrategias para manejar la disfagia orofaríngea (DO) asociada a la parálisis cerebral (PC) se incluye la alimentación basada en platos de textura modificada (PTM). Si bien se han realizado diversos estudios sobre alimentos particulares, poco se sabe sobre las características de los PTM desde el punto de vista analítico y tecnológico. Por ello, los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron (1) establecer las características texturales de los PTM destinados a la DO, (2) desarrollar un método para elaborar PTM orientados a la DO asociada a la PC y (3) definir las características sensoriales y la aceptabilidad de los PTM orientados a la PC. Finalmente, se consideró oportuno (4) efectuar una revisión bibliográfica sobre los métodos instrumentales y sensoriales de uso frecuente en el análisis textural de los alimentos destinados a la DO con objeto de identificar los más adecuados para los ámbitos clínico y tecnológico. Para la caracterización instrumental de los PTM aptos para la DO, se recurrió al análisis mediante viscosímetro y texturómetro a diferentes velocidades. Para el diseño de los PTM orientados a la DO asociada a la PC, se desarrolló un método de cocinado, triturado y mezclado con aditivos alimentarios para que fueran termoestables y de mayor vida útil. Se texturizaron 5 platos habituales en la dieta de personas con PC y se analizaron instrumentalmente con texturómetro (5 mm/s) y mediante un análisis sensorial descriptivo con logopedas expertas en DO. También se evaluó la aceptación por personas afectadas con DO y PC y la caracterización general y particular de cada PTM recurriendo a jueces no expertos, consumidores, mediante el método Check-all-thatapply (CATA). En cuanto a la revisión sistemática, se aplicó el método PRISMA. Se estableció una clasificación de la viscosidad y la textura en tres niveles de PTM. Se generaron 5 PTM clasificados como aptos por las logopedas expertas en DO siendo sus características principales: bajos niveles de firmeza, adhesividad y restos, valores medios de cohesividad y altos de fluidez y puntuación de aptitud de deglución. Además, fueron aceptados por personas con DO y PC. Se identificaron atributos para definir de forma general o particular los diferentes platos. Por último, se propusieron métodos y sus parámetros para diferentes tipos de alimentos para la disfagia, sólidos, semisólidos o líquidos. Es necesario seguir investigando y generando nuevos PTM con características nutricionales y organolépticas adecuadas los requerimientos de las personas con DO asociada a la PC. Para ello será necesario desarrollar métodos de caracterización estandarizados, de manera consensuada y multidisciplinar, con el fin de facilitar el trabajo en la industria de alimentos para la DO y en los campos clínicos y de la investigación. Strategies to manage oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) associated with cerebral palsy (CP) include feeding based on texture-modified dishes (TMD). Although several studies have been conducted on specific foods, little is known about the characteristics of TMDs from an analytical and technological point of view. Therefore, the objectives of the present tesis were (1) to establish the textural characteristics of TMDs intended for DO, (2) to develop a method to elaborate DOoriented TMDs associated with CP, and (3) to define the sensory characteristics and acceptability of CP-oriented TMDs. Finally, it was considered opportune (4) to carry out a literatura review of the instrumental and sensory methods frequently used in the textural analysis of foods intended for OD in order to identify the most suitable ones for the clinical and technological fields. For the instrumental characterization of TMDs suitable for OD, it resorted to viscometer and texturometer analysis at different speeds. For the design of CP-associated OD-oriented TMDs, a method of cooking, grinding and mixing with food additives was developed to make them thermostable and with a longer shelf life. Five dishes commonly found in the diet of people with CP were texturized and analyzed instrumentally with a texturometer (5 mm/s) and by descriptive sensory analysis with expert OD speech therapists. Acceptance by people affected with OD and CP and the general and particular characterization of each TMD were also evaluated using nonexpert judges, consumers, by means of the Check-all-that-apply (CATA) method. As for the systematic review, the PRISMA method was applied. A classification of viscosity and texture into three levels of TMD was established. Five TMDs were generated and classified as suitable by the expert in OD speech therapists, their main characteristics being: low levels of firmness, adhesiveness and residue, medium values of cohesiveness and high values of fluidity and suitable texture score. In addition, they were accepted by people with OD and CP. Attributes were identified to define in a general or particular way the different dishes. Finally, methods and their parameters were proposed for different types of dysphagia foods, solid, semisolid or liquid. It is necessary to continue researching and generating new TMDs with nutritional and organoleptic characteristics appropriate to the requirements of people with CP-associated OD. This will require the development of standardized characterization methods, in a consensual and multidisciplinary way, in order to facilitate the work in the OD food industry and in the clinical and research fields. Las actividades investigadoras de la presente tesis doctoral se han realizado en el marco del proyecto de 'Platos de Base Proteica Texturizados, Nutritivos, Saludables y Adaptados a la Disfagia' (código expediente 0011-1365-2017-000132), Ayudas para la realización de proyectos de I+D, 2017-2019 (Departamento de Desarrollo Económico, Gobierno de Navarra), cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) a través del programa Operativo FEDER 2014-2020 de Navarra. Contrato predoctoral Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) y Fundación Bancaria Caja Navarra (FBCAN). Programa de Doctorado en Agroalimentación (RD 99/2011) Nekazaritzako Elikagaietako Doktoretza Programa (ED 99/2011)

En este artículo se abordará el fenómeno de la guerrilla antifranquista desde dos perspectivas. Por un lado, la de género, centrándonos en las mujeres que colaboraron de una forma u otra con la guerrilla antifranquista y, por otro, desde el punto de vista de la represión, mostrando la violencia que el régimen ejerció sobre las mujeres a las que procesó a través de los tribunales militares por delitos relacionados con la resistencia armada. Para ello, se utilizará la provincia de Albacete como marco para el análisis y la agrupación guerrillera que actuó en ella. Como fuentes, principalmente se utilizará la documentación militar que encausó a diferentes mujeres. Pero, dentro de todas las procesadas por colaborar con la guerrilla, nos centraremos en un fenómeno específico: aquellas que fueron encarceladas por motivos que se encontraban dentro de la esfera privada y por actuar como el régimen esperaba de ellas: ser buenas madres, esposas e hijas. Artikulu honetan gerrilla antifrankistaren fenomenoa aztertuko dugu bi ikuspegitatik. Alde batetik, genero ikuspegitik aztertuko dugu, modu batera edo bestera gerrilla antifrankistarekin kolaboratu zuten emakumeei arreta emanez, eta, beste alde batetik, errepresioaren ikuspegiari helduko diogu, erregimenak erresistentzia armatuarekin lotutako delituengatik auzitegi militarren bidez prozesatu zituen emakumeen kontra erabili zuen indarkeriari erreparatuta. Horretarako, Albacete probintzia eta bertan jardun zen gerrilla-taldea erabiliko dira analisi eremu moduan. Iturri nagusiak zenbait emakume auzipetzeko erabili ziren dokumentu militarrak izanen dira. Ordea, gerrillarekin kolaboratzeagatik prozesatutakoen artean, fenomeno espezifiko bati emanen diogu arreta: esfera pribatuko arrazoiengatik espetxeratuen kasuari. Izan ere, gerrillari laguntzen zioten emakume batzuk, paradoxikoki, erregimenak haiengandik espero zuen bezala jokatzegatik espetxeratu zituzten, hau da, ama, emazte eta alaba on izateagatik. This article will address the phenomenon of the anti-Franco guerrilla from two perspectives. On the one hand, that of gender, focusing on the women who collaborated in one way or another with the anti-Franco guerrilla, and on the other, from the point of view of repression, showing the violence that the regime exerted on the women whom prosecuted through military courts for crimes related to armed resistance. In order to do so, the province of Albacete will be used as the framework for the analysis and the guerrilla group that acted in it. As sources, mainly the military documentation that prosecuted different women will be used. But among all those prosecuted for collaborating with the guerrillas, we will focus on a specific phenomenon: those who were imprisoned for reasons that were within the private sphere and for acting as the regime expected of them: being good mothers, wives, and daughters. Esta investigación ha sido realizada en el marco del Seminario de Estudios de Franquismo y Transición (Seft) de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, y financiada por el proyecto ‘La violencia política en Castilla-La Mancha durante la guerra civil y la dictadura franquista (1936-1946): del terror a la cárcel’ (Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, referencia clm21-pic-022).

New Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) applications will increase air traffic densities in metropolitan regions. Collision avoidance systems (CAS) are a key component in integrating a high number of UAS into the airspace in a safe way. This paper presents a distributed, autonomous, and knowledge-based CAS, called Dronetology System (DroS), for UASs. The CAS proposed here is managed using a novel ontology, called Dronetology-cas, which allows to make autonomous decisions according to the knowledge inferred from the data gathered by the UAS. DroS is deployed as part of the payload of the UAS. So, it is designed to run in an embedded platform with limited processing capacity and low battery consumption. DroS collects data from sensors and collaborative elements to make smart decisions using knowledge obtained from collaborative UASs, adapting the maneuvers of the aerial vehicles to their original flight plans, their kind of vehicle, and the collision scenario. DroS accountability involves recording its internal operation to assist with reconstructing the circumstances surrounding an autonomous maneuver or the details previous to a collision. DroS has been verified using the hardware in the loop (HIL) technique with a UAS traffic environment simulator. Results obtained show a significant improvement in terms of safety by avoiding collisions. This work has been supported in part by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) under the research grant RTI2018-095499-B-C31 IoTrain; in part by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR PLEC2021-007997: Holistic power lines predictive maintenance system; and in part by the Government of Navarre (Departamento de Desarrollo Económico) under the research grants 0011-1411-2021-000021 EMERAL: Emergency UAVs for long range operations, 0011-1365-2020-000078 DIVA, and 0011-1411-2021-000025 MOSIC: Plataforma logística de largo alcance, eléctrica y conectada.

A large body of literature has supported the idea that both food-intrinsic sensory attributes (e.g., taste, aroma, etc.) and food-extrinsic attributes (e.g., origin, health claims etc.) play a crucial role in consumers’ purchase intentions. However, it is still uncertain how the presence of health claims in the era of high prevalence of diseases and viruses (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) might impact sensory attributes, and therefore shape consumers’ purchase intentions. Thus, the aim of the study is to (i) investigate the impact of health claims presented to the consumers along with the sensory attributes on their purchasing intentions, and (ii) examine to what extent sensory attributes mediate the relationship between the presence of health claims and consumers’ purchasing intentions. For that purpose, sensory analysis of a healthy food product (extra virgin olive oil (EVOO)) was conducted to examine consumers’ interest in health claims in two scenarios: an informed scenario without health claims (n = 102) and an informed scenario with health claims (n = 105). The findings from a Structural Equation Model using STATA software suggest that the presence of health claims positively affects purchase intentions for EVOO. The sensory attributes taste and aftertaste partially mediate the relationship between the presence of health claims and consumers’ purchasing intentions. Furthermore, consumers rated the sensory attributes higher in the presence of health claims. Therefore, the food industry should focus on ways to improve consumers’ sensory and health perspectives by producing not only healthier food products with health claims but also tastier products than the ones available in the market. Moreover, food companies and marketers can make health claims more effective by targeting consumers’ preferences and developing marketing campaigns using claims that are essential for promoting extra-virgin olive oil. This work was supported by the European Union's H2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 801586, and from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) RTI2018-093791-B-C21 (MCIU, AEI/FEDER, UE). Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra.

This paper presents a design methodology that significantly increases the peak power handling capability (PPHC) of microstrip filters. The PPHC is limited in microstrip technology by the corona effect: a physical phenomenon caused by the ionization of the air under the presence of strong electric fields around the planar circuit. Microstrip filters with a low electric field strength in the air increases the corona threshold level, resulting in high PPHC. Conventional stepped impedance (SI) filters, which consist of cascaded step-shaped elements, exhibit sharp discontinuities. These geometric edges amplify the electric field strength in the air, consequently reducing the corona threshold. Our research group has recently reported a new synthesis technique that introduces a smooth-profile (SP) conductor strip. This SP strip eliminates any sharp discontinuities and significantly reduces the strength of the electric field. This paper focuses on the examination of the high power performance of 7th-order SP and SI low-pass filters. The cut-off frequency (fc) for both types of filters is set at 447.45 MHz, while the frequency for maximum stop-band rejection (fo) is 1 GHz. The findings indicate that the SP filter shows a notable enhancement in peak power handling capability (PPHC), with gains of 2.48 dB and 4.80 dB observed at critical pressure and ambient pressure, respectively. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación — Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) under Project PID2020-112545RB-C53. Jamil Ahmad also acknowledges the funding received through the PRE2018-085491 grant.

Esta tesis presenta técnicas innovadoras de baja tensión, baja potencia y baja frecuencia utilizadas para diseñar nuevos bloques de circuitos (como amplificadores, filtros y convertidores RMS-DC) adecuados para aplicaciones en el internet de las cosas (IoT: Internet of Things) con restricciones de energía y área. La tesis esta estructurada de la siguiente manera: primero, se presentan técnicas básicas de diseño de dispositivos y circuitos para operación en bajo voltaje, baja potencia, baja frecuencia y bajo ruido, que más tarde se utilizan para diseñar bloques circuitales adecuados para aplicaciones IoT en entornos con energía y área restringida. Los bloques circuitales presentados están adaptados para aplicaciones de baja tensión y baja potencia, así como para operar en frecuencias ultrabajas, haciendo uso de técnicas de eficiencia energética como transistores de puerta cuasi-flotante (QFG: Quasy-Floating Gate), polarización adaptativa para obtener eficiencia en corriente mediante sequidores de voltage volteado (FVF: Flipped Voltage Follower), o la técnica de bootstrapping para obtener grandes constantes de tiempo RC con área reducida, entre otros. Los circuitos propuestos son validados experimentalmente y comparados con anteriores publicaciones relevantes de circuitos similares, para demostrar su desempeño competitivo. La tesis presenta filtros basados en SSF de clase AB simples y energéticamente eficientes que aprovechan los beneficios de los transistores QFG; un convertidor RMS-DC de dos cuadrantes compacto basado en una novedosa celda elevadora al cuadrado/divisora (S/D: Squarer/Divider) con lazos translineales MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) electrónicamente simulados (ES-MTL: Electronically Simulated- MOS Translinear) y polarización adaptativa basada en FVF, que logra una alta simetría y rango dinámico; finalmente, se desarrolla una familia de amplificadores de corriente alterna (AC: Alternate Current) de frecuencia ultra baja haciendo uso de la transformación de red basada en nullores y la técnica de bootstrapping para reducir la frecuencia de corte de paso alto basada en una constante de tiempo RC. Aprovechando aún más la versatilidad de la representación de circuitos basada en nullores, se desarrolla una versión simplificada de una nueva topología de amplificador AC de frecuencia ultrabaja, eficiente en potencia área y ruido. Los circuitos propuestos se han fabricado utilizando diferentes tecnologías CMOS estándar (130 nm y 180 nm) y se proporcionan resultados de medidas experimentales, así como análisis teóricos para caracterizar adecuadamente el rendimiento de cada circuito propuesto y probar todo su potencial e idoneidad para entornos de baja potencia, bajo ruido y baja frecuencia. This thesis presents innovative low-voltage, low-power and low-frequency techniques used to design novel circuit blocks (such as amplifiers, filters and RMS-to-DC converters) suitable for energy and area constrained IoT applications. The thesis is structured as follows: first, basic device and circuit level design techniques for lowvoltage, low-power, low-frequency and low-noise operation are presented, which are latter used to design circuit blocks suitable for IoT applications in power and area restricted environments. The presented circuit blocks are adapted for low-voltage, low-power applications as well as ultra-low-frequency operation, making use of power efficient techniques such as Quasy-Floating Gate (QFG) transistors, adaptive biasing for current efficiency through Flipped Voltage Follower (FVF) or bootstrapping technique to obtain large RC time constants with reduced area, among others. The proposed circuits are experimentally validated and compared to previous relevant publications of similar circuits to prove their competitive performance. The thesis presents simple and power efficient class AB SSF-based filters exploiting the benefits of QFG transistors; a compact two-quadrant RMS-to-DC converter based on a novel Squarer/Divider cell with Electronically-Simulated MOS Translinear Loop (ES-MTL) and FVF-based adaptive biasing achieving high symmetry and dynamic range; finally, a family of ultra-low frequency AC Amplifiers is developed making use of nullor-based network transformation and bootstrapping technique to reduce RC time constant-based high-pass corner frequency. Further exploiting the versatility of nullor based circuit representation, a simplified power-, area- and noise-efficient version of a novel ultra-low frequency AC amplifier topology is developed. The proposed circuits have been fabricated using different standard CMOS technologies (130 nm and 180 nm) and experimental measurement results are provided, as well as theoretical analyses to properly characterize the performance of each proposed circuit and test their full potential and suitability for low-power, low-noise and low-frequency environments. Proyectos TEC2016-80396-C2-1-R y PID2019-107258RB-C32 (Agencia Estatal de Investigación y el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación). Ministerio de Universidades, ayuda predoctoral BES-2017-080418 Programa de Doctorado en Tecnologías de las Comunicaciones, Bioingeniería y de las Energías Renovables (RD 99/2011) Bioingeniaritzako eta Komunikazioen eta Energia Berriztagarrien Teknologietako Doktoretza Programa (ED 99/2011)

We introduce a method to compensate for the deleterious effects of the phase noise of the laser source on long-range distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) that implement optical pulse compression (OPC). Pulse compression can be used in coherent optical time-domain reflectometry (COTDR) sensors to extend the measurement range without compromising spatial resolution. In fact, OPC-COTDR sensors have demonstrated the longest measurement range to date in passive sensing links that do not require distributed amplification to compensate fiber attenuation. However, it has been found that the limited coherence of the laser source has a degrading effect on the actual performance enhancement that pulse compression can bring because it constrains the maximum duration of the compression waveforms that can be used and makes the use of lasers with extremely low phase noise necessary.We introduce a technique to compensate for the effects of phase noise on OPC-COTDR sensors so that they can demonstrate their full potential for long-range measurements using lasers with less stringent phase noise requirements. The method is based on sampling the phase noise of the laser with an auxiliary interferometer and using this information in a simple signal processing technique to mitigate its deleterious effect on the signal measured. We test our method in an OPCCOTDR sensor that uses 500-μs linear frequency modulated pulses to demonstrate 100-km range measurements with 200 p/√Hz of strain sensitivity at 2-m initial spatial resolution that becomes 10-m after applying the gauge length. To our knowledge, this is the longest compression waveform demonstrated to date in an OPCCOTDR sensor. Its use provides an extra 20-km range compared to previous demonstrations using laser sources of comparable linewidth. Furthermore, comparable performance is also demonstrated when using a laser source with an order of magnitude larger linewidth. This work was supported in part by European Union “Next generationEU”/PRTR and MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 under grant PDC2021-121172-C21, in part by FEDER “A way to make Europe” and MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 under Grant PID2019-107270RB-C22, and in part by the Gobierno de Navarra under Grant PC210-211 FIBRATRAFIC.

La precisión de un robot está ligada a su rigidez. En comparación con la máquina herramienta tradicional, los robots industriales tienen un gran espacio de trabajo como ventaja, pero una rigidez reducida como desventaja. Además, la rigidez tiene una gran dependencia y variabilidad con la postura o configuración del robot. De ahí que resulte necesario un análisis de rigidez de los robots, que se evalúa mediante la matriz de rigidez. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de rigidez de un robot serie. Ante la diversidad de índices representativos extraídos a partir de la matriz de rigidez, se ha propuesto el uso de un índice que tenga en cuenta la dirección de las cargas que soporta el robot y la dirección en que se desea que el robot aporte rigidez en la aplicación específica. Asimismo, se ha utilizado el índice de rigidez para llevar el robot a configuraciones que mejoren la rigidez, hecho que resulta posible en aplicaciones en las que el robot tiene al menos un grado de libertad (GDL) redundante. La metodología se ha aplicado a un robot de 7 GDL utilizado como robot de soporte en el mecanizado de paredes delgadas. Dado que para definir la trayectoria únicamente son necesarios 5 GDL, se utilizan 2 GDL reduntantes para mejorar la rigidez. The precision of a robot is linked to its stiffness. Compared with traditional machine tools, industrial robots have large workspace as an advantage, but low stiffness as a disadvantage. Furthermore, stiffness has a high dependence and variability on the robot’s posture or configuration. Hence, a stiffness analysis of robots is necessary, which is evaluated by means of the stiffness matrix. In this paper, a stiffness analysis of a serial robot is presented. Given the diversity of representative indices extracted from the stiffness matrix, it is proposed the use of an index that takes into account the direction of the loads supported by the robot and the direction in which it is desired that the robot provides stiffness in the specific application. Then, the stiffness index has been used to move the robot to configurations that improve stiffness, which is possible in applications where the robot has at least one redundant degreeof-freedom (DOF). The methodology has been applied to a 7-DOF robot used as a support robot in thin-wall machining. Since only 5 GDLs are needed to define the trajectory, 2 reduntant GDLs are used to improve the stiffness. Este trabajo ha contado con la financiación de la “Convocatoria de ayudas a proyectos de I+D del Gobierno de Navarra”, bajo el proyecto con Ref. 0011-1365-2021-000080

Studies on fear of hypoglycemia as a barrier to physical activity among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been limited and controversial, most of which used self-reported assessment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between fear of hypoglycemia and physical activity and glycemic metrics in children and adolescents with T1D. Seventy-four participants (6–18 years of age; 44.6% females) with T1D were included in the study. Physical activity was assessed through accelerometry on nine consecutive days, and blood glucose metrics were simultaneously tracked using continuous glucose monitoring (time-in-range and hypoglycemic events). A closed question was used to evaluate the avoidance of physical activity due to fear of hypoglycemia. Fifteen participants (20%) reported avoiding physical activity due to fear of hypoglycemia. The group reporting no fear of hypoglycemia showed lower total physical activity (−35.33min/day, 95% confidence interval [CI] (−77.57 to −1.47)) and light physical activity (−29.81min/day, 95% CI −64.01 to −2.75) and higher sedentary time (77.95min/day, 95% CI 26.46–136.87) per day compared with those with fear of hypoglycemia. No difference was found between those patients with fear of hypoglycemia in terms of meeting the recommendations of glycated hemoglobin, glucose coefficient of variation, and time-in-range when compared to those with no fear of hypoglycemia. In conclusion, children and adolescents with fear of hypoglycemia were more active, less sedentary, and had similar glycemic metrics to those without fear. Our results therefore suggest that fear of hypoglycemia may be less of a barrier to an active lifestyle than previously believed. This study was funded by grant PI21/01238 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain). Dr. García-Hermoso is a Miguel Servet Fellow (Instituto de Salud Carlos III – CP18/0150). The project that gave rise to these results received the support of a fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation granted to Nidia Huerta Uribe (ID 11780038). Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra.

This paper presents a novel metasurface antenna whose radiation characteristics can be remotely controlled by optical means using PIN photodiodes. The proposed reconfigurable antenna is implemented using a single radiating element to minimize the size and complexity. The antenna is shown to exhibit a large impedance bandwidth and is capable of radiating energy in a specified direction. The proposed antenna consists of a standard rectangular patch on which is embedded an H-tree shaped fractal slot of order 3. The fractal slot is used to effectively reduce the physical size of the patch by 75 % and to enhance its impedance bandwidth. A metasurface layer is strategically placed above the patch radiator with a narrow air gap between the two. The metasurface layer is a lattice pattern of square framed rhombus ring shaped unit-cells that are interconnected by PIN photodiodes. The metasurface layer essentially acts like a superstrate when exposed to RF/microwave radiation. Placed below the patch antenna is a conductive layer that acts like a reflector to enhance the front-toback ratio by blocking radiation from the backside of the patch radiator. The patch’s main beam can be precisely controlled by photonically illuminating the metasurface layer. The antenna’s performance was modelled and analyzed with a commercial 3D electromagnetic solver. The antenna was fabricated on a standard dielectric substrate FR4 and has dimensions of 0.778λo × 0.778λo × 0.25λo mm3 , where λo is the wavelength of free space centered at 1.35 GHz. Measured results confirm the antenna’s performance. The antenna exhibits a wide fractional band of 55.5 % from 0.978 to 1.73 GHz for reflection-coefficient (S11) better than − 10 dB. It has a maximum gain of 9 dBi at 1.35 GHz with a maximum front-to-back ratio (F/B) of 21 dBi. The main beam can be steered in the elevation plane from − 24◦ to +24◦. The advantage of the proposed antenna is it does not require any mechanical movements or complicated electronic systems. Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538. The authors also sincerely appreciate funding from Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, this work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional -FEDER-, European Union) under the research grant PID2021-127409OB-C31 CONDOR. Besides above, the Article Processing Charge (APC) was afforded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Read & Publish Agreement CRUE-CSIC 2023).

With UAVs becoming increasingly popular in the industry, vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) convertiplanes are emerging as a compromise between the advantages of planes and multicopters. Due to their large wing surface area, VTOL convertiplanes are subject to a strong wind dependence on critical phases such as take-off, landing, and hovering. Developing a new and improved unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is often expensive and associated with failures and accidents. This paper proposes the dynamic characterization of a commercial VTOL convertiplane UAV in copter mode and provides a novel method to estimate the aerodynamic forces and moments for any possible wind speed and direction. Starting from Euler’s equations of rigid body dynamics, we have derived the mathematical formulation to precisely consider aerodynamic forces and moments caused by any wind speed and direction. This unique approach will allow for VTOL convertiplane UAVs to be trained and tested digitally in takeoff, hovering, and landing maneuvers without the cost and hassle of physical testing, and the dependence on existing wind conditions. A digital twin of a VTOL convertiplane UAV in copter mode has been modeled and tested in the Gazebo robotics simulator. Take-off, hovering and landing maneuvers have been compared with and without the wind physics model. Finally, the simulator has been tested against real flight conditions (reproducing the mean wind speed and direction only), showing a natural and realistic behavior. This work has been supported in part by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) under the research grant RTI2018-095499-B-C31 IoTrain; in part by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR PLEC2021-007997: Holistic power lines predictive maintenance system; and in part by the Government of Navarre (Departamento de Desarrollo Económico) under the research grants 0011-1411-2021-000021 EMERAL: Emergency UAVs for long range operations, 0011-1365-2020-000078 DIVA, and 0011-1411-2021-000025 MOSIC: Plataforma logística de largo alcance, eléctrica y conectada.

We obtain an asymptotic expansion of the hyperbolic umbilic catastrophe integral $$\Psi ^{(H)}(x,y,z):= \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\exp (i(s^3+t^3+zst$$ Ψ ( H ) ( x , y , z ) : = ∫ - ∞ ∞ ∫ - ∞ ∞ exp ( i ( s 3 + t 3 + z s t $$+yt+xs))\mathrm{{d}}s\,\mathrm{{d}}t$$ + y t + x s ) ) d s d t for large values of |x| and bounded values of |y| and |z|. The expansion is given in terms of Airy functions and inverse powers of x. There is only one Stokes ray at $$\arg x=\pi $$ arg x = π . We use the modified saddle point method introduced in (López et al. J Math Anal Appl 354(1):347–359, 2009). The accuracy and the asymptotic character of the approximations are illustrated with numerical experiments.

Producción Científica, Cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera littoralis) is a pest that produces important losses in horticultural and ornamental crops in greenhouse, being classified as quarantine pest A2 by EPPO. One of the strategies proposed to control agricultural pests in a health and environmentally friendly way is biological control with entomopathogenic fungi. The genus of filamentous fungi Trichoderma includes different species with direct (infection, antibiosis, anti-feeding, etc.) and indirect (systemic activation of plant defenses) insecticidal capacity, however, the species T. hamatum has never been described previously as entomopathogenic. In this work, the entomopathogenic capacity of T. hamatum on S. littoralis L3 larvae was analyzed by applying spores and fungal filtrates (topically and orally). Infection by spores was compared with the commercial entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, obtaining similar results with respect to the production of larval mortality. Oral application of spores reported high mortality and fungal colonization of larvae, however, T. hamatum did not show chitinase activity when grown in the presence of S. littoralis tissues. Therefore, infection of S. littoralis larvae by T. hamatum is through natural openings such as mouth, anus or spiracles. With respect to the application of filtrates, only those obtained from the liquid culture of T. hamatum in contact with S. littoralis tissues reported a significant reduction in larval growth. Metabolomic analysis of the filtrates determined that the filtrate with insecticidal capacity presented the siderophore rhizoferrin in large quantities, which could be responsible for this activity. However, the production of this siderophore had never been previously described in Trichoderma and its insecticidal capacity was unknown. In conclusion, T. hamatum presents entomopathogenic capacity against S. littoralis larvae through the application of spores and filtrates, and both ways could be the basis for the development of efficient bioinsecticides against the pest., Gobierno de Navarra (PC093-094 FORINSEC), Xunta de Galicia (IN607A 2021/03)

In this paper, a high-performance antenna-on-chip (AoC) is implemented on gallium arsenide (GaAs) wafer based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and metasurface (MTS) technologies for terahertz band applications. The proposed antenna is constructed using fve stacked layers comprising metal-GaAs-metal-GaAs-metal. The conductive electromagnetic radiators are implemented on the upper side of the top GaAs layer, which has a metallic ground-plane at its underside. The metallic feedline is implemented at the underside of the bottom GaAs layer. Dual wrench-shaped radiators are framed by metallic vias connected to the ground-plane to create SIW cavity. This technique mitigates the surface waves and the substrate losses, thereby improving the antenna’s radiation characteristics. The antenna is excited by a T-shaped feedline implemented on the underside of the bottom GaAs substrate layer. Electromagnetic (EM) energy from the feedline is coupled to the radiating elements through the circular and linear slots etched in the middle ground-plane layer. To mitigate the surfacewave interactions and the substrate losses in the bottom GaAs layer, the feedline is contained inside a SIW cavity. To enhance the antenna’s performance, the radiators are transformed into a metamaterialinspired surface (i.e., metasurface), by engraving periodic arrangement of circular slots of subwavelength diameter and periodicity. Essentially, the slots act as resonant scatterers, which control the EM response of the surface. The antenna of dimensions of 400× 400 × 8 μm3 is demonstrated to operate over a wide frequency range from 0.445 to 0.470THz having a bandwidth of 25GHz with an average return-loss of− 27 dB. The measured average gain and radiation efciency are 4.6 dBi and 74%, respectively. These results make the proposed antenna suitable for AoC terahertz applications. Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538. This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional -FEDER-, European Union) under the research grant PID2021-127409OB-C31 CONDOR.

The presence of emerging pollutants (EPs) in water is a major environmental concern. This study evaluates for the first time the removal of three EPs, namely triclosan (TCS), 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP), and bisphenol A (BPA), 90 μmol/dm3, from water through both Fenton- and photo-Fenton-like reactions using montmorillonite (Mt) and aluminum interlayered pillared clays (Al-PILC) as catalytic supports. The catalysts (Fe2O3/TiO2/Mt and Fe2O3/TiO2/Al-PILC) were evaluated in single-component solutions and in an equimolar mixture. Two Al-PILC were synthesized from a hazardous waste, namely aluminum saline slag, using either the acid (Al-PILCAE) or the alkaline (Al-PILCBE) aluminum extract as precursors. The third Al-PILC was obtained by the conventional method using a commercial aluminum salt (Al-PILCCM). Catalytic supports were impregnated at 10 and 20 wt% titanium. Iron loadings from 1 to 20 wt% were tested for Mt, while only 20 wt% iron was tested for Al-PILC. All catalysts were characterized using several techniques and the results confirmed the formation of TiO2 and Fe2O3. Almost 100 % of TCS and 2,6-DCP were removed by both Fenton-like (240 and 420 min, respectively) and photo-Fenton-like reactions (30 and 90–120 min, respectively) using the Al-PILC based catalyst. The maximum removal for BPA was 80.14 ± 1.93 % after 120 min under photo-Fenton-like conditions using Al-PILCBE. The catalysts synthesized using the four catalytic supports showed good results for the removal of TCS by both processes, while for 2,6-DCP and BPA the best results were obtained using Al-PILCAE and Al-PILCBE as catalytic supports. Finally, a degradation pathway was suggested for every pollutant based on the by-products identified during the reactions by HPLC-MS. The results revealed that the materials used in this work are suitable catalysts for removing emerging pollutants from water by both Fenton- and photo-Fenton-like reactions. The authors are grateful for financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) through project PID2020-112656RB-C21 Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra. YC thanks the Universidad Pública de Navarra for a pre-doctoral grant (IberusTalent, European Union's H2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement N° 801586). AG also thanks Banco Santander for funding via the Research Intensification Program.

The practice of sports has been steadily evolving, taking advantage of different technological tools to improve different aspects such as individual/collective training, support in match development or enhancement of audience experience. In this work, an in-house implemented monitoring system for golf training and competition is developed, composed of a set of distributed end devices, gateways and routers, connected to a web-based platform for data analysis, extraction and visualization. Extensive wireless channel analysis has been performed, by means of deterministic 3D radio channel estimations and radio frequency measurements, to provide coverage/capacity estimations for the specific use case of golf courses. The monitoring system has been fully designed considering communication as well as energy constraints, including wireless power transfer (WPT) capabilities in order to provide flexible node deployment. System validation has been performed in a real golf course, validating end-to-end connectivity and information handling to improve overall user experience. The work has been funded by the Department of Economic Development, Government of Navarre, under grant 0011-1365-2016-000073.

This research aims to verify: (1) whether the impacts of the informativeness in seller-created and buyer-created content (product description informativeness/review informativeness) on product sales are complementary or substitutionary. (2) the moderating role of the readability of seller-created and buyercreated content (product description readability/review readability) between the corresponding informativeness (product description informativeness/review informativeness) and product sales. (3) the moderating role of the multimedia richness in seller-created and buyer-created content (product multimedia richness/review multimedia richness) between the corresponding informativeness (product description informativeness/review informativeness) and product sales. (4) the moderating role of valence in buyer-created content (review valence) between the informativeness (review informativeness) in buyer-created content and product sales. To achieve the mentioned goals, we created a conceptual framework combining the dual processing theory (Chaiken and Trope, 1999) and the dual coding theory (Paivio, 1990), through which the hypotheses were proposed. To test the hypotheses in our conceptual framework, we collected data of video game products from Amazon.com using a third-party API service: the Rainforest API. Then, we operationalised the constructs and measured the variables, including creating the lexicons of video game attributes. Finally, we estimated the empirical model using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). This research makes several contributions to the e-commerce literature as well as to practitioners and researchers in this field. On the theoretical side, our empirical findings suggest that review informativeness fully mediates the influence of product description informativeness on product sales, which complements the previous normative model of the interactions between seller-created and buyer-created content (Chen and Xie, 2008). On the practical side, based on the empirical results, we provide concrete guidance for marketers to enhance their strategies on e-commerce platforms. Moreover, as an additional product of the research process, we developed the lexicons of video game attributes, which can help practitioners and researchers to understand and study the attributes of video game products. Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [Project number: PID2019- 108554RB-I00] and the Public University of Navarre. The authors also thank the open access funding provided by the Public University of Navarre.

La presente tesis doctoral está basada en la publicación de 4 estudios que tienen como objetivo analizar el rol del quimiorreflejo periférico sobre el tiempo de apnea en atletas nadadores de nivel competitivo para lo cual se realizaron experimentos en población que va desde modelos animales, humanos físicamente activos y deportistas nadadores de nivel competitivo. This doctoral thesis is based on the publication of 4 studies that aim to analyze the role of the peripheral chemoreflex on apnea time in competitive swimming athletes, for which experiments were carried out on a population ranging from animal models, physically active humans and competitive swimmers. Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud (RD 99/2011) Osasun Zientzietako Doktoretza Programa (ED 99/2011)

Este artículo presenta las conclusiones de nuestra investigación acerca de la represión carcelaria sobre las mujeres en el País Vasco, centrándonos en el chalet Orue, la prisión de mujeres dependiente de la Prisión Provincial de Bilbao que se habilitó en la posguerra. Para ello, hemos realizado un análisis prosopográfico basándonos en los datos extraídos de fuentes primarias sobre las mujeres allí recluidas, siendo la fuente principal sus expedientes carcelarios. De esta manera, hemos podido obtener una imagen nítida de las características socioeconómicas de estas víctimas, así como de la política penitenciaria de la dictadura franquista, que no solo privaba de su libertad a estas personas, sino que las obligaba a vivir en condiciones lamentables que en ocasiones provocaban su muerte. Emakumeek Euskadiko espetxeetan sufritutako errepresioari buruz egin dugun ikerketaren ondorioak aurkezten ditu artikulu honek, bereziki Orue txaleta ardatz hartuta, hots, Bilboko Probintzia Espetxeak gerraostean prestatu zuen emakumeentzako kartzela. Horretarako, analisi prosopografiko bat egin dugu, han giltzapetutako emakumeei buruz lehen mailako iturrietatik ateratako datuetan oinarrituta, iturri nagusia espetxeetako haien espedienteak izanik. Horrela, biktima horien ezaugarri sozioekonomikoen irudi garbia lortu dugu, baita diktadura frankistaren espetxe-politikarena ere, zeinak, pertsona horiei askatasuna kentzeaz gain, baldintza tamalgarrietan bizitzera behartzen baitzituen, heriotzara eramateraino batzuetan. This article presents the conclusions of our study on prison repression against women in the Basque Country, focusing on the adapte prison of Orue villa, under the Provincial Prison of Bilbao. To this end, we have carried out a prosopographic analysis based on data from primary sources on the women present, the main source being prison records. We have thus been able to obtain a clear picture of the socio-economic characteristics of these victims, as well as of the prison policy of the Franco dictatorship, which, in addition to depriving these people of their liberty, forced them to live in deplorable conditions that sometimes lead to death.

Grid-forming power converters are controlled as voltage sources to regulate the grid voltage and frequency. These converters can increase power system strength if they impose a voltage waveform resilient to grid transients. For this reason, in this paper, we propose a deadbeat control strategy of the capacitor voltage for high power converters with LCL filter. To damp the LCL resonant poles, an active damping strategy is developed, based on a modification of the deadbeat control law. With this purpose, a notch filter is applied to the electrical variables allowing to emulate different damping resistances for the fundamental component and the harmonics. As a result, the active damping does not introduce tracking errors of the fundamental frequency component, while it provides damping to the filter resonance. The proposed strategy does not require knowledge of the grid impedance, an interesting feature in grid-connected power converters because the grid impedance is generally unknown. Experimental results validate the proposed strategy. This work was supported in part by Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) under Grants PID2019-110956RB-I00 /AEI/ 10.13039 and TED2021-132604B-I00, in part by the Spanish Ministry of Universities through “Programa Estatal de Promoción del Talento y su Empleabilidad en I+D+i, Subprograma Estatal de Movilidad, del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020” Program, in part by the Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AC3E) under Grant ANID/FB0008, in part by Solar Energy Research Center (SERC) under Grant ANID/FONDAP/15110019, and in part by the ANID/Fondecyt under Regular Grant 1211826.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality to reduce pain and anxiety in pediatric patients during venipuncture procedure in emergency care and the behavioral response of their parents/companions. Background: Virtual reality is being used as a source of distraction in children undergoing invasive procedures. Methods: Quasi-experimental study with 458 children (from 2 to 15 years) who attended a pediatric emergency service from September 2019 to April 2021. An intervention based on virtual reality as a distraction method during venipuncture procedure was applied. The level of pain and anxiety of children and attitude of parents/ companions were assessed. Ordinal and binary logistic regressions were applied. Results: A protective effect of using virtual reality was observed in the intervention group both for the absence of pain (− 4.12; 95 % CI: − 4.85 to − 3.40) and anxiety (− 1.71; 95 % CI: − 2.24 to − 1.17) in children aged between 2 and 15 years. A significant reduction in the blocking response of the accompanying parents (− 2.37; 95 % CI: − 3.017 to − 1.723) was also observed. Conclusions: VR is effective in reducing pain and anxiety in children during venipuncture in emergency care. A positive attitude of the parents during the invasive procedure to their children was found. This work was supported by “Precipita” crowdfunding platform, from the Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology (FECYT). Besides, open access funding was provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra.

Las transformaciones económicas y sociales que vivió España durante los años sesenta se vieron acompañadas por cierta evolución de la dictadura franquista que modernizó sus mecanismos represivos, 'civilizó' su justicia, pues la persecución del movimiento obrero y estudiantil pasó de la jurisdicción militar a la civil, desempeñada por el Tribunal de Orden Público. Pero en las comisarías se mantenían las prácticas violentas y las torturas que habían sido la norma desde la sublevación militar del 17 de julio en Melilla. En las cárceles, las presas y presos políticos continuaban luchando frente a la coerción política y religiosa del franquismo. Cualquier ámbito de la vida cotidiana penitenciaria era una oportunidad y se aprovechaba con el objetivo de combatir a la dictadura. Pequeñas y grandes luchas por la mejora de la alimentación, las condiciones higiénicas, las comunicaciones con los familiares, recibir prensa o no asistir a la misa obligatoria. Espainiak hirurogeiko hamarkadan izan zituen eraldaketa ekonomiko eta sozialek eboluzioa eragin zuten diktadura frankistan. Frankismoak, besteak beste, errepresio mekanismoak modernizatu zituen eta bere justizia 'zibilizatu' zuen; izan ere, langileen eta ikasleen mugimenduen kontrako jazarpena jurisdikzio militarretik zibilera pasatu zuen, hau da, Ordena Publikoaren Auzitegira. Hala ere, komisarietan bortxazko ekintzak eta torturak egiten jarraitu zuten, uztailaren 17an Melillako altxamendu militarra ezkero ohikoa zen moduan. Kartzeletan, preso politikoek borrokan jarraitu zuten frankismoaren hertsadura politiko eta erlijiosoaren aurka. Kartzelako eguneroko bizitzako edozein arlo borrokarako aukera bat zen, eta diktadurari aurre egiteko erabiltzen zuten. Borroka txiki eta handiak ziren, elikadura, higiene baldintzak eta senideekin izan zitzaketen harremanak hobetzekoak, prentsa jasotzeko eskubidearen aldekoak edo mezara derrigorrez joan beharraren kontrakoak. The economic and social transformations undergone by Spain in the 1960s were accompanied by a certain evolution of the Franco dictatorship, which modernised its repressive mechanisms and made its justice system more 'civilised' by shifting the persecution of the worker and student movement from military to civil courts, in the form of the Public Order Tribunal. However, police stations saw a continuation of the violent practices and torture that had been the norm since the military uprising of 17 July in Melilla. In prisons, male and female political inmates continued to struggle against the political and religious coercion exerted by Francoism. Any walk of daily prison life provided them with an opportunity to fight the Dictatorship and was taken advantage of: minor and major struggles aimed at improving food, hygienic conditions, communication with family members, the right to receive the press or not to attend obligatory Mass.

Los estudios que componen el dosier del presente número de la Revista Huarte de San Juan Geografía e Historia no solo son deudores de toda esta evolución historiográfica, sino que pretenden también ser una muestra de los nuevos enfoques, propuestas e interrogantes que una nueva generación de investigadores está situando en la vanguardia de la incombustible discusión científica de la Guerra Civil y el franquismo en España.

Las autoridades eclesiásticas y civiles del Antiguo Régimen impusieron una representación femenina que transmitiera conductas aceptables. No obstante, los desafíos del contexto social a los que se enfrentaron las mujeres les impedía cumplir con lo prescrito. Algunas mujeres decidieron vivir relaciones como el amasiato, concubinato y adulterio. Para los intereses de este escrito, nos enfocamos en el adulterio que, desde la concepción judeocristiana y el derecho, atentó contra la familia y por ende, el orden social; por lo tanto, debía ser señalado y castigado. Por tal razón, es importante explicar cómo el adulterio femenino resultó de las desavenencias originadas en la vida maridable: infidelidad, sevicia y falta de manutención. En este artículo, se analizan cuatro denuncias por adulterio femenino junto con tres demandas de divorcio eclesiástico que se realizaron a finales del siglo XVIII e inicios del XIX en el espacio geográfico de la Nueva Galicia; en ellas, se revelan atisbos de la vida íntima de las cuatro mujeres que articulan este estudio. Antzinako Erregimeneko eliz agintariek eta agintari zibilek emakumeen ordezkaritza bat ezarri zuten jokabide onargarriak transmititzeko. Hala ere, emakumeek, tokatu zitzaien testuinguru soziala zela-eta, ezin zuten bete agindutakoa. Emakume batzuek amasiatozko, ohaidetzako eta adulteriozko harremanak izatea erabaki zuten. Idazki honetan, arreta adulterioan jartzea interesatzen zaigu. Adulterioa seinalatu eta zigortu beharrekoa zen; izan ere, judukristautasunaren eta zuzenbidearen ikuspegitik, familiari erasotzen zion, eta, ondorioz, baita ordena sozialari ere. Horregatik, garrantzitsua da azaltzea emakumeen adulterioa ezkon bizitzan sortutako tirabiren ondorioa zela, desleialtasunetik, krudeltasunetik eta mantenu-faltatik sortua baitzen. Artikulu honetan, XVIII. mendearen amaieran eta XIX.aren hasieran Galizia Berriko eremu geografikoan emakumeen adulterioagatik jarritako lau salaketa eta eliz dibortzioa eskatzen zuten hiru kasu aztertzen dira. Horietan, ikerketa honen ardatz diren lau emakumeen bizitza intimoaren zantzuak agertzen dira. The ecclesiastical and civil authorities of the Old Regime imposed a female representation that conveyed acceptable behaviors. However, the challenges of the social context that women faced prevented them from complying with what was mandated. Some women chose to live in relationships such as consensual marriage, cohabitation and adultery. For the purpos-es of this paper we focus on adultery, which, from the Judeo-Christian conception and the law, was an attack against the family and thus the social order which, therefore, must be pointed out and punished. For this reason, it is important to explain how female adultery resulted from the disagreements originated in marital life: infidelity, abuse and lack of support. In this article, four complaints of female adultery are analyzed along with three ecclesiastical divorce suits that took place in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in the geographic space of New Galicia. In them, glimpses of the intimate life of the four women who articulate this study are revealed.

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100453., Sulfur dioxide (SO2), the main preservative in wine, may affect the sensory properties of the wines, as well as cause allergic reactions and headaches in sensitive people. The aim of this work was to evaluate the replacement of SO2 in Tempranillo wines with Mazuelo grape stem products. Five Tempranillo red wines were elaborated: positive control (60 mg/L SO2); negative control with no preservatives; Mazuelo extract (200 mg/L); Mazuelo extract combined with SO2 (100 mg/L + 20 mg/L); and Mazuelo stem (400 mg/L). The oenological parameters, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and total anthocyanins (TA) contents were determined. Additionally, individual phenols were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-FLD. The spectrophotometric analyses showed that the wines had similar antioxidant capacities and concentrations of TP and TF. However, TA was more affected by the lack of SO2 as anthocyanins presented higher concentrations in positive control samples. The concentrations of individual phenols followed a similar path in all samples. Wines containing sulfites were more similar than the other treatments. However, these similarities were not reflected on the sensory analysis performed, as triangle test did not show differences between the wine with extract addition and the positive control wine. Therefore, Mazuelo stem extract could be a possible strategy for SO2 replacement. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary to confirm the potential of grape stem extracts as wine preservative., This study was also supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit, and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Competitiveness factors Operational program – Norte 2020, COMPETE and by National Funds through the FCT - under the project AgriFood XXI (NORTE- 01-0145-FEDER-000041)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion